Idle Band Interference

ECC REPORT 96
COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN UMTS 900/1800 AND SYSTEMS

OPERATING IN ADJACENT BANDS
Krakow, March 2007
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC)
within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 2
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report deals with the compatibility study between UMTS900/1800 and systems operating in adjacent bands.
This report gives the description of the compatibility study methodology, co-existence scenarios, simulation assumptions,
and the results for the deployment of UMTS operating in 900 MHz and in 1800 MHz bands taking into account adjacent
band systems. Although best effort has been made to provide assumptions and results to encompass the widest range of
possible situations, however there might be some country specific cases where different assumptions need to be made.
Furthermore it has to be noted that based on the operational experience further analyses may have to be carried out.
Based on the interference analysis, the following conclusions can be made:
UMTS900 can be deployed in the same geographical area in co-existence with GSM-R as follows:
1) There is a priori no need of an additional guard band between UMTS900 and GSM-R, a carrier separation of 2.8
MHz or more between the UMTS900 carrier and the nearest GSM-R carrier is sufficient without prejudice to
provisions in point 2). This conclusion is based on Monte Carlo simulations assumed suitable for typical case.
2) However for some critical cases (e.g. with high located antenna, open and sparsely populated areas served by high
power UMTS BS close to the railway tracks, blocking etc, which would lead to assumption of possible direct line
of sight coupling) the MCL calculations demonstrate that coordination is needed for a certain range of distances
(up to 4 km or more from railway track).
3) It is beneficial to activate GSM-R uplink power control, especially for the train mounted MS, otherwise the impact
on UMTS UL capacity could be important when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the
GSM-R band. However, it has to be recognized that this is only applicable in low speed areas as elsewhere the use
of uplink control in GSM-R will cause significantly increased call drop out rates.
4) In order to protect GSM-R operations, UMTS operators should take care when deploying UMTS in the 900 MHz
band, where site engineering measures and/or better* filtering capabilities (providing additional coupling loss in
order to match the requirements defined for the critical/specific cases) may be needed in order to install UMTS
sites close to the railway track when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the GSM-R band.
* Currently, the out-of band interference level is given by 3GPP TS 25.104 V7.4.0
It has to be noted that this study did not address tunnel coverage. Site sharing, which is expected to
improve the coexistence, has not been studied either.
When UMTS900 is deployed in the same geographical area in co-existence with PMR/PAMR (CDMA PAMR,
TETRA, TAPS) operating at frequencies above 915 MHz, some potential interference from PAMR/PAMR BS to
UMTS900 BS could be a problem. In order to protect UMTS900 BS, the utilization of interference mitigation
techniques is necessary:
i) Reduced PMR/PAMR BS Tx power
ii) Spatial separation
iii) External filters
iv) Guard band
The potential interference from UMTS900 to aeronautical DME operating at frequencies above 972 MHz does not
represent any difficulty. The frequency range between 960-972 MHz is not currently used by aeronautical DME but is
planned to be used in a near future. Some additional margins may be required for the protection of aeronautical DME
operating at frequencies between 960 and 972 MHz, where the required additional margins are dependent on DME
carriers and aircraft positions. The studies have shown that the only mitigation techniques, in order to ensure the
compatibility between the DME system and UMTS900, that would bring sufficient isolation are: additional filtering
and a larger guard band. However these two mitigation techniques are not judged applicable. It has to be noted that the
impact of the DME ground station (and FRS if necessary) on the UMTS 900 mobile stations has not been studied in
this report and may need additional studies. Therefore, the report suggests that a regulatory solution should be
examined. It is necessary that a common approach be used within Europe to ensure the compatibility.
ECC REPORT 96
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Further compatibility study will be necessary if this frequency range is to be used by DME systems or future
aeronautical systems addressed under WRC Agenda Item 1.6.
The compatibility study between UMTS900 and MIDS indicated that an additional margin of 17 dB of UMTS900 BS
spurious emissions over the frequency range between 1000 MHz and 1206 MHz in reference to 3GPP technical
specifications is required for the protection of MIDS terminal receiver. If this additional margin is obtained by the
UMTS BS real performance being better than 3GPP technical specifications, no other protection means such as
separation distance etc. are required for the protection of MIDS.
Potential interference between UMTS1800 and DECT does not appear to be a problem, as the DECT system has a
DCA (Dynamic Channel Allocation) mechanism which efficiently avoids an interfered channel except if both systems
are deployed indoor. Indeed, although DECT uses DCA, interference analysis shows that in the case of UMTS1800
indoor pico cellular deployment using the frequency channel adjacent to the DECT frequency band, the use of some
interference mitigation technique may be necessary to address potential interference to indoor DECT RFP or PP.
However, in practice, GSM1800 deployment has demonstrated that no additional interference mitigation techniques
are really needed. This statement can be assumed to be extended to the compatibility between UMTS1800 and DECT
systems.
The analysis indicates that the potential interference between UMTS1800 UE and METSAT Earth Stations should not
be a problem.
The preliminary interference analysis leads to the conclusion that, with a guard band of 700 kHz, the potential
interference from Radio microphones to UMTS1800 BS should not be a problem if the radio microphones maximum
transmit power is limited to 13 dBm (20 mW) for hand held microphones and 17 dBm (50 mW) for body worn
microphones as recommended in ERC Report 63 and ERC/REC 70-03E.
It should be noted that the interference analysis between UMTS1800 UE and Fixed Services was not considered in the
report.
In some European countries, civil/military aeronautical radionavigation system is using the frequency band adjacent to
UMTS900, different to the frequency band of civil radionavigation DME, it is also used as safety-of-life application. The
frequency plan and the characteristics of the civil/military aeronautical radionavigation system, as well as the interference
analysis between UMTS900 and the civil/military aeronautical radionavigation system are not considered in this report.
ECC REPORT 96
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Table of contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................................2
2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................7
3 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS900 AND SYSTEMS OPERATING IN ADJACENT BANDS.......7
3.1 SYSTEMS OPERATING IN ADJACENT BANDS ..................................................................................................................7
3.2 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS900 AND GSM-R..........................................................................................8
3.2.1 GSM-R system characteristics................................................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Interference analysis based on the comparison of out-of-band emissions between UMTS and GSM.................10
3.2.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.2.2 Comparison of UMTS900 and GSM900 out-of-band emissions....................................................................................10
3.2.2.3 Analysis summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.3 Interference analysis with MCL approach...........................................................................................................13
3.2.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.3.2 Interference analysis results........................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Interference analysis with Monte-Carlo simulations..........................................................................................15
3.2.4.1 UMTS900 and GSM-R deployment and co-existence scenarios....................................................................................15
3.2.4.2 Simulation assumptions................................................................................................................................................. 17
3.2.4.3 Interference analysis method.......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.4.4 Simulation results........................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.4.5 Analysis summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.5 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................24
3.3 COMPATIBILITY CONSIDERATION BETWEEN UMTS900 AND PMR/PAMR.................................................................25
3.3.1 Characteristics of PMR/PAMR systems ..............................................................................................................25
3.3.1.1 CDMA PAMR system characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.1.2 TETRA system characteristics....................................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.2 Interference analysis considerations....................................................................................................................28
3.3.2.1 Potential interference between UMTS900 and CDMA PAMR at 915 MHz...................................................................28
3.3.2.2 Potential interference between UMTS900 and TETRA at 915 MHz..............................................................................29
3.3.3 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................29
3.4 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS900 AND DME............................................................................................30
3.4.1 DME and UMTS system characteristics..............................................................................................................30
3.4.2 Case Study............................................................................................................................................................34
3.4.3 Interference analysis results.................................................................................................................................35
3.4.4 Analysis of the results...........................................................................................................................................39
3.4.5 Mitigation techniques and mitigation effects.......................................................................................................41
3.4.6 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................42
3.5 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS900 AND MIDS...........................................................................................43
3.5.1 System parameters and co-existence scenario.....................................................................................................43
3.5.1.1 Frequency band plan...................................................................................................................................................... 43
3.5.1.2 System parameters......................................................................................................................................................... 43
3.5.1.3 Propagation model......................................................................................................................................................... 47
3.5.1.4 Simulation configuration................................................................................................................................................ 47
.........................................................................................................................................................................................47
3.5.2 Interference analysis and simulation results........................................................................................................47
3.5.2.1 Level of the UMTS900 signal received by the MIDS terminal (out of the MIDS receiving band).................................47
3.5.2.2 Level of the UMTS900 signal received by the MIDS terminal (in the MIDS receiving band).......................................49
<200 M..............................................................................................................................................................................52
<-21 DBM..........................................................................................................................................................................52
<-87 DBM..........................................................................................................................................................................52
>17 DB..............................................................................................................................................................................52
200 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-21 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-87 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
17 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
300 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-22 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-88 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
16 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
400 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-23 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
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-89 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
15 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
500 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-24 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-90 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
14 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
600 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-26 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-92 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
12 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
700 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-28 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-94 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
10 DB................................................................................................................................................................................52
800 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-29 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-95 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
9 DB..................................................................................................................................................................................52
900 M................................................................................................................................................................................52
-30 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-96 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
8 DB..................................................................................................................................................................................52
1000 M..............................................................................................................................................................................52
-32 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-98 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
6 DB..................................................................................................................................................................................52
1500 M..............................................................................................................................................................................52
-36 DBM............................................................................................................................................................................52
-102 DBM..........................................................................................................................................................................52
2 DB..................................................................................................................................................................................52
2000 M..............................................................................................................................................................................52
0 DB..................................................................................................................................................................................52
3.5.3 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................53
3.6 CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................................................................................53
4 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND SYSTEMS OPERATING IN ADJACENT BANDS...55
4.1 SYSTEMS OPERATING IN ADJACENT BANDS.................................................................................................................55
4.2 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND DECT........................................................................................56
4.2.1 DECT system characteristics...............................................................................................................................56
4.2.2 UMTS1800 system characteristics.......................................................................................................................57
4.2.3 Interference analysis between UMTS1800 and DECT.........................................................................................58
4.2.4 Interference analysis and simulation results........................................................................................................59
4.2.5 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................61
4.3 COMPATIBILITY CONSIDERATION BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND METSAT ..................................................................61
4.3.1 Main characteristics of METSAT.........................................................................................................................61
4.3.2 Interference analysis considerations....................................................................................................................62
4.3.3 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................63
4.4 COMPATIBILITY CONSIDERATION BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND RADIO MICROPHONES.................................................63
4.4.1 Main characteristics of Radio Microphones........................................................................................................63
4.4.2 Interference analysis............................................................................................................................................65
4.4.3 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................65
4.5 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND FIXED SERVICES........................................................................65
4.6 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................................65
5 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................66
ANNEX 1 - GSM900 AND UMTS900 ACLR PROFILES...............................................................................................67
ANNEX 2 - INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATION WITH MCL APPROACH FOR THE CO-
EXISTENCE BETWEEN UMTS900 AND GSM-R...........................................................................................................69
ANNEX 3 - ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................................................76
ECC REPORT 96
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ECC REPORT 96
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2 INTRODUCTION
UMTS networks have been widely deployed in the frequency band 1920-1980 MHz/2110-2170 MHz), however, there are
still sparsely populated and remote areas where there are difficulties to provide IMT-2000/UMTS services in a cost-
efficient way. UMTS deployment in the 900 MHz band can facilitate the provision of the expected IMT-2000/UMTS
services to users in those areas. The main interest for European mobile operators to deploy UMTS in the 900 MHz band is
the larger coverage compared to UMTS in the 2000 MHz band. UMTS900 offers a considerably more cost effective
solution for providing UMTS services in rural area with low population density.
The total bandwidth of the 1800 MHz frequency band is 2x 75 MHz. In some countries, the 1800 MHz band is not totally
used by GSM systems, especially in low population density rural areas. Part of the 1800 MHz band may become a
complementary band for deploying UMTS, where the interest for mobile operators to deploy UMTS comes also from the
fact that it is easy to share the same GSM1800 radio sites by UMTS systems operating in 1800 MHz band.
The 900 MHz band and 1800 MHz band have been allocated to GSM systems in Europe and they are widely used. As
deployment of UMTS (UTRA-FDD) systems in the 900 MHz band and 1800 MHz band does not mean the replacement of
GSM systems by UMTS, good compatibility between UMTS and GSM in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands is important
and necessary. ECC Report 82 deals with the compatibility study for UMTS deployed in the GSM900 and GSM1800
frequency bands. The deployment scenarios of UMTS900/1800 and potential interference between UMTS and GSM
operating in adjacent channels have been described in ECC Report 82.
European frequency allocation tables indicate that several systems are using frequency bands adjacent to UMTS900/1800
(GSM900/1800) systems, and several ERC and ECC Reports have been developed on the compatibility between
GSM900/1800 and systems operating in adjacent bands. The intention of this report is to deal with the compatibility study
between UMTS900/1800 and systems operating in adjacent bands.
This report gives the relevant parameters of systems operating in adjacent bands of UMTS900/1800, which are needed in
interference studies. The interference problems are investigated by both deterministic and statistical approaches. Some
scenarios are studied with detailed simulations and analysis, for example the interference scenarios between UMTS900 and
GSM-R and the interference scenarios between UMTS1800 and DECT, whereas the potential interference analysis for
several other cases are considered and derived from the existing ERC and ECC Reports for GSM900/1800.
In this report, chapter 3 is dedicated to the compatibility study between UMTS900 and systems operating in its adjacent
bands. The compatibility study between UMTS1800 and the adjacent band systems is described in chapter 4.
3 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS900 AND SYSTEMS OPERATING IN ADJACENT
BANDS
3.1 Systems operating in adjacent bands
All systems operating in bands adjacent to UMTS900 and addressed in this report are summarized in table 3-1 below.
Frequency (MHz) System Note
876-880 GSM-R (UL)
880-915 GSM900 (UL)
UMTS900 (UL)
Including E-GSM and P-GSM
915-921 PMR/PAMR (DL)
921-925 GSM-R (DL)
925-960 GSM900 (DL)
UMTS900 (DL)
Including E-GSM and P-GSM
960-1164 Aeronautical
Radionavigation
Communication systems
DME/TACAN
MIDS (Military / NATO)
ECC REPORT 96
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Table 3-1: Systems operating in adjacent bands of UMTS900
The sharing studies between UMTS900 and the following systems operating in adjacent bands were considered:
1) GSM-R
2) PMR/PAMR (e.g. TETRA, TAPS, CDMA)
3) DME
4) MIDS
The interference analysis between UMTS900 and GSM-R is described in section 3.2. Section 3.3 gives a brief description
of the interference analysis between UMTS900 and PMR/PAMR. The co-existence scenario and the interference analysis
between UMTS900 and aeronautical system DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) is described in section 3.4. The
interference analysis between UMTS900 and MIDS is described in section 3.5. The conclusion is given in section 3.6.
At the same time aeronautical radionavigation systems are operating in the frequency band 862-960 MHz in some countries
(see 5.323 Radio Regulations). Compatibility studies with these systems were not considered in this Report.
3.2 Compatibility study between UMTS900 and GSM-R
The UMTS900 frequency band is arranged as:
Uplink (UE transmit, BS receive): 880 915 MHz
Downlink (BS transmit, UE receive): 925 960 MHz
Carrier separation: 5 MHz
The GSM-R frequency band is arranged as:
Uplink (MS transmit, BS receive): 876 880 MHz
Downlink (BS transmit, MS receive): 921 925 MHz
Carrier separation: 200 kHz
The frequency band plans for GSM-R and UMTS are shown in figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1: Frequency band plan for GSM-R and UMTS in 900 MHz band
3.2.1 GSM-R system characteristics
Details of the GSM-R RF performance and system parameters can be found in 3GPP technical specification TS45.005 [6].
See also [22]. The main GSM-R system characteristics are summarized in tables 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, and 3-5.
UL
UMTS-UL
880 MHz
915 MHz
925 MHz 960 MHz
876 MHz
RGSM-UL
UMTS-DL
921 MHz
RGSM-DL UL
UMTS-UL
880 MHz
915 MHz
925 MHz 960 MHz
876 MHz
RGSM-UL
UMTS-DL
921 MHz
RGSM-DL
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GSM-R
Frequency band (UL) (MHz) 876-880
Frequency band (DL) (MHz) 921-925
Carrier separation (kHz) 200
Modulation GMSK
BS-MS MCL (dB) 60 (urban area)
70 (rural area)
Typical cell range (km) 8
BS Hand portable
MS
Train Mounted
MS
Maximum Tx power (W) 30 2 8
Thermal noise (dBm) -121 -121 -121
Noise figure (dB) 5 9 7
Noise floor (dBm) -116 -112 -114
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -110 -102 -104
Receiver protection ratio (dB) 9 9 9
Antenna height (m) 20 (Urban)
45 (Rural)
1.5 4.5
Antenna gain (dBi) 18 0 2
Feeder loss (dB) 3 0 0
Spectrum mask and spurious
emissions
3GPP TS45.005 3GPP TS45.005
Table 3-2: Main GSM-R system parameters
BS Tx
power
(dBm)
100
(kHz)
200
(kHz)
250
(kHz)
400
(kHz)
600 1 200 1 800 6 000
< 1 200
(kHz)
< 1 800
(kHz)
< 6 000
(kHz) (kHz)
43 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -70 -73 -75 -80
41 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -68 -71 -73 -80
39 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -66 -69 -71 -80
37 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -64 -67 -69 -80
35 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -62 -65 -67 -80
33 +0,5 -30 -33 -60* -60 -63 -65 -80
NOTE: * For equipment supporting 8-PSK, the requirement for 8-PSK modulation is
-56 dB.
Table 3-3: Spectrum mask of GSM-R BTS*
*Note: The values given in this table are the maximum allowed level (dB) relative to a measurement in 30 kHz on the
carrier as defined in 3GPP TS45.005 [6].
ECC REPORT 96
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BS MS
General requirement -36 dBm* -36 dBm*
Co-siting with GSM900 -89 dBm/100 kHz
Table 3-4: Spurious emission of GSM-R MS
* measurement band depends on the carrier separation, which is defined in TS45.005 [6].
Frequency GSM-R
band other MS small MS BTS
dBV dBm dBV dBm dBV dBm
(emf) (emf) (emf)
In-band
600 kHz |f-f
o
|< 800 kHz 75 -38 70 -43 87 -26
800 kHz |f-f
o
|< 1,6 MHz 80 -33 70 -43 97 -16
1,6 MHz |f-f
o
| < 3 MHz 90 -23 80 -33 97 -16
3 MHz |f-f
o
| 90 -23 90 -23 100 -13
out-of-band
(a) 113 0 113 0 121 8
(b) - - - - - -
(c) - - - - - -
(d) 113 0 113 0 121 8
Table 3-5: Blocking characteristics of GSM-R
The cases (a), (b), (c), (d) are defined in 3GPP TS45.005 [6].
3.2.2 Interference analysis based on the comparison of out-of-band emissions between UMTS and GSM
3.2.2.1 Introduction
GSM has been deployed over many years and GSM-R has been deployed in some European countries, and no problem of
interference from GSM emissions into GSM-R has been raised so far. This section deals with the comparison of out-of-
band emissions between GSM and UMTS. The comparison of emission masks is very helpful in evaluating the potential
interference from UMTS900 to GSM-R.
3.2.2.2 Comparison of UMTS900 and GSM900 out-of-band emissions
Definition of out-of-band emissions
Out-of-band emissions are defined in the GSM900 and UMTS900 technical specifications. The ACLR (Adjacent Channel
power Leakage Ratio) can be obtained by the integration of the spectrum mask over 200 kHz, the ACLR profiles of
GSM900 and UMTS900 are given in Annex 1.
Assumptions
In practical GSM deployment, a sector of a GSM site has several emitters (TRX) and thus, is using several 200 kHz GSM
carriers over a band of 5 MHz, in order to meet the capacity requirement. It is therefore intended to derive the GSM900
out-of-band emissions with several GSM channels being aggregated.
Current GSM networks use a 1x3 re-use scheme for TCH channels; in other words, each TRX is using one carrier
randomly chosen among a list of three carriers. For instance, a tri-sector GSM900 base-station using 3 TRX is using 3
GSM frequency carriers. As a consequence, it can be assumed that a GSM sector is using three carriers over 5 MHz. The
ECC REPORT 96
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case of three GSM carriers will be taken into account in the comparison of out-of-band emissions between GSM and
UMTS.
Figure 3-2 below shows the spectral occupancy for the case where the GSM deployment is using a 1x3 frequency re-use
scheme and three TRX are implemented in a sector with three 200 kHz carriers. It is assumed that the GSM carriers are
equally distributed. A worst case scenario would be where all the GSM carriers are located close to the GSM-R allocation,
whereas the best scenario in terms of interference would be to have the three carriers as far as possible from the GSM-R
allocation.
GSM-R carrier GSM900 carrier
200 kHz
guard band
5 MHz
GSM Allocation GSM-R Allocation
GSM900 carrier GSM900 carrier GSM-R carrier GSM900 carrier
200 kHz
guard band
5 MHz
GSM Allocation GSM-R Allocation
GSM900 carrier GSM900 carrier
Figure 3-2: Spectral occupancy of an E-GSM sector over 5 MHz
Comparison of BS out-of-band emissions
2,6 3,0 2,8 3,4 3,2 3,6 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,4 4,6
GSM-R/UMTS carrier separation
4,8
GSM-R/GSM carrier separation
Figure 3-3: Comparison of the BS out-of-band emissions
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Figure 3-3 gives the out-of-band emissions when three GSM channels are deployed as shown in figure 3-2. The GSM out-
of-band profile is compared with the UMTS spectrum mask. The transmitting power of both GSM and UMTS BSs are
fixed as 43 dBm.
Figure 3-3 shows the out-of-band emissions when the UMTS sector is transmitting at Pmin, Pmax and also when the cell
load is at 50 %, where Pmin is the transmitting power of common channels, and the transmitter power at cell load of 50% is
calculated by the addition of common channel powers and the transmitting power for traffic channels at 50% cell load. It
should be noted that in the GSM mask, after 2 MHz carrier separation, it enters the spurious emission domain.
GSM BS BCCH channels maximum transmitting power does not depend on the traffic load in the cell and is fixed at its
maximum power. On other traffic channels there may be a reduction in mean transmitted power when power control is
used, which can be further reduced by the use of DTX. UMTS BS transmitting power is dependent on the traffic load,
where usually 10% of the BS power is allocated to the common channel (Pilot, Synch, etc) and the rest of the BS Tx power
is allocated to the traffic, depending on the cell load.
When the traffic load is zero, then the Pmin = 10% of the BS transmitting power, when traffic load is 50%, the BS Tx
Power = (10% +50%x90%) x Maximum TX BS Power; thus TxPower = 55% x Maximum TX BS Power or TxPower = 43
dBm 2.6 dB = 40.4 dBm.
It should be noted that 50% of cell load is the reference cell load in UMTS network design, whereas in rural areas the
reference cell load could be lower than 30% in a coverage driven design. When the cell load is 100%, then the UMTS BS
will transmit at its maximum power Pmax.
It should be noted that 3GPP technical specification TS25.104 and ETSI specification TS125104 defined only the UMTS
BS spectrum mask and out-of-band emission limits at the maximum transmitting power. The out-of-band emissions at
reduced transmitting power Pmin and P(50%) are calculated under the assumption that the UMTS BS spectrum mask
(ACLR) is the same as that at Pmax as defined in ERC Report 68.
It can be seen from the curves in figure 3-3 that at 2.8 MHz carrier separation the out-of-band emission of UMTS is lower
than that of GSM900 at 400 kHz carrier separation, and at 3 MHz carrier separation it is above the GSM900 BS out-of-
band emission at 600 kHz.
Comparison of Terminal out-of-band emissions
Figure 3-4 below gives the comparison of out-of-band emissions between UMTS UE and GSM MS, where the cumulative
effect of three GSM channels as shown in Figure 3-3 was taken into account in the calculation of GSM MS out-of-band
emissions. It should be noted that the variation in locations of the GSM MS relative to the UMTS UE are ignored as this
will average out. The GSM900 terminal power is fixed at 33 dBm and the UMTS900 terminal power at 21 dBm.
2,6 3,0 2,8 3,4 3,2 3,6 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,4 4,6
GSM-R/UMTS carrier separation
GSM-R/GSM carrier separation
Figure 3-4: Comparison of the Terminal out-of-band emissions (Pmax)
ECC REPORT 96
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Without taking into account the power control effect, figure 3-4 shows that at 2.8 MHz carrier separation UMTS UE out-
of-band emission is at the same level as GSM900 MS, at 3.0 MHz carrier separation it is higher, but still below the out-of-
band emission of GSM900 MS at 400 kHz carrier separation.
Implementing power control in GSM900 and UMTS900 terminals helps to reduce emission levels drastically. ECC Report
82 (Compatibility Study For UMTS Operating within the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 Frequency Bands) provides the CDF
(Cumulative Distribution Function) of UMTS900 UE transmit power. For outdoor UE, it should be noted that 90% of
terminals transmit at a power level lower than -23 dBm and 50 % at a power level lower than -32 dBm. It should also be
noted that GSM MS power control is much less fast and less efficient compared to UMTS UE power control.
3.2.2.3 Analysis summary
The comparison of out-of-band emissions between GSM900 and UMTS900 shows that the UMTS900 and GSM900 out-of-
band emissions do not present significant difference, which means that UMTS900 should not a priori cause more
interference than GSM900.
GSM-R has been deployed in many European countries, although experience with uncoordinated use adjacent to the lowest
E-GSM frequencies is limited.
Based on the comparison of out-of-band emissions between GSM900 and UMTS900, a 2.8 MHz carrier separation
between UMTS carrier and the nearest GSM-R carrier is a priori sufficient to ensure the protection of GSM-R based on the
above approach.
3.2.3 Interference analysis with MCL approach
3.2.3.1 Introduction
This section deals with the interference analysis between UMTS900 and GSM-R using an MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)
approach. The interference analysis described in this section covers both in-band blocking and out-of-band blocking.
3.2.3.2 Interference analysis results
3.2.3.2.1 Out-of-band emissions
Using the out-of-band emission figures (UMTS BS Pmax out-of-band emission curve) described in Section 3.2.2 the
exclusion distances have been calculated with an MCL approach for the protection of GSM-R.
3.2.3.2.2 Interference analysis results
UMTS BS to GSM-R MS
The calculations are provided in Annex 2, Part A. Case 1 (based on the Hata-Okumura model) shows that the interference
distances for a GSM-R MS operating at minimum GSM-R network design signal level are 3.6 km for speech and 4.4 km
for data in the highest GSM-R channel; and 1.8 km for speech and 2.2 km for data in the fourth channel.
Even moving to beyond the fourth channel will give interference distances of 1.5 km and 1.9 km for speech and data
respectively.
This problem can be reduced by the addition of filters in the UMTS BS, however this is unlikely to solve the problem for
the highest GSM-R channel unless the filter response is very sharp.
It should be noted that no account has been taken of the effect of multiple UMTS transmitters in these calculations.
Two alternative calculations are given as additional examples in Annex 2. On Case 1bis the assumptions for the calculation
are considered as more conservative in order to address critical situations (including contribution of direct line of sight).
One other example of calculations is provided Part B of Annex 2 for the cases where the GSM-R network is noise-limited
and interference-limited.
The blocking performance of GSM-R mobiles is defined in EN300910. For the GSM-R MS it is defined as -38 dBm for
600-800 kHz carrier separation and this figure has been used below. However, it should be noted that when the difference
between the centre of the GSM-R and UMTS channel is set at 2.8 MHz (band edge separation of 200 kHz) then the
interference will be in-band and a worse blocking performance will be experienced.
As shown in Annex 2 - Part A, Case 2, this equates to a distance of 420 m for the high power UMTS BS. If the fading
margin is ignored, the blocking distance rises to 830 m.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 14
UMTS BS to GSM-R BTS
Annex 2 - Part A, Case 3 covers the blocking of the GSM-R BTS by the high power UMTS900 BTS. This demonstrates
that blocking will occur at a distance of 664 m, increasing to 1.3 km if the fading margin is ignored.
Annex 2 - Part A, Case 4 shows that even a low power medium range UMTS BS in a micro-cellular deployment will cause
blocking at distances of 175 m, increasing to 320m if the fading margin is ignored.
Blocking of the GSM-R BTS could be reduced by applying filters at the GSM-R BTS.
The definition of receiver blocking is the effect of a strong out-of-band signal, present at the input of the receiver, on the
receivers ability to detect an in-band wanted signal. Thus, the blocking signal reduces the specified receiver sensitivity by
a certain number of dBs.
In the case of GSM-R BS receive/UMTS-BS transmitting, the blocking effects from a UMTS BS have to be compared with
what would occur from a GSM BTS.
Noting that the height of the antennas, tilt, gain, and sector aperture will be the same for GSM and UMTS BS, two elements
need to be considered:
- The max EIRP from the interferer and the resultant interfering level at the victim BS, including selectivity
properties of the receiver;
- The occurrence probability of blocking issues with regard to 2G/3G air interface refarming.
As gains are the same for both UMTS and GSM BS, we will just compare transmitting power of each technology. When
UMTS maximum transmit power is 43 dBm/3.84 MHz, GSM BS transmit power is 43 dBm/200 kHz with a number of
simultaneous channels transmitting, dependent on the size of band allocated to one operator and the frequency reuse factor.
It has to be noted that UMTS downlink is power controlled in order to reduce the transmitting power to between 33 and 43
dBm/3.84 MHz. GSM BS transmits at radio frequency channels without power control such as BCCH (Broadcast Common
Channel) channels using the full power of 43 dBm/200 kHz. Thus from a transmitting power point of view, GSM BS could
cause more severe blocking to GSM-R than UMTS BS.
Concerning occurrence probability, using the same cell sites, a GSM network with 4x12 frequency reuse factor for radio
frequency channels without power control and frequency hopping, 4x12 or 1x3 for TCH with or without frequency hopping
and power control, the probability to have a GSM BTS transmitting in close geographical vicinity of a GSM-R base
receiver will be the same as for a UMTS network with frequency re-use 1 scheme.
3.2.3.2.3 Analysis summary
Generally it is considered that the MCL method for interference analysis is the worst case where no system outage is
accepted, and consequently the results are usually pessimistic. In the interference analysis with MCL approach presented
above, the minimum allowed signal level used was the network design objective level of -98 dBm, and not the GSM-R MS
receiver sensitivity level, which allows for a small probability of outage at the limits of coverage.
From the interference analysis results shown above with MCL approach, it is apparent that considerable interference at
distances of greater than 2 km will be caused to GSM-R systems if the lower UMTS channels are used. This result will also
be applicable to lower power UMTS BS, although the interference distance is reduced to 170 m.
A reduction in the effects of out-of-band emissions can be achieved by applying filtering to the UMTS BS, but it is
considered that this will still require a suitable guard band.
The effect of blocking is more significant and requires that no high power UMTS900 BS is placed closer than 660 m to the
railway without coordination. Even low power micro-cells will need to be placed at a distance of at least 170 m, which will
rule out their deployment inside railway station areas.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 15
3.2.4 Interference analysis with Monte-Carlo simulations
3.2.4.1 UMTS900 and GSM-R deployment and co-existence scenarios
3.2.4.1.1 GSM-R deployment scenario
GSM-R networks offer a linear coverage of railway lines with bi-sector radio sites installed along the railway, as shown in
figure 3-5. The main system characteristics and network parameters are summarized in table 3-2.
Figure 3-5: GSM-R deployment scenario
Two major characteristics of GSM-R coverage are: 1) Linear coverage; 2) High quality coverage (95% space and time
availability). In Europe, most GSM-R networks are designed with a BS antenna height of about 30 m, and cell range is
around 5-6 km. The assumption of BS antenna height at 45 m and cell range at 8 km represents the worst case scenario for
the sharing study.
There are two types of GSM-R MS as described in table 3-2: 2W handset MS and 8W train mounted MS. As shown in
figure 3-6 below, the GSM-R 8W train mounted MS is the MS that is located inside the train, connected to the external MS
antenna mounted on the roof top of the train.

