Trisakti 2012 PVT Dasar

PVT
Properties of Reservoir Fluids as function of Pressure Volume

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004
Temperature
PVT Behaviour
Main Reservoir Fluids: Black Oil Solution-Gas Drive Dry Gas

p>pb p<pb p>pd
Bo, o, co are ASSUMED constant Bo, o, co = f(p) Bg, g, cg = f(p)
Reservoir Fluids
Schematic Phase Diagrams Generic (single and multi-component cases) Black Oil Solution-Gas Drive Dry Gas Black Oil (p>pb) Properties: Bo, o, co (ASSUMED constant) Solution-Gas Drive (p<pb) Properties: Bo, o, co
Dry Gas (p>pd) Properties: Bg, g, cg Summary of Fluid Properties and Sources
Pressure - Volume Behaviour Single Component System

Pressure Liquid Bubble point Dew point Gas
FIRST BUBBLE OF GAS
LAST DROP OF LIQUID
Volume
Pressure vs Temperature Single Component System
3D Phase Diagram Single Component System
Liquid Pressure
Gas Liquid
Critical point Gas
Vo
lum e
re tu ra e p em
Pressure - Volume Behaviour Two Component System

Pressure Liquid Bubble point
Dew point
FIRST BUBBLE OF GAS
LAST DROP OF LIQUID
Gas
Volume
P - T Behaviour 2 Component System
Diagram for a Multi-Component System
Note the "Bubble Point" and "Dew Point" lines. Location of critical point determines fluid type.
Reservoir Fluids
Hydrocarbon Reservoir Fluids types
Reservoir Fluids Black Oil p-T Diagram
Black Oil : o>40o API, (GOR)i < 2000 scf/STB, Boi < 2.0 RB/STB, C7+ > 20 %.
Reservoir Fluids Volatile Oil p-T Diagram
Volatile Oil: o<45o API, 2000 < (GOR)i < 3300 scf/STB, Boi > 2.0 RB/STB, 12.5 < C7+ < 20 %.
Reservoir Fluids Retrograde Gas p-T Diagram
Retrograde Gas : 45<o<60o API, 3300 < (GOR)i < 150,000 scf/STB, C7+ < 12.5 %.
Reservoir Fluids Wet Gas p-T Diagram
Wet Gas: (GOR)i > 50,000 scf/STB.
Reservoir Fluids Dry Gas p-T Diagram
Dry Gas
Reservoir Fluids
Formation Volume Factor: Bo,g,w Fluid volume at reservoir conditions Bo,g,w = Fluid volume at standard conditions
The Formation Volume Factor "converts" surface volumes to downhole conditions. Typical values: Oil: 1.2 Gas: 0.003
100
to to
to
2.4 RB/STB 0.01 rcf/scf

333 scf/rcf (=expansion factor)
Formation Volume factors

Solution gas Solution gas Surface conditions
Oil
Gas Rs Rsw
Water
Bo
Bg
Bw
Reservoir conditions
Oil
Water Gas
Retrograde Gas Condensate
Condensate
Surface conditions GLR
Gas
Bg
Reservoir conditions
Gas
Reservoir Fluids
Viscosity: o,g,w Is a measure of a fluid's internal resistance to flow, - the proportionality of shear rate to shear stress - a sort of internal friction. Fluid viscosity depends on pressure, temperature and fluid composition.
Typical values:
Oil: Gas:
0.2 0.01
to to
30 cp 0.05 cp
Compressibility
Important reservoir parameters:
drained area permeability reservoir thickness porosity compressibility
Of importance is the TOTAL system compressibility:

ct = chc.Shc + cw.Sw + cf
HC: hydrocarbon, w: water, f: formation
Compressibility
Hydrocarbon Compressibility: co,g
1 dBo Bg dRso + Bo dp Bo dp
Oil Typical values p > pb p < pb
co =
to 20
x10-6 psi-1 x10-6 psi-1
30 to 200
Gas
cg =
1 dBg Bg dp
Typical values
50 to 1000 x10-6 psi-1
Compressibility
Water Typical values 3
cw = 1 dBw Bg dRsw + Bw dp Bw dp
to 5
x10-6 psi-1
Formation Typical values: 2 10
cf =
1 d dp
to 10 x10-6 psi-1 normal to 100 x10-6 psi-1 very high
Fluid Correlations
Oil PVT Correlations used in Topaze or Saphir
Rs/pb Standing Lasater Vasquez and Beggs Glaso Lasater- Standing Petrosky and Farshad Beggs and Robinson
Bo ; -
o
;
co ; -
; -
Beal
; generally used as default)
Gas Correlations
Gas PVT Correlations used in Topaze or Saphir
z-factor Dranchuk, et al. Beggs and Brill Hall and Yarborough Lee, et al. Carr, et al. ; -
g
;
; generally used as default

