Theseus Keyword Manual

Keyword Manual
Version 4.2

P+Z Engineering GmbH, Munich
www.theseus-fe.com
THESEUS-FE 4.2 Keyword Manual
II

Legal Notices
Copyright 2012 P+Z Engineering GmbH. All Rights Reserved.

The information contained herein is the property of P+Z Engineering GmbH. Any use, copy, publication, distribution,
display, modification, or transmission of the information in whole or in part in any form or by any means without the prior
express written permission of P+Z Engineering GmbH is strictly prohibited. Except when expressly provided by P+Z
Engineering GmbH in writing, possession of this information shall not be construed to confer any license or rights under
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ALL COPIES OF THE INFORMATION, IF ALLOWED BY P+Z ENGINEERING GMBH, MUST DISPLAY THIS NOTICE
OF COPYRIGHT AND OWNERSHIP IN FULL.

THESEUS-FE
is a copyright protected and registered trademark of P+Z Engineering GmbH.

All other brand and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks and registered trademarks of their respective
owners.

Printed in Germany.
June 2012
III
About this manual

P+Z Engineering GmbH reserves the right to make changes or improvements to the
software product described in this document without notice. P+Z Engineering GmbH
assumes no responsibility for any factual or typographical errors or omissions that may
have occurred. P+Z Engineering GmbH has however made every effort to ensure that the
information contained in this Manual is accurate.

This manual introduces all the Keywords listed in the solver file (suffix tfe). These
Keywords control the THESEUS-FE solver.

Additional background information can be found in the
- GUI Manual
- Theory Manual
- Tutorial Manual
- Validation Manual
- Transformer Manual
also shipped with this release.

If you have any further questions, please contact:
P+Z Engineering GmbH
Anton-Ditt-Bogen 3
80939 Munich
Germany
Phone: +49 89 31857 466
Fax: +49 89 31857 333
To see the latest THESUES-FE software and services, please visit our web site at:
http://www.theseus-fe.com
Questions about pricing, sales, availability and general issues should be directed to:
sales@theseus-fe.com
Technical and scientific support issues should be addressed to:
support@theseus-fe.com
IV
1 GENERAL EXPLANATIONS.....................................................................1
Overview and changes from previous versions .................................................................... 2
Composition of a Solver File (.tfe-file) ................................................................................... 8
Starting the solver from the command line............................................................................ 9
Encryption and decryption of include files........................................................................... 10
NASTRAN Keywords supported by THESEUS-FE............................................................. 11
2 KEYWORDS.............................................................................................12
AIRZCPL............................................................................................................................. 13
AIRZONE............................................................................................................................ 14
AIRZPMV............................................................................................................................ 15
BC-C................................................................................................................................... 16
BC-C (advanced convection: USERID=AC...) ................................................................ 19
BC-EVAPO......................................................................................................................... 21
BC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-FIALA............................................................................................... 22
BC-HEAT............................................................................................................................ 25
BC-RAD.............................................................................................................................. 27
BC-SUN.............................................................................................................................. 28
BC-TEMP............................................................................................................................ 29
BC-VFCAV.......................................................................................................................... 30
CAVITY............................................................................................................................... 31
CBAR, CBEAM, CROD....................................................................................................... 34
CHEXA ............................................................................................................................... 35
CONM2............................................................................................................................... 36
CONTACT .......................................................................................................................... 37
CONTACTG........................................................................................................................ 38
CONTPRN.......................................................................................................................... 39
CPENTA............................................................................................................................. 40
CQUAD4............................................................................................................................. 41
CTETRA ............................................................................................................................. 42
CTRIA3............................................................................................................................... 43
DATAFILE........................................................................................................................... 44
DEFCONV.......................................................................................................................... 46
DEFRBE............................................................................................................................. 48
DEFSUN............................................................................................................................. 49
DEFSUNP........................................................................................................................... 53
DEFTAUTO ........................................................................................................................ 55
FECRIT............................................................................................................................... 56
FMBC.................................................................................................................................. 57
FMFILE............................................................................................................................... 59
GRID................................................................................................................................... 61
INCLUDE............................................................................................................................ 62
LINALG............................................................................................................................... 64
MANIKIN - FIALA-FE.......................................................................................................... 66
MANFBEL........................................................................................................................... 68
MANFDBG.......................................................................................................................... 69
MANFISO ........................................................................................................................... 70
MANFLAY........................................................................................................................... 71
MANFLAYR........................................................................................................................ 72
MANFPA1, MANFPA2, MANFPA3..................................................................................... 73
MANFPMV.......................................................................................................................... 74
MANFSBC.......................................................................................................................... 76
V
MANFSCL........................................................................................................................... 77
MANFSEC.......................................................................................................................... 78
MANFSETP........................................................................................................................ 79
MANFSLAY ........................................................................................................................ 80
MANFZLC........................................................................................................................... 81
MAPFILE ............................................................................................................................ 83
MAT4 .................................................................................................................................. 84
MAT4 - AIRLAYER ............................................................................................................. 85
MAT4 - VACLAYER............................................................................................................ 86
MAT5 .................................................................................................................................. 87
MONITOR........................................................................................................................... 88
MPC.................................................................................................................................... 89
OVEN.................................................................................................................................. 90
OVENNOZ.......................................................................................................................... 94
OVENREAD........................................................................................................................ 96
OVENRULE........................................................................................................................ 97
OVENSEC.......................................................................................................................... 98
OVENWALL...................................................................................................................... 101
PBAR, PBEAM, PROD..................................................................................................... 103
PCOMP............................................................................................................................. 104
PCOMPG.......................................................................................................................... 105
POSTABA......................................................................................................................... 106
POSTDAT......................................................................................................................... 107
POSTDOF ........................................................................................................................ 108
POSTFE ........................................................................................................................... 109
POSTFRQ ........................................................................................................................ 110
POSTGRP........................................................................................................................ 112
POSTPAT......................................................................................................................... 113
POSTSET......................................................................................................................... 115
POSTVF ........................................................................................................................... 116
PRAD................................................................................................................................ 117
PSHELL............................................................................................................................ 122
PSHELL0.......................................................................................................................... 123
PSHELL1.......................................................................................................................... 124
PSHELL3.......................................................................................................................... 126
PSHELL3 AIRLAYER/VACLAYER................................................................................ 128
PSHELLMF....................................................................................................................... 130
PSOLID............................................................................................................................. 131
RBAR................................................................................................................................ 132
RBE2 ................................................................................................................................ 133
RBE3 ................................................................................................................................ 134
REDINTEG....................................................................................................................... 135
RESTREAD...................................................................................................................... 136
RESTTM........................................................................................................................... 137
RESTWR.......................................................................................................................... 139
SCALE.............................................................................................................................. 140
SENDFILE........................................................................................................................ 141
SET1................................................................................................................................. 143
SHELLTYP ....................................................................................................................... 144
SOL .................................................................................................................................. 145
TABANGL......................................................................................................................... 149
TABDIST........................................................................................................................... 150
TABMAPF......................................................................................................................... 151
VI
TABMAPH ........................................................................................................................ 153
TABSUNF......................................................................................................................... 154
TABTEMP......................................................................................................................... 155
TABTIME.......................................................................................................................... 156
TENSOR........................................................................................................................... 157
TINITFE............................................................................................................................ 159
TISCSRV.......................................................................................................................... 161
TISCVAR.......................................................................................................................... 162
TITLE1, TITLE2, TITLE3, TITLE4, TITLE5 ....................................................................... 165
TJOINT............................................................................................................................. 166
USRINTRF........................................................................................................................ 168
VENTILT-AIRZONE.......................................................................................................... 169
VENTILT-FAT................................................................................................................... 170
VENTILT-FATPMV ........................................................................................................... 172
VENTILT-FMFVT.............................................................................................................. 173
VENTILT-FMRVT ............................................................................................................. 175
VENTILT-FVT................................................................................................................... 177
VENTILT-HRET................................................................................................................ 179
VENTILT-RAT................................................................................................................... 181
VENTILT-RATPMV........................................................................................................... 183
VENTILT-RET................................................................................................................... 184
VENTILT-RVT................................................................................................................... 186
VENTILT-TISCRVT .......................................................................................................... 188
VENTUSR......................................................................................................................... 190
VFCTRL............................................................................................................................ 192
VFFE................................................................................................................................. 194
VFGRP ............................................................................................................................. 195
VFREAD........................................................................................................................... 196
VOLFLUX ......................................................................................................................... 197
VOLUME........................................................................................................................... 198
#ADPTVE ......................................................................................................................... 200
#BSTFIT ........................................................................................................................... 201
#CNVCRT......................................................................................................................... 202
#CONSTR......................................................................................................................... 203
#MUTFRC......................................................................................................................... 204
#NCHLD ........................................................................................................................... 205
#NCPU.............................................................................................................................. 206
#NGEN ............................................................................................................................. 207
#NINDI .............................................................................................................................. 208
#TASK .............................................................................................................................. 209
#VAR ................................................................................................................................ 210
3 APPENDIX .............................................................................................211
Appendix A: Format definitions in data files...................................................................... 212
Appendix B: Element-wise field variables for post-processing.......................................... 213
Appendix C: User Subroutines.......................................................................................... 215
General explanations .................................................................................................... 216
USER_CONVEC........................................................................................................... 218
USER_HEAT................................................................................................................. 218
USER_INTERFACE...................................................................................................... 222
USER_MANFIALA_ASF ............................................................................................... 223
USER_MANFIALA_ISO................................................................................................ 224
VII
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO .................................................................................. 225
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC ................................................................................... 227
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL ................................................................................... 230
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO................................................................................... 232
USER_VENT................................................................................................................. 234

1
1
1 General Explanations

2
2
Overview and changes from previous versions
Modules
Keyword
no longer
supported
by the new
GUI v4.x Description
B
A
S
I
C

C
L
I
M
A
T
E

A
D
V
A
N
C
E
D

F
I
A
L
A
-
F
E

O
V
E
N

where in the
GUI v4.2?
new
keyword
compared
to v4.0

changed
keyword
properties
compared
to v4.0
AIRZCPL
Couples 2 Airzones to realize a piecewise linear fluid temperature distribution in a cabine
model.
x x Add -> Fluid
AIRZONE Definitions for air-steam mixture. x x Add -> Fluid
AIRZPMV
Temperature and humidity of an existing Airzone will be used to derive a PMV index. An
additional folder in the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/AIRZONEs_PMV/) will
be created that stores input/output functions of the PMV calculation.
x x Add -> Fluid x
BC-C
Standard linear convection on shells. User defines ambient fluid temperature + heat transfer
coefficient.
x x x Add -> BC
BC-C
(USERID=AC...)

Advanced non-linear convection laws for water, steam, air, oil and exhaust gas. The user
defines the ambient fluid temperature and the velocity.
x x x Add -> BC
BC-EVAPO
Evaporative heat loss at the skin of manikin FIALA-FE. The user defines the ambient
humidity + pressure.
x Add -> BC
BC-FC
Simplified free and forced convection laws. The user defines the ambient fluid temperature +
velocity.
x x x Add -> BC
BC-MFC Simplified mixed convection laws. The user defines the ambient fluid temperature + velocity. x x x Add -> BC
BC-FIALA
Simplified manikin convection laws. The user defines the ambient fluid temperature +
velocity.
x Add -> BC
BC-HEAT Applied surface heat fluxes for shells. x x x Add -> BC
BC-RAD
Blackbody radiation (long-wave) for surfaces with homogenous background radiation
temperature.
x x x Add -> BC
BC-SUN Solar short wave radiation boundary conditions for shells. x x Add -> BC
BC-TEMP Fixed temperatures on shells. x x x Add -> BC
BC-VFCAV Assignment of shell element surfaces to long-wave radiation cavities. x x x Add -> BC
CAVITY Definitions for long-wave radiation cavities. x x x Add -> BC
CBAR, CBEAM, CROD Definition of a 2 node bar element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
CHEXA Definition of a 8 node solid element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
CONM2 Single point mass capacity. x x x x Add -> Model
CONTACT Thermal contact between shell element surfaces. x x x x Add -> BC
CONTACTG General thermal contact between shell element surfaces. x x x x Add -> BC
3
CONTPRN
The contact search algorithm will print out additional information. A con-file will be created,
containing the mesh with slave nodes mapped on their master elements.
x x x x Add -> Output
CPENTA Definition of a 6 node solid element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
CQUAD4 Definition of a 4 node shell element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
CTETRA Definition of a 4 node solid element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
CTRIA3 Definition of a 3 node shell element in NASTRAN format. x x x x
DATAFILE Definition of files from which element-wise parameters of boundary conditions can be read. x x x Add -> Data
DEFCONV Modification of the default parameters for the simplified convection laws (BC-FC/MFC). x x x Add -> BC
DEFRBE Use this Keyword to change global settings for multi-point-constraints. x x x x
DEFSUN Global definitions for the sun (position & intensity) in a thermal model. x x Add -> BC
DEFSUNP Global definitions for a solar point source radiator. x x Add -> BC x
DEFTAUTO Settings for the usage of the AUTO option in keyword BC-C/FC/MFC. x x x Add -> BC
FECRIT Settings for shell element quality checks. x x x x Add -> Solver
FMBC Global definitions for the Flowmaster interface. x x
FMFILE Basic settings for the Flowmaster interface. x x
GRID Definition of a grid point (node) in NASTRAN format. x x x x
INCLUDE Include an additional ASCII formatted file. x x x x x Add -> Model
MANIKIN - FIALA-FE Global definitions for the advanced thermoregulatory manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFBEL Body element definitions for manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFDBG Special settings for the manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFISO
Local themal comfort indices will be derived from equivalent temperatures in a User
Function.
x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFLAY Material layer definitions for manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFLAYR Material layer definitions for manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFPA1, MANFPA2,
MANFPA3
Define parameters for the calculation of sector-wise local thermal comfort indices. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFPMV PMV index and PPD calculation for manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFSBC Individual boundary conditions for sectors of uncoupled manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFSCL Individual clothing layer for a sector of a manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

4
MANFSEC Sector definitions for manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFSETP This Keyword defines a setpoint file (suffix .stp) for the manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MANFSLAY Material layer definitions per sector of the manikin FIALA-FE. x x
File -> Merge
Model
x
MANFZLC Zhangs local thermal sensation and comfort indices will be calculated in User Functions. x x
File -> Merge
Model

MAPFILE
File with mapping information used to read/write result files from different geometries. Use
this Keyword together with DATAFILE, SENDFILE or TISCVAR.
x x x x Add -> Data
MAT4 Definition of thermal material properties in NASTRAN format. x x x x Add -> Model
MAT4 - VACLAYER Definition of thermal material properties for an internal vacuum layer. x x x x Add -> Model
MAT4 - AIRLAYER Definition of thermal material properties for an internal air layer. x x x x Add -> Model
MAT5 Definition of anisotropic thermal material properties in NASTRAN format. x x x x Add -> Model
MONITOR Temperatures of different kinds of THESEUS-FE objects will be written to the hdf result file. x x x x x Add -> Output
MPC General multi-point-constraint couples temperature points of grid points. x x x x
OVEN Global settings for the THESEUS-FE oven module. x Add -> Oven x
OVENNOZ Defines a nozzle line for the oven module. x Add -> Oven
OVENREAD The nozzle influence factors will be read from a binary transfer file (suffix .noz). x Add -> Oven
OVENRULE Defines a so-called advanced convection rule for the OVEN module. x Add -> Oven x
OVENSEC Defines parameters for a section of the oven. x Add -> Oven
OVENWALL Select a group of shell elements as oven walls (for the radiation heat exchange). x Add -> Oven x
PBAR, PBEAM, PROD Definition of material properties for a group of bar elements. x x x x
PCOMP
Thickness and material definitions for a group of composite shell elements, applicable for
non-linear temperature distributions (along the shell thickness) and anisotropic materials.
x x x x Add -> Model x
POSTABA The post-processor writes out node-wise temperature results to .aba-files. x x x x Add -> Output x
POSTDAT Write out some scalar temperature values at each call of the post-processor. x x x x Add -> Output
POSTDOF
Write out degree of freedom values (temperatures, humidities) at each call of the post-
processor.
x x x x x Add -> Output
POSTFE
Write out shell element results (temperatures, heat flux densities, ...) at each call of the post-
processor.
POSTFRQ Define the post-processor calls in time. x x x x x Add -> Output
POSTGRP
The post-processor writes out group-wise shell element results at each call of the post-
processor.
POSTPAT
Write out ASCII formatted PATRAN files containing field results at each call of the post-
processor.
5
POSTSET Write out set-wise shell element results at each call of the post-processor. x x x x Add -> Output
POSTVF Write out shell element view factors at each call of the post-processor. x x x x Add -> Output
PRAD Definition of dimensionless radiation surface properties for shell elements. x x x Add -> Model
PSHELL0 x Elements of this type are so-called dummy shells. x x x
PSHELL1 x
Definition of material properties for (composite) shell elements of a group (GID).
Those elements use a 1-dimensional temperature approach in the thickness direction of
each layer.
x x x
PSHELL3 x
Those elements use 3-dimensional temperature approaches in each layer.
x x x
PSHELL3 AIRLAYER
/ VACLAYER
x Definition of air or vacuum layers inside a composite shell. x x x
PSHELL
Thickness and material definitions for a group of single-layer shell elements, only applicable
for linear temperature distributions (along the shell thickness) and isotropic materials
x x x x Add -> Model x
PSHELLMF x
This Keyword assigns a group of shell elements to a body element sector of a manikin
FIALA-FE.
x
PSOLID Definition of material properties for a group of solid elements. x x x x Add -> Model
RBAR Constraint that creates one master-slave coupling between two grid points. x x x x
RBE2
Multi-point-constraint that creates master-slave couplings between one master grid point
and a various number of slave grid points.
x x x x
RBE3
Multi-point-constraint that creates master-slave couplings between one slave grid point and
a various number of master grid points with user-defined weighting factors.
x x x x
REDINTEG
Reduced integration technique will be used to applied boundary conditions on shell
elements.
x x x Add -> Solver
RESTREAD Restart analysis, reading initial temperatures from a restart file. x x x x x Add -> Data
RESTTM Restart time management. x x x x Add -> Solver
RESTWR
For possible restart analysis the temperatures of all degrees of freedom are written in a
binary restart file.
x x x x x Add -> Data
SCALE Scale geometric model. x x x x
SENDFILE Send element-wise field results to ASCII files. x x x x Add -> Data
SET1 Defines a set of shell element IDs. x x x x Add -> Model
SHELLTYP Defines the conduction type of a shell group defined as PSHELL or PCOMP. x x x x
SOL Numerical solver settings. x x x x x Add -> Solver x
TABANGL
Definition of angle dependent functions as a table, useable for short wave radiation surface
properties (PRAD).
x x Add -> Data
TABDIST Definition of distance dependent functions as a table, useable for solar boundary conditions. x x Add -> Data
TABMAPF
Definition of a wave length and angle dependent function as a map, useable for short wave
radiation surface properties (PRAD).
x x Add -> Data
6
TABMAPH
Definition of a temperature and humidity dependent function as a map, useable for
VENTILT-HRET.
x x Add -> Data
TABSUNF Definition of a user-defined function for the relative spectral distribution. x x Add -> Data
TABTEMP
Definition of temperature dependent functions as a table, useable for materials and
boundary conditions.
x x x x x Add -> Data
TABTIME Definition of time dependent functions as a table. x x x x x Add -> Data
TENSOR x
Definition of tensor components for anisotropic conductivity in PSHELL3 composite shell
elements.
x x x
TINITFE Choice of the initial temperature of the finite elements. x x x x Add -> BC
TISCSRV Defining the TISC -Server. x x x Add -> Data
TISCVAR Defining variables to be send to TISC or received from TISC v2. x x x Add -> Data
TITLE1-TITLE5 User-defined job titles will be written to the hdf result file. x x x x x Add -> Model
TJOINT Individual T-joint connections for groups of shell elements (type: PSHELL3). x x x Add -> BC
USRINTRF The User-Subroutine USER_INTERFACE will be called by the solver. x x x x Add -> Solver
VENTILT-AIRZONE Ventilation type AIRZONE: Given mass flow rates between Airzones. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-FAT
Inverse mode ventilation FAT: Fresh-Air-Airzone-Temperature. The user defines the target
Airzone temperature and the solver calculates the temperature at the outlet.
x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-FATPMV
Inverse mode ventilation FATPMV: Fresh-Air-Airzone-Temperature-PMV. The user defines
the target Airzone PMV index and the solver calculates the temperature at the outlet. This
feature requires the keyword AIRZPMV for the target Airzone.

x x Add -> Fluid x
VENTILT-FMFVT Ventilation type FMFVT: Flowmaster-Freshair-Ventilation-Temperature. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-FMRVT Ventilation type FMRVT: Flowmaster-Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-FVT Ventilation type FVT: Fresh-Air-Ventilation-Temperature. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-HRET Ventilation type HRET: Humidity-Recirculation-Evaporation Temperature. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-RAT
Inverse mode ventilation type RAT: Recirculation-Airzone-Temperature. The user defines
the target Airzone temperature and the solver calculates the temperature at the outlet.
x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-RATPMV
Inverse mode ventilation RATPMV: Recirculation -Air-Airzone-Temperature-PMV. The user
defines the target Airzone PMV index and the solver calculates the temperature at the
outlet. This feature requires the keyword AIRZPMV for the target Airzone.

x x Add -> Fluid x
VENTILT-RET Ventilation type RET: Recirculation-Evaporation-Temperature. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-RVT Ventilation type RVT: Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature. x x Add -> Fluid
VENTILT-TISCRVT
Ventilation type TISCRVT: TISC-Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature. Parameters might
be values, functions of time, or received TISC variables.
x x Add -> Fluid
VENTUSR
Allowes to apply user-defined functions for the ventilation mass flow rate and the outlet
temperature.
x x Add -> Fluid
7
VFCTRL
Choose different methods for numeric view factor calculation: Hemi-cube, hemi-sphere and
surface-2-surface
x x x Add -> Solver
VFFE Write out element-wise view factors to the report file (suffix .rpt). x x x x Add -> Output x
VFGRP Write out group-wise view factors to the report file. x x x Add -> Output
VFREAD The view factor matrix will be read from a binary transfer file. x x x x Add -> Data
VOLFLUX Definition of mass/volume flow between fluid volumes. x x x Add -> Fluid
VOLUME
Definition of fluid volumes which can be coupled convectively with surrounding shell
surfaces.
x x x Add -> Fluid
#ADPTVE
If this Keyword is active the standard deviations of mutations will be automatically adjusted
during the optimization to reach 20% successful mutations.
x
#BSTFIT Termination criterion to abort the optimization. x
#CNVCRT Convergence criterion to abort the optimization. x
#CONSTR Defines constraints for the variables of your optimization problem. x
#MUTFRC Defines start values for the standard deviation of the mutations. x
#NCHLD Number of children per couple and generation. x
#NCPU Number of CPUs to start THESEUS-FE jobs in parallel. x
#NGEN Maximum number of generations. x
#NINDI Number of individiums per generation. x
#TASK Choose between optimization or sensitivity analyses. x
#VAR Define variables to be optimized. x


8
8
Composition of a Solver File (.tfe-file)
The .tfe-file is a ASCII formatted file, composed of a list of Keywords (listed in chapter 2)
that control the THESEUS-FE solver. The following principles hold
- arbitrary order of the Keywords
- comment lines start with $
- comments above Keywords are names or descriptions of Keywords that will be
displayed in the GUI (see figure beneath)
- each Keyword line is separated into property fields with 8 characters each
- character-strings in property fields always start in the 1
st
of the 8 characters
- huge number of possible entries for real numbers supported:
1.23E-2, 1.23E-02, 1.23e-2, .123e-1, .123-1, ...
- additional property field lines for Keywords start with +
- File names are not limited to 8 characters (see figure beneath)
Simple solver file example:
8 char 8 char 8 char 8 char ...
file name
with extended length
(max. 255 char.)
Keyword name
(description)

9
Starting the solver from the command line
Launch the THESEUS-FE solver with the following command...
tfe_solver job=filename1 [inter]
optional entries: [...]
Option: Contents:
filename1
(max. char*255)
THESEUS-FE solver file, without suffix .tfe
(ASCII formatted file, composed of Keywords described in this manual)
inter this flag realizes an interactive solver modus
(solver process information written on screen during solution process)
Examples:
The command
tfe_solver job=car_climat
starts the solver with the THESEUS-FE Keyword file: car_climat.tfe

tfe_solver job=car_climat inter
starts the solver with the THESEUS-FE Keyword file: car_climat.tfe
in the interactive modus. Solver process information written on screen.

10
Encryption and decryption of include files
To encrypt/decrypt an include file use the THESEUS-FE solver with the following
arguments
1

tfe_solver {encrypt|decrypt} input=input-file-name output=output-file-name
password=pwd [expiration=expiration_date siteid=site-id_list include_only]
Option: Contents:
input input include file to be encrypted/decrypted
output resulting output file of the encryption/decryption process
password password (length: between 8 and 32 ASCII characters)
expiration date at which the include file expires; it can only be used and decrypted
up to this date (format: yyyy-mm-dd) (for encryption only)
siteid list of installation site IDs at which the include file may be used or
decrypted (format: site1;site2;) (for encryption only)
include_only set this to disallow decryption of the include file; it may only be used in
keyword INCLUDE (for encryption only)
Remarks:
To avoid problems with special characters especially in the password argument, quotation
marks can be used around the arguments. If you use a site id list to secure the include file
be sure to include your own site id in the list. Otherwise you wont be able to use or
decrypt the file yourself. Do not alter the encrypted content of an encrypted file or it may
get corrupted. An arbitrary number of comment lines may be added to the top of encrypted
files above the ENCRYPT ON keyword line to describe the encrypted content if desired.
In an unencrypted file such comment lines can be added above an ENCRYPT OFF
keyword line. These will remain unencrypted.
Examples:
tfe_solver encrypt input=include.txt output=include_encrypted.txt password=123pass!
expiraton=2012-12-31 siteid=our-siteid;other-siteid
encrypts the contents of file include.txt to include_encrypted.txt using the password
123pass!. Additionally, using the file is restricted to the installation sites our-siteid and
other-siteid. It can only be used until the 31th of December 2012.
The include_only option is not used. Thus the file may be decrypted back to a clear text file
at one of the listed installation sites as long as the expiration date has not been reached.

tfe_solver decrypt input=include_encrypted.txt output=include_decrypted.txt
password=123pass!
decrypts the contents of file include_encrypted.txt back to a clear text file called
include_decrypted as long as the password is valid and other possibly set requirements
are fulfilled.

1
In the actual version of THESEUS-FE the encryption feature is only available for BMW.
11
NASTRAN Keywords supported by THESEUS-FE
- CBAR, CBEAM, CROD
2

- CHEXA
- CONM2
- CPENTA
- CQUAD4
- CTETRA
- CTRIA3
- GRID
- RBAR
- RBE2
- RBE3
- PCOMP
- PSHELL
- PSOLID
- PBAR, PBEAM, PROD
3

- MAT4
4

- MAT5
- SET1

2
The GUI will convert CBAR and CBEAM elements into CROD elements automatically.
3
The GUI will convert PBAR and PBEAM property keywords into PROD automatically.
4
The Keyword MAT1 will be interpreted as a MAT4 Keyword while reading tfe-files by the GUI and the
solver.
12
2 Keywords
13
AIRZCPL
Couples 2 Airzones to realize a bilinear fluid temperature distribution for convective
boundary conditions in a solar heated cabin model.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.2.7
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AIRZCPL METHOD AIRf AIRc
Property: Contents:
METHOD =V2
AIRf f = ID of the floor room Airzone (integer > 0)
AIRc c = ID of the main cabine Airzone (integer > 0)
Remark:
- Use this Keyword only once in a model.
Example:
AIRZONE 1 0.5 40.0 25.0
AIRZONE 2 2.0 40.0 25.0
AIRZCPL V2 AIR1 AIR2
During the thermal simulation the fluid temperatures of Airzone 1 and 2 will be coupled at
shell elements connected via convective boundary conditions.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, BC-C, BC-FC/MFC/FIALA
14
AIRZONE
Definition of an air-steam mixture that can be coupled convectively with surrounding shell
surfaces.
Airzones can be coupled with surrounding shell elements via convection. A mass flow into
Airzones can be realized with ventilations.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 2
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AIRZONE AID VOL RLF0 T0 T_STOP OPT
Property: Contents:
AID Airzone ID (1 integer 99999)
VOL volume in [m
3
] (real > 0)
RLF0 initial relative humidity in [%] (0 real 100)
T0 initial temperature in [C] (real)
[T_STOP] stop temperature in [C] (real)
- solver stops if temperature reached
[OPT] OPT=FIXED Airzone temperature and humidity remain unresolved, the
initial values will be fixed during the solution process
Example:
AIRZONE 1 0.5 40.0 25.0
BC C 3 POS AIR1 6.1
During the thermal simulation the temperature of Airzone 1 will be applied as the ambient
fluid temperature at the positive side of the shell group 3. Convective heat transfer
between shells and the Airzone takes place.
Remark:
Airzones are only supported in transient solutions. Use the Keyword VOLUME
5
in steady
state solutions.
Related Keywords:
VENTILT, BC, SOL

5
VOLUMEs do not consider humidity and can not be coupled with manikins.
15
AIRZPMV
Temperature and humidity of an existing Airzone will be used to derive a PMV index. An
additional folder in the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/AIRZONEs_PMV/) will
be created that stores input/output functions of the PMV calculation.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AIRZPMV AIRs ACT ICL EMIS_SR V_A REF SIDE
Property: Contents:
AIRs S=ID of the source Airzone (integer > 0)
[ACT] basal metabolic activity level, act=1 stands for 58W/m
2

(real>0, default: 1)
[ICL] global manikin clothing isolation: I
cl
value in [clo] (real > 0)
1 clo stands for 0.155 Km
2
/W (default: 0.0)
[EMIS_SR] surrounding wall emissivity (0 real 1, default: 0.9)
[V_A] average environment air velocity in [m/s] (real > 0, default: 0)
[REF] Reference set for surrounding wall temperature calculation (e.g. REF=S1).
The Airzone temperature will be used if REF remains undefined.
[SIDE] SIDE = POS or NEG, to calculate the surrounding wall temperature on the
positive or negative side of the reference set.