Figure 3-6: Connection between train mounted antenna and MS situated inside of the train
BTS BTS BTS
ECC REPORT 96
Page 16
3.2.4.1.2 UMTS900 deployment scenario
The main objective of UMTS deployment in the 900 MHz band is for coverage extension, but in urban areas the
deployment of UMTS in the 900 MHz band can also improve tremendously the indoor coverage quality. In rural areas the
deployment of UMTS in the 900 MHz band allows mobile network operators to offer 3G services at lower cost.
Figure 3-7: UMTS network layout
The typical UMTS900 deployment scenario considered in the sharing study with GSM-R is the rural area deployment with
cell range 2*R=5000 m, where the network layout is shown in figure 3-7.
3.2.4.1.3 Co-existence between UMTS900 and GSM-R
Based on the GSM-R and UMTS deployment scenarios described above, simulations were performed based on the co-
existence scenario shown in figure 3-8.
As shown in figure 3-5, GSM-R BS sites are placed along the railway, where the average distance between GSM-R BS
radio site and the railway is 20 m. The separation distance between the railway line and UMTS sites is represented by d0.
Table 3-6 below gives three typical distance shift r=d0/4330 m and the separation distances between railway line and the
nearest UMTS sites, where the distance 4330 m is obtained from 2*R*cos(30)=5000*cos(30)=4330 m, as shown in
figure 3-8.
Distance shift r
(r=d0/4330)
Separation distance
d0 (m)
0 0
0.5 2165
1 4330
Table 3-6: Distance between railway line and UMTS sites
The simulation was done with a quasi-static Monte-Carlo simulator. UMTS UEs are randomly distributed within the
UMTS900 coverage area, the reference UMTS network uplink and downlink capacities are simulated without the presence
of GSM-R network. The UMTS uplink capacity is obtained with the threshold of 6 dB noise rise, corresponding to 75%
cell load. Downlink capacity is simulated with the threshold of 5% outage.
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell radius R
Inter-site
distance 3*R
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
Cell range 2*R
UMTS
ECC REPORT 96
Page 17
Figure 3-8. UMTS900 and GSM-R Co-existence scenario
GSM-R MS are uniformly distributed on the railway line, GSM-R downlink channel is considered as radio frequency
channels without power control, but power control on uplink is activated in the simulations. The reference GSM-R
performance is the uplink and downlink outages without interference from UMTS. It should be noted that this co-existence
scenario is valid for rural environment.
It is important to note that these simulations didnt consider dynamic behavior of GSM-R (e.g. for the case of deployment
of high speed trains) and UMTS900 systems. Additional studies for those cases may be needed on a national basis, based
on practical experience.
3.2.4.2 Simulation assumptions
Simulation assumptions are summarized in table 3-7. These assumptions are similar to those used in the sharing study
between UMTS900 and GSM900 described in ECC Report 82[1].
Scenario UMTS(macro) - GSM-R(macro) in rural area in uncoordinated operation
Simulation cases
Two simulation cases : UMTS uplink as victim and GSM-R DL as victim
1) GSM-R Downlink
-GSM-R (radio frequency carrier without power control) as victim for train mounted
GSM-R MS
2) UMTS Uplink
- WCDMA UL as victim (Simulate GSM system, then add UMTS users until the total
noise rise hits 6 dB)
- GSM-R uplink power control is activated
-No frequency hopping for GSM-R
-Run simulations with various ACIRs between UMTS carrier and the nearest GSM-R
carrier for various space separations between UMTS radio site and railway (d0).
46
47 48
49
50 51
52
53 54
55
56 57
d0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x 10
4
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
4
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17 18
19
20 21
22
23 24
25
26 27
28
29 30
31
32 33
34
35 36
37
38 39
40
41 42
43
44 45
46
47 48
49
50 51
52
53 54
55
56 57
d0
46
47 48
49
50 51
52
53 54
55
56 57
d0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x 10
4
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
4
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17 18
19
20 21
22
23 24
25
26 27
28
29 30
31
32 33
34
35 36
37
46
47 48
49
50 51
52
53 54
55
56 57
d0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x 10
4
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
4
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17 18
19
20 21
22
23 24
25
26 27
28
29 30
31
32 33
34
35 36
37
38 39
40
41 42
43
44 45
46
47 48
49
50 51
52
53 54
55
56 57
d0
ECC REPORT 96
Page 18
Network layout As shown in figure 3-8 above
- Rural environment
- 3-sector configuration for UMTS network
- bisector configuration for GSM-R network
- GSM-R frequency reuse 6, as shown in figure3-9.
-19 sites (i.e., 57 cells (sectors)) with wrap-around for UMTS
- UMTS Cell radius R=2500m, cell range 2R=5000m, inter-site distance 3R= 7500 m
(as shown in figure 3-7)
-GSM-R cell range : 8 km
-Distance between GSM-R radio site and railway: 20 m
System
parameters
WCDMA BS antenna gain with cable loss included = 15dBi
BS antenna height Hbs=45 m;
UE antenna height Hms=1.5 m
BS-UE MCL=80 dB
BS antenna(65 horizontal opening) radiation pattern is referred to 3GPP
TR 25.896 V6.0.0 (2004-03), Section A.3 (Annex)
UE antenna gain 0 dBi (omni-directional pattern)
GSM-R BS antenna gain with cable loss included = 15dBi
MS antenna height Hms=4.5 m (train mounted MS)
BS-MS MCL=70.5 dB
BS antenna(65 horizontal opening) radiation pattern is referred to 3GPP
TR 25.896 V6.0.0 (2004-03), Section A.3 (Annex)
Train mounted MS antenna gain 2 dBi (omni-directional pattern)
Services WCDMA 8 kbps Speech (chip rate: 3.84 Mcps)
o Eb/Nt target (downlink): 7.9 dB
o Eb/Nt target (uplink): 6.1 dB
GSM-R Speech
SINR target (downlink): 9 dB for speech and 12 dB for data
SINR target (uplink): 6 dB
Propagation
model
WCDMA
and GSM-R
Log_normal_Fading = 10 dB
Rural area propagation model (Hata model)
L (R)= 69.55 +26.16 log f13.82log(Hb)+[44.9-6.55log(Hb)]logR 4.78(Log
f)
2
+18.33 log f -40.94 a(Hm)
Hb is BS antenna height above ground in m, f is frequency in MHz, R is
distance in km, Hm is the MS antenna height in m.
a (Hm) = [1.1*log(f) - 0.7]*Hm - [1.56*log(f) - 0.8]