Gas compressibility (cg) is computed from the z-factor using: 1 dBg 1 1 dz = cg = Bg dp p z dp
General Oil Properties
Black Oil PVT Properties: (general behavior, pb=5000 psia)
Oil Reservoir below Bubble Point: "Solution-Gas Drive"

1. Pressure above Bubble Point. Wells produce oil and associated gas.
2.
Pressure drops below Bubble Point. Bubbles of solution gas form in reservoir.
3.
Critical gas saturation reached. Gas is now mobile.
4.
Gas flows towards producing wells. Wells now produce oil, associated gas and solution gas.
Oil Reservoir below Bubble Point: "Solution-Gas Drive"
1.
As fluid is produced, the reservoir pressure drops towards abandonment. The Oil production is high at first, rapidly dropping off as more gas is produced. At critical gas saturation, the Gas-Oil ratio rises rapidly to a maximum, then falls as the lower gas compressibility offsets the increased gas mobility.
2. 3.
Dry Gas
In terms of equations solutions the main difference between the oil and gas case is that the gas properties are highly pressure dependent. Viscosity g and Compressibility ct are function of the pressure
Dry gas
In order to keep the liquid flow equations linear, the variations in gas properties are accounted for by the real gas pseudopressure function
m( p) =
p0
2 p. dp ( p). z( p)
Pseudo-pressure function is then substituted for pressure in the analysis.

To take into account the varying mgcg a pseudo- time can be used in the analysis.
References
1. Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering Calhoun (1953). 2. Properties of Petroleum Fluids McCain (1990).

Trisakti 2012 PVT Dasar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trisakti 2012 PVT Dasar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trisakti 2012 PVT Dasar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PVT

Properties of Reservoir Fluids as function of Pressure Volume

Main Reservoir Fluids: Black Oil Solution-Gas Drive Dry Gas

p>pb p<pb p>pd

Bo, o, co are ASSUMED constant Bo, o, co = f(p) Bg, g, cg = f(p)

Pressure - Volume Behaviour Single Component System

FIRST BUBBLE OF GAS

LAST DROP OF LIQUID

Pressure vs Temperature Single Component System

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

3D Phase Diagram Single Component System

Critical point Gas

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Pressure - Volume Behaviour Two Component System

FIRST BUBBLE OF GAS

LAST DROP OF LIQUID

P - T Behaviour 2 Component System

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Diagram for a Multi-Component System

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Hydrocarbon Reservoir Fluids types

Reservoir Fluids Black Oil p-T Diagram

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Reservoir Fluids Volatile Oil p-T Diagram

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Reservoir Fluids Retrograde Gas p-T Diagram

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Reservoir Fluids Wet Gas p-T Diagram

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Wet Gas: (GOR)i > 50,000 scf/STB.

Reservoir Fluids Dry Gas p-T Diagram

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

2.4 RB/STB 0.01 rcf/scf

Formation Volume factors

Retrograde Gas Condensate

Surface conditions GLR

drained area permeability reservoir thickness porosity compressibility

Of importance is the TOTAL system compressibility:

Oil Typical values p > pb p < pb

x10-6 psi-1 x10-6 psi-1

50 to 1000 x10-6 psi-1

Formation Typical values: 2 10

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

to 10 x10-6 psi-1 normal to 100 x10-6 psi-1 very high

; generally used as default)

; generally used as default

Gas compressibility (cg) is computed from the z-factor using: 1 dBg 1 1 dz = cg = Bg dp p z dp

General Oil Properties

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Black Oil PVT Properties: (general behavior, pb=5000 psia)

Oil Reservoir below Bubble Point: "Solution-Gas Drive"

Critical gas saturation reached. Gas is now mobile.

Oil Reservoir below Bubble Point: "Solution-Gas Drive"

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

Pseudo-pressure function is then substituted for pressure in the analysis.

Kappa 2004 T.Blasingame 2004

You might also like