Remarks:
The PMV calculation uses the following relations
for the metabolism and the mechanical work:
( ) ( ) 6 . 0 act 39 . 0 tanh 2 . 0 , 0 max
M W
m
W
1 . 58 act M
2
= q
q =
(
=

16
BC-C
Standard linear convection on shells. User defines ambient fluid temperature and a heat
transfer coefficient.
References:
- Theory Manual Chapter 1.2
- Appendix C: User-Subroutines (USER_CONVEC)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC C REF SIDE T_AMB HTC
BC C REF SIDE USERID P1 P2 P3 P4
Property: Contents:
REF e.g. REF=ALL bound. cond. for all shell elements
e.g. REF=10 bound. cond. for shell element group id 10
e.g. REF=S5 bound. cond. for shell element set id 5
SIDE SIDE = POS boundary conditions for positive side of shell elements
SIDE = NEG for negative side
SIDE = BOTH for negative & positive side
[USERID] - this field remains empty by default
- if not, a User Subroutine USER_CONVEC.f90 will be called to calculate
element-wise ambient fluid temperatures and heat transfer coefficients
during the simulation.
T_AMB ambient fluid temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a table (TABTIME)
- reference to an Airzone or volume temperature
6

- reference to TISC server (T_AMB = TISC)
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), the environment temperature will be
read element-wise from a file
- T_AMB = AUTO fluid temperature will be determined based on the
temperature values of nearby elements
HTC heat transfer coefficient in [W/(m
2
K)] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a table (TABTIME, TABTEMP)
- reference to TISC server (HTC = TISC)
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), the coefficient will be read element-wise
from a file
Optional: calling USER_CONVEC.f90

6
Activates convective heat exchange between shell elements and the adjacent Airzone (or volume).
17
USERID The string saved with this variable will be given to the User Subroutine.
P1-4 Those (optional) parameters can be given to the User Subroutine to
derive ambient fluid temperatures and heat transfer coefficients.

The usage of P1 and P2 is equivalent to the usage of T_AMB and HTC.

P3 and P4 deliver real numbers or a reference to an averaged shell group
temperature. E.g. GP11 gives the average temperature of shell group 11
(positive side) to the subroutine.
- GN stands for group negative side, GP for group positive side.
Remarks:
- If shell elements coupled with the manikin FIALA-FE (type PSHELLMF) use the BC-C
boundary condition a proper calculation of the PMV index is no longer possible because
the local air velocity remains undefined. For this special case it is recommended to
define the global air velocity in the Keyword MANFPMV.
Examples:
BC C 1 POS 100.0 6.3
Ambient fluid temperature =100C, htc = 6.3 W/(m
2
K) on all shell elements of group ID 1
(positive side).
BC C 1 POS VOL1 6.3
The ambient temperature is the actual temperature of the volume 1, htc = 6.3W/(m
2
K)
BC C 1 POS AIR1 6.3
The ambient temperature is the actual temperature of Airzone 1, htc = 6.3W/(m
2
K)
BC C 1 POS TAB1_2 TAB2_2
The ambient temperature is read time-dependent from table 1, column 2.
The heat transfer coefficient is read from table 2 (column 2) which can be either a time
table (TABTIME) or a temperature table (TABTIME).
BC C 1 POS FILE2_3 FILE2_5
DATAFILE 2
+ conv_val.csv
Element-wise values for the ambient temperature and htc value are read from the file
conv_val.csv, result number 3 and 5 (the format is described in Appendix A).
BC C 1 POS AIR1 FILE2_2
The ambient temperature is the actual temperature of Airzone 1.
Element-wise values for htc are read from the file conv_val.csv, result number 2.
18
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, DATAFILE, DEFTAUTO, TABTEMP, TABTIME, TISCVAR, MANFPMV
Example:
BC C 1 POS USRC1 AIR1 TAB3_2 5.0 GN11
Ambient fluid temperatures and heat transfer coefficients are computed element-wise in
the User Subroutine USER_CONVEC.f90. See Appendix C.
The following parameters are passed to the User-Subroutine:
USERID = USRC1
P1= actual Airzone 1 temperature
P2 = a time or temperature dependent value from table 3 (column 2)
P3 = 5.0
P4 = actual average temperature of shell group 11 (negative side)

The following formulas might be realized in the User Subroutine:

HTC = PARAM(3) ** (PARAM(2)* PARAM(4))
AMB_TEMP = PARAM(1)
19
BC-C (advanced convection: USERID=AC...)
Advanced non-linear convection laws for water, steam, air, oil and exhaust gas. The user
defines the ambient fluid temperature and the velocity.

References:
- Theory Manual Chapter 1.2.1-3
- Appendix C: User-Subroutines (USER_CONVEC)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BC C REF SIDE USERID=AC... T_AMB VELOCITY CHAR_LEN
Property: Contents:
REF e.g. REF=ALL bound. fond. for all shell elements
e.g. REF=10 bound. fond. for shell element group id. 10
e.g. REF=S5 bound. fond. for shell element set id 5
SIDE - SIDE = POS bound. conditions for positive side of shell elements
- SIDE = NEG for negative side
- SIDE = BOTH for negative & positive side
USERID see next page
T_AMB ambient fluid temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
7

- reference to a file (DATAFILE), temperatures will be read element-wise
from a file
temperature values of nearby elements
[VELOCITY] ambient fluid velocity in [m/sec] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a table (TABTIME,TABTEMP)
- reference to TISC server (VELOCITY = TISC)
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), velocites will be read element-wise from
a file
- default value: v=0 m/sec
[CHAR_LEN] characteristic length in [m] as a
- value (real > 0)
- default value for plates: A L = , A=area of the shell group
- default value for tubes: L=D=0.05m

7
20
Examples:
BC C 1 POS ACPL1AIR 20.0 2.0 1.0
Ambient fluid temperature =20C, fluid velocity = 2m/s, char. Length = 1m.
Algorithm considers: Forced and natural convection for the sharp edge plate.
All physical fluid properties depend on the boundary layer temperature (T+T
0
)/2
Narural (free) convection strongly depends on the shell elements slope relative to the
gravity field vector g = -z (in negative global z-direction).
C A C A USERID =
=AIR for fluid: air (-20..550C)
=WAT for fluid: liquid water (4..100C)
=STE for fluid: steam water (100..600C)
=EXH for fluid: exhaust gas (100..600C)
=OIL for fluid: liquid engine oil (0..150C)
=PL1 for the sharp edge plate (forced + natural convec.)
=PL2 for the stump edge plate (forced + natural convec.)
=TBC for the circular tube (internal flow: only forced convec.)

E.g. USERID=ACTBCWAT stands for the circular tube with internal flow of liquid water
with temperature dependent fluid properties in a range from 4C to 100C.

The relations for the forced convection Nusselt number are shown in the figure beneath:

fully devel. reg.
D
=
2
R
x
laminar
turbulent
crit c
Re , x
L
v
0
, T
0
T
PL1
plate:
sharp edge
(char.len. = L)
T
v(r)
r
PL2
plate:
stump edge
(char.len. = L)
TBC
tube circular:
fully developed reg.
(char.len. = D)
3 / 1 2 / 1
L lam , L
Pr Re 664 . 0 Nu =
( )
3 / 1 5 / 4
x turb , L
Pr 871 Re 037 . 0 Nu =
( )
turb , L lam , L L
Nu , Nu max Nu =
( ) 1 Pr Re 443 . 2 1
Pr Re 037 . 0
Nu
3 / 2 10 / 1
L
5 / 4
x
turb , L
+
=

3 / 1 2 / 1
L lam , L
Pr Re 664 . 0 Nu =
( ) ( )
2
turb , L
2
lam , L L
Nu Nu Nu + =
66 . 3 Nu
lam , D
=
( )( )
( ) ( ) 1 Pr 8 f 7 . 12 1
Pr 10 Re 8 f
Nu
3 / 2 2 / 1
3
D
turb , D
+

=
turb , D D D
lam , D D D
Nu Nu 2300 Re
Nu Nu 2300 Re
= >
= s
( ) | |
2
D
64 . 1 Re ln 79 . 0 f

=

For a more detailed view on the physical relations for forced and natural convection, see
Theory Manual.
21
BC-EVAPO
Evaporative heat loss at the skin of manikin FIALA-FE. The user defines the ambient
humidity and pressure.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 3.1.4.4
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC EVAPO REF SIDE X_AMB P_AMB
Property: Contents:
e.g. REF=10 bound. cond. for shell element group id. 10
SIDE - SIDE = POS bound. conditions for positive side of shell elements
X_AMB ambient absolute humidity x=
steam
/
air

value (real)
reference to a file (DATAFILE), the ambient absolute humidity will be read
element-wise from a file
[P_AMB] optional: ambient pressure [Pa] as a
value (real)
reference to a file (DATAFILE), the ambient pressure will be read element-
wise from a file
Remarks:
- This boundary condition is only applicable for PSHELLMF elements (coupled with
manikin FIALA-FE) in combination with a convective boundary condition BC-C at
the positive side.
- If PSHELLMF elements are coupled with an Airzone via convective boundary
condition BC-FIALA the evaporative heat transfer will be generated automatically.
Then the Keyword BC-EVAPO is dispensable.
- This boundary condition should be applied on the positive side.
Example:
BC C 1 POS 40.3 4.2
BC EVAPO 1 0.001 110300
Evaporative boundary conditions are: T
a
= 40.3C, x
a
= 0.001kg/kg, p
a
= 110300Pa
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, PSHELLMF, BC-C, MANIKIN FIALA-FE
22
BC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-FIALA
Simplified free and forced convection laws. The user defines the ambient fluid temperature
and the velocity.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.2.4.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC FC REF SIDE T_AMB VELOCITY
BC MFC REF SIDE T_AMB VELOCITY
BC FIALA REF SIDE T_AMB VELOCITY
Property: Contents:
REF e.g. REF=ALL bound. Cond. For all shell elements
e.g. REF=10 bound. Cond. For shell element group id. 10
e.g. REF=S5 bound. Cond. For shell element set id 5
SIDE - SIDE=POS bound. Conditions for positive side of shell elements
- SIDE=NEG for negative side
- SIDE=BOTH for negative & positive side
T_AMB ambient temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
8

- reference to a file (DATAFILE), temperatures will be read element-wise
from a file
temperature values of nearby elements (not allowed for BC-FIALA!)
[VELOCITY] ambient air velocity v
0
in [m/s] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a table (TABTIME,TABTEMP)
- reference to TISC server (VELOCITY = TISC)
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), velocites will be read element-wise from
a file
- default value: v
0
= 0 m/sec
Remarks:
- Shell elements coupled with the manikin FIALA-FE (type PSHELLMF) should use the
boundary condition type FIALA for convective boundary conditions. They should not use
convection FC or MFC. False usage will be automatically corrected while pre-
processing.

8
23
- It is not permitted to use BC-FIALA for all other kinds of shells (=PSHELLMF)
- Use the Keyword DEFCONV to modify the default parameters (a
for
, b
for
, c
for
, a
nat
, b
nat
,
c
nat
) for simplified convection types FC or MFC.
- Parameters a
nat
, a
frc
, a
mix
for the simplified convection type FIALA will be defined with
the Keyword MANFBEL.

Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, DATAFILE, DEFCONV, DEFTAUTO, TABTEMP, TABTIME, TISCVAR,
MANFBEL

for
c
0 for for for
v b a h + =
0.8 7.32 0 v
0
> v
crit
1 4.18 6.16 v
0
< v
crit
c
for
b
for
a
for
v
crit
= 5m/s
0.8 7.32 0 v
0
> v
crit
1 4.18 6.16 v
0
< v
crit
c
for
b
for
a
for
v
crit
= 5m/s
1/4 2.56 0
c
nat
b
nat
a
nat
1/4 2.56 0
c
nat
b
nat
a
nat
( )
nat for mix , c
h , h max h FC BC =
3
3
nat
3
for mix , c
h h h MFC BC + =
mix 0 frc 0 nat mix , c
a v a T T a h FIALA BC + + =
nat
c
0 nat nat nat
T T b a h + =

The default parameter a
for
=6.16 can be interpreted as a treshold value or a minimum heat
transfer coefficient. Even for low air velocities (<1m/s) this heat transfer coefficient can not
be undercut. To achieve a more realistic approach for low air velocities the default
parameter a
for
=6.16 should be replaced by a much lower value or even zero.
Examples:
BC FC 1 POS 100.0 10.0
Forced convection: ambient temperature 100C, air velocity 10.0m/s on all shell elements
of group ID 1 (positive side).
BC FC 1 POS 100.0 TAB1_2
Forced convection: ambient temperature 100C. Air velocity is read time-dependent from
table 1 (column 2).
BC FC 1 POS 100.0
Free convection: ambient temperature 100C, air velocity 0m/s.
BC FC 1 POS AIR1
24
Free convection: the ambient temperature is the actual temperature of Airzone 1.
BC FC 1 POS FILE1_2 FILE1_3
DATAFILE 1 PAT_NODE 3
+ conv_val.pat
MAPFILE 3
+ mapfile.trf
Element-wise values for the ambient temperature and air velocity are read from the file
conv_val.pat, result number 2 and 3 (the format is described in Appendix A). The results
are mapped to the THESEUS-FE geometry using the map file mapfile.trf
BC FC 1 POS TISC TISC
TISCVAR RECEIVE FE 1 CONVTPOS
+ Fluid_temp
TISCVAR RECEIVE FE 1 CONVCPOS
+ velocity
Element-wise values for the ambient temperature (fluid temp.) and the fluid velocity will be
received from TISC.
BC FC 1 POS AIR1 TISC
TISCVAR RECEIVE FE 1 CONVCPOS
+ Velocity
The ambient temperature is the actual temperature of Airzone 1.
Element-wise values for the ambient fluid velocity will be received from TISC.

25
BC-HEAT
Applied surface heat fluxes for shells.
References:
- Theory Manual Chapter 1.5.1
- Appendix C: User-Subroutines (USER_HEAT)

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC HEAT REF SIDE HEAT
BC HEAT REF SIDE USERID P1 P2 P3 P4
Property: Contents:
SIDE - SIDE=POS boundary conditions for positive side of shell elements
[USERID] - this field remains empty by default
- if not, a User Subroutine USER_HEAT.f90 will be called to calculate
element-wise heat flux densities during the simulation.
HEAT heat flux density [W/m
2
] as a
- value (real)
- reference to TISC server (HEAT = TISC))
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), the heat flux density will be read
element-wise from a file
Optional: calling USER_HEAT.f90
[P1-4] Those (optional) parameters can be given to the User Subroutine to
derive element-wise heat flux densities.

The usage of P1 is equivalent to the usage of HEAT.

P2, P3 and P4 deliver real numbers or a reference to an averaged shell
group temperature. E.g. GP11 gives the average temperature of shell
group 11 (positive side) to the subroutine.
- GN stands for group negative side, GP for group positive side.
26
Examples:
BC HEAT 1 POS 100.0
Heat flux density 100 W/m
2
on all shell elements of group ID 1 (positive side)
BC HEAT 1 POS TAB1_2
Heat flux density is read time-dependent from table 1 (column 2)
BC HEAT 1 POS FILE1_1
DATAFILE 1
+ heat_val.csv
Heat flux density is read element-wise from the file heat_val.csv, result number 1.
(The format of the csv-file is described in Appendix A)
BC HEAT 1 POS USRH1 100 0.21 GN11
Heat flux density is computed element-wise in the User Subroutine USER_HEAT.f90.
See Appendix C. The following parameters are passed to the User-Subroutine:
USERID = USRH1
P1= 100.0
P2 = 0.21

The following formula might be realized in the User Subroutine:

HEAT = PARAM(1) ** (PARAM(2) * (40.0 + PARAM(3)))
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, TABTIME, TISCVAR
27
BC-RAD
Blackbody radiation (long wave) for surfaces with homogenous background radiation
temperature.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC RAD REF SIDE T_SKY T_ENV EMIS_BGR
Property: Contents:
T_SKY sky temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
[T_ENV] optional: environment temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
[EMIS_BGR] emissivity of the radiation background (0 real 1)
- the default value is 1.0
Remarks:
- If T_ENV is defined: the radiation background temperature depends on the shell
elements normal direction vector
- If T_ENV remains undefined: the radiation background temperature is the sky
temperature (independent of the normal direction vector)
- For REF and SIDE the radiation surface properties must be defined with Keyword
PRAD
Related Keywords:
PRAD, TABTIME, CAVITY
28
BC-SUN
Solar short wave radiation boundary conditions for shells.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC SUN REF SIDE USERID F_CS F_CG
Property: Contents:
SIDE - SIDE=POS boundary conditions for positive side of shell elm.
[USERID] if USERID=DIF diffuse sun radiation from sky/ground considered
[F_CS] view factor for diffusive sun from sky
(0 real 1, default: F
CS
=(1+cos(|))/2, |...elm. incl. angle towards z-axis)
[F_CG] View factor for diffusive sun from ground reflection
(0 real 1, default: F
CG
=(1-cos(|))/2 )
Example:
BC SUN 1 POS DIF
DEFSUN 1 800 100 45 90 0
Direct+diffuse sun radiation defined on all shell elements of group ID 1 (positive side).
The direct maximum intensity is 800 W/m
2
, the direct sun vector is defined by the two
angles:
alti
= 45deg and
azi
= 90deg. Ground reflectance is zero.
The diffusive sun on a horizontal plate is defined with 100W/m
2
. For shell elements of
group 1 an additional heat load of 100*(1+cos(|))/2 is automatically considered with |, that
is the element face inclination angle towards the global z-axis.
Remarks:
Radiation surface properties must be defined with Keyword PRAD.
Related Keywords:
DEFSUN, DEFSUNP, PRAD
29
BC-TEMP
Fixed temperatures on shells.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC TEMP REF SIDE TEMP
Property: Contents:
TEMP temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- or reference to a time table (TABTIME)
- reference to a file (DATAFILE), the temperature will be read element-
wise from a file
Examples:
BC TEMP 1 POS 100.0
Temperature 100C on all shell elements of group 1 (positive side) during the solution.
BC TEMP 1 POS TAB1_2
Temperature is read time-dependent from table 1 (column 2).
BC TEMP 1 POS FILE1_2
DATAFILE 1
+ temp_val.csv
Temperature is read from the file temp_val.csv, result number 2 (the format is described
in Appendix A).
Remarks:
Initial temperatures will be ignored.
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, TABTIME
30
BC-VFCAV
Assignment of shell element sides to long-wave radiation cavities.
Respectively application of heat fluxes from long wave radiation between element facets
with different temperatures via view factors.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC VFCAVn REF SIDE
Property: Contents:
SIDE - SIDE=POS boundary conditions for positive side of shells
n the ID of the assigned radiation cavity
Remarks:
radiation surface properties must be defined with Keyword PRAD
Related Keywords:
PRAD, BC-VFCAV, VFREAD, VFCTRL, VFGRP
31
CAVITY
Definitions for long-wave radiation cavities.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CAVITY CID TYPE T_SKY T_ENV EMIS_BGR MXITER SOLIDFLAG
Property: Contents :
CID cavity ID (1 integer 999)
TYPE - TYPE=BB, blackbody radiation inside the cavity
neglects diffuse short wave transmission and reflection
neglects long wave reflection
- TYPE=PSDGB, pseudo grey body radiation inside the cavity
considers diffuse short wave transmission and reflection
neglects long wave reflection
- TYPE=GB, grey body radiation inside the cavity
considers diffuse short wave transmission and reflection
considers long wave reflection
[T_SKY] optional: sky temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a time table (TABTIME) or
- coupling with an Airzone or Volume temperature
[T_ENV] optional: environment temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a time table (TABTIME) or
- coupling with an Airzone or Volume temperature
[EMIS_BGR] emissivity of the radiation background (0 real 1)
the default value is 1.0
(for grey body radiation the emissivity is fixed =1)
[MXITER] number of iterations for diffuse short wave transmission and reflection
(integer, default: 2 for TYPE=PSDGB, 3 for TYPE=GB)
[SOLIDFLAG] optional: set SOLIDFLAG=YES if long-wave radiation shall be deactivated
for all shell element sides adjacent to solid element; ensure that all solid
elements are covered with shell elements in this case otherwise it will
lead to incorrect results (default: SOLIDFLAG=NO)
Remarks:
The view factor matrix must be pre-calculated or read from an external file.
Opened cavity: the user defines T_SKY and/or T_ENV
32
- Long wave radiation heat exchange with a radiation background temperature T
0

for facets whose view factor sum is less than 1.
- If the user defines both T_SKY and T_ENV, T
0
depends on the facet normal
direction vector.
- If the user defines only T_SKY or T_ENV : T
0
= T_SKY or T
0
= T_ENV.
Closed cavity: T_SKY and T_ENV remain undefined
- Conveniently the view factor sum of all facets sides in the cavity should be
approximately 1.0.
Typical Usage:
- grey body radiation for thermal structures with high temperature differences
(dT>100C) and/or strongly reflecting surfaces (emissivity<0.8)
- pseudo grey body radiation for climatisation with sun
9

- black body radiation for climatisation without sun or for thermal structures with low
temperature differences
Related Keywords:
ARIZONE, BC-VFCAV, BC-RAD, PRAD, TABTIME, POSTVF, VFREAD, VFCTRL
Examples:
BC VFCAV1 1 POS
BC VFCAV1 2 POS
BC VFCAV1 3 POS
$
CAVITY 1 GB
The closed grey body cavity 1 is composed of the element surfaces (positive side) of the
groups 1-3. If the Keyword VFREAD is missing THESEUS-FE calculates first the view
factor matrix for the cavity and starts the thermal solver afterwards.
CAVITY 1 BB 23.0
Element surfaces (facets) with a view factor sum < 1 exchange radiation heat with a
radiation background temperature of 23C.
CAVITY 1 BB 3.0 23.0
Element surfaces (facets) with a view factor sum < 1 exchange radiation heat with a
radiation background with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution (3-23C). For more
detailed information, see Theory Manual: Closed and Opened Cavities.
CAVITY 1 GB

9
For climatization with sun the grey body approach leads to slightly differing temperatures, but with higher
efforts in CPU time.
33
VFREAD
THESEUS-FE reads in the view factor matrix for the closed cavity 1 from an external
binary file. Afterwards the thermal solver starts.
34
CBAR, CBEAM, CROD
Definition of a two node bar element in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CBAR
CBEAM
CROD
EID GID NID1 NID2
Property: Contents:
EID bar element ID (integer > 0)
GID bar group ID (integer > 0)
NID1-2 grid point IDs of the element
Remarks:
Linear temperature approximation functions used
Related Keywords:
GRID, RBAR, PBAR, PBEAM, PROD
35
CHEXA
Definition of a 8 node solid element in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHEXA EID GID NID1 NID2 NID3 NID4 NID5 NID6
+ NID7 NID8
Property: Contents:
EID solid element ID (integer > 0)
GID solid group ID (integer > 0)
NID1-8 grid point IDs of the element
Remarks:
Related Keywords:
GRID, PSOLID
3
1
2
4
5
6
5
7
8
3
3
1
2
4
5
6
5
7
8
3

36
CONM2
Single point mass capacity.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CONM2 EID NID MASS CP
Property: Contents:
EID element ID (integer > 0)
NID grid point ID (integer > 0)
MASS mass [kg] (real > 0)
[CP] heat capacity in [J/(kg K)] (real > 0)
(default value: 1)
37
CONTACT
Thermal contact between shell element surfaces.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.4
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONTACT CTID TYPE REF_MA SIDE_MA REF_SL SIDE_SL K_C MAXD
+ MIND
Property: Contents:
CTID contact ID (integer > 0)
TYPE TYPE=TIE T
sl
= T
ma
TYPE=COND1 Q
sl
= A
sl
k
c
(T
ma
-T
sl
)
TYPE=COND2 Q
sl
= A
sl
(k
c
/d) (T
ma
-T
sl
),
d = master-slave distance (>1E-10m)
REF_MA e.g. REF_MA=10 select shell element group id. 10 as master
e.g. REF_MA=S5 select shell element set id. 5 as master
SIDE_MA SIDE_MA=POS or NEG,
choose positive or negative side of the master element surface.
REF_SL e.g. REF_SL=20 select shell element group id. 20 as slave
e.g. REF_SL=S7 select shell element set id. 7 as slave
SIDE_SL SIDE_SL=POS or NEG,
choose positive or negative side of the slave element surface.
C TYPE=COND1 c=conductivity [W/(m
2
K)] (real > 0)
TYPE=COND2 c=conductivity [W/(m K)] (real > 0)
[MAXD] max. search distance: slave master (real > 0, default: 0.1)
[MIND] min. search distance: slave master (real, default: MIND=-MAXD)
Remarks:
- slave elements must be of type PSHELL3
- master elements must be of type PSHELL3 or PSHELLMF
- shells elements in contact automatically switch off convective and radiative boundary
conditions
Related Keywords:
CONTACTG, CONTPRN
38
CONTACTG
General thermal contact between shell element surfaces.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONTACTG CTID TYPE REF K_C MAXD
Property: Contents:
CTID contact ID (integer > 0)
TYPE TYPE=COND1 Q
1
= A
1
k
c
(T
2
-T
1
); Q
2
= A
2
k
c
(T
1
-T
2
)
TYPE=COND2 Q
1
= A
1
(k
c
/d) (T
2
-T
1
); Q
2
= A
2
(k
c
/d) (T
1
-T
2
)
d = master-slave distance (>1E-10m)
REF e.g. REF=ALL general contact will be used for the whole model
e.g. REF=10 select shell element group id. 10
e.g. REF=S5 select shell element set id. 5
C TYPE=COND1 c=conductivity [W/(m
2
K)] (real > 0)
TYPE=COND2 c=conductivity [W/(m K)] (real > 0)
[MAXD] max. search distance: slave master (real > 0, default: 0.005)
Remarks:
- elements in the set/group must be of type PSHELL3
- shells elements in contact automatically switch off convective and radiative boundary
conditions
- in the general contact algorithm elements act both as slave and as master;
- keywords CONTACT and CONTACTG share the contact ID number pool thus you cant
use a contact ID in keyword CONTACTG that is already used in keyword CONTACT
Related Keywords:
CONTACT, CONTPRN
39
CONTPRN
The contact search algorithm will print out additional information to the .rpt-file.
A .con-file will be created, containing the NASTRAN finite element model with slave nodes
mapped on their master pair.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONTPRN
Related Keywords:
CONTACT, CONTACTG
40
CPENTA
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CPENTA EID GID NID1 NID2 NID3 NID4 NID5 NID6
Property: Contents:
NID1-6 grid point IDs of the element (integer > 0)
Remarks:
Related Keywords:
GRID, PSOLID
3
1
2
4
5
6
1

2
3
3
1
2
4
5
6
1

2
3

41
CQUAD4
Definition of a 4 node shell element in NASTRAN format.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.1.3 and 1.1.9
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CQUAD4 EID GID NID1 NID2 NID3 NID4 THETA
Property: Contents:
EID Shell element ID (integer > 0)
GID Shell group ID (integer > 0)
NID1-4 Grid point IDs of the element (integer > 0)
[THETA] Offset angle for the local material coordinate system [deg] (real, default=0)
Remarks:
- the sequence of grid points defines the direction of the element normal vector n
Related Keywords:
GRID, MAT5, PCOMP, PSHELL...

1
2
3
4
n
1
2
3
4
n

42
CTETRA
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CTETRA EID GID NID1 NID2 NID3 NID4
Property: Contents:
Remarks:
- Linear temperature approximation functions used
Related Keywords:
GRID, PSOLID

1
2
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
1

43
CTRIA3
Definition of a 3 node shell element in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CTRIA3 EID GID NID1 NID2 NID3 THETA
Property: Contents:
EID shell element ID (integer > 0)
GID shell group ID (integer > 0)
[THETA] Offset angle for the local material coordinate system [deg] (real, default=0)
Remarks:
- the sequence of grid points defines the direction of the element normal vector n
Related Keywords:
GRID, MAT5, PCOMP, PSHELL...

1
2
3
n
1
2
3
n

44
DATAFILE
Definition of files from which element-wise parameters of boundary conditions can be read.
References: Appendix A: Format definitions in data files
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DATAFILE ID CALL FACTOR OFFSET FORMAT MAPFID
+ TIME
1
FNAME
1

+
+ TIME
n
FNAME
n

Property: Contents:
ID file ID (integer > 0)
[CALL] CALL=INIT (default) boundary conditions from file will be read
once at the start of the solution process.
CALL=STEPn boundary conditions from file will be read once at
the start and after each (n = 1) converged time step, or after a user
defined number of time steps (e.g. n = 5).
CALL=POST boundary conditions from file will be read once at
the start and after each post-processor call;
for POSTFRQ=INTRVAL the multiplier in the interval table will be
used to determine the read times.
CALL=TABL boundary conditions from file will be read in
whenever the analysis time used in the solver falls into a new interval
of the provided file list; values will be linearly interpolated in each
interval
[FACTOR]

[OFFSET]
variables read from file will be transformed with the following function
(default: 1)
X = X * FACTOR + OFFSET (default: 0)
[FORMAT] File format of the result file (default: CSV)
Currently supported formats:
CSV: character-separated values format (ID, res
1
, res
2
, , res
m
)
(recommended)
PAT_NODE: PATRAN node result file
PAT_ELM: PATRAN element result file
DAT: THESEUS-FE Data File (obsolete; support may be removed in a
future version of THESEUS-FE)
[MAPFID] optional: map file ID as given in a MAPFILE line (integer > 0, default: 0)
[TIME
k
] for CALL = TABL: point in time for which the corresponding file NAME
k
is
valid (real, default: 0.0)
45
FNAME
k
file name (char*255) of input file at TIME
k

(full file name has to be given)
Remarks:
- only for CALL = TABL more than one file may be provided
- for CALL = TABL results from the given files will be linearly interpolated for each
analysis time t used in the solver using the two files for which TIME
i
<= t <= TIME
i+1

holds
if there is no file with TIME
i
<= t, file 1 will be used
if there is no file with t <= TIME
i
, file n will be used
points in time have to be given in ascending order, i.e. TIME
1
<= <= TIME
n

- in all other cases (INIT, STEPn, POST), the same file name will be used for reading in
data at the stated points in time; no interpolation of results takes place. The same read
in values will be used for every analysis time until the file is read again
Examples:
DATAFILE 1 INIT
+ conv_val.csv
Element-wise values for the ambient temperature and htc value are read from the file
conv_val.csv, result number 1 and 2 (the format is described in Appendix A). The file will
be updated once at the start of the solution process.
DATAFILE 1 TABL
+ 5.0 conv_val_5.csv
+ 10.0 conv_val_10.csv
For 0 < t < 5.0, values from file conv_val_5.csv will be used.
For 5.0 <= t < 10.0, linearly interpolated values of files conv_val_5.csv and
conv_val_10.csv will be used.
For t >= 10.0, values from file conv_val_10.csv will be used.
Related Keywords:
MAPFILE, POSTFRQ, SENDFILE, TINITFE
46
DEFCONV
Modification of the default parameters for the simplified convection laws
(BC-FC and BC-MFC).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DEFCONV A_NAT B_NAT C_NAT A_FOR1 B_FOR1 C_FOR1
+ A_FOR2 B_FOR2 C_FOR2 CRIT_VEL MIN_HTC
Property: Contents:
[A_NAT]
[B_NAT]
[C_NAT]
[A_FOR1]
[B_FOR1]
[C_FOR1]
[A_FOR2]
[B_FOR2]
[C_FOR2]
(real > 0, default: 0.0)
(real, default: 0.25)
[CRIT_VEL] critical velocity (real > 0, default: 5m/sec)
[MIN_HTC] minimum convective heat transfer coefficient in a steady state analysis
(real > 0, default: 1.0W/(m
2
C))
Remarks:
The minimum htc value protects the solver from convection coefficients that tend towards
0 in a steady state analysis. The reason for this is the fact that htc=0 might cause
irresolvable matrices with det(A)=0.
Related Keywords:
BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC
47
Example:

Create your own simplified forced convection law...