With Hb=45m, Hm=1.5m, f=920 MHz, the propagation model for UMTS UE
is simplified as
L1( R) =34.1*log(R) + 95.6
With Hb=45m, Hm=4.5m, f=920 MHz, the propagation model for GSM-R MS
is simplified as
L2( R) =34.1*log(R) + 87.9
The path loss from a transmitter antenna connector to a receiver antenna
connector (including both antenna gains and cable losses) will be determined
by:
Path_Loss = max (L(R) + Log_normal_Fading - G_Tx G_Rx,
Free_Space_Loss + Log_normal_Fading - G_Tx G_Rx, MCL)
where
G_Tx is the transmitter antenna gain in the direction toward the receiver
ECC REPORT 96
Page 19
antenna, which takes into account the transmitter antenna pattern and cable
loss,
G_Rx is the receiver antenna gain in the direction toward the transmitter
antenna, which takes into account the receiver antenna pattern and cable loss,
Log_normal_Fading is the shadowing fade following the log-normal
distribution.
Cell selection WCDMA As per 3GPP TR 25.942
GSM-R As for WCDMA in 3GPP TR 25.942, but with only one link selected at random
within a 3 dB handover margin
SIR
calculation
WCDMA As per TR 25.942, except for the following changes:
Interference contributions from GSM TRXs or MSs are added to the total
noise-plus-interference.
Processing gain is changed to 26.8 dB for 8 kbps
Thermal noise level is -103 dBm for uplink
Thermal noise level is raised to -96 dBm for downlink
GSM-R Total noise-plus-interference is sum of thermal noise, GSM-R co-channel, and
WCDMA interference. Cells are synchronised on a time slot basis. Adjacent
channel GSM interference is neglected.
Noise floor (downlink): -111 dBm
Noise floor (uplink): -113 dBm
Power
Control
assumption
WCDMA As per 3GPP TR 25.942
21 dBm terminals
Maximum BS power: 43 dBm
Maximum power per DL traffic channel: 30 dBm
Minimum BS power per user: 15 dBm.
Minimum UE power: 50 dBm.
Total CCH power: 33 dBm
GSM-R Stabilization algorithm same as for WCDMA (C/I based) with a margin of 5
dB added to the SIR target.
Maximum power (TRx): 43 dBm
Minimum power (TRx): 10 dBm (radio frequency carrier with power
control)
Maximum power (MS): 39 dBm
Minimum power (MS): 5 dBm
Capacity WCDMA Capacity loss versus ACIR as per 3GPP TR 25.942
GSM-R Load to maximum number of users and observe change in outage (i.e., 0.5 dB
less than SINR target)
ACIR WCDMA to
GSM-R
As per spectrum masks defined in TS 25.101, TS 25.104 (applying the
appropriate measurement BW correction), unless capacity loss is found to be
significant.
GSM-R
(dB) ) ( ) ( ) ACIR(
0 0
f f m f C f +
GSM-R BTS to WCDMA UE:
Consider 3GPP TS45005 GSM BTS transmitter emission mask for 900 band
and WCDMA UE receiver selectivity slope, m = 0.8 dB / 200 kHz
GSM-R MS to WCDMA BS:
Consider 3GPP TS45005 GSM-R MS transmitter emission mask for 900 band
and WCDMA BS receiver characteristics, m = 0.5 dB / 200 kHz
Table 3-7: Summary of simulation parameters for the co-existence between UMTS900 and GSM-R
ECC REPORT 96
Page 20
Figure 3-9: GSM-R frequency reuse
GSM-R carriers arrangement relative to UMTS carrier and the GSM-R frequency re-use plan are given in figure 3-9.
3.2.4.3 Interference analysis method
Interference between UMTS operating in the 900 MHz band and GSM-R was analyzed with the method of Monte-Carlo
simulations. The same simulation tools used for the sharing study between UMTS900 and GSM900 as described in ECC
Report 82[2] was used for performing simulations for the co-existence between UMTS900 and GSM-R based on the co-
existence scenario described above.
The objective of Monte-Carlo simulations is to determine the interference between UMTS900 and GSM-R at different
carrier separations and at different space separations between the railway line and UMTS sites.
ACIR values for UMTS DL/UL as victims and for the GSM system (used in this study as GSM-R) DL/UL as victims at
carrier separations of 2.8 MHz and 4.8 MHz are calculated and described in the ECC Report 82 [1]. They are summarized
in tables 3-8 and 3-9.
Carrier separation 2.8 MHz 4.8 MHz
UMTS UL
as victim
UMTS DL
as victim
UMTS UL
as victim
UMTS DL
as victim
ACIR (dB) 43.1 30.5 > 47.4 > 30.5
Table 3-8: ACIR for UMTS UL/DL as victim when being interfered by GSM-R UL/DL
Carrier separation 2.8 MHz 4.8 MHz
GSM-R UL as
victim
GSM-R DL as
victim
GSM-R UL as
victim
GSM-R DL as
victim
ACIR (dB) 31.3 50 43.3 63
Table 3-9: ACIR for GSM-R UL/DL as victim when being interfered by UMTS UL/DL
Two simulation cases were studied:
1) GSM-R DL outage degradation based on C/I threshold due to interference from UMTS BS.
2) UMTS uplink capacity loss due to interference from GSM-R 8 W train mounted MS.
f2 f6 f4 f1 f3 f5 f2 f6 f4 f1 f3 f5
f1
f6
f5 f4 f2
f0
f f3
2.8 MHz
f1
f6
f5 f4 f2
f0
f f3
2.8 MHz
ECC REPORT 96
Page 21
3.2.4.4 Simulation results
3.2.4.4.1 Probability of GSM-R DL outage (%)
The simulated GSM-R DL outage with speech service C/I=9 dB without interference from UMTS based on the frequency
reuse plan given in figure 3-9 is nearly zero. The probability of GSM-R DL outage (C/I=9 dB) as a function of ACIR
between UMTS carrier and the nearest GSM-R carrier for different space separation distances between UMTS BS site and
railway line (d0 as indicated on figure 3-8 and distance shift r in table 3-6) was simulated. The simulation curves for
different distance offsets are plotted in figure 3-10.
Figure 3-10. Probability of GSM-R DL Outage (%) (C/I=9 dB)
As shown in figure 3-10, at the operating point ACIR=50 dB which corresponds to a carrier separation of 2.8 MHz between
the UMTS carrier and the nearest GSM-R carrier, the GSM-R DL outage probability is smaller than 0.15% for the worst
case when UMTS sites are co-aligned with GSM-R railway sites. When UMTS sites are not on the railway track, the
interference is even smaller. When the railway and UMTS sites are separated by 2165 m, GSM-R DL outage probability is
smaller than 0.045%, and when the separation distance is 4330 m, the GSM-R DL outage probability is below 0.015%.
From the simulation results, it can be considered that the interference from UMTS DL to GSM-R DL train-mounted MS is
under acceptable level, and that no additional guard band is required for the protection of GSM-R DL. Thus UMTS can be
deployed in the same geographical area with a carrier separation of 2.8 MHz between the UMTS carrier and the nearest
GSM-R carrier.
For the co-existence scenario between UMTS900 and GSM-R described in section 3.2.4.1 and simulation assumptions
described in section 3.2.4.2, simulations on the interference from UMTS900 DL to GSM-R DL reception of train mounted
MS have been performed with CEPT simulation tool SEAMCAT 3 (Version 3.1.36.2) for the thresholds of C/I=9 dB and
C/I=12 dB, the simulation results are presented in figure 3-10a. The considered carrier separation between UMTS carrier
and the nearest GSM-R carrier is 2.8 MHz.
The SEAMCAT scenario file for this study is attached to this report (can be found at the website http://www.ero.dk/ next to
the downloadable file of this report).
ECC REPORT 96
Page 22
Probability of simulated C/I on GSM-R DL
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0 2165 4330
Separation distance between Railway line and UMTS sites
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
%
)
P(C/I<=9 dB) (%)
P(C/I<=12dB) (%)
Figure 3-10a: Probability of simulated C/I on GSM-R DL due to interference from UMTS900 BS
The simulation results given in the figure 3-10a simulated with Seamcat show that for the probability of C/I9 dB is
smaller than 0.02%, and that of C/I12 dB is smaller than 0.1%, which is below the required 0.5%.
Additional studies have been carried out in order to assess the worst-case situations corresponding to the GSM-R devices at
the cell-edge. The considered carrier separation between UMTS and nearest GSM is 2.8 MHz.
Two distinct scenarios have been investigated. The first one is based on the scenario described in section 3.2.4.1 and
3.2.4.2, in which the BTS antenna height is fixed at 45 m and the GSM-R cell range is 8 km. The distance between the
GSM-R BTS and the GSM-R train mounted MS (Hms=4.5m) is randomly drawn between 7 and 8 km for the different
snapshots, in order to simulate the situation in which the GSM-R train mounted MS is far from the serving base station and
is at the cell edge. The figure below shows this worst case GSM-R configuration simulated in Seamcat.
0 km 7 km 8 km
GSM-R devices
randomly drawn
Figure 3-10b: Position of GSM-R train mounted MS relative to the serving BS
ECC REPORT 96
Page 23
An additional scenario was also considered; the antenna height is reduced to 25 m, as well as the cell range to 5 km. For
this case, the GSM-R train mounted MSs are randomly distributed between 4 and 5 km in order to simulate the situation in
which the GSM-R train mounted MS is far from the serving base station and is close to the cell edge.
For both scenarios, the distance between UMTS sites and GSM-R railway is 0, i.e. the UMTS BS sites are placed along the
railway. (see figure 3-8 in section 3.2.4.1.3).
The following table gives the simulated probability of interference from UMTS900 BS to the GSM-R train mounted MS
when considering a C/I ratio of respectively 9 dB and 12 dB.
Antenna height Position of GSM-R
Users
Separation distance
between UMTS BS and
Railway
C/I (GSM-R
DL)
Probability
of
interference
45 m 7-8 km 0 12 dB 0.25 %
9 dB 0.06 %
25 m 4-5 km 0 12 dB 0.14 %
9 dB 0.04 %
Table 3-9a: Probability of interference from UMTS900 BS to GSM-R train mounted MS
It can be seen that even for the C/I of 12 dB, the probability of interference is smaller than 0.25 %, which is below the
required 0.5% outage level.
3.2.4.4.2 UMTS UL Capacity Loss (%)
Simulation results of UMTS uplink capacity loss (%) as a function of ACIR between the UMTS carrier and the nearest
GSM-R carrier for different distance offsets are plotted in figure 3-11.
As shown in figure 3-11, at the operating point ACIR=43.1 dB (which corresponds to a carrier separation of 2.8 MHz
between the UMTS carrier and the nearest GSM-R carrier), the UMTS UL capacity loss due to interference from GSM-R
train mounted MS is smaller than 1.5%, for the worst case when UMTS sites are co-aligned with GSM-R railway (i.e. with
distance offset r=0). When UMTS sites are not co-aligned with the railway track, the interference is even smaller. When the
railway and UMTS sites are separated by 2165 m or 4330 m, UMTS UL capacity loss is smaller than 0.3%.
It should be noted that the UMTS uplink capacity loss is simulated for the whole UMTS network, some of the UMTS cells
are more impacted by the interference from GSM-R UL than other cells. Cell no. 31 (one of the nearest cell to railway
track) in the network layout shown in figure 3-8 was found to be the worst cell. The UMTS uplink cell capacity loss for a
single cell can not be easily simulated, but it can be calculated based on the received noise rise recorded for a specific cell;
using the N-pole capacity formula with 75% reference cell load, the uplink cell capacity loss can be estimated. The
obtained UL cell capacity loss for cell no.31 is 1.95%, for the case when UMTS sites are co-aligned with the railway track
(r=0).
Figure 3-11: UMTS UL capacity loss (%) due to interference from GSM-R UL
ECC REPORT 96
Page 24
As described in the above section, GSM-R UL power control is activated in the simulations. The simulated GSM-R train
mounted MS Tx power distribution is plotted in figure 3-12. It can be seen that only 0.5% of MS transmit at maximum
power of 39 dBm.
R-GSM MS Tx Power Distribution (TxP<=P0)
96
96.5
97
97.5
98
98.5
99
99.5
100
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Tx Power P0 (dBm)
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
T
x
P
<
=
P
0
)

(
%
)
Figure 3-12: Simulated GSM-R train mounted MS Tx power distribution
If GSM-R UL power control is not activated, all GSM-R train mounted MS will transmit at maximum power of 39 dBm.
For the case of UMTS sites being placed aligned with the railway track or close to the railway track, the impact on UMTS
UL capacity loss due to interference from GSM-R train mounted MS could become much more important. In that case,
UMTS operators may need to take care of that problem by using site engineering solutions to reduce the potential
interference from GSM-R UL when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to GSM-R band.
3.2.4.5 Analysis summary
Under the assumptions described above, the Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the impact on GSM-R DL by the
potential interference from UMTS DL is very low, and a carrier separation of 2.8 MHz between the UMTS900 carrier and
the nearest GSM-R carrier should be enough. When GSM-R UL power is used, the simulation results indicate the
UMTS900 network capacity loss is below 5% even though some of the UMTS900 cells near the railway track will have
more capacity loss than other cells. In the case where GSM-R uplink power control is not used, the simulation results show
that much more capacity loss on UMTS UL can occur, especially for the cells located near the railway track.
3.2.5 Conclusions
Based on the co-existence scenarios between UMTS900 and GSM-R, the simulation assumptions described in section
3.2.4, and the simulation results and analysis on GSM-R DL outage probability and UMTS UL capacity loss, the following
conclusions can be made:

UMTS900 can be deployed in the same geographical area in co-existence with GSM-R as follows:
power UMTS BS close to the railway tracks, blocking etc, which would lead to assumption of possible direct line of
sight coupling) the MCL calculations demonstrate that coordination is needed for a certain range of distances (up to 4
km or more from railway track).
on UMTS UL capacity could be important when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the GSM-
ECC REPORT 96
Page 25
R band. However, it has to be recognized that this is only applicable in low speed areas as elsewhere the use of uplink
control in GSM-R will cause significantly increased call drop out rates.
band, where site engineering measures and/or better* filtering capabilities (providing additional coupling loss in order
to match the requirements defined for the critical/specific cases) may be needed in order to install UMTS sites close to
the railway track when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the GSM-R band.
It has to be noted that this study did not address tunnel coverage. Site sharing, which is expected to improve the
coexistence, has not been studied either.
3.3 Compatibility consideration between UMTS900 and PMR/PAMR
3.3.1 Characteristics of PMR/PAMR systems
Several radio systems will potentially use the PMR/PAMR frequency band, such as TETRA, CDMA PAMR, TAPS, etc.
3.3.1.1 CDMA PAMR system characteristics
The system description of CDMA PAMR can be found in ETSI harmonized standard EN 301 449 for CDMA PAMR [8].
The main CDMA PAMR system characteristics are summarized in tables 3-10 to 3-15.
CDMA PAMR
Carrier separation (MHz) 1.25
Modulation QPSK/BPSK
BS-MS MCL (dB) 70 (Urban area)
80 (Rural area)
BS MS
Maximum Tx power (dBm) 43 23
Thermal noise (dBm) -113 -113
Noise figure (dB) 5 9
Noise floor (dBm) -108 -104
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -119 -114
40 (Rural)
1.5
Antenna gain (dBi) 17 0
Feeder loss (dB) 2 0
ACS (dB) 55 68
Table 3-10: Main CDMA PAMR system parameters
ECC REPORT 96
Page 26
For|f|Withinthe
Range
Applicability EmissionLimit
750 to 885 KHz Single Carrier -45-15(|f|-750)/135 dBc in 30 kHz
885 to 1125 KHz Single Carrier -60-5(|f|-885)/240 dBc in 30 kHz
1.125 to 1.98 MHz Single Carrier -65 dBc / 30kHz
4.00 to 6.00 MHz Single and Multiple Carrier -36 dBm / 100kHz
> 45.00 MHz Single and Multiple Carrier
-36 dBm / 1 kHz;
-36 dBm / 10
kHz;
-36 dBm / 100
kHz
-30 dBm / 1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz
Table 3-11: CDMA PAMR BS spectrum mask (Transmitter unwanted emission limits for Band Class 12)
Forfwithintherange|
f|WithintheRange
Applicability EmissionLimit
>6.00 MHz Single and Multiple Carrier -61 dBm / 100kHz
Table 3-12: Additional BS Transmitter unwanted emission limits for Band Class 12
within the frequency range 876-915 MHz
For |f| Within the Range Emission Limit
885 kHz to 1.125 MHz -47 7 (|f| 885) / 235 dBc in 30 kHz
1.125 MHz to 1.98 MHz -54 13 (|f| 1120) / 860 dBc in 30 kHz
1.98 MHz to 4.00 MHz -67 15 (|f| 1980) / 2020 dBc in 30 kHz
4.00 MHz to 10.0 MHz -51 dBm in 100 kHz
>10.0 MHz -36 dBm/1 kHz;
-36 dBm/10 kHz;-36
dBm/100 kHz;-30
dBm/1 MHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz150
kHz < f < 30 MHz30 MHz
< f < 1 GHz1 GHz < f <
12,75 GHz
Table 3-13: CDMA PAMR MS Spectrum mask (Unwanted emission limits for mobile stations)
Frequency Maximum E.R.P/
reference bandwidth
30 MHz f < 1 000 MHz -36 dBm/100 kHz
1 GHz f < 12,75 GHz -30 dBm/1 MHz
Fc1 - 4 MHz < f < Fc2 + 4 MHz No requirement
NOTE 1: Centre frequency of first carrier frequency (Fc1) used by the base station.
NOTE 2: Centre frequency of last carrier frequency (Fc2) used by the base station.
NOTE 3: Note 1 and Note 2 assume contiguous frequencies otherwise multiple exclusion bands
will apply.
Table 3-14: BS Spurious emission (Radiated unwanted emissions requirements)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 27
Frequency Limit (E.R.P)/
reference bandwidth
idle mode
Limit (E.R.P)/
reference bandwidth
traffic mode
30 MHz f < 1 000 MHz -57 dBm/100 kHz -36 dBm/100 kHz
1 GHz f < 12,75 GHz -47 dBm/1 MHz -30 dBm/1 MHz
Fc - 4 MHz < f < fc + 4 MHz No requirement No requirement
NOTE: fc is the nominal MS transmit centre frequency.
Table 3-15: MS Radiated unwanted emissions requirements
3.3.1.2 TETRA system characteristics
The main TETRA system characteristics are summarized in tables 3-16 to 3-18.
TETRA
Carrier separation (MHz) 25 kHz
BS-MS MCL (dB) 70 (Urban area)
80 (Rural area)
BS MS
Maximum Tx power (dBm) 43 30
Receiver bandwidth (kHz) 18 18
40 (Rural)
1.5
Receiver protection ratio (dB) 19 19
Table 3-16: Main TETRA system parameters
Frequency Offset 30 dBm
Mobile Station
44 dBm Base
Station
25 kHz - 30 dBm - 16 dBm
50 kHz -40 dBm - 26 dBm
75 kHz -40 dBm - 26 dBm
100 - 250 kHz -45 dBm - 36 dBm
250 - 500 kHz -50 dBm - 41 dBm
500 kHz - frb - 50 dBm - 46 dBm
> frb - 70 dBm - 56 dBm
Table 3-17: TETRA Spectrum Mask*
*measured in an 18 kHz bandwidth.
*frb is the edge of the receive band belonging to the TETRA MS/BS. The minimum unwanted emissions requirement is
- 36 dBm for frequency offsets of 25, 50 and 75 kHz and - 70 dBm for higher offsets.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 28
Frequency Offset MS BS
50 - 100 kHz - 40 dBm -40 dBm
100 200 kHz - 35 dBm - 35 dBm
200 500 kHz - 30 dBm - 30 dBm
> 500 kHz - 25 dBm - 25 dBm
Table 3-18: TETRA Receiver Blocking
3.3.2 Interference analysis considerations
It can be seen that the UMTS900 UL frequency block (880-915 MHz) is adjacent to the PMR/PAMR system (CDMA
PAMR or TETRA) DL frequency block (915-921 MHz) at the frequency 915 MHz. The worst interference scenario
between UMTS900 uplink and PMR/PAMR system downlink (CDMA PAMR or TETRA) could potentially happen at
around 915 MHz.
ECC Report 82 (section 3.5.5.3) [1] indicated that UMTS outdoor UE transmitting power is relatively small, at 90%
percentile, the simulated outdoor UE transmit power is -22.4 dBm. By considering that the minimum coupling loss between
UE and PMR/PAMR BS is relatively large (80 dB is used in ECC Report 82 between UE and BS in rural area) compared to
the MCL between UMTS BS and GSM-R Train Mounted MS, and since the UE is moving, the interference from UMTS
UE to PMR/PAMR BS should not be a problem. For detailed analysis of interference between UMTS UE and PMR/PAMR
BS, Monte-Carlo simulations should be performed; this is not covered in this report.
The worst interference case is the interference from PMR/PAMR BS to UMTS BS, as shown in figure 3-13.
3.3.2.1 Potential interference between UMTS900 and CDMA PAMR at 915 MHz
Interference from CDMA PAMR BS operating between 917-921 MHz to GSM900 BS operating below 915 MHz with a
frequency separation of 2.15 MHz was analyzed in ECC Report 41 [7].
As described in ECC Report 41 [7], a frequency separation of 2.15 MHz between GSM900 operating below 915 MHz and
CDMA PAMR operating above 917 MHz is not sufficient for the protection of GSM900 BS receiver; coordination between
GSM900 and CDMA PAMR is recommended in ECC Report 41 [7].
Figure 3-13: Worst Interference scenario between CDMA PAMR downlink and UMTS900 uplink
As shown in figure 3-13, the potential interference from CDMA-PAMR BS can desensitize UMTS900 BS receiver if the
protection is not sufficient.
UMTS900 system parameters are described in ECC Report 82[1]. The interference protection level for UMTS900 BS
receiver is -110 dBm/3.84 MHz and the ACS of UMTS900 BS receiver is 46.2 dB.
Based on the CDMA PAMR BS spectrum mask for band class 12 given in tables 3-11 and 3-12, for a guard band of 0.6
MHz between a UMTS900 carrier below 915 MHz and a CDMA PAMR carrier above 915 MHz, the required MCL
between UMTS900 BS and CDMA PAMR BS is 95.6 dB. When using a free space propagation model, the space

CDMA-PAMR900
UMTS900
CDMA-PAMR900
UMTS900
ECC REPORT 96
Page 29
separation between UMTS900 BS and CDMA PAMR BS antennas is in the order of 8 km. However, when using the Hata
propagation model, the separation distance becomes 1.5 km.
60
70
80
90
100
0,6 1 2 3 4
Guard band (MHz)
M
C
L
Figure 3-14: Required MCL (dB) in function of guard band
The required MCL as function of guard band is given in figure 3-14. It indicates the required MCL decreases when the
guard band becomes larger.
Two possible solutions can be used to meet the required MCL between UMTS900 BS and CDMA PAMR BS: a) Space
separation; b) external filter.
3.3.2.2 Potential interference between UMTS900 and TETRA at 915 MHz
The adjacent compatibility study between GSM900 and TETRA or TAPS at 915 MHz was described in ECC Report 5 [9]
showing that without any guard band or other interference mitigation techniques, interference from TETRA/TAPS BS will
desensitize GSM900 BS receivers. In order to protect the GSM900 BS receiver operating below 915 MHz, several
interference mitigation techniques were recommended in ECC Report 5 for the protection of GSM900 BS receivers, such
as guard band, filters, and/or coordination between operators.
The interference analysis method described in ECC Report 5 can be re-used for the interference analysis between
UMTS900 and TETRA systems operating below and above 915 MHz respectively, by considering that UMTS900 BS is
more sensitive to interference than GSM900, the maximum tolerable interference level for the protection of UMTS BS
receiver is of -110 dBm/3.84 MHz. By applying the interference analysis method described in ECC Report 5, similar
conclusions can be made that without interference mitigation techniques there will be serious interference from a
TETRA/TAPS BS transmitter to UMTS900 BS. Thus UMTS900 BS receivers will be desensitized due to strong
interference from TETRA/TAPS. The following interference mitigation techniques can be used to reduce the interference
from TETRA/TAPS to UMTS900 BS:
i) Guard band;
ii) External filters;
iii) Spatial separation by coordination between UMTS900 and TETRA/TAPS operators;
iv) Reduced transmitting power of TETRA/TAPS BS.
3.3.3 Conclusions
The interference from PMR/PAMR (CDMA PAMR, TETRA, TAPS) BS operating at frequencies above 915 MHz will
cause receiver desensitization of UMTS900 BS operating below 915 MHz. In order to protect UMTS900 BS, the utilization
of interference mitigation techniques is necessary:
1) Reduced PMR/PAMR BS Tx power;
2) Spatial separation by coordination between operators;
3) External filters;
4) Guard band.
It is more likely that a combination of these interference mitigation techniques should be used in order to ensure the
compatibility between UMTS900 operating below 915 MHz and PMR/PAMR (CDMA PAMR, TETRA, TAPS) operating
above 915 MHz.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 30
3.4 Compatibility study between UMTS900 and DME
3.4.1 DME and UMTS system characteristics
Protection criteria for the aeronautical radionavigation service
The protection criteria for the aeronautical radionavigation service are extracted from Recommendation ITU-R M.1639.
Recommendation ITU-R M.1639 gives the equivalent power flux-density (EPFD) level which protects stations of the
aeronautical radionavigation service (ARNS) from emissions of radionavigation satellites of all radionavigation-satellite
service (RNSS) systems operating in the 1 164-1 215 MHz band.
It recommends that the maximum allowable epfd level from all space stations of all RNSS systems should not exceed
121.5 dB(W/(m
2
MHz)), in order to protect the ARNS in the band 1 164-1 215 MHz.
The instantaneous epfd is calculated using the following formula:
1
1
]
1
a i
P N
i
max r
i r
i
i t
G
G
d
G
epfd
1
,
) (
4
) (
10 log 10
2
10
10
(Equation 1)
where:
Na : number of space stations that are visible from the receiver
i : index of the space station considered
Pi : RF power at the input of the antenna (or RF radiated power in the case of an active antenna) of the
transmitting space station (dB(W/MHz))
i : off-axis angle between the boresight of the transmitting space station and the direction of the
receiver
Gt(i) : transmit antenna gain (as a ratio) of the space station in the direction of the receiver
di : distance (m) between the transmitting station and the receiver
i : off-axis angle between the pointing direction of the receiver and the direction of the transmitting
space station
Gr(i) : receive antenna gain (as a ratio) of the receiver, in the direction of the transmitting space station
(see Recommendation ITU-R M.1480)
Gr,max : maximum gain (as a ratio) of the receiver
epfd : instantaneous epfd (dB(W/(m
2
MHz))) at the receiver
ECC REPORT 96
Page 31
The maximum allowable aggregated EPFD levels for protecting ARNS are summarized in table 3-20.
Parameter Value Reference
1
DME RNSS interference threshold
(at antenna port)
129 dB(W/MHz) (See Note 1)
2
Maximum DME/TACAN antenna
gain including polarization
mismatch
3.4 dBi
(5.4 dBi antenna gain
2 dB polarization mismatch)
3
Effective area of 0 dBi antenna at
1 176 MHz
22.9 dB(m
2
)
4
RNSS (all systems) aggregate epfd
in 1 MHz
109.5 dB(W/(m
2

MHz))
Combine 1, 2 and 3
(1 minus 2 minus 3)
5 Safety margin 6 dB
Recommendation
ITU-R M.1477
6
Apportionment of RNSS
interference to all the
interference sources
6 dB
Apportion 25% of total
permissible interference to
RNSS
7 Maximum RNSS aggregate epfd 121.5 dB(W/(m
2
MHz))
Combine 4, 5 and 6
(4 minus 5 minus 6)
Table 3-20: maximum allowable aggregated EPFD level to protect ARNS from RNSS
NOTE 1 This value is based on a 129 dBW CW interference threshold specified for international
DME systems used by civil aviation. Measurement has demonstrated that an RNSS signal spread over
1 MHz would have the same effect as a CW signal on DME performance.
Transposition to UMTS 900
A more convenient way to convert the above criteria to UMTS 900 is to express it as a PSD received at the DME antenna
port, including the safety margin and the apportionment, as given in table 3-21.
Parameter Value Reference
1
DME interference threshold (at
DME antenna port)
129 dB(W/MHz)
2 Safety margin 6 dB
Recommendation
ITU-R M.1477
3
Apportionment of UMTS
interference to all the
interference sources (MIDS, FRS,
etc.)
6 dB
Apportion 25% of total
permissible interference to
UMTS. It is noted that
higher percentage could
be considered in the band
960-966.5 MHz.
4
Maximum UMTS aggregate PSD,
received at the DME receiver
input, including the safety margin
and the apportionment
141 dB(W/MHz)
Combine 1, 2 and 3
(1 minus 2 minus 3)
Table 3-21: Maximum allowable aggregated PSD level to protect ARNS from UMTS900
The following aggregated PSD value must not exceed -141 dB(W/MHz):
1
1
]
1
,
_
a
i
P
N
i i
i r i t
d
G G PSD
1
2
4
) ( ) ( 10 log 10
10
10