Theory Manual (1.64/1.65)
n
0 n
m 1 n
m n
for
v
Pr aL
L
Pr Re a
h
v

=
=

For laminar conditions: a=0.664, n=1/2, m=1/3
For turbulent conditions: a=0.037, n=4/5, m=1/3
m n
for
Pr Re a Nu =
L
Re
v
L v
Re
crit
crit
crit
crit
v
=
v
= Theory Manual (1.43)
3
Air properties: Pr=0.715, =0.0257W/Km, v=154E-7 m
2
/s.
and for a characteristic length of L=0.5m
for
c
0 for for for
v b a h + =
Theory Manual (1.68)
8 . 0 n c ; 9 . 6
Pr L 037 . 0
b ; 0 a : v v
5 . 0 n c ; 5 . 5
Pr L 664 . 0
b ; 0 a : v v 0
s m 4 . 15 v
2 , for 8 . 0
3 / 1 1 8 . 0
2 , for 2 , for crit
1 , for 5 . 0
3 / 1 1 5 . 0
1 , for 1 , for crit
crit
= = =
v

= = <
= = =
v

= = < <
=

Warning: the function for h
for
creates a jump at the critical velocity 15.4m/s because of
sudden changes in flow conditions (laminarturbulent)

DEFCONV 0 5.5 0.5
+ 0 6.9 0.8 15.4
The default settings for the natural convection parameters remain unchanged.
48
DEFRBE
Use this Keyword to change global settings for multi-point-constraints:
RBAR, RBE2, RBE3...
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DEFRBE DOFDEF DOFFIX WARN POST
Property: Contents:
DOFDEF Defaults for temperature point IDs to be coupled
e.g. DOFDEF=123 couples temperature points 1,2,3 (default: DOFDEF=1)
[DOFFIX] If DOFFIX is non-blank the temperature point IDs defined here will
overwrite all individual settings for DOF in the Keywords RBAR, RBE2,
RBE3.
[WARN] Choose WARN=OFF to suppress MPC warnings during preprocessing.
[POST] Choose POST=OFF to suppress MPCs in hdf-file (model data).
Remarks:
- If DOFFIX is non-blank DOFDEF will be ignored.
- Within the THESEUS-FE oven module DOFFIX=1 by default.
Related Keywords:
RBAR, RBE2, RBE3
49
DEFSUN
Global definitions for a parallel radiating sun.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DEFSUN ID I_DR I_DF PHI_ALTI PHI_AZI GR_REFL OFFSET RFL_ELM
+ F_Z Z_MES Z_GR
Property: Contents:
ID Sun ID (integer > 0)
I_DR direct maximum solar intensity [W/m
2
] as a
- value (real > 0)
[I_DF] diffusive solar intensity [W/m
2
] on a horizontal plate as a
- value (real > 0)
PHI_ALTI solar altitude angle [deg] as a
- value (real > 0)
see figure next page
PHI_AZI solar azimuth angle [deg] as a
- value (real > 0)
see figure next page
[GR_REFL] ground reflectance (0 real 1, default: 0.2)
[OFFSET] rotates the car with an offset for the solar altitude angle [deg] (real)
see figure next page (default: 0.0)
[RFL_ELM] Refinement level for the elements (1 integer 100, default: 1)
each element is subdivided into RFL_ELM
2
sub-elements
[F_Z] Reference to a table (TABDIST) that defines a qualitatve distribution as a
function F(z) that allowes to apply the direct solar intensity as a function of
the global z coordinate.
[Z_MES] Only necessary if F_Z is defined:
Z_MES (real) is the global z coordinate where I_DR holds.
[Z_GR] Only necessary if F_Z is defined:
Z_GR (real) is the global z coordinate of the ground.
This value will be applied to calculate the ground reflection.

50
Related Keyword:
BC-SUN, PRAD, TABTIME, TABDIST, DEFSUNP

S
N
g
l
o
b
a
l

x

a
x
i
s
ground
(horiz. surface)
E
W
g
l
o
b
.

y

a
x
i
s
Zenith
glob. z axis
(normal to horiz. surface)
Sun
|
alti
S
W
E
N
ground
z
s
u
z
=90-
alti
azi
azi
alti

azi
=
azi
+ o
W
E
S
N
sun
y
x
y
x
azi
y
x
y
x
W
E
S
N
sun
azi
OFFSET = 0 (default)
The global x-axis is id. with the N-axis.
The car is targeted to the S-axis (negativ x-axis).
OFFSET = o
Rotates the car counter-clockwise.
o
(e.g. in the morning)
o = 90 the car is targeted to the East (E).
o = 180 the car is targeted to the North (N).
o = 270 the car is targeted to the West (W).
(e.g. in the morning)

51
Remarks:
The direct maximum intensity I
dr
in [W/m
2
] is the solar heat flux density that hits a plane
with normal incidence

Sun
s
horiz. plane (ground)
plane with normal incidence
u
z
=90-
alti
direct solar heat flux density
hitting the plane: I
df
direct solar heat flux density
hitting the plane: I
df
cos(u
z
)

On the horizontal ground the direct solar heat flux density is: ( )
z dr grnd
cos I I u =
and if diffuse solar radiation is active: ( )
df z dr grnd
I cos I I + u =

For the case where the solar heat flux density on the ground had been measured:
the maximum direct intensity can be derived from:
( )
z
grnd
dr
cos
I
I
u
=
and if diffuse solar radiation is active:
( )
z
df grnd
dr
cos
I I
I
u
=

On a clear sky day the diffuse part of the solar heat can often be approximated as 10% of
the global irradiation:
( )
z
grnd
dr grnd df
cos
I 9 . 0
I I 1 . 0 I
u
= =
Example:
For given quantities:
azi
=120,
alti
=25 and I
grnd
=200W/m
2

The solar intensities for the Keyword DEFSUN can be derived from
( )
2
dr
2
df
m
W
426
25 90 cos
200 9 . 0
I ,
m
W
20 200 1 . 0 I =

= = =
DEFSUN 1 426 20 25 120

For the ground reflection a default value of
grnd
=0.1 will be considered. The reflected heat
flux density is
2
grnd grnd
m W 20 200 1 . 0 I = =

52
Example:
DEFSUN 1 1000 100 90 180 0.1
+ TAB1_2 1.3 -0.37
TABDIST 1
+ -0.37 566
+ 0.7 870
+ 1.3 1000

The direct solar intensity will be applied on the finite element model as a funtion of the
global z coordinate: I
dr
(z) = [F(z)/F(1.3)] * I
dr

53
DEFSUNP
Global definitions for a solar point source radiator.
References: see next page and Theory Manual Chapter 1.3.2
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DEFSUNP ID I SX SY SZ MIN_PSI MAX_PSI RFL_ELM
+ MIN_PHI MAX_PHI NX NY NZ MX MY MZ
Property: Contents:
ID Sun ID (integer > 0)
I Short-wave scaled intensity [W] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a table (TABANGL)
to define the intensity as a function I=I()
(see next page)
SX, SY, SZ Source position s: x, y, z components
- value (real)
[MIN_PSI] Minimum angle [deg] (0 real 180, default: 0)
[MAX_PSI] Maximum angle [deg] (0 real 180)
[RFL_ELM] Refinement level for the elements (1 integer 100, default: 0)
each element is subdivided into RFL_ELM
2
sub-elements
[MIN_PHI] Minimum angle [deg] (0 real 360, default: 0)
[MAX_PHI] Maximum angle [deg] (0 real 360)
[NX, NY, NZ] Direction vector n: x, y, z components
- value (real)
Only needed if MAX_PSI or I=I() had been defined.
[MX, MY, MZ] Direction vector m: x, y, z components
- value (real)
Only needed if MAX_PHI had been defined.

Related Keyword:
BC-SUN, PRAD, TABTIME, TABDIST, DEFSUN

54
Solar point source: S
P
r
AA
m
n
m

A solar point source at the location S creates a local heat load q
r
= AQ/AA in W/m
2
at the
small area AA with distance r. The total amount of heat radiated from S can be derived
from the following formula: ( )
} }
= = d d sin r q dA q Q
2
r r

With the Keyword DEFSUNP the user defines the short-wave intensity I in W:
( )
}
= = d d sin I Q r q I
2
r

For an electric bulb the intensity should be a constant value. The total amount of heat can
then be derived from: ( ) t = =
}
4 I d d sin I Q . But the Keyword DEFSUNP enables to
define the intensity I=I() as a tabular function of , too.
55
DEFTAUTO
Settings for the usage of the AUTO option in keyword BC-C/FC/MFC

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DEFTAUTO T_ERR PERCVAL DMX RFL
Property: Contents:
[T_ERR] this value is used as an indicator value only and will be applied to all
element sides as the fluid temperature where this algorithm is used but
the element side gets classified as being not inside a cavity (real, default: -
999.); since convection will be turned off then (HTC=0) it has no influence
on the simulation and should only be used for debugging purposes
[PERCVAL] percentage value; if less than PERCVAL% rays cast from a shell element
are not hitting another shell element, then it is classified as not being
inside a cavity (real, 0.<=PERCAL<=100., default: 50)
[DMX] ray hit distance tolerance value; only ray hits with a hit distance below
DMX will be taken into account (real, 0<=DMX, default: 0.3)
[RFL] refinement level for the ray tracing algorithm; number of rays cast per
element: 3*2
2
*
RFL
(integer, 1<=RFL<=6, default: 2)
Remarks:
The refinement level and hit distance tolerance value are used for both the ray casting to
determine if a facet is in an enclosed area and the ray casting to determine the fluid
temperature at the facet.

Example:
DEFTAUTO -100. 33 0.6 4
The value T_ERR=-100C will be used for all shell elements classified as not being inside
a cavity. A shell element is put into this class, if less than PERCVAL=33% of all rays cast
for it are hitting another shell element within a metric distance of at most DMX=0.6 m.
Due to RFL=4, 3*2
2
*
4
=768 rays are cast per element to determine if it is inside a cavity
and later on to determine T_ambient for the element sides.

Related Keywords:
BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC
56
FECRIT
Settings for shell element quality checks.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6
FECRIT MIN_DST MIN_ANG MAX_ANG MAX_ASP MAX_WARP
Property: Contents:
[MIN_DST]
[MIN_ANG]
[MAX_ANG]
[MAX_ASP]
[MAX_WARP]
Minimum distance [m] between 2 grids (real > 0, default: 1E-8)
Minimum inner edge angle [deg] (real > 0, default:1)
Maximum inner edge angle [deg] (real > 0, default: 175)
Maximum aspect ratio [-] (real > 0, default: 100)
Maximum warping angle [deg] (real > 0, default: 65)
Remarks:
If this Keyword is used in an analysis, shell elements that do not fulfil the requirements
lead to an ERROR message and a solver stop.
If this Keyword is unused in an analysis, shell elements that do not fulfil the default
requirements lead to a WARNING message in the rpt-file.
d
1
/d
2
< MAX_ASP = 100
b > MIN_ANG = 1
o
|
o < MAX_ANG = 175
d > MIN_DST=1E-8m
d
< MAX_WARP = 65
d
1
d
2

Example:
FECRIT
Shell elements that miss the standard checks lead to an ERROR message and a solver
stop.
FECRIT 0.001
The minimum grid distance had been changed form 1e-8 to 0.001m = 1mm.
57
FMBC
Global definitions for the Flowmaster interface.
Use this Keyword to couple THESEUS-FE with Flowmaster.
Warnig: The Flowmaster interface is only available on Windows 32bit.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FMBC FMBC_ID TYPE CN_NUMB DATA1 DATA2 DATA3
+ CODE_W1
+ CODE_W2
+ CODE_W3
Property: Contents:
FMBC_ID identifier (1 integer 10)
[TYPE] TYPE=COMP or NODE (default: COMP)
CN_NUM component or node number of the Flowmaster network (integer > 0)
DATA1 fixed value (real) or reference to a time table (TABTIME)
CODE_W1 Flowmaster code word for a boundary condition that refers to DATA1
(char*32)
[DATA2] fixed value (real) or reference to a time table (TABTIME)
[CODE_W2] Flowmaster code word for a boundary condition that refers to DATA2
(char*32)
[DATA3] fixed value (real) or reference to a time table (TABTIME)
[CODE_W3] Flowmaster code word for a boundary condition that refers to DATA3
(char*32)
Example:
FMBC 1 COMP 3 TAB1_2
+ Temperature
Temperature values listed in a time-dependent table (number 1, column 2) will be set from
THESEUS-FE to the Flowmaster component number 3 as a boundary condition labelled
with identifier number 1.
Remarks:
- it is possible to set up to three different boundary condition at one Flowmaster
component or node
58
- the number of boundary conditions set from THESEUS-FE to Flowmaster is limited to a
maximum of 10
- in a transient Flowmaster simulation the boundary has to be set at a COM controller
component (i.e. it is not allowed to set at any other component or any node)
Related Keywords:
FMFILE, VENTILT-FMFVT, VENTILT-FMRVT, TABTIME
59
FMFILE
Basic settings for the Flowmaster interface.
Use this Keyword to couple THESEUS-FE with Flowmaster.
Warnig: The Flowmaster interface is only available on Windows 32bit.
Syntax:
1 2
FMFILE CASE
+ PROJ_NAME
+ NET_NAME
+ DB_SOURCE
+ DB_NAME
+ DB_ROOT_NAME
+ USER_NAME
+ PASSWD
Property: Contents:
CASE simulation type of the Flowmaster calculation
CASE=SS, steady-state
CASE=ST, single transient
PROJ_NAME name of the Flowmaster project without file suffix .FMprj (char*255)
NET_NAME name of the Flowmaster network within the project defined in
PROJ_NAME without file suffix .FMnde (char*255)
DB_SOURCE Flowmaster database SQL source (char*255)
DB_NAME Flowmaster database name (char*255)
DB_ROOT_NAME Flowmaster database root name (char*255)
USER_NAME Database user name (char*255)
PASSWD Database password (char*255)

60
Example:
FMFILE ST
+ THESEUS\MyProject
+ ACnetwork
+ localhost\SQLEXPRESS
+ Flowmaster
+ Flowmaster
+ Admin
+ xyz
Links THESEUS-FE to a transient calculation of the ACnetwork defined in the Flowmaster
project named MyProject.
Related Keywords:
FMBC, VENTILT-FMFVT, VENTILT-FMRVT, POSTFRQ
61
GRID
Definition of a grid point (node) in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
GRID NID X_COORD Y_COORD Z_COORD
Property: Contents:
NID grid point ID (integer > 0)
X_COORD
Y_COORD
Z_COORD
grid point coordinates [m]
in the global rectangular coordinate system (real)
Remarks:
- do not use free nodes (not connected with any finite element)
Related Keywords:
CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTETRA, CPENTA, CHEXA, RBE2, RBE3, CBAR, CBEAM, CROD

62
INCLUDE
Include an additional ASCII formatted file, composed of a list of Keywords here.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INCLUDE SCALE OFF_X OFF_Y OFF_Z TISCFLAG
+ NAME
+ PWD
Alternative syntax:
INCLUDE NAME
Property: Contents:
NAME ascii file name (char*255)
if no file name suffix exists: .tfe will be added automatically
[SCALE] Scale factor (real > 0, default: 1) for elements to be read from include file.
e.g. use the scale factor 0.001 to to read in NASTRAN elements originally
defined in millimeters:
- GRID cooordinates will be multiplied with 0.001 m/mm
- PSHELL/PCOMP thickness will be multiplied with 0.001 m/mm
- PBAR/PBEAM/PROD area will be multiplied with 10
-6
m
2
/mm
2

[OFF_X]
[OFF_Y]
[OFF_Z]
Offset in [m] (real, default: 0) for FE mesh to be read from an include file.
- This offset will be applied to GRID coordinates.
[TISCFLAG] optional: set this field to TISC to make the file name editable by TISC
[PWD] optional: password in case of an encrypted include file
Remark:
- Nested include files are not permitted.
(do not use the Keyword INCLUDE in an include file)
- Material parameters stored with Keywords MAT4/MAT5 will not be scaled.
63
Example:
INCLUDE 0.001 0.895
+ mesh.nas
Keyword lists in the files mesh.nas and group_definitions.tfe will be included here.
The finite element mesh stored in mesh.nas had been defined in millimeters and will now
be transformed to meters.
Transformation rule applied to GRID coordinates read from mesh.nas:
x = x*0.001 ; y = y*0.001 ; z = z*0.001+ 0.895.
Related Keywords:
GRID, PSHELL, PBAR, TISCSRV, SCALE
64
LINALG
Settings for the iterative solver of the linear equation system.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LINALG METHOD MXITER PREC PRECFRQ ILUT_TOL ILUT_FAC
+ NITRAUTO
Field: Contents:
[METHOD] method for the solution of the linear equation system
- METHOD = "CG", conjugate gradient method (default)
- METHOD = "BICGSTAB", biconjugate gradient stabilized method
- METHOD = "AUTO", determine most efficient method automatically (see
option NITRAUTO)
[MXITER] max. number of iterations allowed (integer>0, default: min(10000, #DOF))
[PREC] preconditioner for method CG/BICGSTAB;
attention: option will be ignored for METHOD = AUTO
- PRECOND ="ILU0", incomplete LU decomposition without fill-in (default)
- PRECOND ="ILUT", incomplete LU decomposition with threshold-guided
fill-in (only available for METHOD = BICGSTAB)
- PRECOND = JACOBI, symmetric Jacobi preconditioner
- PRECOND = "OFF", no matrix preconditioning
[PRECFRQ] preconditioner update frequency
- PRECFRQ = NLITR, updated every nonlinear iteration
- PRECFRQ = STEPk, updated every k-th step
- PRECFRQ = OPT, update points in time are determined automatically
to balance preconditioner calculation time and iteration numbers
(default)
[ILUT_TOL] only for PREC = ILUT: threshold value for fill-in (real>0,default: 1.e-7)
[ILUT_FAC] only for preconditioner ILUT: factor describing how much more fill-in
compared to the system matrix size is allowed (real >= 1.0, default: 3.0)
[NITRAUTO] only for METHOD = AUTO: number of iterations that has to be exceeded
in any nonlinear iteration to activate automatic method determination
(integer>0, default: 200); the test will not be carried out more than once
during a simulation
Attention:
If the matrix determinant is zero (det(A)=0), the CG/BICGSTAB method definitively does
not converge. This occurs for instance in a steady state analysis, if there are none of the
following boundary conditions defined in the system: BC-TEMP, BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC,
BC-FIALA, BC-RAD.
65
Also if the convection coefficient is zero or very small, convergence problems in the linear
iterations might appear. If a solution cant be achieved with the steady state solver for a
certain problem, use the transient solver with a sufficiently long simulation time to
approach a steady state condition.
Related Keywords:
SOL
66
MANIKIN - FIALA-FE
Global definitions for the advanced thermoregulatory manikin FIALA-FE.
References:
- Theory Manual Chapter 3
- Appendix C: User-Subroutines (USER_MANFIAL_...)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MANIKIN MANID FIALA-FE MODE SYSTEM POSI NBE ACT LINK
+ T_W E_W T_A V_A RH T_BLA LEWIS ACT_BAS
Property: Contents:
MANID manikin ID (0 integer 9999)
MODE - MODE=UNCPLD, stand-alone modus, manikin not coupled with shell
elements of type PSHELLMF (e.g. to calculate set-point temperatures at
thermal neutrality)
- MODE=CPLD, coupled modus, manikin coupled with shell elements of
type PSHELLMF (heat exchange via radiation, convection, evaporation,
contact)
SYSTEM - SYSTEM=PASSIVE, thermoregulatory mechanisms not active
(especially to calculate set-point temperatures at thermal neutrality)
- SYSTEM=ACTIVE thermoregulatory mechanisms active, standard case
POSI - POSI=STND, manikin position standing
- POSI=SED, manikin position sedentary
NBE number of body elements (integer > 0)
[ACT] basal metabolic activity level, act=1 stands for 58W/m
2
* A
man

- as a value (real > 0)
- or a reference to a time table (TABTIME)
- default value 0.8
[LINK] respiration link
- LINK=AIRn, n = ID of the Airzone coupled via respiration (integer>0)
- LINK=ID number of the shell group coupled via respiration
10
(integer>0)
only required for MODE=CPLD
[T_W] surrounding wall temperature for radiation heat exchange
- as a value (real)
only required for MODE=UNCPLD

10
This option is used in cases without airzones coupled with the manikin via convection.
67
[E_W] surrounding wall emissivity (0 real 1)
[T_A] environment temperature for convective heat exchange
- as a value (real)
[V_A] environment air velocity (real > 0)
[RH] environment air relative humidity
- as a value (0 real 100 %)
[T_BLA] optional: fixed aterial blood temperature (real)
only possible for SYSTEM=PASSIVE and MODE=UNCPLD
[LEWIS] optional: user defined Lewis constant [K/Pa] (default: 0.0165)
only possible for SYSTEM=PASSIVE and MODE=UNCPLD
[ACT_BAS] Basal activity level at thermal neutrality (default: 0.8met)
only considered for MODE=UNCPLD
Related Keywords:
BC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-FIALA, MANFBEL, MANFDBG, MANFISO, MANFLAY,
MANFPMVMANFSBC, MANFSCL, MANFSEC, PSHELLMF, TABTIME
68
MANFBEL
Body element definitions for manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MANFBEL MANID BE_ID NAME TYPE NSEC L H_X
+ A_SK A_SW A_DL A_CS A_SH A_M_W1 A_M_W2
+ A_NAT A_FR A_MIX
Property: Contents:
MANID manikin id. (integer > 0)
BE_ID body element id. (integer > 0)
NAME body element name (char*8)
TYPE = SPHERE or CYLINDR
NSEC number of sectors (integer > 0)
L length in [m] of body element (real > 0)
H_X CCX coefficient in [W/K] (real > 0)
A_SK distribution coefficient for mean skin temperature (0 real 1)
A_SW distribution coefficient for sweating (0 real 1)
A_DL distribution coefficient for vasodilatation (0 real 1)
A_CS distribution coefficient for vasoconstriction (0 real 1)
A_SH distribution coefficient for shivering (0 real 1)
A_M_W1 workload distribution coefficient, sedentary (0 real 1)
A_M_W2 workload distribution coefficient, standing (0 real 1)
A_NAT Regression coeff., natural convection (real > 0)
A_FRC Regression coeff., forced convection (real > 0)
A_MIX Regression coeff., mixed convection (real)
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE
69
MANFDBG
Special settings for the manikin FIALA-FE.
The usage of this Keyword creates additional sector-wise data in the THESEUS-FE result
file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/MANFIALs/...)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5
MANFDBG MANID OPT DT MAX_DT_SK_M
Property: Contents:
MANID manikin ID (integer > 0)
[OPT] if OPT=LAYER, layer wise data for post-processing will be written to the
.hdf-file
[DT] time step in [s] for explicit thermal velocity update
[MAX_DT_SK_M] for the comfort index DTS calculation:
max. value for changes of the mean skin temp. per hour (default: 8
C/hr)
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE
70
MANFISO
Local themal comfort indices based on the ISO14505 standard will be derived from
equivalent temperatures in a User Function USER_MANFIALA_ISO.f90
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
MANFISO MANID CLOTHING
Property: Contents:
[CLOTHING] CLOTHING=SUMMER (default) or WINTER
Remarks:
- Local comfort indices will be written to a dataset _all_iso_loc_cmf" in the hdf file. Those
indices can be visualized with the Field Variable LCISO, see Appendix B.
- Sector-wise parameters for the local themal comfort model can be defined with the
Keyword MANFPA1.

Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFPA1
71
MANFLAY
Material layer definitions per body element of the manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MANFLAY MANID BE_ID NAME_1 DISC_1 R_1 K_1 RHO_1 CP_1 W_BL_1 Q_M_1 A_RSP_1
+ NAME_2 DISC_2 R_2 K_2 RHO_2 CP_2 W_BL_2 Q_M_2 A_RSP_2
+
Property: Contents:
BE_ID body element id (integer > 0)
NAME_i layer name (char*8)
DISC_i number of discretisation points per layer (integer > 2)
R_i outer radius in [m] (real > 0)
K_i heat conductivity in [W/(mK)] (real > 0)
RHO_i density [kg/m
3
] (real > 0)
CP_i heat capacity [J/(kg K)] (real > 0)
W_BL_i basal value for blood perfusion [m
3
/s/m
3
] (real 0)
W_BL_i=CARDOUT is typically applied for the lung and realizes the total
amount of blood flow.
Q_M_i basal value for metabolic rate [W/m
3
] (real 0)
A_RSP_i distribution coefficient for respiration (0 real 1)
applied per sector
Remark:
The distribution coefficient for respiration will be applied per sector. E.g. for a body
element with 3 sectors A_RSP_i=0.1 will create an amount of A_RSP=0.3.
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE
72
MANFLAYR
Material layer definitions per body element of the manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MANFLAYR MANID BE_ID NAME_1 DISC_1 R_1 K_1 RHO_1 CP_1 W_BL_1 Q_M_1 A_RSP_1
+
Property: Contents:
RHO_i density [kg/m
3
] (real > 0)
3
/s/m
3
] (real 0)
3
] (real 0)
applied per body element
Remark:
The distribution coefficient for respiration A_RSP_i will be applied once per body element.
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE

73
MANFPA1, MANFPA2, MANFPA3
Define parameters for the calculation of sector-wise local thermal comfort indices in
Fortran User-Subroutines:
- Use MANFPA1 to given parameters to USER_MANFIAL_ISO.f90
- Use MANFPA2 to given parameters to USER_MANFIAL_ZHANG_SL.f90
- Use MANFPA2 to given parameters to USER_MANFIAL_ZHANG_SO.f90
- Use MANFPA3 to given parameters to USER_MANFIAL_ZHANG_LC.f90
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MANFPA1
MANFPA2
MANFPA3
MANID BE_ID NAME_1 P1_1 P2_1 P3_1 P4_1 ... P15_1
+ NAME_2 P1_2 P2_2 P3_2 P4_2 ... P15_2
+
Property: Contents:
[NAME_i] sector name (char*8)
[Pn_i] Parameter n for sector i (real)
Remark:
The default parameter value is 0.
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFSEC, MANFISO, MANFZLC

74
MANFPMV
PMV index and PPD calculation for manikin FIALA-FE.
Both indices will be written to the THESEUS-FE result file (suffix .hdf, folder:
5_ScalarResults/MANFIALs/..., datasets: _time_dep_data or _PMV)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
MANFPMV MANID ICL EMIS_SR V_A
Property: Contents:
[ICL] global manikin clothing isolation: I
cl
value in [clo] (real > 0)
1 clo stands for 0.155 Km
2
/W (default: 0.0)
[EMIS_SR] surrounding wall emissivity (0 real 1, default: 0.9)
only possible for MANIKIN-FIALA-FE, MODE=CPLD
[V_A] average environment air velocity in [m/s] (real 0)
only used for MANIKIN-FIALA-FE, MODE=CPLD.
If V_A remains undefined: an average air velocity from the convective
boundary conditions BC-FIALA will be used for the PMV calculation.
Remarks:
Uncoupled case:
PMV calculation uses the average environment air velocity V_A from the Keyword
MANIKIN FIALA-FE.
Coupled case:
THESEUS-FE will try to derive an average environment air velocity from the convective
boundary conditions BC-FIALA of all sectors. In some cases this is not possible, because
for example the htc values are given directly (Remarks:
The PMV calculation uses the following relations
for the metabolism and the mechanical work:
( ) ( ) 6 . 0 act 39 . 0 tanh 2 . 0 , 0 max
M W
m
W
1 . 58 act M
2
= q
q =
(
=

BC-C), then velocities remain unknown. For this special case it is recommended to fix the
velocity V_A here.
Related Keywords:
75
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-FIALA
76
MANFSBC
Individual boundary conditions for sectors of uncoupled manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MANFSBC MANID BE_ID SEC_ID T_W T_A V_A RH Q_SF
Property: Contents:
SEC_ID sector id (integer > 0)
T_W individual surrounding wall temperature in [C]
- as a value (real)
T_W=OFF neglects radiation heat exchange on this sector. The radiative
heat transfer coefficient h
r
=0.
T_A individual environment temperature in [C]
- as a value (real)
T_A=OFF neglects convective and evaporative heat exchange on this
sector. The convective heat transfer coefficient h
c,mix
=0. The air velocity
V_A will be ignored.
V_A individual environment air velocity in [m/s]
RH individual environment air relative humidity in [%]
- as a value (0 real 100 %)
[Q_SF] individually applied heat flux density in [W/m
2
] on the outer surface
11

Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFSEC
Remarks:
- Q_SF appears as a contact heat fluxes in the result file (suffix .hdf).
- The usage of Q_SF automatically switches the PMV/PPD calculation off.