(Equation 2)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 32
where :
Na : number of UMTS 900 base stations that are visible from the receiver (DME)
i : index of the base station considered
Pi : RF power at the input of the antenna the transmitting UMTS 900 base station (dB(W/MHz))
: wave length
i : off-axis angle between the boresight of the transmitting UMTS 900 base station and the direction
of the receiver (DME)
Gt(i) : transmit antenna gain of the base station in the direction of the receiver (DME)
di : distance (m) between the transmitting base station and the receiver
i : off-axis angle between the pointing direction of the receiver and the direction of the transmitting
UMTS 900 base station
Gr(i) : receive antenna gain of the receiver (DME), in the direction of the transmitting UMTS 900 base
station
PSD : instantaneous PSD (dB(W/(MHz))) at the receiver (DME)
It has to be noted that the threshold above was established by measurement of a number of DME airborne receivers
(interrogator receiver) under various signal conditions and confirmed that the effect of an RNSS signal, when spread over 1
MHz, had the same effect on the DME receiver as does CW. As the DME specification requires correct performance in the
presence of CW at -129 dB(W/MHz), this was given as the appropriate maximum level for all RNSS interference.
The same assumption was made when modelling the effect of the interference from UMTS900 on DME. This is justified by
the nature of the UMTS900 signal (W-CDMA spread signal).
Set of DME parameters
Frequency of band of operation: 960-1215 MHz
Receiving frequency (in the simulation) : 962, 964, 966 and 971 MHz
Polarization: linear, vertical (so no polarization loss should be considered)
Maximum DME antenna gain : 5.4 dBi
Channelization: 1 MHz
Bandwidth : 1 MHz
ARNS station location: the ARNS station altitude should be taken at worst case (40 000 ft, i.e. 12 192 m), which
gives maximum visibility of potentially interfering base stations from the ARNS receiving antenna.
DME Selectivity mask:
o DME 442 Rockwell Collins. The attenuations are
6 dB at -0.38 MHz/+0.32 MHz (-0.88 MHz/+0.82 MHz from the central frequency)
o KN 62A Honeywell. The attenuations are
It has to be noted that the values of the selectivity masks have set to 70 dBc beyond 250% of the bandwidth (+/-
2.5 MHz) with a linear interpolation between 60 and 70 dBc.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 33
ARNS antenna characteristics
The information in the following Fig. 15(a).a is extracted from Recommendation ITU-R M.1642 and provides the antenna
gain for different elevation angles. For intermediate elevation angles (between two defined values), a linear interpolation
should be used. The Gr, max value is 5.4 dBi as specified in Recommendation ITU-R M.1639. It is assumed that the elevation
and gain pattern is the same for all azimuth angles.
The relevant range of elevation angles for the study to be conducted is: -900, as shown in Fig. 15(a).
Extract from Rec.
ITU-R M.1642
Elevation angle definition
Elevation
angle
(degrees)
Antenna gain
Gr/Gr, max
(dB)
90 17.22
80 14.04
70 10.51
60 8.84
50 5.4
40 3.13
30 0.57
20 1.08
10 0
5 1.21
3 1.71
2 1.95
1 2.19
0 2.43
Figure 3-15(a): DME antenna gain for elevation angles between 0-90
Proposed parameters for UMTS 900
Therefore, the scenario worth studying is the situation where multiple base stations produce interference to onboard
DME:
Antenna input Power: 43 dBm/channel (for Macro base stations). Micro and pico base stations have not been
considered. It has to be noted that this figure represents a fully loaded cell.
Average cell radius : 5 km
Unwanted emissions characteristics : see Table 3.22 below
Channel Spacing : 5 MHz
Maximum antenna gain including the feeder loss : 15 dBi
Receiver Bandwidth : 3840 KHz
Elevation antenna pattern : Recommendation ITU-R F.1336-2
Azimuth antenna pattern : omni-directional
Downtilt : 2.5
Antenna height : 30 m
For information, a comparison between the out-of-band emissions of UMTS-900 and GSM 900 is available in section
3.2.2.2.
0
-90
ECC REPORT 96
Page 34
Frequency offset
to the UMTS
central frequency
Power density (cabinet output) Power
in 5 MHz
Level in dBc
Out of band
domain
2.5 MHz f < 2.7
MHz
-14 dBm/30 kHz 8 dBm -35 dBc
2.7 MHz f < 3.5
MHz
Linear interpolation Linear
interpolation
Linear
interpolation
f = 3.5 -26 dBm/30 kHz -4 dBm -47 dBc
3.5 MHz < f
12.5 MHz
-13 dBm/1 MHz -6 dBm -49 dBc
Spurious domain
f =12.5 MHz to
frequency=1 GHz
-36 dBm/100 kHz -19 dBm -62 dBc
Frequency>1 GHz -30 dBm/1 MHz -23 dBm -66 dBc
Table 3-22: Unwanted emissions characteristics for UMTS900
Common parameters
Frequency plan is given in table 3-23
880
MHz
915
MHz
925
MHz
960
MHz
UMTS-UL UMTS-DL DME
Table 3-23: frequency plans
Propagation model:
Free space loss (Recommendation ITU-R P.525) : all the base stations are visible from the aircraft, without
any obstacle.
3.4.2 Case Study
The interference on the DME comes from all the base stations which have visibility of the aircraft at its altitude, see Fig. 3-
15(b). Considering a frequency re-use scheme of 1, each base station transmits 3 carriers at full power. The base stations
generate 3 sub-interferences at the following frequencies:
f
1
=957.5 MHz (1
st
adjacent channel interference to be considered)
f
2
=952.5 MHz (2
nd
f
3
=947.5 MHz (3
rd
In practise, each UMTS900 base station may transmit more than 3 carriers but the other ones are not considered in these
simulations.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 35
Figure 3-15(b): Scenario of the study
The principles are:
To distribute the base stations on the terrestrial dome seen by the DME (placed every 10 km);
To assess the aggregated signal generated by signals from the base stations at f
1
, f
2
and f
3
;
To compare this aggregated signal to the threshold of -141 dB(W/MHz).
3.4.3 Interference analysis results
Calculation of the ACIR
The UMTS900 ACLR and DME ACS are plotted in figure 3-16(a), ACIR of DME as function of frequency separation and
as guard band are respectively given in figures 3-16 (b) and (c).
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
BTS : f
1,
f
2
, f
3
DME
BTS : f1, f2, f3
ECC REPORT 96
Page 36
(a) UMTS900 ACLR and DME ACS
(b) ACIR as function of frequency separation
ECC REPORT 96
Page 37
(c) ACIR as function of guard band
Figure 3-16: Calculation of the ACIR
Number of visible base stations
The number of visible base stations as a function of aircraft altitude is given in figure 3-17.
Figure 3-17: Number of visible base stations
Calculation of the UMTS aggregate PSD
The calculated UMTS aggregate PSD and corresponding margin to add for satisfying the interference criteria for three
DME frequencies are given in Fig. 3-18.
It has to be noted that the two DME equipments mentioned previously have been considered in the calculations.
Additionally, the results inherent to an ideal DME filter are given in the following table for information.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 38
DME
freq
calculated UMTS aggregate PSD additional margin needed
968
MHz
970
MHz
972
MHz
Figure 3-18: Calculated UMTS aggregate PSD and corresponding margin to add to satisfy the interference criteria
ECC REPORT 96
Page 39
3.4.4 Analysis of the results
The selectivity of two DME airborne receivers has been measured. However, the characteristics of the receiving
filter are only given for the range 0.5-1.5 MHz from the central frequency. One can easily assume that the filter
continues to decrease after this value but in the absence of data, the filter has been considered as flat after these
values.
The parameters of the UMTS equipment are based on the 3GPP standards, except for the base station antenna
pattern which is based on the Recommendation ITU-R F.1336-2.
The results depend on the altitude of the aircraft. There is a difference of around 3 dB between the low altitudes
(100m<Altitude<500m and the cruise situations (12000 m).
The results are nearly the same for the two DME equipments considered.
Given the data which have been taken into account (and expressed in the previous paragraphs), some additional
isolation (to satisfy the interference criteria) may be needed to make the compatibility between UMTS900 and
DME possible, and particularly if the DME frequency is below 972 MHz. It has to be noted that the value of this
additional isolation depends on the value of the DME carrier:
Flight phase DME 442 Rockwell Collins and DME KN 62A Honeywell
DME carrier
962 MHz 964 MHz 966 MHz 968 MHz 970 MHz 972 MHz
0 m<altitude<100m 15 15 15 13 12 7
100 m<altitude<500m 12 12 9 9 7 2
500 m<altitude<2000 m 10 10 8 8 6 0
Cruise 9 9 6 6 4 0
ECC REPORT 96
Page 40
Table 3-24: additional margin needed (dB)
It has to be noted that certain factors or parameters, relating to the deployment and/or the definition of the UMTS900
system are not stabilized yet. These factors/parameters are:
A traffic load factor: The global load is referring to the distribution of traffic load within the UMTS network. Even
when considering the peak of traffic, a minority of UMTS BS is fully loaded and is transmitting at Pmax. The
operators and manufacturers have confirmed the consideration of a traffic load factor for the design of their
networks. The maximum value for a loaded cell is assumed to be 80%, whereas an average value is 50%.
It is recognized that a safety aeronautical system such as DME has to examine the worst case in terms of
interference for UMTS900, when the number of UMTS900 cells considered is low (i.e. when the altitude of the
aircraft is low). However, when the altitude of the aircraft is higher, it is reasonable to consider the average load
factor value (because the number of the base stations considered is high). Given the number of visible base
stations as shown in the following figure:
it may be assumed that the average value can be applied from an altitude of 100m (150 base stations seen
by an aircraft):
Value of the traffic load factor
Altitude of the aircraft <100m 80%
Altitude of the aircraft >100m 50%
ECC REPORT 96
Page 41
Maximum antenna gain of the UMTS900 base stations: The value of 15 dBi (including feeder loss) has been
considered which corresponds to the rural case. However, it is recognized that the antennas deployed in urban
areas have commonly a gain of 12 dBi (including feeder loss). The ratio of one antenna type compared to the other
one is currently not defined.
It has also to be noted that if certain parameters are adjusted according to the previous bullets, those adjustments have to be
consistent (E.g : a rural case could correspond to an antenna gain of 15 dBi including feeder loss associated to a low traffic
load).
It should be emphasized that there may be a need for additional calculations to model the approach phase (or other phase)
when an aircraft rolls. In this configuration, the maximum gain of the DME (reception) corresponds to an elevation angle of
-20/-25 (see table 3-22).
It should also be noted that no compatibility study between GSM900 and systems operating in adjacent band had been
performed prior to the deployment of GSM900. This has not been represented a problem so far since the aeronautical
equipments do not currently use the part of the band just above 960 MHz:
The lowest frequency used by DME is 977 MHz;
The lowest frequency used by TACAN is 978 MHz.
According to the recognized international aviation standards, the frequency range for the DME is 962-1215 MHz and
carriers lower than 977 MHz, such as 962 MHz, may also be deployed in the future. In any case, the use of TACAN/DME
below 970 MHz requires additional protection so that the compatibility in adjacent band with UMTS900 can be ensured.
Moreover, it has to be noted that the frequencies just above 960 MHz are also under consideration under the AI 1.6 of the
next WRC for the development of new aeronautical mobile systems in that band.
3.4.5 Mitigation techniques and mitigation effects
Mitigation techniques and mitigation effects are therefore required, such as:
The reduction of the out-of-band UMTS900 emission: this is achieved with the use of UMTS900 base stations
with out-of-band performances better than the requirement defined in the 3GPP specifications (e.g.: filtering); this
may not be technically feasible to ensure the protection of all DME frequencies. (e.g.: 962 to 966 MHz);
Site engineering for the UMTS 900 base stations situated in/near the airports to achieve additional protection for
the takeoff/landing phases ; this can be implemented only on a limited number of base stations (which depends on
the nature of the specific site engineering measures);
Consideration of a sufficient guard band, considering that there is already a 1.5 MHz guard band (960-961.5
MHz);
Examination of lower apportionment margin: it has to be noted that the military MIDS system does not operate in
the lower part of the band (960-966.5 MHz); therefore, the apportionment margin can be reduced. This reduction
has not been considered in the above calculations. The appropriate value of the apportionment is 3 dB if the
interferences to DME are assumed to equally come from UMTS900 and the potential FRS system (Futur Radio
System) considered under the agenda item 1.6 of the WRC-07. This is subject to the result of the WRC-07. It has
also to be noted that the FRS system is not likely to be deployed before 2020. Therefore the apportionment should
be alleviated as follows:
ECC REPORT 96
Page 42
Before the deployment of the
FRS system (before 2020)
After the deployment of the
960 966.5 MHz Apportionment = 0 dB Apportionment = 3 dB
In the upper part of the band (966.5 970 MHz), the interferences from the MIDS have also to be considered.
However, MIDS is a frequency hopping system that hopes on 51 frequencies, the first ones of which are 969, 972
and it is recognized that the interferences from UMTS900 above 972 are negligible. The value of the
apportionment is calculated as follows:
2/51*X (MIDS) +X (UMTS900) =1 (before 2020)
X=0.96 %= 0.16 dB
2/51*X (MIDS) +X (FRS) +X (UMTS900) =1
X=0.49%= 3.1 dB
Which gives:
Before the deployment of the
After the deployment of the
966.5 -972MHz Apportionment = 0.16 dB Apportionment = 3.1 dB
This leads to the conclusion that the interferences from MIDS have a negligible effect.
3.4.6 Conclusions
Under the assumptions described above, the following preliminary conclusions can be made based on simulation results
and interference analysis:
Nowadays, the lowest DME frequency is 977 MHz. Lower frequencies are planned to be used for DME in a near
future;
As long as the DME frequencies are above 972 MHz, the electromagnetic compatibility between DME and UMTS
900 is ensured without any care to be taken;
Regarding the frequencies from 960 to 972 MHz, the only mitigation techniques, in order to ensure the
compatibility between the DME system and UMTS900, that would bring sufficient isolation are: additional
filtering and a larger guard band. However these two mitigation techniques are not judged applicable for the
following reasons:
o Additional filtering: the UMTS900 manufacturers have clearly indicated that, nowadays, it is not
technologically feasible to provide the sufficient margin needed (compared to the specified out-of-band
emission mask considered in the above calculations) without affecting the level of the transmitted power
in the transmitting band (it is recognized that the introduction of additional filtering creates insertion
losses of several dBs on base stations transmission power level that need to be balanced by increasing
deployment density);
o Larger guard band: the above calculations have shown that an additional 10 MHz guard band (to the
existing 1.5 MHz guard band) is needed. This is unacceptable for both UMTS900 and civil aviation
communities;
There is a need for consideration of this issue on a European context, on the regulatory aspect. It is necessary that
a common approach be used within Europe to ensure the compatibility.
It has to be noted that the impact of the DME ground station (and FRS if necessary) on the UMTS 900 mobile stations has
not been studied in this report and may need additional studies.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 43
3.5 Compatibility study between UMTS900 and MIDS
3.5.1 System parameters and co-existence scenario
3.5.1.1 Frequency band plan
The frequency band plans for MIDS and UMTS900 are shown in figure below:
880 915 925 960 969 1206
UMTS900
Mobile station
transmit
UMTS900
Base station
transmit
MIDS
Terminals
receive
UMTS900 frequency band is arranged as follows:
Uplink (UE transmit, BS receive) : 880 915 MHz
Downlink (BS transmit, UE receive) : 925-960 MHz
Carrier separation: 5 MHz
MIDS frequency band is arranged as follows:
MIDS operates in the 960 to 1215 MHz band, with MIDS frequencies occurring every 3 MHz between 969
to 1206 MHz. Two sub-bands centered on 1030 MHz and 1090 MHz are excluded because they are used by
IFF.
3.5.1.2 System parameters
3.5.1.2.1 UMTS900 parameters
The characteristics of UMTS900 system are summarized in the table3.25 below.
Parameter IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (UMTS900)
Carrier spacing 5 MHz t n 0.2 MHz
Duplex method FDD
Cell type Macro Micro Pico
Transmitter power dBm
(3)
43 38 24
Antenna gain
(4), (5)
(dBi/120 sector) 15
(6)
5 0
Cable loss 3 1 0
Antenna height (m) 40 5 1.5
Tilt of antenna (degrees down) 2.5 0 0
Access techniques CDMA
Data rates supported Pedestrian: 384 kbit/s, Vehicular: 144 kbit/s, Indoors: 2 Mbit/s
Higher data rates up to 10 Mbit/s are supported by technology
enhancements (HSDPA)
Modulation type QPSK
Emission bandwidth 3GPP TS25.104
Transmitter ACLR for macro/micro/ pico BS 3GPP TS25.104
1st adjacent 45 dB @ t 5 MHz
2nd adjacent 50 dB @ t 10 MHz
Transmitter spurious emissions 3GPP TS25.104
Receiver blocking levels 3GPP TS25.104
ECC REPORT 96
Page 44
Table 3.25: UMTS900 base station parameters
(3)
May not be appropriate for all scenarios.
(4)
Feeder losses are not included in the values and should be considered in the sharing/compatibility issues.
(5)
The reference pattern is specified in Recommendation ITU-R F.1336 with (k 0.2).
(6)
Cable loss is included in the antenna gain.
In order to have a realistic representation of UMTS900 equipments, two types of cells have been considered: macro and
micro:
Macro Cell Micro Cell
Transmission power +43 dBm (20W) +38dBm (6,3W)
Cable loss 3dB (included in antenna gain) 1dB
Antenna gain 15dBi (120 sector) 5dBi (omni-directional or directive)
PIRE 58dBm 42dBm
Antenna height 40m 5m
Vertical aperture 6
Downtilt 2,5 0
For micro cell and macro cells, unwanted emission limits in the out-of band domain and in the spurious domain are defined
below:
F LIMIT
Out of band domain 1
st
adjacent channel 5 MHz 45 dBc
2
nd
adjacent channel 10 MHz 50 dBc
Spurious domain
(in accordance with ITU-R SM329)
Between 960MHz and 1 GHz -36dBm in 100kHz
or-19 dBm in 5 MHz
Between 1GHz and 12 GHz -30dBm in 1MHz
or -23 dBm in 5 MHz
Other assumptions taken in the study:
Emission frequency of the base station: 957.4 MHz (highest UMTS900 channel between 955 and 960 MHz);
It is assumed that the UMTS900 antenna has no attenuation in the receiving band of MIDS (969-1206 MHz). This
represents a worst case;
The UMTS900 base station transmits continuously.
3.5.1.2.2 MIDS parameters
MIDS (Multifunctional Information Distribution System) is a tactical military system. The MIDS receiver to consider is the
MIDS terminal, integrated in a shelter. The antenna is mounted on a 16 metres mast. The terminal mode to consider is the
frequency hopping mode (51 frequencies). The lowest frequency is 969 MHz.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 45
Receiver MIDS terminal
Bandwith 5 MHz
Feeder loss 5 dB
Antenna gain 9 dBi
Antenna height 16 metres
Equivalent downtilt + 3
3 dB beam width in the
vertical plane
16
Horizontal plan omni
Table 3.26: MIDS terminal parameters
Figure 3-19: MIDS terminal elevation antenna diagram
MIDS terminal
antenna
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
elevation (degre)
G
a
i
n

(
i
n

%
)
1000 MHz 1100 MHz 1200 MHz
ECC REPORT 96
Page 46
Other assumptions taken in the study:
The frequency used in the simulation is 970 MHz;
The hopping frequencies are as follows:
N Frequency (MHz) N Frequency (MHz) N Frequency (MHz)
0 969 17 1062 34 1158
1 972 18 1065 35 1161
2 975 19 1113 36 1164
3 978 20 1116 37 1167
4 981 21 1119 38 1170
5 984 22 1122 39 1173
6 987 23 1125 40 1176
7 990 24 1128 41 1179
8 993 25 1131 42 1182
9 996 26 1134 43 1185
10 999 27 1137 44 1188
11 1002 28 1140 45 1191
12 1005 29 1143 46 1194
13 1008 30 1146 47 1197
14 1053 31 1149 48 1200
15 1056 32 1152 49 1203
16 1059 33 1155 50 1206
Protection from the unwanted emissions of an interfering system: criterion n1
Measurements have been performed in a French DoD laboratory to assess the protection criteria of MIDS receiver.
The curves of the permissible level of a signal which is out of the MIDS band, have been picked out: for a
transmission at 960 MHz, there is no degradation of the MIDS terminal performances as long as the power of the
transmitter remains below -10 dBm (the reference is a CW signal).
Noise level permissible in the MIDS channel: criterion n2
On the same line as in the previous paragraph, measurements on MIDS receiver give a permissible noise level equal
to -103dBm, for one of the 51 channels, i.e. -104 dBm/5 MHz, taking into account 1dB margin
This tolerated value allows to obtain an acceptable MIDS sensitivity referred to MIDS SSS (System Segment
Specification).
Interference threshold expressed as an interfered frequencies rate
The MIDS receiver can tolerate a certain number of interfered channels amongst the 51 channels used, without any
performance degradation. This threshold is classified and is not given in this document. This interference threshold,
without being communicated in the report for security reason, is covered by the criterion n2, when assessing the
number of frequencies for which the permissible noise floor is exceeded.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 47
3.5.1.3 Propagation model
Propagation model used is ITS. This model is usually used for MIDS studies, in France as well as in USA (NTIA).
3.5.1.4 Simulation configuration
The simulation configuration is given in the figure 3-20 below.

Figure 3-20: Illustration of the simulation configuration
3.5.2 Interference analysis and simulation results
3.5.2.1 Level of the UMTS900 signal received by the MIDS terminal (out of the MIDS receiving band)
The aim of this section is to assess the interference from the UMTS900 base station in the UMTS900 band, according the
criterion n1 described above.
UMTS base station
antenna
Distance between the MIDS terminal and
the UMTS base station
Antenna height
MIDS terminal
ECC REPORT 96
Page 48
3.5.2.1.1 Simulation results
Macro cell
The following curves give the level of the UMTS900 signal as a function of the distance between the UMTS900 base
station and the MIDS terminal:
Figure 3-21: MACRO base station transmitted power received by the MIDS terminal (distance<1km)
Figure 3-22: MACRO base station transmitted power received by the MIDS terminal (distance<5km)
Analysis:
Whatever the distance between the UMTS900 base station and the MIDS terminal is, the maximum authorized level of -10
dBm is not exceeded. Maximum level equal to -21dBm is reached for a distance from 200m to 280m.
Micro cell
The following curves give the level of the UMTS900 signal as a function of the distance between the UMTS900
ECC REPORT 96
Page 49
Figure 3-23: MICRO base station transmitted power received by the MIDS terminal (distance<1km)
Analysis:
The level of -10 dBm is never reached. Maximum level equal to -38dBm is reached for a distance of 160m.
3.5.2.1.2 Conclusion according to criterion n1
Considering the protection curves of MIDS receiver, there is no risk of saturation caused by UMTS signal.
3.5.2.2 Level of the UMTS900 signal received by the MIDS terminal (in the MIDS receiving band)
The aim of this section is to assess the interference from the UMTS900 base station in the UMTS900 band, according the
criterion n2 described above.
The out-of band and spurious emissions of the UMTS900 are considered in this section.
3.5.2.2.1 UMTS900 BS unwanted emissions
UMTS900 Macro-cell (Power = 43 dBm, e.i.r.p. = 58dBm)
UMTS900 Transmission
band
Level in dBc in
5 MHz
e.i.r.p. in dBm in 5
MHz
MIDS channels impacted
965 970 MHz 50 dBc +8 dBm 969 MHz (1 channel)
970 MHz to 1 GHz (62dBc) -4 dBm 972 to 999 MHz (10 channels)
1 GHz to 12,75 GHz (66dBc) -8 dBm 1002 to 1206MHz (40 channels)
Figure 3-24: UMTS900 BS unwanted emission (macro cell)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 50
UMTS900 Micro-cell (Power = 38 dBm, e.i.r.p. = 42dBm)
Transmission band Level in dBc in 5
MHz
e.i.r.p. in dBm in
5MHz
MIDS channels impacted
965 970 MHz 50 dBc -8 dBm 969 MHz (1 channel)
970 MHz to 1 GHz (57dBc) -15 dBm 972 to 999 MHz (10 channels)
1 GHz to 12,75 GHz (61dBc) -19 dBm 1002 to 1206MHz (40 channels)
3.5.2.2.2 Application of the criterion n2
The tolerated level of -104 dBm for the noise floor was settled above. This level is applicable to each hopping frequency.
The UMTS masks, as expressed in section 3.5.2.2.1 generate the following categorization:
The frequency 969 MHz (1 MIDS channel)
The frequencies from 972 MHz to 1000 MHz (10 MIDS channels)
The frequencies from 1000 to 1206 MHz (40 MIDS channels)
This gives four cases to consider:
Case 1: none of the MIDS channels are interfered
Case 2: 1 MIDS channel is interfered
Case 3: 11 MIDS channel are interfered
Case 4: 51 MIDS channel are interfered
As stated above, the permissible interfered frequency rate is not given in the document but it is possible to say that:
- the MIDS terminal is not affected in the cases 1 and 2.
- the MIDS terminal communication performance is acceptable in case 3, but the ability to tolerate additional intentional
or non-intentional interfere is reduced: MIDS electronic anti-jamming performances are degraded.
- the MIDS terminal performance is degraded in case 4. The jam threshold is between 11 and 51 interfered channels.
Unwanted emission of UMTS base station
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
Frequency (MHz)
P
o
w
e
r

i
n

d
B
m
/
5

M
H
z
Power : 43 dBm - MACRO cell
ECC REPORT 96
Page 51
3.5.2.2.3 Conclusion according to the criterion n2
Note: it is considered that MIDS is more often deployed in rural and suburban areas; so the only case studied below
corresponds to the UMTS macro-cell.
The maximum calculated value of UMTS signal (macro-cell), for the frequency 960 MHz, is -21 dBm at the input of the
MIDS receiver terminal. The corresponding distance is from 200 to 280 metres. This gives (based on the section 5.1.1):
A level of -71 dBm/5 MHz in the 969 MHz MIDS channel,
A level of -83 dBm/5 MHz in the 10 following MIDS channel,
A level of -87 dBm/5MHz for the rest of the MIDS channels.
Whatever the channel is, the threshold of the noise level of -104 dBm/5MHz is exceeded. To respect this level of -104
dBm/5MHz:
- for the 10 channels in the 970-1000MHz band, an additional isolation of 21 dB is necessary to ensure the nominal
performances of MIDS. However, as mentioned previously, performance degradation is tolerated in this frequency
range.
- for the highest 40 channels, an additional isolation of 17 dB is necessary.
3.5.2.2.4 Minimum separation distance for the protection of MIDS
If we consider an UMTS spurious level of -104dBm/5MHz in the 1000 - 1206MHz, that means an UMTS signal of
-38dBm (66dBc): the separation distance between UMTS and MIDS equivalent to the necessary propagation loss can be
read on figure 5: the minimum separation distance is 2km.
If we consider an UMTS spurious level of -104dBm/5MHz in the 970-1000MHz, that means an UMTS signal of -42dBm
(62dBc): the minimum separation distance between UMTS and MIDS is 3 km.
3.5.2.2.5 Sensitivity analysis on the UMTS parameters
It is likely that one of the most important assumptions in the study is the compliance of the unwanted (out-of-band and
spurious) emission of the UMTS900 base stations with the 3GPP specifications. One can assume that the equipments will
have better performances than their specifications without knowing how.
The previous section showed that, in order to be certain to respect the criteria n2 every time for every distance, an
additional isolation of 17 dB (or 21dB if we consider the 970-1000MHz band) would be needed. This occurs for a distance
from 200m to 280 metres between the UMTS900 base station and the MIDS receiver.
If 200 metres between both system is a satisfactory distance (from 200m to 280, there is no change), which correspond to a
value of -21 dBm (MACRO base station) at the input of the MIDS receiver, this leads to a level of:
A level of -71 dBm in the 969 MHz MIDS channel,
A level of -83 dBm in the 10 following MIDS channel,
A level of -87 dBm for the rest of the MIDS channels.
To respect this level of -104 dBm for the highest 40 channels, an additional isolation of 17 dB would be necessary.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 52
A distance of 200 metres would be sufficient if the spurious mask of UMTS900 is 17 dB better than the specifications. The
additional protection can be calculated function of the separation distance:
Separation
Distance
Level on MIDS
receiver
Level received on the last
MIDS frequencies
Additional protection
<200
m
<-21 dBm <-87 dBm >17 dB
200
m
-21 dBm -87 dBm 17 dB
300
m
-22 dBm -88 dBm 16 dB
400
m
-23 dBm -89 dBm 15 dB
500
m
-24 dBm -90 dBm 14 dB
600
m
-26 dBm -92 dBm 12 dB
700
m
-28 dBm -94 dBm 10 dB
800
m
-29 dBm -95 dBm 9 dB
900
m
1000
m
1500
m
-36 dBm -102 dBm 2 dB
2000
m
0 dB
Figure 3-25: additional protection function of distance
3.5.2.2.6 Practical performance of unwanted emissions of UMTS 900 base stations
The section 3.5.2.2.5 provides the required separation distance as a function of the level of the UMTS 900 base stations
unwanted emissions. If there is an additional isolation of 17 dB on the spurious emissions of the UMTS 900 base
station above 1 GHz, then there is no required separation distance.
Some manufacturer stated that the spurious emissions of the UMTS900 BS for the frequency range between 1 GHz
and 1.2 GHz will be lower than the specifications with a margin > 17 dB as required for the protection of MIDS
terminals.
Additional protection
function of "MIDS/UMTS macro cell" distance
0
5
10
15
20
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500
distance (m)
dB
ECC REPORT 96
Page 53
However, the above elements are based only on the information available to date about the performance of a base
station designed by a single manufacturer. It is important to ensure that the performances of other base stations would
also enable to draw the same conclusions.
3.5.3 Conclusions
This adjacent band compatibility study between UMTS900 (operating below 960 MHz) and the MIDS (operating
above 969 MHz) considers the impact of the main UMTS900 signal in its band (below 960 MHz) and the unwanted
emissions (above 960 MHz). It shall be noted than the assessment of interferences from MIDS on the UMTS900 has
not been taken into account in theses compatibility studies. In this context, it should be noted that this study does not
take into account the regulatory status of JTIDS/MIDS, which operates in the band 960-1215 MHz under the
conditions of provision 4.4 of the Radio Regulations.
To avoid any interference on each MIDS frequency the protection distance between UMTS900 base station and MIDS
stations should be up to 2 km accordingly to the table of section 5.5.
However, the protection should be reduced if the real unwanted emission level of the equipment is better than 3GPP
specifications. To fully protect MIDS without any protection distance, the unwanted emission level should be:
21 dB better than present 3GPP specification in the 970-1000 MHz band,
17 dB better than present 3GPP specification in the 1000 - 1206MHz MIDS band (corresponding to the 1-
12.75GHz spurious band),
However, a performance degradation of the MIDS can be tolerated: this corresponds to interferences on the first 11
MIDS channels. Consequently, if there is an additional isolation of 17 dB above 1 GHz no additional separation
distance is required to protect the MIDS receiver.
Information available to date about the performance of a base station designed by a single manufacturer shows that
practical level of unwanted emission provides isolation higher than the 17 dB required, according to section 3.5.2.2.6.
However, it will be important to ensure that the performances of other base stations which will be effectively deployed
would also enable to provide the required protection to MIDS.
3.6 Conclusions
In this chapter, the compatibility studies between UMTS900 and systems operating in adjacent bands, including GSM-R,
PMR/PAMR (TETRA, CDMA PAMR, TAPS), Aeronautical DME, MIDS have been described. Based on the interferences
analysis, the following conclusions can be made:
power UMTS BS close to the railway tracks, blocking etc, which would lead to assumption of possible direct line
of sight coupling) the MCL calculations demonstrate that coordination is needed for a certain range of distances
(up to 4 km or more from railway track).
on UMTS UL capacity could be important when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the
GSM-R band. However, it has to be recognized that this is only applicable in low speed areas as elsewhere the use
of uplink control in GSM-R will cause significantly increased call drop out rates.
band, where site engineering measures and/or better* filtering capabilities (providing additional coupling loss in
order to match the requirements defined for the critical/specific cases) may be needed in order to install UMTS
sites close to the railway track when the UMTS network is using the 5 MHz channel adjacent to the GSM-R band.
It has to be noted that this study did not address tunnel coverage. Site sharing, which is expected to
improve the coexistence, has not been studied either.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 54
5) Potential interference between UMTS900 BS operating below 915 MHz and PMR/PAMR (CDMA PAMR,
TETRA, TAPS) BS operating at frequencies above 915 MHz could be a problem. In order to protect UMTS900
BS, the utilization of interference mitigation techniques is necessary:
v) Reduced PMR/PAMR BS Tx power
vi) Spatial separation
vii) External filters
viii) Guard band
ECC REPORT 96
Page 55
The potential interference from UMTS900 to aeronautical DME operating at frequencies above 972 MHz does not
represent any difficulty. The frequency range between 960-972 MHz is not currently used by aeronautical DME but
will be used in a near future. Some additional margins may be required for the protection of aeronautical DME
operating at frequencies between 960 and 972 MHz, where the required additional margins are dependent on DME
carriers and aircraft positions. The studies have shown that the only mitigation techniques, in order to ensure the
compatibility between the DME system and UMTS900, that would bring sufficient isolation are: additional filtering
and a larger guard band. However these two mitigation techniques are not judged applicable. Therefore, the report
suggests that a regulatory solution should be examined. It is necessary that a common approach be used within Europe
to ensure the compatibility.
Further compatibility study will be necessary if this frequency range is to be used by DME systems or future
aeronautical systems addressed under WRC Agenda Item 1.6.
5) The compatibility study between UMTS900 and MIDS indicated that an additional margin of 17 dB of UMTS900
BS spurious emissions over the frequency range between 1000 MHz and 1206 MHz in reference to 3GPP
technical specifications is required for the protection of MIDS terminal receiver. Information available to date
about the performance of a base station designed by a single manufacturer shows that practical level of unwanted
emission provides isolation higher than the 17 dB required, according to section 3.5.2.2.6. However, it will be
important to ensure that the performances of other base stations which will be effectively deployed would also
enable to provide the required protection to MIDS.
It should be noted that all studies in section 3 assumed a UMTS900 base station antenna gain of 15 dBi (including feeder
loss). A value of 12dBi was, however, considered more realistic based on real network deployment. As a consequence the
interference is overstated by 3dB.
4 COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN UMTS1800 AND SYSTEMS OPERATING IN
ADJACENT BANDS
4.1 Systems operating in adjacent bands
All systems operating in bands adjacent to UMTS1800 are summarized in table 4-1.
Frequency (MHz) System Note
1700-1710 METSAT
Fixed - Telemetry
Weather Satellite
Defense
1710-1785 GSM1800 (UL)
UMTS1800 (UL)
1785-1800 Radio Microphones
Fixed & mobile
Guard bands have been defined between
radio microphones and GSM1800
Wireless Broadband
1800-1805 Under study in CEPT Wireless Broadband, Flexible use
1805-1880 GSM1800 (DL)
UMTS1800 (DL)
1880-1900 DECT
Table 4-1: Systems operating in adjacent bands of UMTS1800
Based on the list of systems adjacent to the UMTS1800 frequency band in table 4-1, the sharing studies between
UMTS1800 and the following systems are considered in this report:
1) DECT
2) METSAT
3) Radio microphone
4) Fixed service
ECC REPORT 96
Page 56
4.2 Compatibility study between UMTS1800 and DECT
4.2.1 DECT system characteristics
Main DECT system characteristics are summarized in tables 4-2 to 4-6.
DECT
Frequency band (UL & DL) (MHz) 1880-1900
Carrier separation (MHz) 1.728
Modulation GMSK
BS MS
Maximum Tx power (dBm) 24 dBm (250 mW) 24 dBm (250 mW)
Receiver bandwidth (MHz) 1.152 1.152
Antenna height (m) 0.8 1.5
Table 4-2: Main DECT system parameters
Emissions on
RF channel Y
Maximum
power level
Maximum
power level
Frequency
Offset
1. Y=Mt1 160 W -8 dBm F=+/ -1.728 MHz
2. Y=Mt2 1 W -30 dBm F=+/ -3.456 MHz
3. Y=Mt3 80 nW -41 dBm F=+/ -5.184 MHz
4. Y>Mt3 40 nW -44 dBm any other channel
Table 4-3: Spectrum mask
Note: M is the Equipment Under Test (EUT) transmitting channel (carrier) and Y is a legal DECT channel
other than the EUT transmit channel.
Emission due to modulation Mask
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
1
(1728 kHz)
2
(3456 kHz)
3
(5184 kHz)
4
(6912 kHz)
Adjacent DECT channels (frequency offset)
Ma
xi
mu
m
Ra
dia
ted
Po
we
r
(d
B
m)
DECT mask (dBm) meeting
the DECTstandard
DECT eq.uipment
actual values (dBm)
-8 dBm
(1MHz)
-30 dBm
(1MHz)
-44 dBm
(1MHz)
-47 dBm
(1MHz)
Figure 4-1: DECT emission mask