11
The outer surface might be cloth or skin (for un-clothed sectors like face).
77
MANFSCL
Individual clothing layer for a sector of a manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
MANFSCL MANID BE_ID SEC_ID DISC THICKN SICL SIICL NSM CP
Property: Contents:
DISC number of discretisation points per layer (2 integer 10)
THICKN thickness in [m] of the clothing layer (real > 0)
SICL E(I
cl
*
) over all existing clothing layers in [clo],
1 clo stands for 0.155 m
2
K/W
(real > 0)
SIICL E(I
cl
*
/i
cl
*
) over all existing clothing layers in [clo],
1 clo stands for 0.155 m
2
K/W
(real > 0)
NSM non-structural mass [kg/m
2
]
(real > 0)
CP specific heat [J/(kg K)]
(real > 0)
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFSEC
78
MANFSEC
Sector definitions for manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MANFSEC MANID BE_ID NAME_1 NLAY_1 PHI_1 VF1_1 VF2_1 E_SF_1 L_1
+ NAME_2 NLAY_2 PHI_2 VF1_2 VF2_2 E_SF_2 L_2
+
Property: Contents:
NAME_i sector name (char*8)
NLAY_i number of material layers per sector (integer > 0)
PHI_i sector angle in [deg] (real > 0)
[VF1_i] dimensionless view factor, sedentary (0 real 1)
only required for MANIKIN MODE=UNCPLD
[VF2_i] dimensionless view factor, standing (0 real 1)
[E_SF_i] sector emission coefficient (0 real 1)
[L_i] optional: individual sector length in [m] (real > 0)
if this value remains undefined, the body element length will be taken
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFSCL, MANFSBC
79
MANFSETP
This Keyword defines a setpoint file (suffix .stp) for the manikin FIALA-FE. This file
contains setpoint temperatures T
0
that result from a simulation at thermal neutrality. Those
temperatures are used to derive the DTS index and active system response functions
during the simulation.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 3.1.5, 3.2, 3.3.1
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MANFSETP
+ FNAME
Property: Contents:
FNAME optional: setpoint file name (default: job file name + .stp)
Remark:
- Setpoint files are only required for the thermal manikin FIALA-FE with
SYSTEM=ACTIVE.
- The creation of a setpoint file from a simulation at thermal neutrality requires the
Keyword RESTWR.
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, RESTWR
80
MANFSLAY
Material layer definitions per sector of the manikin FIALA-FE.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
MANFLAYS MANID BE_ID SEC_ID NAME_1 DISC_1 R_1 K_1 RHO_1 CP_1 W_BL_1 Q_M_1 A_RSP_1
+
Property: Contents:
RHO_i density [kg/m
3
] (real > 0)
3
/s/m
3
] (real 0)
3
] (real 0)
applied per sector
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE

81
MANFZLC
Zhangs local thermal sensation and comfort indices will be calculated in User Functions:
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL.f90 and USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC.f90.
The User-Function USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO.f90 calculates the overall thermal
sensation index SO.
The User-Function USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO.f90 calculates the overall thermal
comfort index CO.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6
MANFZLC MANID OPT1 OPT2 RULE OPT3
Property: Contents:
OPT1 OPT1=DYNAMIC for a dynamic thermal sensation model (default)
OPT1=STATIC for a static thermal sensation model
OPT2 - OPT2 remains undefined by default to apply Zhangs formula for the
calculation of the overall sensation index SO in a range form -4 to +4.
- OPT2=PMV omits Zhangs formula for the calculation of the overall
sensation index SO and uses SO=PMV instead in a range from -3 to +3.
- OPT2=DTS ... uses SO=DTS instead in a range from -3 to +3.
- OPT2=PMV4 ... uses SO=PMV4 instead, with an extended PMV index
in a range from -4 to +4.
RULE Zhangs Overall Thermal Comfort Index based on
RULE=1
RULE=2 (default)
OPT3 OPT3=DEBUG creates debug information in the rpt-file
In some cases debug information will be written to a file: fort.201
Remark:
- Local comfort indices will be written to a dataset _all_zhang_comfort" in the hdf file.
Those indices can be visualized with the Field Variable LCZHA, see Appendix B.
- Local and global sensation indices will be written to a dataset _all_zhang_th_sens" in
the hdf file. Those indices can be visualized with the Field Variable SLZHA, see
Appendix B.
- Sector-wise parameters for the local/global thermal sensation model will be defined with
the Keyword MANFPA2. Those parameters will be given to the User Functions
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL and USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO.

82
- Sector-wise parameters for the local thermal comfort model can be defined with the
Keyword MANFPA3. Those parameters will be given to the User Functions
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC and USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO.

Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFPA2, MANFPA3

83
MAPFILE
File with mapping information used to read/write result files from different geometries.
Use this Keyword together with DATAFILE, SENDFILE or TISCVAR.
The map file can be created using the THESEUS-FE Transformer
References: Transformer Manual
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAPFILE FID
+ NAME
Property: Contents:
FID map file ID (integer)
NAME name of the map file (including path if necessary)
Remark:
For input result files (DATAFILE, TINITFE), mapping information in the map file for
direction 1->2 has to be present. For output result files (SENDFILE) it is the other way
round (2->1).
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, SENDFILE, TISCVAR
84
MAT4
Definition of thermal material properties in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT4 MID COND CP RHO H_GEN
Property: Contents:
MID Material identification number (integer > 0).
COND Conductivity in [W/(m K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a temperature table (TABTEMP)
- reference to a time table (TABTIME)
CP Specific heat in [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
RHO Specific mass in [kg/m
3
]
- value (real > 0)
[H_GEN] Internal heat generation [W/m
3
] as a
- value (real)
Remarks:
- Internal heat generation is only available on shells and solids.
Related Keywords:
PBAR, PSHELL, PCOMP, PSOLID
85
MAT4 - AIRLAYER
Definition of thermal material properties for an internal air layer.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$AIRLAYER
MAT4 MID EMIS1 EMIS2 HTC
Property: Contents:
EMIS1/2 emission coefficients of the two bounding surfaces (real > 0)
[HTC] convective heat transfer coefficient in [W/(m
2
K)] (real > 0).
If HTC=0 only heat conduction of air will be considered. A built-in formula
for the thermal conductivity of air is used.
Remark:
- Use air layers exclusively for composite shells (PCOMP).
- Do not use air layers as 1
st
or last composite layer.
Related Keywords:
PCOMP, PSHELL3 - AIRLAYER/VACLAYER
86
MAT4 - VACLAYER
Definition of thermal material properties for an internal vacuum layer.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$VACLAYER
MAT4 MID EMIS1 EMIS2
Property: Contents:
Remark:
- Use vacuum layers exclusively for composite shells (PCOMP).
- Do not use vacuum layers as 1
st
or last composite layer.
Related Keywords:
PCOMP, PSHELL3 - AIRLAYER/VACLAYER

87
MAT5
Definition of anisotropic thermal material properties in NASTRAN format.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT5 MID K11 K22 K33 CP
+ RHO H_GEN
Property: Contents:
K11 Conductivity in the material 1-axis in [W/(m K)] (real > 0)
CP Specific heat in [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
RHO Specific mass in [kg/m
3
]
- value (real > 0)
[H_GEN] Internal heat generation [W/m
3
] as a
- value (real)
Remarks:
- Anisotropic conductivity is only available for composite shell elements (PCOMP).
Related Keywords:
PCOMP, CQUAD4, CTRIA3, TABTEMP, TABTIME
88
MONITOR
Temperatures of different kinds of THESEUS-FE objects will be written to the hdf result file
(dataset: 7_Convergence) after each non-linear iteration of the solver.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MONITOR OBJECT ID SIDE
Property: Contents:
OBJECT - OBJECT=VOL, n=ID of the volume (integer > 0)
- OBJECT=AIRn, n=ID of the Airzone (integer > 0)
- OBJECT=SHELL, shell element
- OBJECT=SET, shell element set
- OBJECT=CONM2, single point mass capacity
- OBJECT=GRID, grid point
- OBJECT=DOF, degree-of-freedom
[ID] object identification number (integer > 0)
only for OBJECT=SHELL, SET, CONM2, GRID or DOF
[SIDE] SIDE=POS or NEG
only for OBJECT=SHELL or SET or GRID
Remark:
- Use this Keyword only once in a model.
Examples:
MONITOR VOL1
or
MONITOR AIR2
or
MONITOR SHELL 345 POS
or
MONITOR GRID 67732 NEG

89
MPC
General multi-point-constraint couples temperature points of grid points.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6
MPC ID SL SLTP
+ MA1 MATP1 W1
+ MA2 MATP2 W2
+ MA3 MATP3 W3
+
Property: Contents:
ID MPC ID (integer > 0)
SL slave grid point ID (integer > 0)
SLTP slave temperature point ID (integer > 0)
MAn master grid point ID (integer > 0)
MATPn master temperature point ID (integer > 0)
Wn weighting factor of the master (real > 0)
Example
To couple the slave temperature point 1 of grid point 200 with temperature points 1,2 of
grid point 100 use
1 2 3 4 5 6
MPC 1 200 1
+ 100 1 0.5
+ 100 2 0.5

ma
2 , 100
ma
1 , 100
sl
1 , 200
T 5 . 0 T 5 . 0 T + =

90
OVEN
Global settings for the THESEUS-FE oven module. Convection and view factor radiation
will be activated automatically on each shell element in the model.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
OVEN T0_FE T0_CIRC PSHDSC EMIS_FE EMIS_BGR REFLEC
+ DMX1 DMX2 POST_GAP SOLIDFLAG
+ UPDATE FINALSEC DT0
+ NVF_MTH NVF_DSC NVF_SIG1 NVF_SIG2 NVF_EXP
Property: Contents:
T0_FE Initial temperature for the finite element model (real).

Use T0_FE = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
identification number (integer > 0).
[T0_CIRC] Initial for the circulating air temperature (real).
default: T0_CIRC = T0_FE

Use T0_CIRC = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[PSHDSC] PSHELL discretization in thickness direction (1 integer 3, default: 1).
[EMIS_FE] Emissivity for the finite element model (0 real 1, default: 1).
[EMIS_BGR] Radiation background emissivity (0 real 1, default: 1).
[REFLEC] REFLEC=OFF black body radiation (default: OFF)
REFLEC=ON grey body radiation
[DMX1] Max. search dist. for gap temperature (T
gap
) in [m]
(real > 0, default: 0.15m).

Use DMX1 = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[DMX2] Max. search dist. for gap factor in [m]
(real > 0, default: 0.7m).

Use DMX2 = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[POST_GAP] POST_GAP=YES gap factors will be written to the hdf file.
(default: POST_GAP=NO)
91
[SOLIDFLAG] optional: set SOLIDFLAG=YES if long-wave radiation shall be deactivated
for all shell element sides adjacent to solid element; ensure that all solid
elements are covered with shell elements in this case otherwise it will
lead to incorrect results (default: SOLIDFLAG=NO)
[UPDATE] UPDATE=STEP convective bound. cond. will be updated at the start of
each time step (default)
UPDATE=ITER convective bound. cond. will be updated at each
nonlinear iteration
[FINALSEC] last sector ID to be simulated
(default: no entry for FINALSEC simulation stops with the last defined
sector)
[DT0] Small initial time step per sector in (real > 0, default: 3 s)
[NVF_MTH] Nozzle influence factor calculation method:
NZ_MTH =CIRC or BOX (default) or OLD

NZ_MTH=OLD uses a circle with 8 rays (one in the center) and ignores
individual settings for NZ_DSC and NZ_SIG2.
The following settings are fixed: NZ_DSC=3, NZ_SIG2=NZ_SIG1.
[NVF_DSC] Nozzle influence factor: discretization level (1 integer 6, default: 3)
[NVF_SIG1] Nozzle influence factor: 1
st
refraction angle in [deg]
(0 real 90 deg, default: 30 deg)

Use NVF_SIG1 = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[NVF_SIG2] Nozzle influence factor: 2
nd
refraction angle in [deg]
(0 real 90 deg, default: 30 deg)

Use NZ_SIG2 = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[NVF_EXP] Nozzle influence factor: exponent (real > 0, default: 1)

Use NZ_EXP = VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter

92
o
1
o
2
x
z
y
refraction angles

93
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
4
9
16
25
36
NVF_MTH = BOX CIRC level rays

94
OVENNOZ
Defines a nozzle line for the oven module.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OVENNOZ ID SYM
+ Y Z PHI1 PHI2 PHI3 L POST
Property: Contents:
ID Nozzle line identification number (0 < integer < 100).
SYM Symmetry=YES or NO (default)
Y Global y coordinate in [m] (real).

Use Y=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter identification
number (integer > 0).
Z Global z coordinate in [m] (real).

Use Z=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter identification
PHI1 Direction angle of the main nozzle ray in [deg] (real).

Use PHI1=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
PHI2 Inner (core) spread angle of the nozzle in [deg].
(0 real 180, default: 30 deg).

PHI3 Outer spread angle of the nozzle in [deg].
(real, 0-180, PH3>PHI2, default: 60 deg).

L Finite elements with a distance d < L (to the nozzle) will be influenced by
the nozzle. L in [m] (real > 0, default: 5 m).

Use L=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter identification
POST POST=YES nozzle influence factors will be written to the hdf file.
(default: POST=NO)

95

Example:
$top_noz
OVENNOZ 1 NO
+ -1.2 2.0 -30 45 75 3
$bot_noz
OVENNOZ 2 NO
+ -1.2 0.6 0 45 75 3

Nozzle 1, "top_nozzle"
y-coord. = -1.2m
z-coord. = 2m
1
= -30
2
= 45
3
= 75
Nozzle 2, "bottom_nozzle"
y-coord. = -1.2m
z-coord. = 0.6m
z
y
+
1
1
=-30
2
=45
3
=75
1
=0
x
( ) ( ) | |
1 1
sin , cos , 0
cut through
the oven:
global coordinate system
components of the main direction vector:

Example:
$top_noz
OVENNOZ 1 YES
+ -1.2 2.0 -30 45 75 3

Nozzle 1, "top_noz"
y-coord. = -1.2m
z-coord. = 2m
1
= -30
2
= 45
3
= 75
z
y
+
1
1
=-30
2
=45
3
=75
x
1
=210
2
=45
Symmetric Nozzle 101
y-coord. = 1.2m
z-coord. = 2m
1
= 210
2
= 45
3
= 75
96
OVENREAD
The nozzle influence factors will be read from a binary transfer file (suffix .noz).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OVENREAD
+ NAME
Property: Contents:
NAME nozzle influence factor file name (default: job name + .noz)

97
OVENRULE
Defines a so-called advanced convection rule for the OVEN module.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 13
OVENRULE RID TYPE K1 K2 K3 ... ... K10
Property: Contents:
RID Rule identification number (integer > 0).
TYPE Rule type number (integer, 1 or 4).
K1..K10 Parameters (real>0, K5 < 0.001)
Advanced convection rules take as input the standard heat transfer coefficient h
K
resulting
from the parameters in the OVENSEC keyword and apply a given transformation to it. The
result is the final heat transfer coefficient h
FINAL
to be applied at a given location.

The formulas are as follows:

For TYPE = 1:

For TYPE = 2:

For TYPE = 3:

For TYPE = 4:

Finally, h
FINAL
= h
TYPE
. The variables used in the formulas are:

Related Keywords:
OVENSEC
| |
3 . 1 2 . 1 1 . 1 1
k
5
4
3 . 1
k
2
1 2 . 1 K 1 . 1
h , h , h max h
otherwise : 0
TV or T type of is nozzle f i :
k
V
1 k
h ,
k
dT
1 k h , h h
6
3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = =
| |
<
=
otherwise : h
h d if : h , h max
h
1
7 8 1
2
( ) | |
9 10 9 2 3
k k U k h h + =
( ) | |
9 10 9 1 4
k k U k h h + =
factor gap - 1 : U
nozzle nearest to distance : d
TV or T type of nozzles for velocity : V
fluid and wall between difference e temperatur : dT
98
OVENSEC
Defines parameters for a section of the oven.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OVENSEC TIME DT T_CIRC H_CIRC H_GAP RID
+ NOZn L T_F H_MX TYPE REF
+ WALm T_W
+
Property: Contents:

TIME Sector duration time in [s] (real > 0).
DT Fixed time step size in [s] within the sector
(real: 1..TIME, default: 30 s).
T_CIRC Circulating air: temperature at the end of the sector in [C] (real).
A linear ramp function will be used within the sector.

Use T_CIRC=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
H_CIRC Circulating air: convective heat transfer coefficient in [W/m
2
K] (real > 0).

Use H_CIRC=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
H_GAP Convective contact (gap): heat transfer coeff. in [W/m
2
K] (real > 0).

Use H_GAP=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
RID Rule identification number (0 integer)
default: 0 advanced convection rules are not used, see OVENRULE
keyword
NOZn n = nozzle identification number (0 < integer < 100)
as defined with Keyword OVENNOZ
L For NOZn:
Convective heat transfer coefficient at elements hit by the nozzle will be
ramped (linear) down from H_MX to H_CIRC in a distance L in [m]. (real,
default: 5m)

Use L=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter identification
99
T_F For NOZn:
Fluid air temperature at elements hit by the nozzle in [C] (real).

Use T_F=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
H_MX For NOZn:
Maximum convective heat transfer coefficient at elements hit by the
nozzle in [W/m
2
K] (real > 0).

Use H_MX=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter
[TYPE] For NOZn:
Standard nozzle type: TYPE=TH (default)
Nozzle only affects convective heat transfer coefficient: TYPE=H
Nozzle only affects convective fluid temperature: TYPE=T
Nozzle only affects fluid velocity: TYPE=V
Nozzle affects fluid temperature and velocity: TYPE=TV
(TYPE=V and TV are only available in combination with RID0)
[REF] Reference to element set id (e.g. REF=S1) to apply nozzle exclusively on
shell elements of a certain set.
REF=ALL is default.
WALm m = radiation wall identification number (integer > 0)
as defined with Keyword OVENWALL
T_W For WALm:
Radiation wall temperature in [C] (real).

Use T_W=VARn for parameter optimization, n is the parameter

Remarks:
- The ramp function of the circulating air temperature will be used for radiation walls that
remain undefined here.
Example:
OVENSEC 60 20 120 12 9
+ NOZ1 2.5 130 50
+ WAL1 130
100
Example:
OVENSEC 78 30 40 12 8
OVENSEC 450 30 110 12 8
+ NOZ1 5 120 20
+ NOZ2 5 120 20
+ WAL1 120
The circulating air temperature starts with the initial element temperature. A linear ramp
function reaches 40C after 78 seconds and 110C after 528 seconds.
Nozzles will be switched off during the first 78 seconds. Then the nozzles 1 and 2 will be
activated in the 2
nd
sector (duration: 450 seconds).
Radiation walls use the linear ramp function of the circulating air during the first 78
seconds. Then the radiation wall 1 will be fixed at 120C in the 2
nd
sector.
The thermal simulation finishes after 528 seconds.

2

3
L
y
z
T
c
: convective fluid temperature
at the element (hit by the nozzle ray)
dist.: nozzle - elm.
T
c
=T
f
T
u
h
c
: convective heat transfer coeff.
at the element (hit by the nozzle ray)
dist.: nozzle - elm.
h
c
=h
mx
h
u
L'
T
c
, h
c
=
3
/2
=
2
/2
h
c
=h
mx
h
c
=h
u
T
c
=T
f
T
c
=T
u

101
OVENWALL
Select a group of shell elements as oven walls (for the radiation heat exchange).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
OVENWALL ID GID EMIS
+ METHOD X1 Y1 Z1 DX DY DZ X2 Y2 Z2
Property: Contents:
ID Radiation wall identification number (0 < integer 99).
EMIS Emissivity of the radiation oven wall (0 real 1, default: 1).
[GID] Group identification number (integer > 0).
of (external) shell elements referenced as radiation wall.

Further parameters are only required for undefined GID:

Create internal shell elements via METHOD = SIMPLE
[METHOD] METHOD =SIMPLE
[X1,Y1,Z1] Corner position of the oven wall in [m] (real).
[DX,DY,DZ] Vector extensions of the oven wall starting from X, Y, Z in the directions of
the global coordinate system in [m] (real). See figure next page.
Remark: One vector extension always has to be zero!

Create internal shell elements via METHOD = EXTEND
[METHOD] METHOD = EXTEND
[X1,Y1,Z1] 1
st
corner position of the oven wall in [m] (real).
[DX,DY,DZ] Extension vector [m] (real). See figure next page.
[X2,Y2,Z2] 2
nd
corner position of the oven wall in [m] (real).
Remarks:
- The temperatures of shell elements used as oven walls remain unresolved. The user
fixes the temperatures of radiation walls with the Keyword OVENSEC for each oven
sector.
- If temperatures of those shell elements remain undefined the linear ramp function of the
circulating air will be used by default.
- Convective boundary conditions will be ignored on shell elements used as radiation
walls.
102
Example 1:
OVENWALL 1 1000 0.9
External shell elements with the group ID 1000 are referenced as oven wall 1 with
emissivity 0.9.
Example 2:
OVENWALL 2 0.9
+ SIMPLE -1.0 0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0
Internal shell elements will be created by the solver and referenced as oven wall 2 with
emissivity 0.9.
Example 3:
OVENWALL 3 0.9
+ EXTEND -1.0 0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0 0.5 5.0
Internal shell elements will be created by the solver and referenced as oven wall 3 with
emissivity 0.9.

z
y
x
d
z
=

5
.
0
c = 0.9
Example 2:
METHOD=SIMPLE
z
y
x
c = 0.9
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
0
0
5
dz
dy
dx
0 . 0 z
5 . 0 y
1 x
1
1
1
=
=
=
0 . 0 z
5 . 0 y
1 x
1
1
1
=
=
=
0 . 5 z
5 . 0 y
1 x
2
2
2
=
=
=
Example 3:
METHOD=EXTEND
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

103
PBAR, PBEAM, PROD
Definition of material properties for a group of bar elements.
Old syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PBAR
PBEAM
PROD
GID AREA COND CP RHO

Warning:
- The old syntax is not supported by the new THESEUS-FE GUI (v4.x)
- Opening a tfe-file containing the old Keyword syntax in the new GUI will
automatically activate the THESEUS-FE Transformer
12
that creates a new tfe-file
ready to be read by the new GUI. The information stored in the old Keyword syntax
will be restored in new syntax together with Keyword MAT4.
- The old syntax is still supported by the new THESEUS-FE solver (v4.x) but will be
completely outdated with our next major release (v5)
New original NASTRAN Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PBAR
PBEAM
PROD
GID MID AREA
This syntax will be used if MAT-Keywords exist in model.
Property: Contents:
GID Group ID (integer > 0).
AREA Cross section area [m
2
] (real > 0).
COND Conductivity [W/(mK)] (real > 0).
CP Specific heat [J/(kgK)] (real > 0).
RHO Specific mass [kg/m
3
] (real > 0).
Related Keywords:
MAT4, CBAR, CBEAM, CROD

12
task = tfe-converter
104
PCOMP
References: Theory Manual Chapters 1.1.3, 1.1.9
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PCOMP GID NSM
+ MID1 THICKN1 THETA1 NONLIN1 MID2 THICKN2 THETA2 NONLIN2
+ MID3 THICKN3 THETA3 NONLIN3 ... ...
+ ...
Property: Contents:
GID Shell group ID (integer > 0).
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit area [kg/m
2
] (real 0 = default)
NSM will be ignored on manikins.
MIDi Layer i: material identification number (integer > 0).
THIKNi Layer i: thickness in [m] (real > 0).
[THETAi] Layer i: Offset angle for the local material coordinate system [deg] (real)
[NONLINi] Layer i:
if NONLIN=NO 2 temperature points over the layer thickness (default)
if NONLIN=YES 3 temperature points over the layer thickness
Related Keywords:
MAT4, MAT5, PCOMPG, SHELLTYP
1
m=1
m=4
m=3
m=2
n=2
n=3
n
T
3,1
(t)
positive side
of composite shell element
(in normal direction n)
negative side
2
temperature point
(deg.of freedom: T
m,n
)
n=1
layer 1
layer 2

105
PCOMPG
References: Theory Manual Chapters 1.1.3, 1.1.9
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6
PCOMPG GID
+ MID1 THICKN1 THETA1 NONLIN1
+ MID2 THICKN2 THETA2 NONLIN2
+ ...
Property: Contents:
MIDi Layer i: material identification number (integer > 0).
THIKNi Layer i: thickness in [m] (real > 0).
[THETAi] Layer i: Offset angle for the local material coordinate system [deg] (real)
[NONLINi] Layer i:
if NONLIN=NO 2 temperature points over the layer thickness (default)
if NONLIN=YES 3 temperature points over the layer thickness
Related Keywords:
MAT4, MAT5, PCOMP
106
POSTABA
The post-processor writes out node-wise temperature results to .aba-files which can be
read by the ABAQUS solver.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTABA [FLAG] NID_START NID_END FID_INIT
Property: Contents:
[FLAG] - FLAG="ALL" - all nodal temperatures are written out (default)
- FLAG="POS" - nodal temp. are written out for the positive side of shells
- FLAG="NEG" - nodal temp. are written out for the negative side of shells
- FLAG="LINEAR" - nodal temp. are written out for the pos. and neg. side
of shells
[NID_START] id of the first node added to the output (default: 1)
[NID_END] id of the last node added to the output (default: max. node id in model)
[FID_INIT] initial file id for .aba-files (default: 0)
Remarks:
- only node-based temperature results will be written out; this includes results for all
element types except PSHELL1 and PSHELLMF which have element-based results
- if more than one result value per node are output these are be ordered in thickness
direction from negative side to positive side (i.e. for "ALL" and "LINEAR")
- if set, only results for nodes in the id range [NID_START, NID_END] will be written
Related Keywords:
POSTFRQ

107
POSTDAT
This Keyword forces THESEUS-FE to write out some scalar temperature values at each
call of the post-processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/data)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
POSTDAT OBJECT ID SIDE REF1 REF2 WGHT1 WGHT2 OPT
Property: Contents:
OBJECT - OBJECT=VOLn, n=ID of the volume (integer > 0)
- OBJECT=AIRn, n=ID of the Airzone (integer > 0)
- OBJECT=SHELL, shell element (midpoint)
- OBJECT=SET, shell element set
- OBJECT=CONM2, single point mass capacity
- OBJECT=GRID, grid point
- OBJECT=DOF, degree-of-freedom
[ID] Object identification number (integer>0);
only for OBJECT=SHELL, SET, CONM2, GRID or DOF
only for OBJECT=SHELL or GRID.
[REF1] 1
st
reference temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a table (TABTIME).
[REF2] 2
nd
reference temperature in [C] as a
- value (real)
- reference to a table (TABTIME).
[WGHT1] Weighting function for the calculation of the global difference
(simulation-ref1) that will be written at the end of the rpt-file.
- value (real, default: 1)
[WGHT2] Weighting function for the calculation of the global difference
(simulation-ref2) that will be written at the end of the rpt-file.
[OPT] OPT=CSV Scalar temperature values will be written to a csv file.
Related Keywords:
MONITOR
108
POSTDOF
This Keyword forces THESEUS-FE to write out degree of freedom values (temperatures,
humidities) at each call of the post-processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder:
4_FieldResults/GridData).
From this data it is possible to create restart files (suffix .rst) with the THESEUS-FE
Transformer.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTDOF OPT
Property: Contents:
[OPT] If OPT=RESID residuals
13
will be written out.
In this case the output of degree of freedom values (temperatures,
humidities) will be suppressed.
Related Keywords:
POSTFRQ, POSTFE

13
absolute nodal heat flux residual vector: R=B-AT
109
POSTFE
This Keyword forces THESEUS-FE to write out shell element results (temperatures, heat
flux densities, ...) at each call of the post-processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder:
4_FieldResults/ElementData). Those results will be stored for the positive and negative
side of each shell element.
References: Appendix B: Element-wise field variables for post-processing
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTFE FLAG VAR1 VAR2 VAR3 VAR4 VAR5 VAR6 VAR7 VAR8
+ VAR9 VAR10
Property: Contents:
[FLAG] if FLAG=ALL then all available variables are written out
Remarks:
- For large finite element models with a huge number of shell elements (>10000) it makes
sense to decrease the number of field variables for post-processing. Otherwise very
large result files (suffix .hdf) might be created.
Example:
POSTFE ALL
All element-wise field variables will be written to the hdf-file for visualization of contour
plots.
POSTFE TEMPE CONVQ CONVC CONVT RADAB
Field variables that will be written are: TEMPE, CONVQ, CONVC, CONVT, RADAB.
For a detailed description of available field variables, see Appendix B.
110
POSTFRQ
Define the post-processor calls in time.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTFRQ DTPOST
Property: Contents:
DTPOST time between 2 post-processor calls defined as a
- value (real > 0)
- DTPOST=INTRVAL - variable time between 2 post-proc. calls
- DTPOST=END - post-proc. called at end of calculation
- DTPOST=STEP - post-proc. called at end of each converged step
- DTPOST=SEC - post-proc. called at end of each oven sector
- DTPOST=ITER - post-proc. called after each nonlinear iteration)
Remark:
If the Flowmaster link is activated by the Keyword FMFILE, the variable DTPOST accepts
only the state definition of value or INTRVAL (i.e. Keyword END, STEP and ITER
are not allowed).
Syntax for DTPOST="INTRVAL":
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTFRQ INTRVAL
+ IVMAX
1
IVFREQ
1
IVMULT
1

+ IVMAX
2
IVFREQ
2
IVMULT
2

... ... ... ...
+ IVMAX
n
IVFREQ
n
IVMULT
n

Property: Contents:
IVMAX
i
upper limit of the i
th
interval in [s],
values have to be in ascending (real > 0)
IVFREQ
i
post frequency for the i
th
interval in [s] (real > 0)
IVMULT
i
multiplier for IVFREQ in the i
th
interval (optional, default: 1)
determines the frequency at which data files, send files and the user
interface subroutine are used if their calling frequency is "POST"
(integer > 0, 0=no call)

111
Example:
POSTFRQ INTRVAL
+ 5.0 1.0
+ 20.0 5.0 0
+ 100.0 20.0 2
This means:
- between 0 and 5 seconds the post-processor is called every 1 second
data file, send file and user subroutine are used every 1 second
- between 5 and 20 seconds the post-processor is called every 5 seconds
data file, send file and user subroutine are not used in this interval
- between 20 and 100 seconds the post-processor is called every 20 seconds
data file, send file and user subroutine are used every 40 seconds
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, SENDFILE, USRINTRF

112
POSTGRP
The post-processor writes out group-wise shell element results at each call of the post-
processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/GROUPs).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTGRP
Remark:
In the .hdf-file datasets for positive and negative side of a shell group will be created..
Variable: Description:
T average group temperature in [C]
Energy thermal energy stored in shell elements
14
[J]
Q_cond inside conducted heat flux in [W]
Q_conv convection: heat flux in [W]
Q_sunab sun: absorbed heat flux in [W]
Q_suntr sun: transmitted heat flux in [W]
Q_sunrf sun: reflected heat flux in [W]
Q_radab long wave radiation: absorbed heat flux in [W]
Q_radrf long wave radiation: reflected heat flux in [W]
Q_evapo total evaporative heat loss in [W]
(only supported for the manikin skin)

14
Energy is only available for finite elements of SHELLTYP=PSHELL1.
113
POSTPAT
THESEUS-FE will write out ASCII formatted PATRAN files containing field results at each
call of the post-processor.
Those results will be stored for
- the positive side of each shell element (suffix .pat.pos)
- the negative side of each shell element (suffix .pat.neg)
- and temperatures per grid point at point 1 (suffix .pat.nid)

References: Appendix B: Element-wise field variables for post-processing
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
POSTPAT VAR1 VAR2 ... ... ... VAR6
+ OFFSET FLAG1 FLAG2 FLAG3 FLAG4
+ COMMENT1
+ COMMENT2
Property: Contents:
[VARn] Available variable names are listed in
Appendix B: Element-wise field variables for post-processing

If VAR1= or VAR1=ALL a predefined list of variables will be
assumed: TEMPE, SUNAB, SUNTR, RADAB, CONVQ, CONVT
[OFFSET] post time offset in [sec] (real, default: 0)
[FLAG1] FLAG1=TRUE time in HR:MIN:SEC (e.g. 19888s 05:31:28)
[FLAG2] FLAG2=TRUE write out an ascii file with a list of the element-wise field
result names stored with VARn (suffix .bnc)
[FLAG3] FLAG3=TRUE write out a NASTRAN file containing the finite element
mesh (suffix .bdf)
[FLAG4] FLAG4=TRUE write out temperatures per grid point at point 1
[COMMENT1] String to be written to element-wise patran result files
[COMMENT2] String to be written to element-wise patran result files

114
Examples:
POSTPAT
Default case, the following element-wise variables will be written to PATRAN files:
- TEMPE (temperatures),
- SUNAB (absorbed solar heat flux densities),
- SUNTR (transmitted solar heat flux densities),
- RADAB (absorbed long wave radiation heat flux densities),
- CONVQ (convective heat flux densities),
- CONVT (convective fluid temperature).
POSTPAT TEMPE CONVQ RADAB
Only 3 different variables will be written out.
115
POSTSET
The post-processor writes out set-wise shell element results at each call of the post-
processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 5_ScalarResults/SETs).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
POSTSET
Remark:
In the .hdf-file datasets for positive and negative side of a shell set will be created..
Variable: Description:
T average group temperature
Q_cond inside conducted heat flux in [W]
Q_conv convection: heat flux in [W]
Q_sunab sun: absorbed heat flux in [W]
Q_suntr sun: transmitted heat flux in [W]
Q_sunrf sun: reflected heat flux in [W]
Q_radab long wave radiation: absorbed heat flux in [W]
Q_radrf long wave radiation: reflected heat flux in [W]
Related Keywords:
SET1
116
POSTVF
This Keyword forces THESEUS-FE to write out shell element view factors at each call of
the post-processor to the result file (suffix .hdf, folder: 4_FieldResults/ElementData).
Those results will be stored for the positive and negative side of each shell element.
References: Appendix B
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
POSTVF EID SIDE POST_VAR
Property: Contents:
[EID] - shell element ID
view factors related to this EID will be written as field results to the hdf file
for a later visualization during post-processing (default: 0)
view factors written to hdf file will be related to the positive or negative
side of EID
[POST_VAR] two different field variables can be chosen
- VAR=VFSTD - dimensionless standard view factor (default)
- VAR=VFSYM - symmetric view factor in [m
2
]
Remarks:
- The usage of this Keyword without any optional parameters (EID, ...) writes out the
element-wise view factor sum (field variable: VFSUM)
- The additional definition of EID writes out view factors related to certain shell
elements ids.
Related Keywords:
CAVITY, VFREAD
117
PRAD
Definition of dimensionless radiation surface properties for shell elements.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.3.1 and Theory Manual Appendix C
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PRAD REF SIDE EMIS ABSORB DIR_TRM0 INDEX DIF_TRM
Property: Contents:
e.g. REF=10 bound. cond. for shell element group id. 10
SIDE SIDE=POS surface properties for positive side of shell elements
SIDE=NEG for negative side
SIDE=BOTH for negative & positive side
EMIS long wave radiation : emissivity (0 real 1)
[ABSORB] solar: absorbance as a
- value (0 real 1)
- reference to a map (TABMAPF)
The solver will convert this map into a TABANGL that will be written to
rpt-file and that will be used during the thermal solution process.
[DIR_TRM0] solar: direct transmittance (at normal incidence)
- value (0 real 1, default: 0)
- reference to a map (TABMAPF)
The solver will convert this map into a TABANGL that will be written to
rpt-file and that will be used during the thermal solution process.
[INDEX] solar: refraction index of the transparent material (real > 1)
default: 1.52
[DIF_TRM] solar: diffuse transmittance
(0 real 1, default: effective incidence angles will be considered for
transparent materials with given refractive index n>1)
Related Keywords:
TABANGL, TABMAPF, DEFSUN, CAVITY
Remarks:
Long wave radiation (surface-to-surface radiation between shells):
- Emissivity is an essential user input.
118
- Kirchhoffs law holds: absorbance = emissivity.
- Long wave reflectance = 1 - absorbance
- Long wave transmitting materials not supported.
Solar radiation: opaque materials (DIR_TM0=0)
- Absorbance is an essential user input for opaque materials (DIR_TRM0=0) .
If it remains undefined: ABSORB = EMIS by default.
Solar radiation: Transparent materials (DIR_TRM0>0)
- If DIR_TRM0 is a tabular function TAB then ABSORB should be a tabular
function, too.
- INDEX=1 a refractive index for the transparent material will not be used to derive
absorbance/transmittance as functions of the angle of incidence. Then ABSORB
and DR_TRM0 will be used as constant values.
- INDEX>1 refraction for the single layered glass will be considered. Absorbance
and transmittance will be treated as functions of the angle of incidence. The user-
defined absorbance will be ignored for direct sun radiation.
For a better understanding of the usage of short wave (solar) radiation surface properties
the following diagram helps.

1
direct absorbance will be automatically reduced for direct short wave radiation with angles of incidence >60
2
the user might define individual constant values for the diffuse transmittance with DIF_TRM
transmitting material:
DIR_TRM0 = 0
Direct transmittance and absorb.
are user-defined functions of the angle
of incidence. (ABSORB = "TAB...")
Direct transmittance and absorb.
require constant values for
DIR_TRM0 and ABSORB
1
.
DIR_TRM0 = "TAB..."
Direct transmittance and absorbance
are functions of the angle of incidence
as derived from the single layer theory.
DIR_TRM0 is the transmitt. at normal incid.
ABSORB becomes redundant!
diffuse absorbance = ABSORB
diff. transmittance
2
= DIR_TRM0
Transmittance
2
and absorbance of diffuse short wave radiation from sky/ground are
functions of an effective incid. angle
eff
that depends on the element incl. angle |.
Transmittance
2
and absorbance of diffuse reflected short wave radiation is
related to an effective incidence: =60
d
i
r
e
c
t

r
a
d
.
d
i
f
f
u
s
e

r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m

f
r
o
m

r
e
f
l
e
c
t
.

s
k
y
/
g
r
n
d
DIR_TRM0 = "TAB..."
Direct and diffuse absorbance
requires constant values for ABSORB
1
opaque material:
DIR_TRM0 = 0
refraction INDEX >1: refraction INDEX =1:

119
For short wave radiation the reflectance can be derived from the energy balance
equation: = 1 - t - o
For the following 3 cases
- direct solar radiation hitting a shell element surface
- diffuse solar radiation from sky/ground hitting a shell ...
- reflected diffuse solar radiation hitting a shell ...
THESEUS-FE uses individual values for transmittance t and absorbance o to derive the
reflected energy portion for each of the 3 cases.
Example 1:
$ gid side emis absorb dir_trm0 index dif_trm
PRAD 1 POS 0.8
Long wave radiation emissivity c = 0.8 (= long wave absorbance)
Solar short wave radiation:
- opaque surface!
- direct rad. absorbance for an angle of incidence 60: o = 0.8
- direct rad. absorbance for an angle of incidence > 60: o = 0.8*4cos*(1-cos)
- diffusive rad. absorbance for an effective angle of incidence = 60: o=0.8
Example 2:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.6
- opaque surface!
Example 3:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.5 1.52
- transmitting surface!
- the single layer theory holds, see Theory Man., Chap.1.3.1 & Appendix C
- direct rad. transmittance at normal incidence = 0: t = 0.5
- direct rad. transmittance at arbitrary angle of incid. : t = t(), see Theory Man., Fig.1-32
- diffusive rad. transm. at effective angle of incid.: t = t(=60) = 0.39

120
Example 3a:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.5 1.52 0.3
- the single layer theory holds, see Theory Man., Chap.1.3.1 & Appendix C
- direct rad. transmittance at arbitrary angle of incid. : t = t(), see Theory Man., Fig.1-32
- diffusive rad. transm. at effective angle of incid.: t = 0.3
- direct rad. absorbance at arbitrary angle of incid. : o = o(), see Theory Man., Fig.1-32
- diffusive rad. absorbance at effective angle of incid.: o = o(=60) = 0.50
Example 3b:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.5
Transmitting surface with the same physical behaviour as for Example 3.
The refraction index will be automatically replaced by default settings: INDEX=1.52.
Example 3c:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.52
Transmitting surface with the same physical behaviour as for Example 3.
The absorbance 0.4 will be ignored.
Example 4:
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.4 0.5 1
- INDEX=1 the single layer theory switched off!
- direct and diffusive rad. transmittance at arbitrary angle of incid. : t = 0.5 (const.)

121
Example 5:
PRAD 1 POS 0.4 0.5 1
- INDEX=1 the single layer theory switched off!
- direct and diffusive rad. transmittance at arbitrary angle of incid. : t = 0.5 (const.)
Example 6:
$ phi transm reflec absorb
TABANGL 1
+ 0 0.5 0.054 0.446
+ 10 0.498 0.054 0.448
+ 20 0.492 0.054 0.454
+ 30 0.481 0.055 0.464
+ 40 0.464 0.06 0.476
+ 50 0.438 0.074 0.489
+ 60 0.394 0.11 0.496
+ 70 0.317 0.2 0.483
+ 80 0.173 0.421 0.406
+ 90 0.0 1.0 0.0
$
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 TAB1_4 TAB1_2
- user-defined angle-dependent functions for absorbance and transmittance
- direct rad. transmittance at arbitrary angle of incid. : t = t(), see TABANGL
- diffusive rad. transm. at effective angle of incid.: t = t(=60) = 0.394
- direct rad. absorbance at arbitrary angle of incid. : o = o(), see TABANGL
- diffusive rad. absorbance at effective angle of incid.: o = o(=60) = 0.496
The TABANGL above creates the same physical behaviour as for Example 3.
122
PSHELL
Thickness and material definitions for a group of single-layer shell elements, only
applicable for linear temperature distributions (along the shell thickness) and isotropic
materials.
References: Theory Manual Chapters 1.1.3
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PSHELL GID MID THICKN NSM
Property: Contents:
THICKN Shell thickness in [m] (real > 0)
(exception: shells of SHELLTYP=PSHELL0 always have THICKN=0)
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit area [kg/m
2
] (real 0 = default)
NSM will be ignored on manikins.
Related Keywords:
MAT4, PSHELL0, SHELLTYP

1
m=1
m=4
m=3
m=2
n=1
n=2
n
T
3,1
(t)
positive side
of shell element
(in normal direction n)
negative side
2
temperature point
(deg.of freedom: T
m,n
)

Shell element with DISC=2, with a linear temperature distribution over the shell thickness.
The THESEUS-FE Oven Module uses DISC=1, by default.

123
PSHELL0
Elements of this type are so-called dummy shells.
They do not conduct heat. The temperature is fixed.

Warning:
- This Keyword is not supported by the new THESEUS-FE GUI (v4.x)
- Opening a tfe-file containing this Keyword in the new GUI will automatically activate
the THESEUS-FE Transformer
15
that creates a new tfe-file ready to be read by the
new GUI. The information stored in the old Keyword PSHELL0 will be restored in 3
new Keywords PSHELL and SHELLTYP.
- This Keyword is still supported by the new THESEUS-FE solver (v4.x) but will be
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PSHELL0 GID
Property: Contents:
Remarks:
- shell elements of this type do not generate any degrees of freedom
- just like other shell types (e.g. PSHELL1), they can be used with BC-VFCAV for
modelling radiation cavities
- just like other shell types (e.g. PSHELL1), they can be coupled with volumes or
Airzones via convective boundary conditions
- temperatures are fixed with temperature boundary conditions BC-TEMP (otherwise
the initial temperature is fixed)
Related Keywords:
BC-TEMP, TINITFE, PSHELL, SHELLTYP-PSHELL0

15
124
PSHELL1
Those elements use a 1-dimensional temperature approach in the thickness direction of
each layer.

Warning:
16
new Keywords PCOMP, MAT4 and SHELLTYP.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PSHELL1 GID LNAME1 DISC1 L_THKN1 COND1 CP1 RHO1 HEAT1 TEMP1
+ LNAME2 DISC2 L_THKN2 COND2 CP2 RHO2 HEAT2 TEMP2
+
Property: Contents:
LNAME material layer name (char*8, arbitrary)
DISC number of discretization points:
temperature points over the layer thickness (2 integer 6)
L_THKN layer thickness in [m] (real > 0)
COND conductivity in [W/(m K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
CP specific heat [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)

16
125
RHO specific mass [kg/m
3
] as a
- value (real > 0)
[HEAT] inner heat source [W/m
3
] as a
- value (real)
[TEMP] fixed temperature in [C] in the layer as a
- value (real)
Remarks:
The temperature field of PSHELL1 elements is not coupled with adjacent FEs:
- i.e. such a FE is treated as an independent thermodynamical system.
- heat conduction to adjacent FEs does not take place
- contact definitions are not supported
- approaches for the temperature variations in the shell midplane do not exist
- compared to PSHELL3, these elements need less memory and computing time
Related Keywords:
TABTEMP, TABTIME, TENSOR, PCOMP, MAT4, SHELLTYP-PSHELL1
126
PSHELL3
Those elements use 3-dimensional temperature approaches in each layer.

Warning:
17
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PSHELL3 GID LNAME1 DISC1 L_THKN1 COND1 CP1 RHO1 HEAT1 TEMP1
+ LNAME2 DISC2 L_THKN2 COND2 CP2 RHO2 HEAT2 TEMP2
+
Property: Contents:
LNAME material layer name (char*8, arbitrary)
DISC number of discretization points:
temperature points over the layer thickness (2 integer 6)
COND conductivity in [W/(m K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a tensor (TENSOR)
CP specific heat in [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)

17
127
RHO specific mass in [kg/m
3
] as a
- value (real > 0)
[HEAT] inner heat source in [W/m
3
] as a
- value (real)
[TEMP] fixed temperature in [C] in the layer as a
- value (real)
Examples:
$ GID lay.name disc.pnts lay.thickn. conduct.
sp.
heat
sp.
mass

PSHELL3 5 lay1-pvc 3 0.003 0.5 960. 1100.
+ lay2-alu 3 0.001 238. 945. 2700.
+ lay3-sta 3 0.003 50. 500. 8000.
Composite with three layers.
$ TEMP conduct.
sp.
heat
sp.
mass

TABTEMP 1
+ 20.0 0.5 960. 1100.
+ 100. 0.4 970. 1000.
+ 200. 0.3 980. 950.
$
PSHELL3 5 lay1-pvc 3 0.003 TAB1_2 TAB1_3 TAB1_4
Plastics with temperature dependent material properties.
Remarks:
- layers are listed from the negative to the positive side of the shell element (in the
direction of the normal vector)
- arbitrary numbers of layers can be defined per shell group
- temperature approaches in the FE plane are bilinear
- number of temperature/discretization points defines the temperature approach in
the FE thickness direction (e.g. DISC=2 linear approach, DISC=3 quadratic)
Related Keywords:
TABTEMP, TABTIME, TENSOR, PCOMP, MAT4, SHELLTYP-PSHELL3
128
PSHELL3 AIRLAYER/VACLAYER
Definition of air or vacuum layers inside a composite shell.
Warning:
18

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PSHELL3 GID
+
AIRLAYER
VACLAYER
DISC L_THKN EMIS1 EMIS2 HTC
+
Property: Contents:
DISC always use DISC=2
[HTC] for AIRLAYER: convective heat transfer coefficient in [W/(m
2
K)] (real > 0)
if HTC=0 the conductivity of air will be considered here
Examples:
$ GID lay.name disc.pnts lay.thickn.
conduct.
emis1
sp. heat
emis2
sp. mass

PSHELL3 5 alu 3 0.001 238. 945. 2700.
+ VACLAYER 2 0.002 0.9 0.9
+ alu 3 0.001 238. 945. 2700.
Vacuum layer bounded with two aluminium shells, each with 0.9 emissivity.

18
129
PSHELL3 5 alu 3 0.001 238. 945. 2700.
+ AIRLAYER 2 0.002 0.9 0.9 3.5
+ alu 3 0.001 238. 945. 2700.
Air layer bounded with two aluminium shells, each with 0.9 emissivity. The convective heat
transfer coefficient at the inner aluminium surfaces is 3.5 W/m
2
K.
Remark:
- do not use AIRLAYER or VACLAYER as 1
st
or last layer in a composite shell
Related Keywords:
PCOMP, MAT4- AIRLAYER/VACLAYER, SHELLTYP-PSHELL3

130
PSHELLMF
This Keyword assigns a group of shell elements to a body element sector of a manikin
FIALA-FE.

Warning:
19
new GUI. The information stored in the old Keyword PSHELLMF will be restored in
3 new Keywords PSHELL and SHELLTYP.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PSHELLMF GID MANID BE_ID SEC_ID
Property: Contents:
BE_ID body element ID (integer > 0)
SEC_ID sector ID (integer > 0)
Remarks:
- Boundary conditions for the negative side: not permitted
- Possible combinations of boundary conditions for the positive side:
1. contact (e.g. with the seat)
2. long wave radiation within a cavity + convective heat transfer with an Airzone
(evaporative heat exchange with the Airzone will be generated automatically)
3. long wave radiation within a cavity + convective heat transfer without Airzone
(evaporative heat exchange should be generated with BC-EVAPO)
- Solar heat load can be defined additionally for the positive side with: BC-SUN
Related Keywords:
MANIKIN FIALA-FE, MANFBEL, MANFSEC, CONTACT, BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-
FIALA, BC-VFCAV, BC-SUN, PSHELL and SHELLTYP

19
131
PSOLID
Definition of isotropic material properties for a group of solid elements.

Old syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PSOLID GID COND CP RHO

Warning:
- The old syntax is not supported by the new THESEUS-FE GUI (v4.x)
- Opening a tfe-file containing the old Keyword syntax in the new GUI will
automatically activate the THESEUS-FE Transformer
20
that creates a new tfe-file
ready to be read by the new GUI. The information stored in the old Keyword syntax
will be restored in new syntax together with Keyword MAT4.
- The old syntax is still supported by the new THESEUS-FE solver (v4.x) but will be
New original NASTRAN Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PSOLID GID MID
This syntax will be used if MAT-Keywords exist in model.
Property: Contents:
COND conductivity [W/(m K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
CP specific heat [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
RHO specific mass [kg/m
3
] as a
- value (real > 0)
Related Keywords:
MAT4, CTETRA, CPENTA, CHEXA

20
132
RBAR
Constraint that creates one master-slave coupling between two grid points.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RBAR EID MA SL DOF
Property: Contents:
ID RBE2 ID (integer > 0)
MA master grid point ID (integer > 0)
[DOF] temperature point IDs to be coupled
e.g. DOF=123 couples temperature points 1,2,3 (default: DOF=1)
Remark:
- Use the Keyword DEFRBE to change the default settings (DOF=1).
Examples:
1 2 3 4 5 6
RBAR 1 200 301 123
Couples the temperature points 1-3 of master grid point 200 with those of slave grid point
301:
ma
3 , 200
sl
3 , 301
ma
2 , 200
sl
2 , 301
ma
1 , 200
sl
1 , 301
T T , T T , T T = = =
Related Keywords:
DEFRBE

133
RBE2
Multi-point-constraint that creates master-slave couplings between one master grid point
and a various number of slave grid points.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RBE2 ID MA DOF SL1 SL2 SL3 SL4 SL5
+ SL6 SL7
Property: Contents:
MA master grid point ID (integer > 0)
SLn slave grid point IDs (integer > 0)
Remark:
Examples:
1 2 3 4 5 6
RBE2 1 200 123 301 302
Couples the temperature points 1-3 of master grid point 200 with those of slave grid points
301 and 302:
ma
3 , 200
sl
3 , 302
ma
2 , 200
sl
2 , 302
ma
1 , 200
sl
1 , 302
ma
3 , 200
sl
3 , 301
ma
2 , 200
sl
2 , 301
ma
1 , 200
sl
1 , 301
T T , T T , T T
T T , T T , T T
= = =
= = =

Related Keywords:
DEFRBE

134
RBE3
Multi-point-constraint that creates master-slave couplings between one slave grid point
and a various number of master grid points with user-defined weighting factors.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RBE3 ID SL DOF W1 MA1_1 MA1_2
+ MA1_3 -etc.- W2 MA2_1 MA2_2 -etc.-
Property: Contents:
Wn weighting factor of the following master grid points (real > 0)
MAn_m master grid point ID (integer > 0)
Remark:
- The weighting factor sum should be =1, otherwise the solver will normalize
weighting factors.
Example:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
RBE3 1 100 123 0.1 201 202
+ 0.2 301 302 303 304
Couples the temperature point 1-3 of slave grid point 100 with master grid points 201, 202,
301, 302, 303 and 304.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
ma
3 , 304
ma
3 , 303
ma
3 , 302
ma
3 , 301
ma
3 , 202
ma
3 , 201
sl
3 , 100
ma
2 , 304
ma
2 , 303
ma
2 , 302
ma
2 , 301
ma
2 , 202
ma
2 , 201
sl
2 , 100
ma
1 , 304
ma
1 , 303
ma
1 , 302
ma
1 , 301
ma
1 , 202
ma
1 , 201
sl
1 , 100
T T T T 2 . 0 T T 1 . 0 T
T T T T 2 . 0 T T 1 . 0 T
T T T T 2 . 0 T T 1 . 0 T
+ + + + + =
+ + + + + =
+ + + + + =

Related Keywords:
DEFRBE
135
REDINTEG
Reduced integration technique will be used to applied boundary conditions on shell
elements of the type PSHELL3.
If this Keyword is missing, then full integration is used by default.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
REDINTEG
Remarks:
- The use of this card makes sense in combination with the User-Subroutine
USER_CONVEC. In that case it is avoided that the User-Subroutine is called for
each integration point (4 for CQUAD4, 3 for CTRIA3) which can require a lot of
computing time.
- Memory requirements can be reduced by using this card. In most cases: the quality
of the results is only slightly reduced!

full integration
(with 4 points)
reduced integration full integration
(with 4 points)
reduced integration

136
RESTREAD
Restart analysis, reading initial temperatures from a restart file (suffix .rst).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RESTREAD APHDF NOERR
+ FNAME
+ HDFNAME
Property: Contents:
[APHDF] switch to enable appending to an existing HDF result file; possible values
are: NO (default) and YES
[NOERR] if setting this field to YES no error message will be issued if the input
restart file name is equal to the name of the output restart file
(default: NO)
FNAME name of restart file
[HDFNAME] optional: name of existing THESEUS-FE result file for APHDF=YES
(default: job name + .hdf)
Remarks:
- The name of the input restart file has to be different from the job name; if you want
to avoid manual renaming of the restart file, supply a convenient file name in
keyword RESTWR in the preceding simulation
Related Keywords:
RESTTM, RESTWR
137
RESTTM
Restart time management.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RESTTM OPT
Property: Contents:
OPT - OPT=ZERO - the analysis time starts with t
a
= 0 sec in the restart
analysis (default)
- OPT=SHIFT - analysis time start with t
a
= t
tot
in the restart analysis
Related Keywords:
RESTREAD, RESTWR
Remarks:
There are two different time scales in a THESEUS-FE simulation:
- total time: used for results written to the result file (suffix .hdf)
- analysis time: used for interpolation in time tables (TABTIME); given to User-
Subroutines; used for convergence information written to .rpt-file or screen
- In a non-restart analysis there is no difference between the two time scales.
- Both time scales will be written to the dataset 7_Convergence in the result file
(suffix .hdf).
You find a visualization of the two time scales on the next page...
138
At the very beginning of a standard restart analysis the time t
res,in
will be read from file (.rst)
The analysis time always starts with t
a
= 0.
Results written to hdf file refer to t
tot
= t
a
+ t
res,in
If a restart file will be created at end of analysis: t
res,out
= t
tot
= t
a
+ t
res,in
0
total
time t
tot
initial analysis 1st restart analysis 2nd restart
analysis
analysis time t
a0
analysis time t
a1
analysis time t
a2
0
0
0
t
res
At the very beginning of such a restart analysis the time t
res,in
a
= t
res,in
tot
= t
a
res,out
= t
tot
= t
a
OPT=ZERO
OPT=SHIFT
total
time t
tot
analysis
analysis time t
a0
analysis time t
a1
analysis time t
a2
0
0
0
0
t
res
At the very beginning of a standard restart analysis the time t
res,in
a
= 0.
tot
= t
a
+ t
res,in
res,out
= t
tot
= t
a
+ t
res,in
0
total
time t
tot
analysis
analysis time t
a0
analysis time t
a1
analysis time t
a2
0
0
0
t
res
At the very beginning of such a restart analysis the time t
res,in
a
= t
res,in
tot
= t
a
res,out
= t
tot
= t
a
OPT=ZERO
OPT=SHIFT
total
time t
tot
analysis
analysis time t
a0
analysis time t
a1
analysis time t
a2
0
0
0
0
t
res

139
RESTWR
For possible (later) restart analysis the temperatures of all degrees of freedom (from
shells, solids, volumes, Airzones, manikins) are written in a binary restart file (suffix .rst).
This file will be updated after each converged time step during a transient solution and
after each non-linear iteration during a steady state solution.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RESTWR
+ FNAME
Property: Contents:
FNAME name of restart file
Attention:
Since all degrees of freedom are saved in the restart file, the number of DOF
21
in the
thermal analysis should not be changed before reading in the restart file.
That means:
- do not change the number of shells, solids, volumes or Airzones
- do no change the number of temperature/discretization points in the PSHELL
definitions
- do not change of shell element types (e.g. PSHELL3 PSHELL1)
However it is possible to write out a restart file without manikins, and read in the .rst-file in
a later analysis with manikins. The temperatures on the manikins will be initialized as
defined with the Keyword TINITFE or with default settings.
Related Keywords:
TINITFE

21
DOF = degree of freedom
140
SCALE
Scale geometric model.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SCALE FACTOR OFF_X OFF_Y OFF_Z
Property: Contents:
[FACTOR] Scale factor (real > 0, default: 1) for elements to be read from include file.
e.g. use the scale factor 0.001 to read in NASTRAN elements originally
defined in millimeters:
- GRID cooordinates will be multiplied with 0.001 m/mm
- PSHELL thickness will be multiplied with 0.001 m/mm
- PBAR area will be multiplied with 10
-6
m
2
/mm
2

[OFF_X]
[OFF_Y]
[OFF_Z]
Offset in [m] (real, default: 0) for finite elements to be read from an include
file.
- This offset will be applied to GRID coordinates.
Example:
SCALE 0.001 0.895
The finite element mesh defined in millimeters will now be transformed to meters.
Transformation rule applied to GRID coordinates:
x = x*0.001 ; y = y*0.001 ; z = z*0.001+ 0.895.
Related Keywords:
GRID, PSHELL, PBAR, INCLUDE
141
SENDFILE
Send element-wise field results to ASCII files.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
SENDFILE CALL VAR FACTOR OFFSET COMM FORMAT MAPFID FLAG REF
+ NAME
Property: Contents:
CALL CALL=STEPn file will be updated after each (n = 1) converged
time step, or after a user defined number of time steps (e.g. n = 5).
CALL= POST file will be updated after each post-processor call;
for POSTFRQ=INTRVAL the multiplier in the interval table will be
used to determine the update times.
CALL=END the file will be updated at the end of solution.
VAR variable: use field result Keywords as defined in Appendix B
[FACTOR]

[OFFSET]
variables send to file will be transformed with the following function
(default: 1)
X = X * FACTOR + OFFSET (default: 0)
[COMM] COMM=YES file will always start with 8 comment lines (see example
below) (default)
COMM=NO the comment lines will be omitted
[FORMAT] File format of the result file (default: CSV)
Currently supported formats:
CSV: character spaced values format (format: ID, res
1
, res
2
, , res
m
)
[MAPFID] optional: map file ID as given in a MAPFILE line (integer > 0, default: 0)
[FLAG] FLAG=REPLACE: the given file name is used at each post time the
existing file will be constantly overwritten (default)
FLAG=NUMBER: the file names will be numbered starting at 000
[REF] element group/set selection (only allowed, if no map file is used)
e.g. REF=ALL results for all shell elements (default)
e.g. REF=10 results for shell elements of group 10 only
e.g. REF=S5 results for shell elements of set 5 only
NAME ascii file name (char*255)

142

$ CSV result file
$ created by: THESEUS-FE
$ 2009-01-01, 12:00
$
$ variable: TEMPE
$ time: 1.0
$
$ EID , POS.SIDE , NEG.SIDE
1754, 33.824, 34.457
1756, 33.666, 34.238
1757, 33.534, 34.239
1759, 32.504, 32.663