ECC REPORT 96
Page 57
The spurious emissions shall not be greater than -36 dBm (250 nW) at frequencies below 1 GHz and -30 dBm (1 W) at
frequencies above 1 GHz. The measurement bandwidth is given in table 4-4.
Frequency offset from
edge of band
Resolution
Bandwidth
0 - 2 MHz 30 kHz
2 - 5 MHz 30 kHz
5 - 10 MHz 100 kHz
10 - 20 MHz 300 kHz
Table 4-4: Spurious emission measurement filter bandwidth
The C/I requirements are set with respect to the ability of DECT equipment to continue receiving in the presence of an
interfering signal on the same or different DECT RF channel. Wanted signal level: -73dBm
Interferer on
RF channel
Interfering
signal strength
C/I Frequency
Range (MHz)
Frequency at
GSM band edge
(MHz)
Y=M=F0 -84 dBm 11 dB F= 0 1881.792
Y=M +/- 1 -60 dBm -13 dB F =+/- 1.728 1880.064
Y=M +/- 2 -39 dBm -34 dB F =+/- 3.456 1878.336
Y=M +/- 3 -33 dBm -40 dB F =+/- 5.184 1876.606
Table 4-5: C/I requirement
The RF carriers Y shall include the three nominal DECT RF carrier positions immediately outside each edge of the
DECT band.
Frequency (f) Continuous wave interferer level Comments
25 MHz f 1780 MHz -23 dBm GSM MS transmitter band
1780 f 1875 MHz -33 dBm GSM BTS transmitter band
|f-FC| > 6 MHz -43 dBm GSM BTS transmitter band
1905 MHz < f 2000 MHz -33 dBm not relevant
2000 MHz <f 12.75 GHz -23 dBm not relevant
Table 4-6: Receiver blocking
*FC is DECT RF channel (carrier) for wanted signal: c = 0, 1, ... ,9.
4.2.2 UMTS1800 system characteristics
UMTS1800 system parameters can be found in ECC Report 82. The UMTS1800 BS system parameters used in the
compatibility study between UMTS1800 and DECT are summarized in table 4-7.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 58
UMTS FDD 1800MHz
Downlink band (MHz) 1805-1880
Uplink band (MHz) 1710-1785
Carrier separation (MHz) 5
Channel raster 200
BS UE
Urban indoor Rural outdoor Urban indoor Rural outdoor
Maximum Tx power (dBm) 24 43 21 21
Receiver bandwidth (MHz) 3.84 3.84 3.84 3.84
Thermal noise (dBm) -108 -108 -108 -108
Noise figure (dB) 5 5 12 12
Noise floor (dBm) -103 -103 -96 -96
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -111 -121 -117 -117
Antenna height (m) 2 30 1.5 1.5
Antenna gain (dBi) 0 17 0 0
Feeder loss (dB) 3 3 0 0
Cell radius (km) 0.3 10 0.3 10
Table 4-7: UMTS system parameters
Indoor penetration parameters:
- Wall Loss (indoor / indoor)= 5dB
- Wall Loss (outdoor / indoor)= 12dB
4.2.3 Interference analysis between UMTS1800 and DECT
Figure 4-2: DECT frequency band is adjacent to UMTS1800 DL
As shown in figure 4-2, the DECT frequency band 1880-1900 MHz is adjacent to the UMTS1800 downlink block 1805-
1880 MHz band. It is also adjacent to the UTRA-TDD band 1900-1920 MHz. The adjacent band compatibility study
between DECT and UTRA-TDD has been described in ERC Report 65 [11]. The adjacent band compatibility study
between DECT and DCS1800 was described in ERC Report 31 [15] and ERC Report 100 [16].
The aim is to assess the impact of DECT on UMTS FDD 1800MHz DL and vice versa. The frequency band 1800 MHz, currently
used by GSM1800, is envisaged for new UMTS FDD where the frequency plan will be: 1710-1785 MHz for the Uplink and
1805-1880 MHz for the Downlink. DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) is a digital wireless
technology that is most commonly used for local cordless coverage in both home and corporate phone systems. Indoor RFP
(Radio Fixed Part) with indoor PP (Portable Part) is the most common DECT installation. Only the impact on the UMTS
1800 Downlink is assessed because the frequency band is closest to the DECT band.
To evaluate interference between DECT and UMTS1800 DL, the studies were done with the Monte-Carlo software
SEAMCAT 3, except when scenarios imply two fixed bases.
SEAMCAT (Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool) is a generic radio compatibility analysis
software tool developed within the frame of the CEPT Working Group Spectrum Engineering (SE). It quantifies the
interference level in scenarios involving victim and interfering radio systems, by taking into account the statistical nature of
received signals.
1710
1785 1805
1880
1900
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
DECT
UTRA-TDD
1920
1710
1785 1805
1880
1900
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
DECT
UTRA-TDD
1710
1785 1805
1880
1900
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
DECT
1710
1785 1805
1880
1900
1805
1880
1900
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
DECT
UTRA-TDD
1920
ECC REPORT 96
Page 59
When assessing the impact on UMTS CDMA DL, calculations were done with SEAMCAT 3 and consequently results are
expressed in term of capacity losses and number of dropped users. For the impact on DECT mobiles, the results are
expressed in term of probability of interference.
The main parameters can be seen in Table 4-2. DECT uses Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) to combat interference. In
case interference occurs on one channel, DECT has the ability to select another one, without loss of communication. To
illustrate DCA in SEAMCAT 3, the interfering frequency was set to an equal probability distribution of frequency between
1880 MHz and 1900 MHz. The distance between RFP and PP was set to 100 m, the common DECT range indoor.
ERC Report 65 describes the sharing study between UMTS UTRA-TDD 1900-1920 MHz and DECT, and the worst co-
existence scenarios of that report have been taken for this study. There are two main scenarios, where DECT interferes with
UMTS1800 and when UMTS1800 interferes with DECT. The list of co-existence scenarios is given below:
a) Interference from DECT to UMTS1800
- DECT DL indoor on UMTS 1800 DL indoor
- DECT UL indoor on UMTS 1800 DL indoor
- DECT DL indoor on UMTS 1800 DL outdoor
- DECT UL indoor on UMTS 1800 DL outdoor
b) Interference from UMTS1800 to DECT
- UMTS 1800 DL indoor on DECT DL indoor
- UMTS 1800 DL indoor on DECT UL indoor
- UMTS 1800 DL outdoor on DECT DL indoor
- UMTS 1800 DL outdoor on DECT UL indoor
The characteristics of two types of BS are used for two different cases of simulation for network UMTS1800 DL. For the
first case, an above-roof macro BTS (Wide Area BS) with indoor UE, and, in the other case, an indoor pico BS (Local area
BS) with indoor UE.
4.2.4 Interference analysis and simulation results
For different co-existence interference analysis scenarios described above, Monte-Carlo simulations with SEAMCAT have
been performed and summarised below.
i) Interference from DECT RFP to UMTS 1800 DL
UMTS 1800 indoor picocell DL as victim
The simulation results of the interference from DECT RFP to indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 UE are given in table 4-8.
Distance RFP-UE iRSS unwanted (dBm) iRSS blocking (dBm) Capacity loss (%)
5 m -179.7 -146.9 3.53
10 m -180.3 -147.7 3.23
250 m -183.5 -150.2 3.06
500 m -189 -156.5 2.54
Table 4-8: Simulation results of interferences from DECT to pico-cell UMTS1800 DL (indoor)
These simulation results show that DECT has very limited impacts on UMTS1800 DL. In the case DECT DL on UMTS
1800 DL indoor, the capacity loss never exceeds 4% and the number of dropped users never exceeds 5% of the total users.
The difference between the DECT Downlink and Uplink is not very relevant because the maximum Tx power, the
sensitivity and antenna gain are the same for the DECT RFP and PP. So, it can be assumed that there are no differences for
the simulations between DECT DL and DECT UL. The results confirm this hypothesis. Between DECT DL on UMTS 1800
DL indoor and DECT UL on UMTS 1800 DL indoor, there is no difference, the capacity loss of the UMTS1800 DL never
exceeds 4%.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 60
UMTS 1800 above roof macro cell
The simulation results of the interference from DECT RFP to macro-cell UMTS1800 DL (indoor) are given in table 4-9.
Distance RFP-UE iRSS unwanted (dBm) iRSS blocking (dBm) Capacity loss (%)
5m -230.6 -197.3 3.48
10m -230.6 -197.4 3.45
250m -230.8 -197.5 3.31
500m -231 -197.9 3.27
Table 4-9: Simulation results of interferences from DECT to macrocell UMTS1800 DL (indoor)
It can be seen that the results are similar to that for the case of interference from DECT DL to the picocell UMTS 1800 DL
indoor, UMTS1800 DL capacity loss due to interference from DECT RFP is below 4%.
ii) Interference from UMTS1800 to DECT
For theses scenarios where the victim link is not a CDMA system, the results are not expressed in term of capacity loss or
dropped user. The interference criterion is chosen as the probability of interference C/I10dB.
Interference from indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 to DECT PP
The simulation results of the interference from indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 to indoor DECT PP are given in table 4-10.
Distance BS-PP iRSS unwanted (dBm) iRSS blocking (dBm) Interference probability
(%)
10m -81.8 -76.9 74.6
20m -95.5 -90.7 46.3
30m -104.1 -99.2 27.7
40m -113.9 -109.2 17.6
50m -116.1 -111.2 12.9
60m -121 -116.2 6.5
65m -125.8 -120.9 4.1
70m -130.2 -125.4 2.8
Table 4-10: Simulation results of interferences from indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 to DECT PP (indoor)
These results show that, for not exceeding an interference probability of 5%, an exclusion zone of 65 m has to be set
between the indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 Base Station and DECT PP receivers. Otherwise, without an exclusion zone, and
since interference is from indoor fixed pico-cell base stations, if an operator plans such a deployment, additional filtering
on these base stations might be needed to prevent the potential interference from pico-cell UMTS1800 BS to DECT PP.
Interference from outdoor macro-cell UMTS1800 to DECT PP
The simulation results of the interference from outdoor macro-cell UMTS1800 to indoor DECT PP are given in table 4-11.
Distance BS-PP iRSS unwanted (dBm) iRSS blocking (dBm) Interference probability
(%)
50m -81.5 -76.6 77.2
100m -100.4 -95.6 37.3
200m -107.3 -102.4 26.6
300m -111.5 -106.7 19.5
400m -114.6 -109.8 13.5
500m -116.8 -111.9 9.3
600m -118.2 -113.3 6.8
700m -119.6 -113.8 4.9
Table 4-11: Simulation results of interferences from outdoor macro-cell UMTS1800 to DECT PP (indoor)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 61
These results show that, so as not to exceed the interference probability of 5%, the first base station must be at 700 m
distance from the DECT building. Noting that such an occurrence is very low in a rural environment, a separation distance
from base stations to buildings using DECT technology inside should not create any difficulty for UMTS1800 deployment.
4.2.5 Conclusions
The simulation results described above for the defined co-existence scenarios between UMTS1800 and DECT lead to the
following conclusions:
1) UMTS1800 macro-cells can be deployed in the same geographical area in co-existence with DECT which is deployed
inside of the buildings, as the interference between DECT RFP and PP and macro-cellular UMTS1800 BS and UE is
not a problem;
2) When pico-cellular UMTS1800 BS is deployed inside of the building in co-existence with DECT RFP and PP
deployed in the same building indoor area, some potential interference is likely to exist from indoor pico-cellular
UMTS1800 BS to DECT if they are placed too close and they are operating in the adjacent channel at 1880 MHz;
3) The following interference mitigation techniques could be used to address the potential interference from indoor pico-
cellular UMTS1800 to indoor DECT RFP and PP when they are operating at the adjacent frequency point of 1880
MHz;
a) Space separation between indoor pico-cell UMTS1800 BS and DECT RFP or PP of 65 m or more;
b) External filter on indoor pico-cellular UMTS1800 BS;
c) Avoiding the adjacent frequencies of 1880 MHz for indoor pico-cellular UMTS1800 BS and DECT or operate with
reduced transmitting power if necessary.
In term of interference analysis, the DECT system has the DCA (Dynamic Channel Allocation) mechanism which allows it
to avoid efficiently an interfered channel, except if both systems are deployed indoors.
Indeed, although DECT uses DCA, interference analysis shows that, in the case of UMTS1800 indoor pico-cellular
deployment with the frequency channel adjacent to the DECT frequency band, the usage of some interference mitigation
technique may be necessary to prevent potential interference to indoor DECT RFP or PP.
However, in practice, GSM1800 deployment has demonstrated that no additional interference mitigation techniques are
really needed. This statement can be assumed to be extended to the compatibility between UMTS1800 and DECT systems.
4.3 Compatibility consideration between UMTS1800 and METSAT
4.3.1 Main characteristics of METSAT
Meteorological satellite service (Space to earth) system characteristics are described in ITU-R Recommendation SA.1158
[10]. The main system parameters of the meteorological satellite system operating in the frequency range 1698-1710 MHz
are summarized in table 4-12.
Meteorological satellite Earth Stations are normally receiving data at elevation angles above typically 5 but have to
support occasional satellite passes with lower elevation angles.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 62
Table 4-12: Meteorological satellite data used for the simulation
4.3.2 Interference analysis considerations
Figure 4-3: Interference scenario between UMTS (GSM) UL and METSAT DL
The compatibility between meteorological satellite and MSS (Mobile Satellite System) has been studied and described in
ITU-R Recommendation SA.1158 [10]. The compatibility between meteorological satellite Earth Stations operating in the
frequency range 1700-1710 MHz and GSM1800 has not been studied. GSM1800 has been deployed and in extensive use
over many years, and there has been no interference problem between GSM1800 and METSAT. As shown in figure 4-3 the
interference scenario between UMTS/GSM mobile station and METSAT Earth Station takes into account that the
METSAT Earth Station antenna radiation pattern has very small back lobes or side lobe, and that the possible interference
signal, if any, from ground mobile station is in principle strongly attenuated.
As shown in table 4-1, the METSAT operating frequency range of 1700-1710 MHz is adjacent to the
UMTS1800/GSM1800 uplink frequency block at 1710-1785 MHz. The ACLR of GSM1800 mobile stations and
UMTS1800 UE are given in ECC Report 82. GSM1800 MS adjacent channel leakage power ratio at 5 MHz is ACLR=43.8
dB/3.84 MHz; for UMTS1800 UE ACLR = 33 dB/3.84 MHz.
Satellite
Orbit height
(km)
Inclination
(degrees)
Lower frequency
(MHz)
Upper frequency
(MHz)
FY-1 870
870
98.7
98.7
1 698
1 705.5
1 703
1 710
METOP 827
827
98.7
98.7
1 698.75
1 704.75
1 703.25
1 709.25
SPOT 822 98.7 1 703 1 705
METEOR 1 020
1 020
99.6
99.6
1 698.5
1 703.5
1 701.5
1 706.5
NOAA 850
850
98.7
98.7
1 698.75
1 704.75
1 703.25
1 709.25
ADMIN1-A 840 98.7 1 698 1 702
ADMIN1-B 840 98.7 1 702 1 706
ADMIN2-A 840 98.7 1 702 1 706
ADMIN2-B 840 98.7 1 706 1 710
ADMIN3 840 98.7 1 706 1 710
ECC REPORT 96
Page 63
GSM1800 MS maximum Tx power is of 30 dBm, without uplink power control, the leakage power of GSM1800 MS at its
5 MHz adjacent frequency range is 30 43.8 = -13.8 dBm.
UMTS1800 UE maximum Tx power is 21 dBm, without uplink power control, the leakage power of UMTS1800 UE at its
5 MHz adjacent frequency range is 21 33 = -12 dBm. But in fact, UMTS uplink power control is always activated, and
the simulated outdoor UMTS UE Tx power distribution results were described in ECC Report 82. At the 90% percentile,
the UMTS UE Tx power is -22.4 dBm, and with this more realistic UMTS UE Tx power, the UMTS UE leakage power at
its 5 MHz adjacent frequency range is -22.4 33 = -55.4 dBm, which is much lower than that of GSM1800 MS.
The potential interference from METSAT DL to UMTS1800 UE is not covered in this report; this issue is left for future
further study if it appears necessary.
4.3.3 Conclusions
From the frequency arrangement between METSAT and UMTS1800, the possible interference scenario is the interference
from UMTS UE into METSAT Earth Station. The METSAT system has been in adjacent operation with GSM1800 for
many years, and as a matter of fact METSAT Earth Stations were not interfered with by GSM MS transmissions. A
comparison of adjacent leakage power between GSM MS and UMTS UE indicates that the effective UMTS UE adjacent
channel leakage power is much lower than GSM adjacent channel leakage power, so it is believed that the interference
from UMTS UE to METSAT Earth Stations operating in adjacent frequency band is unlikely to be a problem.
4.4 Compatibility consideration between UMTS1800 and Radio microphones
4.4.1 Main characteristics of Radio Microphones
Radio microphone system characteristics are described in ERC Report 63[13], ERC/REC 70-03E [21], ETSI standard
EN300422 [14], they are summarized in table 4-13.
Parameter
Value
Transmitter output power hand held 13 dBm (20 mW)
Transmitter output power body worn 17 dBm (50 mW)
Transmitter spectrum mask as set out in ETSI EN 300 422, shown in figure
4-4
Bandwidth (-60 dB) analogue as set out in ETSI EN300 422 (max.
200 kHz)
digital approx. 300 kHz
(which is not in compliance with ETSI EN
300 422)
Body effect loss hand held 6 dB
Body effect loss body worn 14 dB
Receiver input power Analogue : - 68 dBm/74 dB(V/m);
Digital: - 85 dBm/57 dB(V/m)
C/I ratio Analogue: 25 dB
Digital: 18 dB
Max. interfering field strength Analogue: 49 dB(V/m)
Digital: 39 dB(V/m)
Receiver spectrum mask Shown in figure 4-5
Operating modes indoor and outdoor
Channel selection no dynamic channel selection, frequency tuning
possible throughout the frequency range.
Table 4-13: Main characteristics of radio microphone
ECC REPORT 96
Page 64
B
fc + 0,35B
fc - 0,35B
0dB
-10
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Unmodulated
carrier
reference
fc - 1 MHz
fc - B fc -
B
_
2
B
_
2
fc fc +
fc + B
fc + 1 MHz
fc = Transmitter carrier frequency
-20
Figure 4-4: Microphone transmitter spectrum mask (normalized to channel bandwidth B)
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
Frequency offset from centre freq. (kHz)
L
e
v
e
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

to

w
a
n
te
d
s
i
g
n
a
l

(
d
B
c
)