Example:
SENDFILE STEP4 TEMPE
+ temperatures.csv
Element wise temperatures for both sides of all shell elements will be written to the file
temperatures.csv permanently after 4 converged time steps.
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, MAPFILE, POSTFRQ, USRINTRF
t
file update
file update
start
1. step
2. step
t
file update
file update
start
1. step
2. step
143
SET1
Defines a set of shell element IDs.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SET1 SID EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6 EID7
+ EID8 ...
+ ...
Property: Contents:
SID Set ID (integer > 0).
EIDn Shell element IDs (integer > 0).
Related Keywords:
CTRIA3, CQUAD4, BC, PRAD, CONTACT
144
SHELLTYP
Defines the conduction type of a shell group defined as PSHELL or PCOMP.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SHELLTYP TYPE GID
Property: Contents:
TYPE Shell conduction type...
- TYPE=PSHELL0 neglects heat conduction for shells.
- TYPE=PSHELL1 applies 1D heat conduction for shells.
- TYPE=PSHELL3 applies 3D heat conduction for shells (default).
- TYPE=PSHELLMF couples shell group with a sector of manikin FIALA-
FE
[MANID] manikin ID (integer > 0), only available for TYPE=PSHELLMF
[BE_ID] body element ID (integer > 0), only available for TYPE=PSHELLMF
[SEC_ID] sector ID (integer > 0), only available for TYPE=PSHELLMF
Remark:
The solver supports not all kinds of boundary conditions for all types of shells. The table
beneath shows illegal combinations...
BC-C
BC-
EVAPO BC-FC/MFC
BC-
FIALA
BC-
HEAT
BC-
RAD
BC-
SUN
BC-
TEMP
BC-
VFCAV CONTACT
PSHELLMF OK OK
solver
changes to
BC-FIALA OK illegal illegal OK illegal OK OK
PSHELL0 OK illegal OK illegal OK OK OK OK OK illegal
PSHELL1 OK illegal OK illegal OK OK OK OK OK illegal
PSHELL3 OK illegal OK illegal OK OK OK OK OK OK

Related Keywords:
PCOMP, PSHELL, PSHELL0, PSHELL1, PSHELL3, PSHELLMF, BC, CONTACT

145
SOL
Numerical solver settings.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SOL STYPE TTYP DT0 TEND ADPTOL MXDT SSCOND CRIT1 MINITR
+ MAXITR MAXSTP RELAX1 PRED DIVISOR CRIT2 MINDT DIVGITR MINQ
+ OPT1 TSTART RELAX2 CBP1 CBP2 CBP3 OPT2
Property: Contents:
[STYPE] solver type
- TRANS, standard transient implicit solver (default)
- TRANS+, accelerated transient solver for nonlinear models with
modified default setting (see table beneath)
- STEADY, standard steady state implicit solver
- STEADY+, accelerated steady state solver for strongly nonlinear models
with modified default setting (see table beneath)
- SUN, only solar heat fluxes are computed (no temperatures solved!)
- POSTOUT, the computation stops after the initial conditions output
[TTYP] time step type for transient solver
- FIXED, fixed time steps during the whole solution = init. time step
- ADAPTIV, adaptive time stepping, starts with DT0 (default)
Time step calculation is based on maximum differences between
temperature prediction and correction.
- ADAPTIV2, adaptive time stepping, starts with DT0
Time step calculation is based on root mean square differences
between temperature prediction and correction.
[DT0] initial time step in [s] for transient & stead state solver (real > 1E-7)
- for transient solver (default: 0.1)
- for steady state solver (default: 1.0)
DT0<1.0: e.g. DT0=0.1 the solver starts with 10% load in the 1
st
time
step and rises the load in several time steps up to 100% at t=1.0
The load-ramping-technique deals with strongly non-linear problems.
TEND ending time in [s]
- for the transient solver (real > DT0)
- for the sun solver (real > 0)
- for the steady state solver: TEND=1.0 (default)
[ADPTOL] adaptive tolerance in [C] for transient solver with TTYP=ADAPTIV...
tolerance for max. abs. temperature error in time
(real > 0, default: 0.5C)
146
[MXDT] maximum time step in [s] for transient solver with TTYP=ADAPTIV...
(real > DT0, default: 60s)
[SSCOND] steady state condition in [C/s] for transient solver:
if the max. abs. temperature change per unit time remains under this limit
the computation will be terminated (real > 0, default: 0), usefull value: 1/60
[CRIT1] maximum relative energy residual
1
st
convergence crit. that leads to a termination of the nonlinear iterations
(real > 1E-7, default: 0.01)
[MINITR] minimum numbers of nonlinear iterations
(integer > 0, default: 1)
[MAXITR] maximum numbers of nonlinear iterations
(integer > MINITR, default: 50 for the steady state, 20 for transient solver
with TTYP=ADAPTIV... and 100 for TTYP=FIXED)
[MAXSTP] maximum number of time steps for transient solver
[RELAX1] temperature relaxation parameter for the nonlinear iterations
RELAX1=0 stands for no relaxation.
(0 real < 0.99, default: 0 in a transient analysis, default: 0.5 in a steady
state analysis)
[PRED] order of explicit predicting temperatures for the next time step
- PRED=0O, temperatures of the actual time step are used
- PRED=1O, linear taylor series (default for transient solver)
- PRED=2O, quadratic taylor series (default for steady st. solver)
[DIVISOR] divisor for the linear iteration convergence criterion
maximum relative energy residual: CRIT3 = CRIT1/DIVISOR
that leads to a termination of the linear iteration solver
(real 10, default: 1000 for STYPE=TRANS and STEADY, default: 20 for
STYPE=TRANS+ and STEADY+)
[CRIT2] maximum temperature correction in [C]
2
nd
convergence crit. that leads to a termination of the nonlinear iterations
(real > 1E-7, default: 0.1)
[MINDT] minimum time step in [s] only for TTYP=ADAPTIV:
(0 < real < DT0, default: 1E-7)
[DIVGITR] number of nonlinear iterations to check 1
st
for divergence
For some strongly nonlinear steady state problems it makes sense to use
higher values for DIVGITR to ignore rising residuals during the initial
nonlinear iterations.
147
[MINQ] minimum average heat flux density in [W/m
2
]
(real > 0.1, default: MINQ = 100W/m
2
)
lower bound of the average nodal heat flux:
FE
A
~
MINQ q
~
=
FE
A
~
is the average shell element area of the model

THESEUS-FE needs the average nodal heat flux to calculate the relative
energy residual., see chap. 1.6, Theory Manual.
[OPT1] OPT1=EXPLICIT leads to a explicit simulation technique that accepts
temperature results after MINITR nonlinear iterations.
- Warning: all convergence criteria will be ignored.
- This technique guaranties stable results only for linear problems!
[TSTART] starting time in [s]
- only for the transient solver (real < TEND, default: 0)
- not available in a restart analysis.
[RELAX2] radiation heat flux relaxation parameter for the nonlinear iterations
RELAX2=0 stands for no relaxation.
(0 real < 0.99, default: 0 for STYPE=STEADY and TRANS(+), default:
0.5 for STYPE=STEADY)
[CBP1] 1
st
cut back parameter only for TTYP=ADAPTIV...
new time step dt
new
can not be greater than dt
opt
*CBP1
(real > 1, default: 2)
[CBP2] 2
nd
in case of slow convergence (MAXITR exceeded) a so called cut back
will re-calculate temperatures within a reduced time step: dt=dt*CBP2
(0 < real < 1, default: 0.5)
[CBP3]

[OPT2]
3
rd
in case of divergence (rising residuum) a so called cut back will re-
calculate temperatures within a reduced time step: dt=dt*CBP3
(0 < real < 1, default: 0.25)

OPT2=RELATIVE replaces the
maximum relative energy residual CRIT3 = CRT1/DIVISOR
that leads to a termination of the linear iteration solver
by CRIT3 = R/DIVISOR where R is the maximum relative energy residual
of the last nonlinear iteration.

148

Default settings for different solvers:
STYPE STEADY STEADY+
Creates fast solutions
for strongly nonlin.
problems.
TRANS TRANS+
Creates fast solutions
for nonlin. transient
problems.
TTYPE - ADAPTIV
DT0 1.0 0.1s
TEND 1.0 -
ADPTOL - 0.5C
Only for TTYP=ADAPTIV
MXDT - 60s
Only for TTYP=ADAPTIV
SSCOND - 0
CRIT1 0.01
MINITR 1
MAXITR 50 20 for TTYP=ADAPTIV
100 for TTYP=FIXED
MAXSTP 1E5
RELAX1 0.5 0.0
PRED 2O(second order) 1O(first order)
DIVISOR 1000 20 1000 20
CRIT2 0.1C
MINDT 1E-7
DIVGITR 2
MINQ 100W/m
2
RELAX2 0.0 0.5 0.0
CBP1 / 2 / 3 2 / 0.5 / 0.5
OPT2 RELATIVE RELATIVE

149
TABANGL
Definition of angle dependent functions as a table, useable for short wave radiation
surface properties.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABANGL TABID
+ ANGL_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ ANGL_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ ANGL_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
TABID table ID (integer > 0)
ANGL_i
F_i,k
angle of incidence in [deg] (0 real 180)
angle dependent value (0 real 1) of function F_k at ANGL_i
Related Keywords:
PRAD
Remarks:
- The last defined value will be used if the angle in the analysis exceeds the range of
definition.
- Intermediate values are linearly interpolated.
Example:
$ TAB1_1 TAB1_2
$ angle transm
TABANGL 1
+ 0 0
+ 10.0 0.4
+
$ GID SIDE EMIS ABSORB TRANSM
PRAD 1 POS 0.8 0.5 TAB1_2
150
TABDIST
Definition of distance dependent functions as a table, useable for solar boundary
conditions.
References: Theory Manual Chapter
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABDIST TABID
+ DIST_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ DIST_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ DIST_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
DIST_i
F_i,k
distance in [m] (real )
distance dependent value (0 real 1) of function F_k at DIST_i
Related Keywords:
DEFSUN
Remarks:
- The last defined value will be used if the distance in the analysis exceeds the range
of definition.

151
TABMAPF
Definition of a wave length and angle dependent function as a map, useable for shortwave
radiation surface properties in the Keyword PRAD.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABMAPF TABID ANGL_1 [ANGL_2] [ANGL_10]
+ WVLEN_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ WVLEN_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ WVLEN_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
WVLEN_i
ANGL_k
F_i,k
wave length in [nm] (300 s real s 2500)
angle of incidence [deg] (0 s real s 90)
function value (0 s real s 1) at WVLEN_i and ANGL_k
Remark:
- If wave length and angle exceed the range of definition, last defined value will be
taken.
- Intermediate values are interpolated bilinear.
- The solver will convert this map into a TABANGL that will be written to rpt-file and
that will be considered in the Keyword PRAD.
Related Keywords:
PRAD, TABSUNF, TABANGL
152
Example:
PRAD 2 BOTH 0.8 0.35 TAB1
$
TABMAPF 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
+ 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 346 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 347 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 348 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0
+ 349 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0
+ 350 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0
+ 351 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0
+ 352 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0
+ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
+ 2500 0.472 0.470 0.460 0.444 0.420 0.388 0.341 0.268 0.141 0
153
TABMAPH
Definition of a temperature and humidity dependent function as a map, useable for
VENTILT-HRET.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABMAPH TABID HUM_1 [HUM_2] [HUM_10]
+ TEMP_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ TEMP_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ TEMP_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
TEMP_i
HUM_k
F_i,k
temperature in [C] (real)
relative humidity [0-100%] (real)
function value (real) at TEMP_i and HUM_k
Remark:
- The former name of this Keyword was TABMAP.
- If temperature or humidity exceed the range of definition, last defined value will be
taken.
- Intermediate values are interpolated bilinear.
Related Keywords:
VENTILT-HRET
Example:
VENTILT 1 HRET AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1
TABMAPH 1 0 20 40 60 80 100
+ 30 5.13 6.77 11.12 12.73 18.13 22.85
+ 40. 10.08 13.54 18.79 21.11 29.34 34.47
+ 50. 14.62 20 27.94 30.62 40.99 45.38
Recirculation ventilation for Airzone 1. Air temperature at the ventilation outlet is a function
of the temperature and the relative humidity at the inlet. Volume flow: 0.01 m
3
/sec. The
temperature function is defined for a range of 0-100% of relative humidity and 30-60 C
temperature.
154
TABSUNF
Definition of a user-defined function for the relative spectral distribution of the global
radiation S() multiplied with the interval of wavelength A
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.3.1.1 and Appendix G
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABSUNF TABID
+ WVLEN_1 F_1
+ WVLEN_2 F_2
+ WVLEN_3 F_3
+
Property: Contents:
WVLEN_i

wave length in [nm] is typically defined in the range of the solar
spectrum (300 s real s 2500)
F_i function value = S()A (0 s real s 1) at WVLEN_i
Remark:
- It is recommended that the sum over all function values defined here = 1.
E S()A = 1. The solver will not check this relation.
- The solver will use the function values defined here to convert each TABMAPF
defined in the model into TABANGL that will be written to rpt-file and that will be
considered in the Keyword PRAD.
- The automatic integration (as described in the Theory Manual) takes into account
function values at wavelengths defined here. The range of integration is not
necessary the range from 300 to 2500nm.
- By default the solver will use function values of the DIN EN 410 if this Keyword
(TABSUNF) does not exist in the model. See Appendix of the Theory Manual.
Related Keywords:
PRAD, TABSUNF, TABMAPF

155
TABTEMP
Definition of temperature dependent functions as a table, useable for materials and
boundary conditions.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABTEMP TABID
+ TEMP_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ TEMP_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ TEMP_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
TEMP_i
F_i,k
temperature in [C] (real)
temperature dependent value (real) of function F_k at TEMP_i
Remark:
- If the temperature in the analysis exceeds the range of definition, the last defined
value will be used.
Example:
$ TAB1_1 TAB1_2
$ temp alpha
TABTEMP 1
+ 20.0 3.0
+ 100. 8.5
+
$ T_AMB ALPHA
BC C 1 POS 100.0 TAB1_2
156
TABTIME
Definition of time dependent functions as a table.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TABTIME TABID
+ TIME_1 F_1,1 [F_1,2] [F_1,10]
+ TIME_2 F_2,1 [F_2,2] [F_2,10]
+ TIME_3 F_3,1 [F_3,2] [F_3,10]
+
Property: Contents:
TIME_i
F_i,k
time in [s] (real)
time dependent value (real) of function F_k at TIME_i
Remarks:
- If the analysis time exceeds the range of definition, the last defined value will be
used.
- Intermediate values interpolated linear.
Example:
$ TAB1_1 TAB1_2 TAB1_3 TAB1_4 TAB1_5 TAB1_6 TAB1_7
$ time direct diffuse temp. radtemp radiat sun-pos
TABTIME 1
+ 0.0 45.9 8.1 22.0 5.7 14.5 71.4
+ 100. 55.2 12.4 25.0 6.1 14.1 76.1
+ 200. 60.1 14.6 27.0 6.7 13.8 80.1
+ 300. 64.0 16.4 28.0 6.9 13.4 86.0
+
DEFSUN 1 TAB1_2 TAB1_3 TAB1_6 TAB1_7
BC RAD 1 POS TAB1_5 TAB1_4
BC SUN 1 POS
157
TENSOR
Definition of tensor components for anisotropic conductivity in PSHELL3 composite shell
elements.

Warning:
22
new GUI. The information stored in the old Keyword TENSOR will be restored in the
new Keyword MAT5.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TENSOR TID CID C_11 C_22 C_33
Property: Contents:
TID tensor ID (integer > 0)
CID coordinate system ID (integer > 0)
CID=0 is the global cartesian coordinate system
CID=1 is the local element coordinate system
C_ij tensor components of the conductivity in [W/(m K)]
as a value (real > 0)
Example:
TENSOR 1 1 5 5 10
PSHELL3 1 PPM 3 0.01 TNS1 960. 1100.
Tensor 1 based on the local element coordinate system CID=1 is used for orthotropic
conductivity.
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
=
mK W 10 0 0
0 mK W 5 0
0 0 mK W 5
' k 0 0
0 ' k 0
0 0 ' k
'
33
22
11
k

22
158
normalized, orthogonal basis vectors: |m
i
| = 1
2
3
1
m
1
m
3
= n
m
2
= -m
1
x m
3
2
3
4
n
1
m
1
m
3
= n
m
2
=
-m
1
x m
3
normalized, orthogonal basis vectors: |m
i
| = 1
2
3
1
m
1
m
3
= n
m
2
= -m
1
x m
3
2
3
4
n
1
m
1
m
3
= n
m
2
=
-m
1
x m
3

Related Keywords:
PSHELL3, CQUAD4, CTRIA3, MAT5
159
TINITFE
Choice of the initial temperature of the finite elements.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TINITFE LOC SIDE TEMP OPT1 OPT2
Property: Contents:
LOC location
- LOC=ALL, temperature TEMP does apply for all finite elements
- LOC=GID, temperature TEMP does apply for all elements of the chosen
group
23
ID (integer > 0)
- LOC=FE, initial temp. for shells are read element-wise from file
[SIDE] (only for LOC=GID)
POS, NEG or BOTH
TEMP chosen initial temperature in [C] value (real)
this temperature will be ignored for LOC=FE
[OPT1] (only for LOC=FE)
if OPT1=FILEn_m: initial temperatures for the positive element sides are
read element-wise from the chosen file number n, result number m
[OPT2] (only for LOC=FE)
if OPT2=FILEn_m: initial temperatures for the negative element sides are
read element-wise from the chosen file number n, result number m
Remarks:
- Initial temperatures for the negative side of PSHELLMF elements can not be
defined here. The skin temperatures of the manikin FIALA-FE is always defined by
the setpoint temperature file (suffix .stp), except reading from a restart file!
- The combination TINITFE FE ALL may only occur once.
Related Keywords:
DATAFILE, MAPFILE, MANIKIN FIALA-FE

23
The group ID for shells, solids or bars.
160
Examples:
TINITFE ALL 23.0
All elements start the computation with T=23C.
TINITFE 1 BOTH 100.0
Only elements in group 1 (front and back side) start with 100C.
TINITFE FE FILE1_3
DATAFILE 1
+ tinit_val.csv
Reading initial temperatures for negative element sides element-wise from file
tinit_val.csv, result number 3, see Appendix A.
161
TISCSRV
Defining the TISC
24
-Server.
Use this Keyword to couple THESEUS-FE with an external server TISC v2.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TISCSRV PORTNO IPADDR CONNID
+ DESCRIPT
Property: Contents:
PORTNO port number of TISC server (integer > 0)
IPADDR internet protocol (IP) address of TISC server (char*15)
[CONNID] optional: client connection id
- can be set automatically by TISC-Center, otherwise arbitrary (integer>0).
- defaul: 1
[DESCRIPT] optional: client description (char*72, default: THESEUS-FE)
Examples:
TISCSRV 300 192.12.1.234
+ THESEUS-FE
TISC server is located at work station with IP-address 192.12.1.234 and is accessible at
port 300. The TISC server will display THESEUS-FE for the client description.
Related Keywords:
TISCVAR

24
TISC
, TLK INTER SOFTWARE CONNECTOR, www.tlk-thermo.com

162
TISCVAR
Defining variables to be send to TISC
25
or received from TISC v2.
Use this Keyword to couple THESEUS-FE with an external server.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TISCVAR IOTYPE INITVAL TFEOBJ1 OBJ1ID TFEOBJ2 FACTOR OFFSET MAPFID UNIT
+ VARNAME
+ [IDLNAME]
Property: Contents:
IOTYPE - IOTYPE = SEND the defined variable will be send to TISC at each time
step the post-processor will be called
- IOTYPE = RECEIVE the solver receives the defined variable from TISC
at each time step the post-processor will be called
INITVAL optional: value with which the variable shall be initialized (real, default: 0)
this value will be used for the first TISC exchange step only; it will not
override initial values set in the THESEUS-FE input deck somewhere else
TFEOBJ1 - TFEOBJ1 = AIRZONE data transfer (scalar) for an Airzone
- TFEOBJ1 = VENTILT data transfer (scalar) for a ventilation
- TFEOBJ1 = MANFIALA data transfer (scalar) for manikin FIALA-FE
- TFEOBJ1 = FE data transfer (vector) for shell elements
- TFEOBJ1 = FE_ALL data transfer (vector) for all shell elements
- TFEOBJ1 = FE_GRP data transfer (vector) for shell elements of a
certain group id.
- TFEOBJ1 = OTHERS
OBJ1ID identifier of TFEOBJ1 (integer>0); use OBJ1ID=1 if TFEOBJ1 = FE_ALL
or OTHERS
for TFEOBJ1 = FE you can choose between the whole model
(OBJ1ID=ALL), single groups (integer) or sets (Sinteger, e.g. S1 for set 1)
TFEOBJ2 supported variables (char*8) are listed in the table next page (red coloured)
FACTOR
OFFSET
variables send/received will be transformed with the following function
X = X * FACTOR + OFFSET
MAPFID optional: map file ID, if results have to be mapped (integer > 0)
only valid, if TFEOBJ1=FE_ALL and TFEOBJ2 unequal AREA
refers to a .trf mapfile supplied by Keyword MAPFILE
VARNAME external TISC variable name (char*72)
[IDLNAME] external TISC identifier list name (char*72)
- only needed for element-wise data transfer (TFEOBJ1 = FE_...)
- list of element ids enables an identification of the send/received values

25
TISC

163
UNIT optional: unit of the variable can be given here (char*8);
this can be read by the TISC server (currently only for display purposes)
Related Keywords:
BC-CBC-FC, BC-MFC, BC-FIALA, MAPFILE, TISCSRV, VENTILT-TISCRVT

TFEOBJ1 =
OTHERS
(double
scalars)
TFEOBJ1 =
AIRZONE
(double
scalars)
TFEOBJ1 =
VENTILATION
(double scalars)
TFEOBJ1 =
FE_ALL or FE_GRP
element wise data transfer for
shells
(double vector)
TFEOBJ1 =
MANFIALA
(double scalars)
IOTYPE
=
SEND
actual
analysis time:
TIME [s]
next call for
post-
processor:
NEXTTIME [s]
T [C],
ABS [kg/kg],
RLF [%]
DM[kg/s]
at the vent. inlet:
DV_IN0 [m/s],
DV_IN1 [m/s],
T_IN0 [C],
T_IN1 [C],
ABS_IN0 [kg/kg],
ABS_IN1 [kg/kg],
RLF_IN0 [%],
RLF_IN1 [%]
at the vent. outlet:
DV_OUT0 [m/s],
DV_OUT1 [m/s],
T_OUT0 [C],
T_OUT1 [C],
ABS_OUT0 [kg/kg],
ABS_OUT1 [kg/kg],
RLF_OUT0 [%],
RLF_OUT1 [%]
TEMPEPOS [C],
TEMPENEG[C],
the user can send all variables
listed in appendix B (unsupported
variable names lead to zeros
values send to TISC)
the additional string POS or
NEG stands for positive/negative
side of a shell element
to send the shell element area
use:
AREA[m]
for FE_GRP only:
to send the evaporative or
convective heat loss from manikin
respiration to an adjacent FE
group use:
ERSP [W/m] or CRSP [W/m
2
]
static thermal
sensation index:
TS [-], [-3,,3]
dynamic thermal
sensation index:
DTS [-], [-3,,3]
PMV index by Fanger:
PMV [-], [-3,,3]
percentage of
dissatisfied persons:
PPD[%], [0-100%]
average equivalent
temperature:
T_EQ[C]
IOTYPE
=
RECEIVE
next call for
post-
processor:
NEXTTIME [s]
T [C],
ABS [kg/kg],
RLF [%]
receiving
humidity
without
temperature
is forbidden
FL_RATE [kg/s or m/s],
T_OUT [C],
ABS_OUT[kg/kg],
RLF_OUT[%]
only in combination
with a ventilation:
VENTILT-TISCRVT
CONVTPOS [C],
CONVTNEG[C],
CONVCPOS [W/mK or m/s],
CONVCNEG[W/mK or m/s],
HEAT_POS [W/m],
HEAT_NEG[W/m]
only in combination with
boundary conditions of type BC-
C-TISC or BC-FC/MFC-TISC or
BC-HEAT-TISC
for convection type FC or MFC:
coefficients received from TISC
will be interpreted as fluid
velocities
164
Examples:
TISCVAR SEND AIRZONE 1 T C
+ airz_temp
The variable airz_temp will be send to TISC at each time step the post-processor is
called. airz_temp is the actual value of the Airzone 1 temperature.
TISCVAR RECEIVE 20.0 VENTILT 1 T_OUT C
+ outlet_temp
The variable outlet_temp will be received from TISC at each time step the post-processor
is called. outlet_temp will then be given to a VENTILT-TISC as the ventilation outlet
temperature. It will be initialized with 20.0 C.
BC C 1 POS TISC TISC C
TISCVAR RECEIVE FE_ALL 1 CONVTPOS
+ Fluid_temp
+ Identify_list
TISCVAR RECEIVE FE_ALL 1 CONVCPOS W/mK
+ HTC
+ Identify_list
Element-wise values for the ambient temperature (fluid temp.) and convective heat
transfer coefficient (HTC) will be received from TISC. The Identify_list controls the
assignment of values to shell element ids:
8.0 5.7 5.5 6.2 7.1 7.0 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.3
42.0 44.1 41.8 41.6 43.8 43.8 44.0 41.8 42.0 43.3
8.0 5.7 5.5 6.2 7.1 7.0 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.3
42.0 44.1 41.8 41.6 43.8 43.8 44.0 41.8 42.0 43.3
5119 5117 6689 7201 5567 5003 6699 6633 6734 5287 5119 5117 6689 7201 5567 5003 6699 6633 6734 5287
Fluid_temp :
HTC :
Identify_list :

165
TITLE1, TITLE2, TITLE3, TITLE4, TITLE5
User-defined job titles will be written to the hdf result file (dataset: 2_JobTitles).
Syntax:
1
TITLE1 STRING1
TITLE2 STRING2
TITLE3 STRING3
TITLE4 STRING4
TITLE5 STRING5
Example:
TITLE1 Tutorial 1 - wall
TITLE2 load case 1a
TITLE3 Mr. Futschi Mori
TITLE4 Ping Pong Industries
TITLE5 2007-11-06
Remark:
The length of each character strings is limited to 80 characters.
166
TJOINT
Individual T-joint connections for groups of shell elements (type: PSHELL3).
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TJOINT TID GID_PL1 GID_RB1 GID_PL2 GID_RB2 INFO
Property: Contents:
TID T-joint id (integer > 1)
GID_PL1 shell group id. of the plate (integer)
GID_RB1 shell group id. of the rib (integer)
[GID_PL2] optional: 2
nd
shell group id. of the plate (integer)
[GID_RB2] optional: 2
nd
shell group id. of the rib (integer)
[INFO] INFO=ON additional debug information will be written to rpt file
Remarks:
- The figures on the next page show all possible combinations of T-Joint connections
with different shell group ids.
- In the figures shown here: plate and rib have only 2 temperature points in thickness
direction. But the T-Joint connection in THESEUS-FE is applicable for single layer
shells and composite shells with an arbitrary number of temperature points. The
automatic MPC will always couple all temperature points of the rib with the
temperature point on the top (or bottom) of the plate.
167
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL1
GID_RB1
automatic MPC
at pos. side
GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL1
GID_RB3
Keyword definitions:
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL1
GID_RB3
GID_RB3
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at neg. side
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL2
GID_RB1
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL2
GID_RB1
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL2
GID_RB1
GID_RB1
GID_PL2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT GID_PL2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT
automatic MPC
at pos. side
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at neg. side

n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL2
GID_RB1
GID_RB2
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL2
GID_RB2
GID_RB1
GID_RB2 GID_PL2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT GID_RB2 GID_PL2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at pos. side
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at pos. side
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL1
GID_RB1
GID_RB2
n
n
GID_PL1 GID_PL1
GID_RB2
GID_RB1
GID_RB2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT GID_RB2 GID_RB1 GID_PL1 TJOINT
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at pos. side
automatic MPC
at neg. side
automatic MPC
at pos. side

168
USRINTRF
The User-Subroutine USER_INTERFACE will be called by the solver.
The FORTRAN90 code is listed in Appendix C: User Subroutines.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
USRINTRF CALL
Property: Contents:
[CALL] CALL=STEPn User-Subroutine will be called after each (n = 1)
converged time step (default), or after a user defined number of time
steps
(e.g. n = 5) .
CALL=POST User-Subroutine will be called after each
post-processor call; for POSTFRQ=INTRVAL the multiplier in the
interval table will be used to determine the call times
Related Keywords:
POSTFRQ, DATAFILE, SENDFILE
169
VENTILT-AIRZONE
Ventilation type Airzone: Given mass flow rates between Airzones.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VENTILT VENTID AIRZONE AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE
Property: Contents:
VENTID ventilation ID (1 integer 9999)
AIRs s = ID of the source Airzone (integer > 0)
AIRt t = ID of the target Airzone (integer > 0)
FL_TYPE flow type: MASS or VOLUME
FL_RATE mass flow dm [kg/s] - if FL_TYPE=MASS
volume flow dV [m
3
/s] - if FL_TYPE=VOLUME
as a
- value (real > 0)
Example:
VENTILT 1 AIRZONE AIR1 AIR2 MASS 0.001
Mass flow rate 0.001 kg/s defined from Airzone 1 to Airzone 2.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
170
VENTILT-FAT
Inverse mode ventilation FAT: Fresh-Air-Airzone-Temperature

The user defines the target Airzone temperature and the solver calculates the temperature
at the outlet.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID FAT AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_TARGET
+ RLF_ENV T_ENV DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE mass flow rate in [kg/s] - if FL_TYPE=MASS
volume flow rate in [m
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
T_TARGET temperature at the target Airzone in [C] as a
- value (real)
RFL_ENV relative humidity [0-100%] of the enviroment as a
- value (real)
T_ENV temperature of the environment in [C] as a
- value (real)
[DT_IN] conduction loss in [C] at the inlet
[DT_OUT] conduction loss in [C] at the outlet

171
Remarks:
An Airzone that has once been used as target in an inverse mode ventilation can only be
used as target in a ventilation AIRZONE. (Combinations with other types of ventilations
are forbidden.)
Examples:
VENTILT 1 FAT AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 50.0
+ 30.0 20.0
THESEU-FE solves for the temperature at the outlet that realizes a constant temperature
of 50C in Airzone 1. The boundary conditions for the environment are fixed at T
env
= 20C
and 30% rel. humidity. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
VENTILT 1 FAT AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1_2
+ 30.0 20.0
$
$ time T_TARGET
TABTIME 1
+ 0.0 20
+ 1000. 30
+ 2000. 40
+ 3000. 50
THESEU-FE solves for the temperature at the outlet that realizes a linear rise of the
temperature in Airzone 1, as defined in TABTIME 1. The boundary conditions for the
environment are fixed at T
env
= 20C and 30% rel. humidity. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
172
VENTILT-FATPMV
Inverse mode ventilation FATPMV: Fresh-Air-Airzone-Temperature-PMV

The user defines the target Airzone PMV index and the solver calculates the temperature
at the outlet. This feature requires the keyword AIRZPMV for the target Airzone.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID FATPMV AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE PMV_TARGET
Property: Contents:
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
PMV_TARGET PMV index at the target Airzone as a
- value (real)
RFL_ENV relative humidity [0-100%] of the enviroment as a
- value (real)
- value (real)
173
VENTILT-FMFVT
Ventilation type FMFVT: Flowmaster-Freshair-Ventilation-Temperature.