Figure 4-5: Microphone receiver mask
ECC REPORT 96
Page 65
4.4.2 Interference analysis
Interference analysis between GSM1800 and Radio Microphones operating in adjacent frequency bands was described in
ERC Report 63[13]. The same interference analysis method can be used for the interference analysis between UMTS1800
and Radio Microphones operating in adjacent bands. The conclusion of the interference analysis between GSM1800 and
Radio Microphones was that a guard band of 700 kHz (1785 - 1785.7 MHz) was recommended for avoiding potential
interference problems between radio microphones and GSM1800.
Figure 4-6: Radio Microphone frequency band is adjacent to UMTS1800 UL
For the compatibility between radio microphones and UMTS1800, there is a need to verify through interference analysis
whether the recommended guard band of 700 kHz in ERC Report 63 [10] is sufficient for ensuring the good compatibility
between UMTS1800 and radio microphones operating in the adjacent band.
UMTS1800 BS receiver narrow band blocking is defined in 3GPP TS25.104 (Rel-7), wide area BS receiver narrow band
blocking was defined as -47 dBm at 2.8 MHz from its central carrier frequency. The ACS of UMTS BS receiver calculated
with the narrow band blocking is 51.3 dB as described in ECC Report 82.
With a 700 kHz guard band, the nearest digital radio microphone carrier will be at 1785.85 MHz. The UMTS1800 carrier
would normally be at 1782.5 MHz, thus the carrier separation between UMTS carrier and the nearest digital radio
microphone is 2.5+0.7+0.15=3.35 MHz, which is more than 2.8 MHz.
As UMTS1800 BS narrow band blocking was defined based on simulations that GSM1800 MS transmitting at its
maximum power of 30dBm (1 W), and by considering that radio microphones transmit at a maximum power of 13 dBm,
the interference from radio microphone to UMTS1800 BS will be much less than the possible interference from GSM1800
MS. It can be considered that the interference from radio microphones to UMTS BS should not be a problem.
4.4.3 Conclusions
Based on the interference analysis considerations between UMTS1800 and radio microphones, it can be considered that the
proposed guard band of 700 kHz in ERC Report 63 and ERC/REC 70-03E is sufficient for protecting UMTS1800 BS
receivers under the condition that the radio microphone maximum transmitting power is limited to 13 dBm (20 mW) for
hand held microphones and 17 dBm (50 mW) for body worn microphones, as recommended in ERC Report 63 and
ERC/REC 70-03E.
4.5 Compatibility study between UMTS1800 and Fixed Services
Compatibility between UMTS and Fixed Services operating in co-frequency and adjacent bands was studied and reported
in ERC Report 65 [11] and ERC Report 64 [12]. As described in these two ERC Reports, the critical interference scenarios
are between UMTS BS and Fixed Service stations, the interference between UMTS UE and Fixed Services was not
considered.
As indicated in table 4-1, the Fixed Service frequency range is adjacent to UMTS1800 UL, and the potential interference, if
any, will be between Fixed Service and UMTS1800 BS. The interference analysis method used in the two ERC Reports can
be used to derive the coordination distance, that is the space separation between UMTS BS and Fixed Service stations as a
function of frequency separations between UMTS base station and Fixed service station, as an interference prevention
solution, as described in ERC Reports 64 and 65.
4.6 Conclusions
The compatibility between UMTS1800 and systems operating in adjacent bands, including DECT, METSAT and Radio
microphones, has been studied and described in this chapter. Based on the interference analysis, the following conclusions
can be made:
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1800
Microphone
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1710
1785 1805
1880
1805
1880
UMTS1800 UL
UMTS1800 DL
1800
Microphone
ECC REPORT 96
Page 66
1) Interference analysis shows that potential interference between UMTS1800 and DECT does not appear to be a
problem, except for the case where an UMTS1800 pico BS is installed in indoor environment close to DECT PP
or RFP. For this deployment scenario, an additional filter could be required for preventing the potential
interference from indoor pico-cellular UMTS1800 BS to DECT PP or RFP when they are close to each other and
operating at the adjacent frequencies of 1880 MHz. In practice, DECT system has a DCA (Dynamic Channel
Allocation) mechanism which allows it to avoid interference. GSM1800 deployment has demonstrated that no
additional interference mitigation techniques are really needed in practice.
2) The preliminary analysis indicates that the potential interference between UMTS1800 UE and METSAT Earth
Stations should not be a problem.
3) The preliminary interference analysis leads to the conclusion that with the existing guard band of 700 kHz from
the radio microphones frequency band the potential interference from radio microphones to UMTS1800 BS should
not be a problem, if the radio microphone maximum transmit power is limited to 13 dBm (20 mW) for hand held
microphones and 17 dBm (50 mW) for body worn microphones, as recommended in ERC Report 63 and
ERC/REC 70-03E.
5 REFERENCES
[1] ECC Report 82, Report on the compatibility study for UMTS being deployed within GSM900 and GSM1800
frequency bands, 2006-04
[2] ECC PT1(05)077, Proposal of UMTS900/1800 system characteristics for sharing study with systems operating in
adjacent bands, Source: France
[3] ECC PT1(05)078, Systems operating in adjacent bands of UMTS900/1800 bands and their main characteristics,
Source: France
[4] ECC PT1(06)028R1, Working document towards a draft report on sharing study for UMTS operating in 900 MHz and
1800 MHz bands, Source: UK
[5] ECC PT1(06)022, Sharing study for the co-existence between UMTS900 and GSM-R, Source: France
[6] 3GPP TS45.005 (Rel-5): GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network, Radio Transmission and Reception
[7] ECC Report 41: Adjacent Band Compatibility between GSM and CDMA-PAMR at 915 MHz, Feb. 2004
[8] ETSI EN 301 449 V1.1.1 (2005), Harmonized EN for CDMA spread spectrum base stations operating on the 450 MHz
cellular band (CDMA450) and 410, 45 and 870 MHz PAMR bands (CDMA PAMR) covering essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
[9] ECC Report 5: Adjacent Band Compatibility between GSM and TETRA Mobile Services at 915 MHz, June 2002
[10] ITU-R Recommendation SA1158-3: Feasibility of frequency sharing in the 1 670-1 710 MHz band between the
meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth) and
the mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space), 2003
[11] ERC Report 65: Adjacent Band Compatibility Between UMTS and Other Services in the 2 GHz Band, Nov. 1999
[12] ERC Report 64: Frequency sharing between UMTS and existing fixed services, May 1999
[13] ERC Report 63: Introduction of Radio Microphone Applications in the Frequency Range 1785-1800 MHz, May
1998[14] ETSI EN 300 422-1, V1.2.2 (2000-08), Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test
methods
[15] ERC Report 31: Compatibility between DECT and DCS1800, June 1994
[16] ERC Report 100: Compatibility between certain Radiocommunications Systems Operating in Adjacent Bands:
Evaluation of DECT / GSM1800 Compatibility, Feb., 2000
[17] ECC PT1(06)066, Sharing study between DECT and UMTS operating in the 1800 MHz band, April 2006
[18] ECC PT1(06)124, Analytical study of the coexistence between GSM-R and UMTS 900 based on the comparison of
UMTS and GSM out-of-band emissions, June 2006
[19] ECC PT1(06)134, GSM-R and UMTS 900 Compatibility, June 2006
[20] ECC PT1(06)125, Adjacent band compatibility at 960 MHz between UMTS 900 and aeronautical systems (DME),
June 2006
[21] ERC/REC 70-03E (Annex 10), Radio microphones and Assistive Listening Devices
[22] EC Interoperability Directives (96/48/EC, 2001/16/EC and 2004/50/EC)
ECC REPORT 96
Page 67
ANNEX 1 - GSM900 AND UMTS900 ACLR PROFILES
This section presents the ACLR (Adjacent Channel power Leakage Ratio) of GSM and UMTS when they are deployed in
the GSM 900 band. The ACLR figures are calculated for a receiver bandwidth of 200 kHz in order to be able to estimate
the out-of-band emissions into an adjacent GSM-R receiver channel.
Base Station ACLR
The UMTS900 Base Station ACLR is derived from the 3GPP technical specification TS 25.104 v7.3.0 (2006-03).
The GSM900 Base Station ACLR is derived from the 3GPP technical specification TS 45.005 v7.5.0 (2006-04).
UMTS and GSM BS and UE out-of-band emissions are also given in ECC Report 82 section 4.2.
Figure A1-1 below presents the ACLR figures in a 200 kHz channel bandwidth. The UMTS900 ACLR is at the same level
as the GSM900 ACLR when a 200 kHz guard band is kept between UMTS channel and the GSM-R channel (see circle in
red).
2,6 2,8 3,2 3,0 3,4 3,6 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,4 4,6
Figure A1-1: BS ACLRs
It is a fundamental operational requirement for any communications system that the out-of-band emissions from the
transmitter do not desensitise a co-located receiver. All macro base stations use receiver diversity, and macro cell sites use
two antennas per sector. Therefore, the macro base station will include a duplexer, which will provide additional filtering of
the transmitted signal. The duplexer must provide sufficient attenuation of the transmitted signal in the receive band to
reduce the out-of-band emissions of the transmitter to well below the noise floor of the receiver. For, UMTS900, the
transmit and receive band are quite close together, so the band-pass component of duplex filter will need roll-off very
quickly outside the transmit band.
Terminal ACLR
The UMTS900 Terminal ACLR is derived from the 3GPP technical specification TS 25.101 v7.3.0 (2006-03).
The GSM900 Terminal ACLR is derived from the 3GPP technical specification TS 45.005 v7.5.0 (2006-04).
Figure A1-2 below presents the ACLR figures in a 200 kHz channel bandwidth.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 68
2,6 2,8 3,2 3,0 3,4 3,6 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,4 4,6
Figure A1-2 - Terminal ACLRs
ECC REPORT 96
Page 69
ANNEX 2 - INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS CALCULATION WITH MCL APPROACH FOR THE
CO-EXISTENCE BETWEEN UMTS900 AND GSM-R
PART A. THE BASIC INTERFERENCES CASES
The same Rural area propagation model (Hata model) and simulation parameters as used in the Monte-Carlo simulations
for UMTS 900-GSM-R compatibility, are used in the following calculations.
System parameters
WCDMA BS antenna gain with cable loss included = 15dBi
BS Transmit power +43dBm
UE antenna height Hms=1.5 m
UE antenna gain 0 dBi (omni-directional pattern)
UE transmit power -55.8dBm in 1MHz
GSM-R BS antenna gain with cable loss included = 15dBi
BS antenna height Hbs=20 m
MS antenna height Hms=4.5 m (train mounted MS)
Train mounted MS antenna gain 2 dBi (omni-directional
pattern)
Services GSM-R Limit of coverage as defined in UIC Eirene Specification is
-98dBm at 95% probability in any 100m length of track
Speech - SINR target (downlink): 9 dB
Maximum Outage or Call Drop ratio: 1%
SINR target (uplink): 6 dB
Data
SINR target (downlink): 12 dB
Maximum Outage or Call Drop ratio: 0.5%
Propagation
Model
WCDMA
and GSM-
R
Rural area propagation model(Hata model)
L (R)= 69.55 +26.16 log f13.82log(Hb)+[44.9-6.55log(Hb)]logR
4.78(Log f)
2
+18.33 log f -40.94 a(Hm)
Hb is BS antenna height above ground in m, f is frequency in
MHz, R is distance in km, Hm is the MS antenna height in m.
a (Hm) = [1.1*log(f) - 0.7]*Hm - [1.56*log(f) - 0.8]

Transmitter/receive
r characteristics
WCDMA As per spectrum masks defined in TS 25.101, TS 25.104
(applying the appropriate measurement BW correction)
GSM-R As defined in EN300910
Table A2-1: System parameters
Case 1. Out-of-band emissions UMTS 900 BS to GSM-R MS
Using a frequency of 925MHz and the parameters in the table above the propagation model is simplified to L(R) =
34.1xlogR +88 dB.
GSM-R Highest channel (speech)
UMTS emission at carrier separation of 2.8 MHz -15dBm in 30kHz = -7 dBm in 200kHz
Allowed Received Signal level (-98-9) = -107dBm
Transmit Antenna Gain +15dB
Receive Antenna Gain +2dB
Fading Margin -10dB
Resulting allowed path loss 107dB
LogR =(107-88)/34.1 R = 3.6 km
ECC REPORT 96
Page 70
Without Fading Margin R = 7.1 km
GSM-R Highest channel (data)
UMTS emission at carrier separation of 2.8 MHz -15 dBm in 30kHz = -7 dBm in 200kHz
Fading Margin -10dB
Resulting allowed path loss 110dB
LogR =(110-88)/34.1 R = 4.4km
Without fading Magin R = 8.7 km
GSM-R Fourth channel (speech)
UMTS emission at carrier separation of 3.4 MHz -25dBm in 30kHz = -16.8dBm in 200kHz
Fading Margin -10dB
Resulting allowed path loss 97.2dB
LogR =(97.2-88)/34.1 R = 1.8km
Without fading margin R = 3.6 km
GSM-R Fourth channel (data)
UMTS emission at carrier separation of 3.4 MHz -25dBm in 30kHz = -16.8dBm in 200kHz
Fading Margin -10dB
LogR =(100.2-88)/34.1 R = 2.2km
Without fading margin R = 4.8 km
GSM-R Remaining channels (speech)
UMTS emission at carrier separation higher than 3.4 MHz -28dBm in 30kHz = -19.8dBm in 200kHz
Fading Margin -10dB
LogR =(94.2-88)/34.1 R = 1.5km
Without fading Margin R = 3.0 km
GSM-R Remaining channels (data)
UMTS emission at carrier separation higher than 3.4 MHz -28dBm in 30kHz = -19.8dBm in 200kHz
Fading Margin -10dB
LogR =(97.2-88)/34.1 R = 1.9km
Without Fading Margin R = 3.7 km
Case 1bis.
GSM-R Highest channel (carrier separation =2.8 MHz)
Propagation model: Free space
Transmit Power = -7 dBm in 200kHz
ECC REPORT 96
Page 71
Noise level -121 dBm/200 kHz
Transmit Antenna Gain +18 dBi
Feeder cable loss 3 dB
Receive Antenna Gain +0dBi
Receive cable feeder loss 2
Noise Figure 5 dB
C/I 9 dB
Sensitivity of GSM-R (-121+2+5+9) = -105 dBm
Free space loss (distance=500 m) 85.7 dB
Sensitivity decrease (eirp UMTS free space loss + C/I- sensitivity of GSM-R) 36.3 dB
GSM-R Highest channel (UMTS900 central frequency =957.4 MHz)
Propagation model: Free space
Transmit Power = -23 dBm in 200 kHz
Noise level -121 dBm/200 kHz
Transmit Antenna Gain +18 dBi
Feeder cable loss 3 dB
Receive cable feeder loss 2 dB
Noise Figure 5 dB
C/I 9 dB
Sensitivity of GSM-R (-121+2+5+9) = -105 dBm
Free space loss (distance=500 m) 85.7 dB
Sensitivity decrease (Eirp UMTS free space loss + C/I- sensitivity of GSM-R) 20.3 dB
Case 2. Blocking UMTS 900 BS to GSM-R MS
1
Using a frequency of 925MHz and the parameters in the table above the propagation model is simplified to L(R) =
34.1logR +88 dB.
Transmit Power +43dBm in 3840 kHz = 30.2 dBm in 200kHz
Allowed Received Signal level -38dBm
Transmit Antenna Gain +15dBi
Fading Margin -10dB
LogR =(75.2-88)/34.1 R = 420m
Without Fading Margin R= 830m
With LOS model and without fading margin R= 470m
Case 3. Blocking UMTS 900 BS (wide area BS) to GSM-R BTS
1
Using a frequency of 925MHz and the parameters in the Table above the propagation model is simplified to L(R) =
34.1logR +48.3 dB.
Transmit Power +43dBm in 3840kHz = 30.2dBm in 200kHz
Allowed Received Signal level +8dBm
Transmit Antenna Gain +15dBi
Fading Margin -10dB
LogR =(42.2-48.3)/34.1 R = 665m
Without Fading Margin R= 1.3km
With LOS model and without fading margin R= 11 m
1
These calculations are based on the requirements for blocking taking into account an unmodulated signal.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 72
Case 4. Blocking UMTS 900 BS (medium area BS) to GSM-R BTS
1

Using a frequency of 925MHz and setting the UMTS Micro BTS antenna height to 10m the propagation model is
simplified to L(R) = 38.4logR +57.3dB.
Transmit Power +38dBm in 3840kHz = 25.2dBm in 200kHz
Allowed Received Signal level +8dBm
Fading Margin -10dBi
LogR =(28.2-57.3)/38.4 R = 175m
Without fading margin R= 320m
With LOS model and without fading margin R= 2m
PART B. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES APPLYING MCL
In the following, an MCL analysis of the impact of the UMTS900 BS interference on the GSM-R MS is presented. It
assumes a worst case scenario as shown in Figure A2-1 below. For this analysis the relation of the wanted signal and the
signal of the interferer has to be considered.
Figure A2-1 Worst case scenario: UMTS900 BS interference to GSM-R MS
The worst case interference occurs when a GSM-R MS is located near the edge of its serving cell, and a UMTS900 BS is
located with closest distance to the railway track just at the GSM-R cell edge area, and its sector antenna points right to this
area. The wideband noise emission of the UMTS900 BS would then add to the thermal noise floor of the MS RX and the
GSM-R inter-cell interference.
In the following, two calculations examples are given for different GSM-R cell ranges 8 km and 5 km.
Example 1: GSM-R cell range = 8 km (according Table 3.2)
Inter cell interference power:
Assumptions: frequency re-use = 6, 2-sector sites (see figure Figure ); GSM-R BTS antenna height = 45 m, MS
antenna height = 4.5 m
Propagation loss at interferer distance 48 km acc. to ITU-R Rec. P370-7: 179 dB
(Hata model would result in 150 dB, but is not applicable at this long distance)
Co-channel interference at MS: 60 dBm (EIRP) 179 dB = -119 dBm (isotropic)
Thermal noise floor of GSM-R MS at antenna: -121 +2 (feeder) + 7 (noise figure) = -112 dBm;
N + I at MS antenna = -111.2 dBm.
I.e. the GSM-R network is effectively thermal noise limited.
Wanted signal at MS at cell edge:
GSM-R BTS TX power 45 dBm (30 W)
Feed line loss 3 dB
MS
UMTS
BS
GSM-R
BS
GSM-R cell
Railway
track
5 8 km
d
GSM-R
BS
F 1
F 2 F 3 F 4
ECC REPORT 96
Page 73
TX Antenna gain 18 dBi
EIRP 60 dBm
Propagation loss 124 dB
(at cell edge / 8 km, Hata rural quasi-open, ant. heights 45 m / 4.5 m)
Shadow fading margin 8 dB ( = 5 dB, location prob. cell border 95%, cell area 98.9%)
Wanted signal power -72 dBm (isotropic)
Interference at MS for f = 2.8 MHz (worst case assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
UMTS BS interference -7 dBm / 200 kHz
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP 5 dBm
Type of GSM-R transmission / required C/I voice / C/I = 9 dB data / C/I = 12 dB
Acceptable Interference* (isotropic) -81 dBm -84 dBm
Required Propagation loss 86 dB 89 dB
Min. distance d (free space/LOS) 515 m 727 m
*) inter-cell interference -119 dBm is negligible
Interference at MS for f = 2.8 MHz (realistic assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
UMTS BS interference -13 dBm/ 200 kHz
(50% load and 3 dB margin against 3GPP limit)
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -1 dBm
Interference at MS for f = 3 MHz (realistic assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -4 dBm
Just for information below the case of
Interference at MS with realistic UMTS BS parameters / f = 12.8 MHz , lowest 10 MHz segment of EGSM band not used
by UMTS):
UMTS BS interference -29 dBm/ 200 kHz (50% load, 3 dB margin against 3GPP limit)
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -17 dBm
With additional filtering this situation could be further improved.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 74
Example 2: GSM-R cell range = 5 km (according Draft Rep. 96 chapter 3.2.4.1.1)
Inter cell interference power:
Assumptions: frequency re-use = 6, 2-sector sites (see figure Figure ); GSM-R BTS antenna height = 45 m, MS
antenna height = 4.5 m
Propagation loss at interferer distance = 30 km: acc. to ITU-R Rec. P370-7: 168 dB
Co-channel interference at MS: 60 dBm (EIRP) 168 dB = -108 dBm
Thermal Noise floor of GSM-R MS at antenna: -121 +2 (feeder) + 7 (noise figure) = -112 dBm;
N + I at MS antenna = -106.5 dBm.
I.e. the GSM-R network is interference limited.
Wanted signal at MS at cell edge:
GSM-R BTS TX power 45 dBm (30 W)
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP 60 dBm
Propagation loss 117 dB
(at cell edge / 5 km, Hata rural quasi-open, ant. heights 45 m / 4.5 m)
Shadow fading margin 8 dB ( = 5 dB, location prob. cell border 95%, cell area 98.9%)
Wanted signal power -65 dBm (isotropic)
Interference at MS for f = 2.8 MHz (worst case assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP 5 dBm
Interference at MS for f = 2.8 MHz (realistic assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -1 dBm
Interference at MS for f = 3 MHz (realistic assumptions for UMTS parameters) :
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -4 dBm
ECC REPORT 96
Page 75
Just for information below is provided the case of:
Interference at MS with realistic UMTS BS parameters / f = 12.8 MHz , lowest 10 MHz segment of EGSM band not used
by UMTS):
Feed line loss 3 dB
EIRP -17 dBm
Again with additional filtering this situation could be further improved.
ECC REPORT 96
Page 76
ANNEX 3 - ABBREVIATIONS
ACLR Adjacent Channel power Leakage Ratio
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
ARNS Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
C/I Carrier to Interference ratio
DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DME Distance Measurement Equipment
EPFD Equivalent Power Flux Density
FRS Future Radio System
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
GSM-R Railway System for Mobile communication
IST Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
ITM Irregular Terrain Model (Longley-Rice)
MCL Minimum Coupling Loss
MIDS Multifunctional Information Distribution System
NTIA National Telecommunications & Information Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce)
PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio
PMR Professional Mobile Radio
PSD Power Spectral Density
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
S/N Signal to Noise ratio
TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WCDMA Wideband CDMA
4-PSK 4-states Phase Shift Keying modulation

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ECC REPORT 96

COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN UMTS 900/1800 AND SYSTEMS

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