Use this Keyword to link THESEUS-FE to Flowmaster

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VENTILT VENTID FMFVT AIRt VOLUME FL_RATE
+ RLF_ENV T_ENV T_CTRL FMNO_T FMBC_T FMNO_X FMBC_X
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE volumetric flow rate in [m
3
/s]
as a
- value (real > 0)
RFL_ENV relative humidity [0-100%] of the environment as a
- value (real)
- value (real)
[T_CTRL] cut off temperature at the evaporator (real, default: 2.5C)
FMNO_T component or node number in the Flowmaster network at which the result
of the ventilation temperature arises
FMBC_T number of the corresponding Flowmaster boundary condition
(Keyword: FMBC)
[FMNO_X] component or node number in the Flowmaster network at which the result
of the ventilation humidity arises
[FMBC_X] number of the corresponding Flowmaster boundary condition
(Keyword: FMBC)
Remarks:
As Flowmaster uses only volumetric flow rates, no choice of FLOW TYPE are available.
Besides, due to the fact that the duct losses can be applied very easily in Flowmaster the
use of duct losses in the ventilation modes FMFVT and FMRVT is not necessary and
therefore also not available. In case of a transient Flowmaster simulation the results are
only available at gauge components in all other cases only at nodes.
174
Examples:
VENTILT 1 FMFVT AIR1 VOLUME 0.15
+ 80.0 -20.0 -20.0 2
The ventilation temperature is calculated by Flowmaster at node number 2 and blown into
Airzone 1 with a volumetric flow rate of 0.15 m/s. The environmental data is minus 20C
and 80% relative humidity.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME, FMBC, FMFILE
175
VENTILT-FMRVT
Ventilation type FMRVT: Flowmaster-Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature.

Use this Keyword to link THESEUS-FE to Flowmaster.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VENTILT VENTID FMRVT AIRs AIRt VOLUME FL_RATE
+ T_CTRL FMNO_T FMBC_T FMNO_X FMBC_X
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE volumetric flow rate in [m
3
/s]
as a
- value (real > 0)
[T_CTRL] cut off temperature at the evaporator (real, default: 2.5C)
FMNO_T component or node number in the Flowmaster network at which the result
of the ventilation temperature arises
FMBC_T number of the corresponding Flowmaster boundary condition
(Keyword: FMBC)
[FMNO_X] component or node number in the Flowmaster network at which the result
of the ventilation humidity arises (default: 0)
[FMBC_X] number of the corresponding Flowmaster boundary condition
(Keyword: FMBC) (default: 0)
Remarks:
As Flowmaster uses only volumetric flow rates, no choice of FLOW TYPE are available.
Besides, due to the fact that the duct losses can be applied very easily in Flowmaster the
use of duct losses in the ventilation modes FMFVT and FMRVT is not necessary and
therefore also not available. In case of a transient Flowmaster simulation the results are
only available at gauge components in all other cases only at nodes.
176
Examples:
VENTILT 1 FMRVT AIR1 AIR2 VOLUME 0.125
+ 1.5 15 1 16 2
The ventilation temperature is calculated by Flowmaster at component/node number 15,
the humidity result at component/node number 16 and blown in to Airzone 2 with a
volumetric flow rate of 0.125 m/s. The soaked air is coming from Airzone 1 and the
temperature of this Airzone is applied to Flowmaster boundary condition (FMBC) with
identifier ID 1 as well as the humidity of this Airzone to Flowmaster boundary condition
(FMBC) with identifier ID 2.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME, FMBC, FMFILE
177
VENTILT-FVT
Ventilation type FVT: Fresh-Air-Ventilation-Temperature.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID FVT AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_OUT0
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE mass flow rate in [kg/s] - if FL_TYPE= MASS
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
T_OUT0 temperature at the evaporator outlet in [C] as a
- value (real)
RFL_ENV relative humidity [0-100%] of the environment as a
- value (real)
- value (real)
Examples:
VENTILT 1 FVT AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 55.0
+ 30.0 20.0
Airzone 1 is heated by the air from the environment (T
env
= 20C, 30% rel. humidity).
178
Air at the ventilation outlet: T = 55C. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
VENTILT 1 FVT AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1_2
+ 30.0 20.0
$
$ time T_OUT
TABTIME 1
+ 0.0 45.9
+ 1000. 55.2
+ 2000. 60.1
+ 3000. 64.0
Airzone 1 is heated by the air from the environment (T
env
= 20C, 30% rel. humidity).
Air temperature at the ventilation outlet is a function of time. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
179
VENTILT-HRET
Ventilation type HRET: Humidity-Recirculation-Evaporation Temperature.

Parameters might be functions of the temperature and the relative humidity at the inlet.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID HRET AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_OUT0
+ DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE mass flow in [kg/s] - if FL_TYPE=MASS
volume flow in [m
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
- value (real)
- or a reference to a matrix table (TABMAPH)
- or a reference to a matrix table (TABTEMP)
- or a reference to a matrix table (TABTEMP)

180
Examples:
VENTILT 1 HRET AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1
$
TABMAPH 1 0 20 40 60 80 100
+ 30 5.13 6.77 11.12 12.73 18.13 22.85
+ 40. 10.08 13.54 18.79 21.11 29.34 34.47
+ 50. 14.62 20 27.94 30.62 40.99 45.38
+ 60. 15.97 29.02 37.96 41.71 55.35 58.81
Recirculation ventilation for Airzone 1.
Air temperature at the ventilation outlet is a function of the temperature and the relative
humidity at the inlet. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s. The temperature function is defined for a
range of 0-100% of relative humidity and 30-60C temperature.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABMAPH, TABTEMP, TABTIME
181
VENTILT-RAT
Inverse mode ventilation type RAT: Recirculation-Airzone-Temperature

The user defines the target Airzone temperature and the solver calculates the temperature
at the outlet.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID RAT AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_TARGET
+ DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
FL_RATE mass flow [kg/s] - if FL_TYPE=MASS
volume flow [m
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
T_TARGET temperature at the target Airzone in [C] as a
- value (real)
Remarks:
An Airzone that has once been used as target in a inverse mode ventilation can only be
used as target in a ventilation AIRZONE. Combinations with other types of ventilations
are forbidden.
182
Examples:
VENTILT 1 RAT AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 50.0
Inverse mode recirculation ventilation. Air coming from Airzone 1 goes back to Airzone 1
after heating.
THESEUS-FE solves for the temperature at the outlet that realizes a constant temperature
of 50C in Airzone 1. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
VENTILT 1 RAT AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1_2
$
$ time T_TARGET
TABTIME 1
+ 0.0 20
+ 1000. 30
+ 2000. 40
+ 3000. 50
THESEU-FE solves for the temperature at the outlet that realizes a linear rise of the
temperature in Airzone 1, as defined in TABTIME 1. The boundary conditions for the
environment are fixed at T
env
= 20C and 30% rel. humidity. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
183
VENTILT-RATPMV
Inverse mode ventilation RATPMV: Recirculation -Air-Airzone-Temperature-PMV

The user defines the target Airzone PMV index and the solver calculates the temperature
at the outlet. This feature requires the keyword AIRZPMV for the target Airzone.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID RATPMV AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE PMV_TARGET
+ DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
PMV_TARGET PMV index at the target Airzone in [C] as a
- value (real)
184
VENTILT-RET
Ventilation type RET: Recirculation-Evaporation-Temperature.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID RET AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_OUT0
+ DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
- value (real)
- or a reference to a temperature table (TABTEMP)

185
Examples:
VENTILT 1 RET AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 TAB1_2
$
$ T_IN T_OUT
TABTIME 1
+ 30 52
+ 40. 58
+ 50. 61
+ 60. 63
Air temperature at the ventilation outlet is a function of the temperature at the inlet.
Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTEMP
186
VENTILT-RVT
Ventilation type RVT: Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID RVT AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_OUT0
+ DT_IN DT_OUT
Property: Contents:
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
- value (real)
Examples:
VENTILT 1 RVT AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME 0.01 80.0
187
Air at the ventilation outlet: T = 80C. Volume flow: 0.01m
3
/s.
VENTILT 1 RVT AIR1 AIR1 VOLUME TAB1_3 TAB1_2
$
$ time T_OUT0 FL_RATE
TABTIME 1
+ 0.0 65.9 0.006
+ 1000. 75.2 0.009
+ 2000. 80.1 0.01
+ 3000. 84.0 0.01
Air temperature and volume flow at the ventilation outlet is a function of time.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
188
VENTILT-TISCRVT
Ventilation type TISCRVT: TISC-Recirculation-Ventilation-Temperature.

Parameters might be values, functions of time, or received TISC variables.
(Use this Keyword to link THESEUS-FE to the external data server TISC
26
)

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VENTILT VENTID TISCRVT AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE FL_RATE T_OUT0
+ RLF_OUT
Property: Contents:
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to TISC server (FL_RATE=TISC)
- value (real)
- reference to TISC server (T_OUT0=TISC)
RLF_OUT (relative) humidity at the evaporator outlet [0-100%]
- value (real)
- reference to TISC server (RLF_OUT=TISC)

26
TISC

189
Examples:
VENTILT 1 TISCRVT AIR1 AIR2 VOLUME 0.1 TISC
+ TISC
TISCVAR RECEIVE DOUBLE VENTILT 1 T_OUT0
+ temp_outlet
TISCVAR RECEIVE DOUBLE VENTILT 1 RLF_OUT
+ rel_hum_outlet
Recirculation ventilation from Airzone 1 to Airzone 2.
The flow rate is 0.1m
3
/s. THESEUS-FE receives outlet temperature and relative humidity
from the TISC server as defined with the Keywords TISCVAR.
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME, TISCSRV, TISCVAR
190
VENTUSR
This Keyword allowes to apply user-defined functions for the ventilation mass flow rate and
the outlet temperature in a User Subroutine USER_VENT.f90.
References:
- Appendix C: User-Subroutines (USER_VENT)
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
VENTUSR VENTID USERID AIRs AIRt FL_TYPE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Property: Contents:
[P1-5] Optional parameters to be given to the User Subroutine.
Parameters P1-5 can be ...
- a real value
- a reference to a time table (TABTIME)
- a reference to an Airzone temperature (AIRZONE)
- a references to an averaged shell group temperature....
E.g. GP11 stands for the average temperature of shell group 11, positive
side. GN11 gives the average temperature on the negative side.

Remarks:
- It is illegal to define negative values for the flow rate in the User Subroutine.
- It is not necessary to define the outlet temperature in the User Subroutine. If it
remains undefined the ventilation inlet temperature (= source Airzone temperature)
will be applied automatically.
191

Example:
VENTUSR 1 USRV1 AIR1 AIR2 MASS TAB2_3 GN11 AIR3 0.3
Mass flow rate from Airzone 1 to 2: is computed in the User Subroutine USER_VENT.f90.
See Appendix C. The following parameters are passed to the User-Subroutine:
USERID = USRV1
P1= interpolated time table (ID=2, column=3) function value
P3 = actual temperature of Airzone 3
P1= 0.3

The following formula for the flow rate might be realized in the User Subroutine:
FL_RATE = PARAM(1) * ABS(PARAM(2) PARAM3(3)) ** PARAM(4)
Related Keywords:
AIRZONE, TABTIME
192
VFCTRL
Choose different methods for numeric view factor calculation.

References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.3.3.1, Validations 1.3.1
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VFCTRL VF_MTH INT_MTH RFL SUBELM RND_FLAG
Available methods for view factor integration in THESEUS-FE:
Property: Contents:
VF_MTH View factor calculation method:
- VF_MTH=S2S: surface-to-surface view factor calculation; for each pair of
shell elements a view factor is determined via numeric integration
- VF_MTH=HC: hemicube method
- VF_MTH=HS: hemisphere method (default for large models)
- VF_MTH=SIMPLE: one or six rays are used for determining radiation
relationships
INT_MTH Numeric integration method (only for surface-to-surface view factor
calculation; VF_MTH = S2S)
- INT_MTH=SIMPS: Double line contour integration with Simpsons rule
- INT_MTH=GAUSS: Single line contour integration with the Gauss
Method (4 integ. points)
- INT_MTH=SIMPLE: Simplified view factor integration scheme
- INT_MTH=ADAPTIVE (default):
faces share grid point(s) GAUSS with 6 integ. points
short distance (< 6Rmax) GAUSS with 4 integ. points
long distance SIMPLE
RFL Only for VF_MTH=HC, HS or SIMPLE:
- for the hemicube and hemisphere method (VF_MTH=HC or HS):
refinement level (1 integer 6, default: 3); results in 3*2
2
*
RFL
rays per
hemi-cube
- for VF_MTH=SIMPLE (integer, 1 or 6, default: 6)
SUBELM Only for VF_MTH=HC, HS or SIMPLE:
Refinement level for the elements (1 integer 10, default: 3)
each element is subdivided into SUBELM
2
sub-elements
[RND_FLAG] Only for VF_MTH=HC, HS or SIMPLE:
- RND_FLAG=YES (default): to randomize the orientation for the
hemicube (or simple) method
- RND_FLAG=NO: search directions for the hemicube or simple method
will always be adjusted along the local element x-axis

193
number of samples for hemicube and hemisphere method:
RFL = 1 2 3 4 5 6
rays per
hemicube/hemisphere =
12 48 192 768 3072 12288
1 1 rays per element = 12 48 192 768 3072 12288
2 4 48 192 768 3072 12288 49152
3 9 108 432 1728 6912 27648 110592
4 16 192 768 3072 12288 49152 196608
5 25 300 1200 4800 19200 76800 307200
6 36 432 1728 6912 27648 110592 442368
7 49 588 2352 9408 37632 150528 602112
8 64 768 3072 12288 49152 196608 786432
9 81 972 3888 15552 62208 248832 995328
10 100 1200 4800 19200 76800 307200 1228800
S
U
B
E
L
M
#
s
u
b
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s

Remarks:
- if the keyword VFCTRL is omitted, the following default values will be set depending
on the total number of facets in all defined cavities:
#facets <= 10000: VF_MTH=S2S, INT_MTH=ADAPTIVE
10000 < #facets <= 30000: VF_MTH=HS, RFL=4, SUBELM=2 3072 rays/e.
300000 < #facets <= 1000000 VF_MTH=HS, RFL=2, SUBELM=3 432 rays/e.
1000000 < #facets: VF_MTH=HS, RFL=2, SUBELM=2 192 rays/e
Related Keywords:
CAVITY, BC-VFCAV, VFREAD, VFGRP
194
VFFE
Write out element-wise view factors to the report file (suffix .rpt).

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VFFE
Remark:
This feature is only available for small models with cavities of less than 100 facets.
Related Keywords:
CAVITY, BC-VFCAV, VFREAD, VFCTRL, VFGRP

195
VFGRP
Write out group-wise view factors to the report file (suffix .rpt).

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VFGRP
Related Keywords:
CAVITY, BC-VFCAV, VFREAD, VFCTRL, VFFE
196
VFREAD
The view factor matrix will be read from a binary transfer file (suffix .vfr).

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VFREAD
+ NAME
Property: Contents:
NAME radiation view factor file name (default: job name + .vfr)
Related Keywords:
CAVITY, BC-VFCAV, VFCTRL, VFGRP
Remarks:
- On a Windows platform It is not permitted to read in view factor files created on a
Linux 64bit platform.
- If the user writes out view factors from a THESEUS-FE model arbitrary model
changes must not be done before reading in the pre-calculated view factors.
Forbidden model change actions are listed beneath.

THESEUS-FE
model1
view factor file
(suffix .vfr)
THESEUS-FE
model2
VFREAD
model change actions
(forbidden?)

FE
groups
cavities
facets per cavity
solver checks if the
total number of
the following
objects changed...
FE
groups
cavities
sequence of IDs changed
in the tfe-file for the
objects...
renumber/add/delete FE, change
orientation
renumber groups, change FE-group
assignment
renumber cavities, add/delete groups
in cavity, change group-cavity assignm.,
modify group orientation in cavity
after writing out a vfr-file from model1
the following model chage actions are
forbidden before reading in the vfr-file in
model2....
FE
groups
cavities
facets per cavity
total number of
the following
objects changed...
FE
groups
cavities
sequence of IDs changed
in the tfe-file for the
objects...
renumber/add/delete FE, change
orientation
renumber groups, change FE-group
assignment
renumber cavities, add/delete groups
in cavity, change group-cavity assignm.,
modify group orientation in cavity
after writing out a vfr-file from model1
the following model chage actions are
forbidden before reading in the vfr-file in
model2....

197
VOLFLUX
Fluid flow between fluid volumes.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
VOLFLUX VOLs VOLt FL_TYPE FL_RATE
Property: Contents:

VOLs s = ID of the source volume (integer > 0)
VOLt t = ID of the target volume (integer > 0)
3
as a
- value (real > 0)
Example:
VOLFLUX VOL1 VOL2 MASS 0.001
Mass flow (0.001 kg/sec) defined from volume 1 to volume 2.
Related Keywords:
VOLUME, TABTIME
198
VOLUME
Definition of fluid volumes which can be coupled convectively with surrounding shell
surfaces.

Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VOLUME VID VOL SPECH SPECM TINIT TFIX
Property: Contents:
VID volume ID (1 integer 9999)
VOL volume [m
3
] as a
- value (real > 0)
SPECH specific heat in [J/(kg K)] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a temperature dependent polynomial function
SPECH=POLY_AIR, POLY_EXH, ..._OIL, ..._STE or ..._WAT
SPECM specific mass in [kg/m
3
] as a
- value (real > 0)
- reference to a temperature dependent polynomial function
SPECH=POLY_AIR, POLY_EXH, ..._OIL, ..._STE or ..._WAT
TINIT initial temperature in [C] (real)
[TFIX] Optional fixed temperature in [C] as a
- value (real > 0)
volume temperature is fixed during the solution process

199
Examples:
VOLUME 1 0.5 1007 1.16 25.0
BC FC 3 POS VOL1
The simulation starts with T_vol(1)=25C.
The temperature of Volume 1 is equal to the ambient temperature of the shell group 3:
T_env = T_vol(1). Convective heat transfer between shells and the Volume takes place.
VOLUME 1 0.5 TAB1_2 TAB1_3 25.0
TABTEMP 1
+ -23 1006 1.39
+ 27 1007 1.16
+ 77 1009 0.99
+ 127 1014 0.87
+ 177 1021 0.77
+ 227 1030 0.69
The user defines the specific heat and the specific mass of the volume as temperature
dependent functions from a table.
VOLUME 1 0.5 POLY_AIR POLY_AIR 25.0
During the solution process the specific heat and the specific mass of the volume will be
temperature dependent polynomial functions:
SPECH = 2.36E-4*T**2 + 5.94E-2*T + 1.00E3 air: spec. heat [J/(kg K)]
RHO = -6.96E-9*T**3 + 8.58E-6*T**2 - 4.20E-3*T + 1.28 air: spec. mass [kg/m
3
]

200
#ADPTVE
Special Keyword for the oven parameter optimization via genetic algorithms:
If this Keyword is active the standard deviations of mutations will be automatically adjusted
during the optimization to reach 20% successful mutations.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#ADPTVE FLAG
Property: Contents:
FLAG FLAG=ON Activates adaptive mutations (default).
FLAG=OFF Deactivates adaptive mutations.
Example:
#ADPTVE OFF
Related Keywords:
#MUTFRC
Remark:
- This Keyword is not available in a sensitivity analysis.

201
#BSTFIT
Termination criterion to abort the optimization.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#BSTFIT ABORTVAL
Property: Contents:
ABORTVAL If the value of the best fit function is smaller than ABORTVAL (real > 0)
the optimization terminates.
Example:
#BSTFIT 0.1

Remark:

202
#CNVCRT
Convergence criterion to abort the optimization.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#CNVCRT VAL
Property: Contents:
VAL The optimization aborts if the difference between best fit and average fit
falls below VAL (real > 0, default: 0.03)
Example:
0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
generations
f
i
t

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
BEST FIT
AVERAGE FIT
BEST FIT AVERAGE FIT < 0.03

Remark:

203
#CONSTR
Defines constraints for the variables of your optimization problem.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#CONSTR VAR1 COMPOP VAR2
Property: Contents:
VAR1 1
st
variable to compare
COMPOP COMPOP=GT compare operator greater than
COMPOP=LT compare operator lower than
VAR2 2
nd
variable to compare
Example:
To realize VAR1 > VAR2:
#CONSTR VAR1 GT VAR2

Remark:
Related Keywords:
#VAR, #TASK

204
#MUTFRC
Defines start values for the standard deviation of the mutations.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#MUTFRC FRAC
Property: Contents:
FRAC mutation fraction f (real > 0, default: 0.03).

Standard deviation:
max min
V V f = o .
V
min
and V
max
define the range of values during the optimization.
Applied mutation: z m o = ; V = V + m.
z is a simulated random number with standard deviation 1.

V
min V
max
p
r
o
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
range of values
mutated
value: V = V + m
original
value: V
max min
V V f 2 2 = o

Remark:
Related Keywords:
#VAR, #TASK

205
#NCHLD
Number of children per couple and generation.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#NCHLD VAL
Property: Contents:
VAL Children per parent couple (integer > 1, default: 4).
Remark:
Related Keywords:
#TASK

206
#NCPU
Number of CPUs to start THESEUS-FE jobs in parallel.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#NCPU CPUS
Property: Contents:
CPUS CPUS=2 Number of CPUs for the calculation (default value).
Example:
#NCPU 4
207
#NGEN
Maximum number of generations.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#NGEN VAL
Property: Contents:
VAL Maximum number of generations (integer > 0, default: 100)
Remark:
Related Keywords:
#TASK
208
#NINDI
Number of individiums per generation.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#NINDI VAL
Property: Contents:
VAL Number of individiums (integer > 10, multiple of 2, default: 20).

209
#TASK
Choose between optimization or sensitivity analyses.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#TASK TYPE
Property: Contents:
TYPE TYPE=OPTI Optimization via genetic algorithms (default).
TYPE=SENS Sensitivity analyses.
210
#VAR
Define variables to be optimized.
Syntax:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
#VAR VARNME VMIN VMAX VALUE
Property: Contents:
VARNME name of the variable (character*8)
VMIN minimum value (real)
VMAX maximum value (real), VMAX> VMIN
[VALUE] default value (real) only used by the THESEUS-GUI
Example:
Optimization variables:
VAR1 = h_mx ; VAR2 = h_circ ; VAR3 = h_gap
#VAR h_mx 20 60
#VAR h_circ 5 15
#VAR h_gap 100 200

211
3 Appendix
212
Appendix A: Format definitions in data files
In THESEUS-FE it is possible to read in element-wise parameters for certain boundary
conditions, as well as element-wise initial temperatures, via data files.
PATRAN- or CSV-formatted result files may be used. The values in a CSV file must be
separated by semicolons.
Syntax:
EID(i), VAR1, VAR2,
Property: Contents:
EID(i) for data line i in .csv-file:
shell element ID (integer>0)
VARn for data line i in .csv-file:
value of variable n for the element EID(i) (real)
Related Keywords:
BC-TEMP, BC-HEAT, BC-C, BC-FC, BC-MFC, TINITFE
Remarks:
- leading comment lines can be included in a .csv-file starting with a $
Examples:
$ parameters for BC-TEMP (fixed temperatures at shell surfaces)
$ EID, T_pos, T_neg
10, 23.2, 35.2
11, 25.6, 39.1
12, 24.0, 38.0

$ parameters for BC-C (standard convection at shell surfaces)
$ EID, T_AMB_pos, HTC_pos, T_AMB_neg, HTC_neg,
10, 23.0, 4.5, 35.0, 5.1
11, 23.0, 4.8, 35.0, 5.2
12, 23.0, 4.1, 35.0, 5.6
213
Appendix B: Element-wise field variables for post-
processing
Field variables for shell elements created by the Keyword POSTFE...
Field Var.: Contents:
TEMPE average temperature
APPLH applied surface heat flux density in [W/m
2
]
CONDQ conducted heat flux density in normal direct. of the outer surface
27
in [W/m
2
]
CONVQ convection: heat flux density in [W/m
2
]
CONVC convection: coefficient in [W/(m
2
K)]
CONVT convection: ambient fluid temperature in [C]
SUNBC solar short wave rad.: applied heat flux density (direct+diffuse) in [W/m
2
]
SUNAB solar short wave rad.: absorbed heat flux density (direct+diffuse) in [W/m
2
]
SUNTR solar short wave rad.: transmitted heat flux density (direct+diffuse) in [W/m
2
]
SUNRF solar short wave rad.: reflected heat flux density (direct+diffuse) in [W/m
2
]
SUNAI solar short wave rad.: absorbed energy density (direct+diffuse) in [J/m
2
]
RADAB surf.-to-surf. long wave rad.: absorbed heat flux density in [W/m
2
]
RADRF surf.-to-surf. long wave rad.: reflected heat flux density in [W/m
2
]
MNESK total evaporative heat loss of manikins in [W/m
2
]
EQIVT local equivalent temperature in [C]
only supported for the Manikin FIALA-FE.
LCISO local comfort index (1..5) from ISO14505
SLZHA Zhangs local sensation index (-4..+4)
LCZHA Zhangs local comfort index (-4..+4)
ENRGY Energy stored in shell elements
28
in [J/m
2
]

27
Because of the energy balance on the outer surface CONDQ should be (approximately) the sum over all
applied boundary heat fluxes from convection, radiation a.s.o
28
ENRGY is only available for shell elements of the type PSHELL1.
214

Field Variables created by the Keyword POSTVF exist only for t=0:
Field Var.: Contents:
VFSUM view factor sum
VFSTD (standard) view factor related to a certain shell element id
VFSYM symmetric view factor related to a certain shell element id
215
Appendix C: User Subroutines
216
General explanations
User subroutines in THESEUS-FE
- are flexible tools to extend the standard functionalities of the solver
- are typically written in Fortran
- will be linked to the solver as dynamic libraries (.dll on a WINDOWS platform, .so on
Linux)
The following table lists the available user routines and file names:
Fortran file Library name Description
USER_CONVEC.f90 UserConvec User defined BC-C
USER_HEAT.f90 UserHeat User-defined BC-
HEAT
USER_INTERFACE.f90 UserInter Interface to other
software
USER_MANFIALA_ASF.f90 UserManfialaASF Active system
functions for the
manikin FIALA-FE
USER_MANFIALA_ISO.f90 UserManfialaISO Local comfort
indices for manikin
FIALA-FE according
to ISO
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO.f90 UserManfialaZhangCO Overall comfort
indices for FIALA-
FE according to
Zhang
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC.f90 UserManfialaZhangLCl Local comfort
indices
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL.f90 UserManfialaZhangSL Local sensation
indices
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO.f90 UserManfialaZhangSO Overal sensation
indices
USER_VENT.f90 UserVent User defined
ventilation
Windows: Link your individual user subroutine with the main program code:
1. we recommend building user subroutines using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
including the Intel Visual Fortran Compiler v11.1.
2. the directory INSTALLATION_DIR\UserSubroutines contains sample projects
and user subroutines with correct compile and link settings
3. copy the finished dll-file into the working directory where THESEUS-FE will run

attention: the shared object file has to be named LibraryName.dll, see table above

4. the solver will now use your individual User-Subroutine.
Linux: Link your individual user subroutine with the main program code:
217
1. create an intermediate object file from your Fortran source code with position
independent code

example: ifort fPIC c USER_INTERFACE.f90
2. use your Fortran compiler to generate the shared object (avoid invoking the dynamic
linker ld directly to prevent linking error messages the compiler usually knows more
about the compiling environment than ld alone)

attention: the shared object file has to be named libLibraryName.so, see table above

example: ifort shared o libUserInter.so USER_INTERFACE.o
3. be sure that the path where your compiled shared object resides is mentioned in the
LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable in front of any other directory in which other
versions of the user subroutines are stored (e.g. the default ones). If you use the start-
up script generated by the THESEUS-FE Linux installer, the current working directory
./ and the directory lib/ of your THESEUS-FE installation will be inserted at the
beginning of the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable in that order for the environment in
which the THESEUS-FE solver is executed
4. the solver will now use your user subroutine
Usage of Fortran file unit numbers:
Use the file unit number 201 to print comments from a user subroutine to the report file
(suffix .rpt)
WRITE(201,*) Hello world!
Use the file unit numbers 7-99 to open, read or write your own files.
218
USER_CONVEC
Returns user-defined heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values and fluid temperature for shell
elements during the solution process. Those values might be functions of temperature,
time, place, element direction etc.
References: Theory Manual Chapter 1.2.1-3

Default Fortran 90 code delivered with the THESEUS-FE Solver v4.2:

!
!SUBROUTINEUSER_CONVEC:DEFINITIONSFORELEMENT_WISECONVECTIVEHEATTRANSFERCOEFF.
!
!...calledateachtimestepandnonlin.iteration
!...foreachintegrationpointofshellelementfacetswithuserdefinedconvectiveUSERID
!
!PREDEFINEDADVANCEDCONVECTION(AC)LIBRARY:
!
!usagefortheplate(externalflow:freeandforcedconvection)
!
!USERID=ACPL1...forthesharpedgeplate
!USERID=ACPL2...forthenonsharpedgeplate
!USERID=ACPL.AIRforfluid:air(20..550C)
!USERID=ACPL.WATforfluid:liquidwater(4..100C)
!USERID=ACPL.STEforfluid:steamwater(100..600C)
!USERID=ACPL.EXHforfluid:exhaustgas(100..600C)
!USERID=ACPL.OILforfluid:liquidengineoil(0..150C)
!
!userdefinedparameters:
!P1=fluidtemperature[C];P2=fluidvelocity[m/s];P3=charact.length[m](default:0.5m)
!
!
!
!usageforthecirculartube(internalflow:forcedconvection)
!
!USERID=ACTBCAIRforfluid:air(20..550C)
!USERID=ACTBCWATforfluid:liquidwater(4..100C)
!USERID=ACTBCSTEforfluid:steamwater(100..600C)
!USERID=ACTBCEXHforfluid:exhaustgas(100..600C)
!USERID=ACTBCOILforfluid:liquidengineoil(0..150C)
!
!userdefinedparameters:
!P1=fluidtemperature[C];P2=fluidvelocity[m/s];P3=char.len=diameter[m](default:0.5m)
!
SUBROUTINEUSER_CONVEC(STEP,&!input:currentstepnumber
NLITER,&!input:currentnonlineariterationnumber
USERID,&!input:useriddefinedin.tfefile
PID,&!input:groupId(asdefinedintfefile)
EID,&!input:elementId(asdefinedintfefile)
POS,&!input:FEside(positive=1,negative=2)
INTP,&!input:integrationpointnumber
VEC_X,&!input:componentsofthepositionvector
VEC_N,&!input:componentsofthefacenormalvector(length=1)
AREA,&!input:areaofthegroup
TIME,&!input:currenttime
TEMP,&!input:temperatureatintegrationpoint
PARAM,&!input:act.valuesofthebcparameters(asdef.intfefile)
NPARAM,&!input:numberofbcparameters
HTC,&!output:convectioncoefficient
AMB_TEMP,&!output:convectionenviromenttemperature
ERR)!output:errorcode(default:0)
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_CONVEC
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
!INPUTVARIABLES:
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::USERID
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::STEP,NLITER,PID,EID,POS,INTP,NPARAM
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::VEC_N(3),VEC_X(3),AREA,TIME,TEMP,PARAM(NPARAM)
!OUTPUTVARIABLES:
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(OUT)::HTC,AMB_TEMP
INTEGER,INTENT(OUT)::ERR
!temporaryvariables
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::RA_CRIT=4.738D6!crit.raleighnumb.
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::G=9.81!gravity
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::L_DEFAULT_TB=0.05!defaultchar.length:diameterofcirculartube
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::QUASI0=1D10
LOGICAL::DEBUG
DOUBLEPRECISION::L_DEFAULT_PL
DOUBLEPRECISION::V,L,T_M,N,K,PR,PR3,XI,HTC_FOR,RE,NU_FOR_LAM,NU_FOR_TURB,NU_FOR
DOUBLEPRECISION::B,GR,RA,NU_FREE_A,HTC_FREE_A,NU_FREE_B,HTC_FREE_B,NU_FREE_C,HTC_FREE_C
DOUBLEPRECISION::NZ,SIN2,COS2,HTC_FREE
ERR=0!default(setERR>0tocreatesanerrormessageandterminatethesolver)

219
L_DEFAULT_PL=SQRT(AREA)!defaultforchar.lengthofplate[m]
AMB_TEMP=PARAM(1)!fluidtemperature[C]
T_M=(AMB_TEMP+TEMP)/2D0!midbound.lay.temp[C]
DEBUG=.FALSE.
IF(DEBUG)THEN
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A)')"INFOFROMUSER_CONVEC:"
WRITE(201,'(A)')""
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A,2I8,G12.5)')"STEP,NLITER,TIME=",STEP,NLITER,TIME
WRITE(201,*)
IF(POS==1)WRITE(201,'(A,I8,3A)')"ShellElement=",EID,"(pos.side),USERID='",USERID,"'"
IF(POS==2)WRITE(201,'(A,I8,3A)')"ShellElement=",EID,"(neg.side),USERID='",USERID,"'"
ENDIF
SELECTCASE(USERID(6:8))
CASE("AIR")!airgas(rangeofdefinition20..550C)
IF(T_M<20D0)T_M=20D0
IF(T_M>550D0)T_M=550D0
N=8.03D11*T_M**2+9.38D8*T_M+1.34D5!kinematicviscosity[m2/s]
K=3.32D8*T_M**2+8.04D5*T_M+2.41D2!conductivity[W/mK]
PR=4.15D7*T_M**22.23D4*T_M+7.14D1!PrandtlNumber
B=1.0/(273.0+T_M)!thermalexp.coeff.
CASE("WAT")!liquidwater(rangeofdefinition4..100C)
IF(T_M<4D0)T_M=4D0
IF(T_M>100D0)T_M=100D0
N=2.98D14*T_M**48.21D12*T_M**3+8.98D10*T_M**25.19D8*T_M+1.75D6
K=7.33D6*T_M**2+1.85D3*T_M+5.69D1
PR=2.60D7*T_M**47.13D5*T_M**3+7.67D3*T_M**24.26D1*T_M+1.3D1
B=5.18D10*T_M**31.22D7*T_M**2+1.51D5*T_M5.50D5
CASE("STE")!steamwater(rangeofdefinition100..600C)
IF(T_M<100D0)T_M=100D0
IF(T_M>600D0)T_M=600D0
N=1.64D10*T_M**2+8.61D08*T_M+1.07D05
K=1.38D08*T_M**2+7.39D05*T_M+1.65D02
PR=1.0
B=6.32D09*T_M**27.62D06*T_M+0.00349
CASE("OIL")!liquidengineoil(rangeofdefinition0..150C)
IF(T_M<0D0)T_M=0D0
IF(T_M>150D0)T_M=150D0
N=10**(9.83D5*T_M**20.0329*T_M2.42)
K=9.71D2*T_M+1.47D2
PR=10**(9.74D5*T_M**23.19E2*T_M+4.63)
B=0.0007
CASE("EXH")!exhaustgas(rangeofdefinition100..600C)
IF(T_M<100D0)T_M=100D0
IF(T_M>600D0)T_M=600D0
N=8.93D11*T_M**2+8.31D8*T_M+1.16D5
K=1.32D8*T_M**2+7.83D5*T_M+0.0216
PR=2.82D7*T_M**22.39D4*T_M+0.754
B=1.0/(273.0+T_M)!mat.paramofair

CASEDEFAULT
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A)')"ERRORMESSAGEFROMUSERSUBROUTINE:USER_CONV.f90"
WRITE(201,'(A,A8)')"UNSUPPORTEDUSERID:",USERID
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=1
GOTO999
ENDSELECT
IF(N<QUASI0.or.K<QUASI0.or.PR<QUASI0.or.B<QUASI0)THEN
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A,A3)')"INCORRECTINTERPOLATIONFORTEMPERATUREDEPENDENTMATERIAL:",USERID(6:8)
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"BOUNDARYLAYERTEMPERATURE[C]:",T_M
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"=>KINEMATICVISCOSITY[m2/s]:",N
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"=>CONDUCTIVITY[W/mK]:",K
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"=>PRANDTLNUMBER[]:",PR
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"=>THERMALEXPANSIONCOEFF.[1/K]:",B
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=2
GOTO999
ENDIF
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,4(1X,G12.5))')"N,K,PR,B=",N,K,PR,B
IF(USERID(1:2)=="AC")THEN
CASE("PL")
V=DABS(PARAM(2))!fluidvelocity[m/s]
L=DABS(PARAM(3))!charact.length[m]
IF(L<QUASI0)L=L_DEFAULT_PL!defaultchar.lengthforplate
CASE("TB")
V=DABS(PARAM(2))!fluidvelocity[m/s]
L=DABS(PARAM(3))!diameter:charact.length[m]
IF(L<QUASI0)L=L_DEFAULT_TB!defaultdiameter
CASEDEFAULT
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=1
GOTO999
ENDSELECT

220
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,6(1X,G12.5))')"V,L,T,T0,T_M=",V,L,TEMP,AMB_TEMP,T_M
!
!CALC.FORCEDCONVECTIONCOEFF.
!
IF(V>QUASI0)THEN
RE=V*L/N!reynoldsnumber
PR3=PR**0.333
CASE("PL1")!Incropera/DeWitt:sharpedgeplatewithsmoothtransitionbetweenlam.&turb.flow.atRE_CRIT=5E5
NU_FOR_LAM=0.664*RE**0.5*PR3!laminarnusseltnumb.
NU_FOR_TURB=(0.037*RE**0.8871)*PR3!turbulent
NU_FOR=MAX(NU_FOR_LAM,NU_FOR_TURB)
CASE("PL2")!VDI:nonesharpedgeplate,realistivconditions
NU_FOR_LAM=0.664*RE**0.5*PR3!laminarnusseltnumb.
NU_FOR_TURB=0.037*RE**0.8*PR/&
(1.+2.443*RE**(0.1)*(PR**0.6671.))!turbulent
NU_FOR=SQRT(NU_FOR_LAM**2+NU_FOR_TURB**2)
CASE("TBC")!tubecircular
NU_FOR_LAM=3.657!laminarnusseltnumb.
XI=1./(0.79*LOG(RE)1.64)**2
NU_FOR_TURB=(XI/8.)*(RE1000.)*PR/(1.+12.7*SQRT(XI/8.)*(PR**0.6671.))!turbulent
IF(RE<2300.)THEN
NU_FOR=NU_FOR_LAM
ELSE
NU_FOR=NU_FOR_TURB
ENDIF
CASEDEFAULT
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=1
GOTO999
ENDSELECT
HTC_FOR=NU_FOR*K/L !heattransfercoefficient
ELSE
RE=0D0 !forzerovelocity
NU_FOR_LAM=0D0 !...
NU_FOR_TURB=0D0 !
NU_FOR=0D0!
HTC_FOR=0D0 !
IF(USERID(3:5)=="TBC")THEN
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(2A)')"ZEROVELOCITYISNOTAVAILABLEFORTUBE,USERID:",USERID
WRITE(201,'(A)')"FREECONVECTIONMODELDOESNOTEXISTFORTUBES."
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=3
GOTO999
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,5(1X,G12.5))')"RE,NU_FOR_LAM,NU_FOR_TURB,NU_FOR,HTC_FOR=",&
RE,NU_FOR_LAM,NU_FOR_TURB,NU_FOR,HTC_FOR
!
!CALC.FREECONVECTIONCOEFF.
!
IF(USERID(3:4)=="PL")THEN
GR=G*L**3*B*DABS(TEMPAMB_TEMP)/N**2 !grashofnumb.
RA=GR*PR !rayleighnumb.
!caseA:verticalplate
NU_FREE_A=(0.825+0.3246*RA**(1./6.))**2 !nusseltnumb.
HTC_FREE_A=NU_FREE_A*K/L !heattransf.coeff.(caseA)
!caseB:horizontalplate(hottoporcoldbot)
IF(RA<RA_CRIT)THEN
NU_FREE_B=0.54*RA**(1./4.) !laminarfreeconvection:nusseltnumb.
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A)')"CaseB:laminar"
ELSE
NU_FREE_B=0.15*RA**(1./3.) !turbulentfreeconvection:nusseltnumb.
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A)')"CaseB:turbulent"
ENDIF
HTC_FREE_B=NU_FREE_B*K/L!heattransf.coeff.(caseB)
!caseC:horizontalplate(coldtoporhotbot)
NU_FREE_C=0.27*RA**(1./4.) !nusseltnumb.
HTC_FREE_C=NU_FREE_C*K/L !fheattransf.coeff.(caseC)
!mixcasesA,B,C(dep.oninclinationangle)
NZ=VEC_N(3)!=COS(phi_z),phi_z...facetnormalangletowardstheglobalzdirection
SIN2=NZ**2!=(SIN(phi_g))**2,phi_g...facetinclinationangletowardsgarvitvectorg*[0,0,1]
COS2=1.0SIN2!=(COS(phi_g))**2
IF(DEBUG)THEN
WRITE(201,'(A,6(1X,G12.5))')"GR,RA,NZ,COS2,SIN2=",GR,RA,NZ,COS2,SIN2
WRITE(201,'(A,2(1X,G12.5))')"NU_FREE_A,HTC_FREE_A=",NU_FREE_A,HTC_FREE_A
WRITE(201,'(A,2(1X,G12.5))')"NU_FREE_B,HTC_FREE_B=",NU_FREE_B,HTC_FREE_B
WRITE(201,'(A,2(1X,G12.5))')"NU_FREE_C,HTC_FREE_C=",NU_FREE_C,HTC_FREE_C
ENDIF
IF(TEMP<AMB_TEMP)THEN!coldplate
IF(NZ>0)THEN
HTC_FREE=(COS2*HTC_FREE_A**2+SIN2*HTC_FREE_C**2)**0.5
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"COLDTOP:HTC_FREE(AC)=",HTC_FREE
ELSE
HTC_FREE=(COS2*HTC_FREE_A**2+SIN2*HTC_FREE_B**2)**0.5
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"COLDBOT:HTC_FREE(AB)=",HTC_FREE
ENDIF
ELSE!hotplate
IF(NZ>0)THEN
HTC_FREE=(COS2*HTC_FREE_A**2+SIN2*HTC_FREE_B**2)**0.5
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"HOTTOP:HTC_FREE(AB)=",HTC_FREE

ELSE
HTC_FREE=(COS2*HTC_FREE_A**2+SIN2*HTC_FREE_C**2)**0.5
IF(DEBUG)WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"HOTBOT:HTC_FREE(AC)=",HTC_FREE
221
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSE
HTC_FREE=0D0!fornoneplategeometries
ENDIF
!
!MIXFREEANDFORCEDCONVECTIONCOEFF.
!
HTC=(HTC_FOR**3+HTC_FREE**3)**(1./3.)
IF(DEBUG)THEN
WRITE(201,'(A,G12.5)')"HTC_MIX=",HTC
WRITE(201,*)
ENDIF
ELSE
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=1
ENDIF
999CONTINUE
ENDSUBROUTINEUSER_CONVEC

222
USER_HEAT
Returns user-defined heat flux densities for shell elements during the solution process.
The applied heat flux density might be a function of temperature, time, place, element
direction etc.

!
!USERSUBROUTINEUSER_HEAT:CALC.APPLIEDHEATONFE
!
!...calledateachtimestep,nonlin.iteration,sideoffe(pos/neg)
!
!
SUBROUTINEUSER_HEAT(STEP,&!input:currentstepnumber
USERID,&!input:useriddefinedin.inkafile
PID,&!input:groupId(asdefinedintfefile)
EID,&!input:elementId(asdefinedintfefile)
POS,&!input:FEside(positive=1,negative=2)
VEC_X,&!input:componentsofthepositionvector
VEC_N,&!input:componentsofthefacenormalvector(length=1)
TEMP,&!input:averageelementtemperature(atpos/negside)
PARAM,&!input:act.valuesofthebcparameters(asdef.intfefile)
NPARAM,&!input:numberofbcparameters
HEAT,&!output:heatdensity
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_HEAT
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
!INPUTVARIABLES:
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::STEP,NLITER,PID,EID,POS,NPARAM
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::VEC_N(3),VEC_X(3),TIME,TEMP,PARAM(NPARAM)
!OUTPUTVARIABLE:
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(OUT)::HEAT
HEAT=0.D0
!***STARTINDIVIDUALCODINGHERE***
IF(USERID=="QSIN")THEN
HEAT=PARAM(1)*DSIN(3.141*VEC_X(3))!usedforvalidationexample:"tube_closed"
ENDIF
!***STOPINDIVIDUALCODINGHERE***
ENDSUBROUTINEUSER_HEAT

223
USER_INTERFACE
This routine helps the user to control couplings with other solvers

!
!USERSUBROUTINEUSER_INTERFACE
!
!
SUBROUTINEUSER_INTERFACE(STEP,&!input:currentstepnumber
DT_ACT,&!input:currenttimestep
DT_NEXT,&!input/output:nexttimestep
FLAG,&!input:FLAG=reasonforprogramstop
T_END,&!input/output:endingtime
DT_MAX,&!input/output:max.timestep
SSCRT,&!input/output:steadystatecriterion
CONVCRT1,&!input/output:min.rel.residuumtoreachconvergence
CONVCRT2,&!input/output:min.temp.correct.toreachconvergence
MAX_STEP,&!input/output:max.numberofsteps
X_POST,&!input:=.true.ifpostprocessorcalled
T_POST,&!input/output:timefornextcallofpostprocessor
T_LAST,&!input:lasttimetheUSER_INTERFACEhadbeencalled
MAX_FE_TEMP_CORR,&!input:max.temperaturecorrectionatcurrentnonlin.iteration
MAX_FE_RESID,&!input:max.relativeresiduumatcurrentnonlin.iteration
MAX_ABS_DIFF_STEP,&!input:max.abs.temp.differenceintimestep
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_INTERFACE
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
!VARIABLES:
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::STEP,NLITER,FLAG
INTEGER,INTENT(INOUT)::MAX_STEP
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::TIME,DT_ACT,T_LAST,MAX_FE_TEMP_CORR,MAX_FE_RESID,MAX_ABS_DIFF_STEP
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(INOUT)::DT_NEXT,T_END,DT_MAX,SSCRT,CONVCRT1,CONVCRT2,T_POST
LOGICAL,INTENT(IN)::X_POST
!FLAG=1...SOLUTIONCONVERGED,NEXTSTEPWILLSTARTIMMEDIATELYWITHDT=DT_NEXT
!(onlyavailableifUSRINTRFCALL=STEP)
!
!FLAG>1...ENDINGCONDITIONREACHED
!FLAG=2...STEADYSTATECONDITIONREACHEDINATANSIENTANALYSIS
!FLAG=3...ENDTIMEREACHGED
!FLAG=4...MAXIMUMNUMBEROFSTEPSREACHED
!FLAG=5...AIRZONESTOPTEMPERATUREREACHED
!
!FLAG<0...ABNORMALEXIT(allothervariablesgetdefaultvalues,typically0)
!FLAG=1...CONVERGENCENOTPOSSIBLE:INCREASEDRELAXATIONFACTOREXCEEDS0.99
!FLAG=2...CUTBACKERROR:TIMESTEPREDUCTIONNOTPOSSIBLEINATRANSIENT
!ANALYSISWITHFIXEDTIMESTEPS
!FLAG=3...CUTBACKERROR:REDUCEDTIMESTEPISSMALLERTHANMINIMUMTIMESTEP
!FLAG=4...LINEAREQUATIONSOLVER(FE)DIDNOTCONVERGE
!FLAG=5...LINEAREQUATIONSOLVER(GREYBODY)DIDNOTCONVERGE
!FLAG=100...PREPROC.EXITWITHERRORS
!FLAG=200...SOLVEREXITWITHINTERNALERROR
!***STARTINDIVIDUALCODINGHERE***
!***STOPINDIVIDUALCODINGHERE***
ENDSUBROUTINEUSER_INTERFACE

224
USER_MANFIALA_ASF
Active system functions for the manikin FIALA-FE controlling vasoconstriction,
vasodilatation, sweating and shivering during the solution process.
References:
- Theory Manual Chapter 3.2.1-4
- Fiala D. 1998. Dynamic Simulation of Human Heat Transfer and Thermal Comfort,
PhD thesis, De Montfort University, Leicester
!
!USERSUBROUTINEUSER_MANFIALA_ASF:
!
!
!
SUBROUTINEUSER_MANFIALA_ASF(TIME,&!input:analysistime
DT_HYP,&!input:hypothalamustemperaturederivationtowardssetpoint
DT_SK_M,&!input:meanskintemperaturederivationtowardssetpoint
DDT_SK_M,&!input:meanskintemperatureveloci
ACTIVE_SH,&!output:activesystemfunctionSH...shivering
ACTIVE_CS,&!output:activesystemfunctionCS...vasoconstriction
ACTIVE_SW,&!output:activesystemfunctionSH...sweating
ACTIVE_DL,&!output:activesystemfunctionSH...vasodilatation
ERR)!output:errorcode(defaul:0)
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ASF
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
!INPUTVARIABLES:
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::TIME,DT_HYP,DT_SK_M,DDT_SK_M
!OUTPUTVARIABLES:
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(OUT)::ACTIVE_SH,ACTIVE_CS,ACTIVE_SW,ACTIVE_DL
!INTERNALVARIABLES:
INTEGER::DYN
!shiveringfunction...
!
DYN=1
IF(DDT_SK_M>0D0.OR.DT_SK_M>0D0)DYN=0!switchdynamiceffectsoff
ACTIVE_SH=10D0*(DTANH(0.51D0*DT_SK_M+4.19D0)1D0)*DT_SK_M&
27.5D0*DT_HYP28.2D0+1.9D0*DT_SK_M*DDT_SK_M*DYN
IF(ACTIVE_SH<0D0)ACTIVE_SH=0D0!lowerlimit
IF(ACTIVE_SH>350D0)ACTIVE_SH=350D0!upperlimit
!vasoconstrictionfunction...
!
DYN=1
IF(DDT_SK_M>0D0.OR.DT_SK_M>0D0)DYN=0!switchdynamiceffectsoff
ACTIVE_CS=35D0*(DTANH(0.29D0*DT_SK_M+1.11D0)1D0)*DT_SK_M&
7.7*DT_HYP+3.0D0*DT_SK_M*DDT_SK_M*DYN
IF(ACTIVE_CS<0D0)ACTIVE_CS=0D0!lowerlimit
!vasodilationfunction...
!
ACTIVE_DL=16D0*(DTANH(1.92D0*DT_SK_M2.53D0)+1D0)*DT_SK_M&
+30D0*(DTANH(3.51D0*DT_HYP1.48D0)+1D0)*DT_HYP
IF(ACTIVE_DL<0D0)ACTIVE_DL=0D0!lowerlimit
!sweatingfunction...
!
ACTIVE_SW=(0.65D0*DTANH(0.82D0*DT_SK_M0.47D0)+1.15D0)*DT_SK_M&
+(5.6*DTANH(3.14D0*DT_HYP1.83D0)+6.4D0)*DT_HYP
IF(ACTIVE_SW<0D0)ACTIVE_SW=0D0!lowerlimit
IF(ACTIVE_SW>30D0)ACTIVE_SW=30D0!upperlimit
ENDSUBROUTINEUSER_MANFIALA_ASF

225
USER_MANFIALA_ISO
Local comfort index for the manikin FIALA-FE according to ISO.
References:
- ISO 14505-2:2006

DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ISO(time,MID,be_name,sec_name,clothing,T_EQ,param1,ERR)
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ISO
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::MID!manikinID
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::be_name!bodyelementname(asdefinedinKeywordMANFBEL)
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::sec_name!sectorelementname(asdefinedinKeywordMANFSEC)
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::clothing!SUMMERorWINTER(asdefinedinKeywordMANFISO)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::T_EQ!equivalenttemperature
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::time!analysistime
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::param1(10)!parametersfromKeywordMANFPA1
INTEGER,INTENT(out)::ERR!errorcode(default:0)
USER_MANFIALA_ISO=0D0!default(notassignedISOindex)
if(T_EQ>998D0)THEN!checkifequiv.temp.calc.didconverge
!
if(index(be_name,"LEG")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"FEET")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"FOOT")>0)then!region:a,b,c,d,e,f
!
if(clothing=="SUMMER")then
if(T_EQ<17.0D0)USER_MANFIALA_ISO=1D0
if(T_EQ>=17.0D0.and.T_EQ<21.2D0)USER_MANFIALA_ISO=2D0
if(T_EQ>=30.0D0)USER_MANFIALA_ISO=5D0
elseif(clothing=="WINTER")then
endif
!
elseif(index(be_name,"HAND")>0)then!region:g,h
!
endif
!
elseif(index(be_name,"ARM")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"SHOU")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"SHLD")>0)then!region:i,j,k,l
!
endif
!
elseif(index(be_name,"THORAX")>0.or.&
226
index(be_name,"ABDOMEN")>0)then
!
if(index(sec_name,"POS")>0)then!region:m
else!region:n
endif
endif
!
elseif(index(be_name,"HEAD")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"NECK")>0.or.&
index(be_name,"FACE")>0)then!region:o,p
!
endif
endif
endif
ENDFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ISO

227
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO
Global comfort index for the manikin FIALA-FE.
References:
- Zhang, H. 2003. Human Thermal Sensation and Comfort in Transient and Non-
Uniform Thermal Environments. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkley.

DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO(debug,time,MID,nmax,be_names,sec_names,LC,areas,rule,param3,err)
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO
#endif

IMPLICITNONE
LOGICAL,INTENT(IN)::debug
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::time
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::MID!ext.manikinID
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::nmax!totalnumberofsectorspermanikin
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::be_names(nmax)!bodyelementnames(asdefinedinKeywordMANFBEL)
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::sec_names(nmax)!sectornames(asdefinedinKeywordMANFSEC)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::LC(nmax)!sectorlocalcomfortindex(ascalculatedwithUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::areas(nmax)!sectorareas
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::rule!ruleid(1,2)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::param3(nmax,15)!parametersfromKeywordMANFPA3
INTEGER,INTENT(OUT)::err!errorcode(default:0)
!internvariables
INTEGER,PARAMETER::mx_bpid=18
DOUBLEPRECISION,DIMENSION(mx_bpid)::LCn,Wn,bp_areas
DOUBLEPRECISION::LC0,max_LC,min1_LC,min2_LC
CHARACTER(LEN=26)::zhang_names(mx_bpid),name0
INTEGER::n,hits(mx_bpid),bpid
err=0!default(setERR>0tocreatesanerrormessageandterminatethesolver)
LCn=0D0
hits=0
bp_areas=0D0
zhang_names(1)="Head"
zhang_names(2)="Neck"
zhang_names(3)="Face"
zhang_names(4)="Chest"
zhang_names(5)="Back"
zhang_names(6)="Pelvis"
zhang_names(7)="Upperarmleft"
zhang_names(8)="Upperarmright"
zhang_names(9)="Lowerarmleft"
zhang_names(10)="Lowerarmright"
zhang_names(11)="Handleft"
zhang_names(12)="Handright"
zhang_names(13)="Tighleft=upperlegleft"
zhang_names(14)="Tighright=upperlegright"
zhang_names(15)="Lowerlegleft"
zhang_names(16)="Lowerlegright"
zhang_names(17)="Footleft"
zhang_names(18)="Footright"
don=1,nmax
!BodyPartAssignment
if(index(be_names(n),"HEAD")>0)then
bpid=1!ZhangBodyPart:Head
elseif(index(be_names(n),"NECK")>0)then
bpid=2!ZhangBodyPart:Neck
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FACE")>0)then
bpid=3!ZhangBodyPart:Face
elseif(index(be_names(n),"THORAX")>0)then
if(index(sec_names(n),"POS")>0)then
bpid=5!ZhangBodyPart:Back
else
bpid=4!ZhangBodyPart:Chest
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ABDOMEN")>0)then
bpid=6!ZhangBodyPart:Pelvis
228
elseif(index(be_names(n),"SHLD")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=7!ZhangBodyPart:Upperarmleft
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ARM")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
if(index(sec_names(n),"UP")>0)then
else
bpid=9!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerarmleft
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"SHLD")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=8!ZhangBodyPart:Upperarmright
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ARM")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
else
bpid=10!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerarmright
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"HAND")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=11!ZhangBodyPart:Handleft
elseif(index(be_names(n),"HAND")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=12!ZhangBodyPart:Handright
elseif(index(be_names(n),"LEG")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=13!ZhangBodyPart:Tighleft=upperlegleft
else
bpid=15!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerlegleft
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"LEG")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=14!ZhangBodyPart:Tighright=upperlegright
else
bpid=16!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerlegright
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FOOT")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=17!ZhangBodyPart:Footleft
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FOOT")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=18!ZhangBodyPart:Footright
else
bpid=0
err=1!BODYPARTASSIGNMENTFAILED
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A)')"ERRORMESSAGEFROMUSERSUBROUTINE:USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO.f90"
WRITE(201,'(A,I3,4A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFAILEDFORMANIKIN:",MID,&
",BODYELEMENT:",be_names(n),",SECTOR:",sec_names(n)
WRITE(201,*)
endif
if(bpid>0)then
!write(201,'(6A,A,I2)')"Assigned:",be_names(n),",",sec_names(n),"=",zhang_names(bpid),",bpid:",bpid
bp_areas(bpid)=bp_areas(bpid)+areas(n)
LCn(bpid)=LCn(bpid)+LC(n)*areas(n)
hits(bpid)=hits(bpid)+1
endif
enddo
if(err==0)then
!calc.areaweighted:SLn
dobpid=1,mx_bpid
if(hits(bpid)>0)LCn(bpid)=LCn(bpid)/bp_areas(bpid)
enddo
!bubblesortlocalcomfortindices
don=1,mx_bpid1
dobpid=1,mx_bpid1
if(LCn(bpid)<LCn(bpid+1))then
LC0=LCn(bpid)
name0=zhang_names(bpid)
LCn(bpid)=LCn(bpid+1)
zhang_names(bpid)=zhang_names(bpid+1)
LCn(bpid+1)=LC0
zhang_names(bpid+1)=name0
endif
enddo
enddo
!calc.globalcomfortindex
max_LC=LCn(1)
min1_LC=LCn(mx_bpid)
min2_LC=LCn(mx_bpid1)
if((zhang_names(mx_bpid)(1:4)=="Foot".and.zhang_names(mx_bpid1)(1:4)=="Foot").or.&
(zhang_names(mx_bpid)(1:4)=="Hand".and.zhang_names(mx_bpid1)(1:4)=="Hand"))then
min2_LC=LCn(mx_bpid2)!replace2ndlowestvoteby3rdlowestvotes
endif
if(rule==1)USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO=(1D0/2D0)*(min1_LC+min2_LC)
if(rule==2)USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO=(1D0/3D0)*(min1_LC+min2_LC+max_LC)
!writeoutsortedcomfortindices
if(debug)then
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"INFOFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
write(201,'(A)')"Sortedlocalcomfortvotesperbodypart..."
229
dobpid=1,mx_bpid
write(201,'(1X,I2,3A,G12.5)')bpid,"bpname:",zhang_names(bpid),",LC:",LCn(bpid)
enddo
endif
if(debug)then
if(rule==1)WRITE(201,'(3(A,G12.5))')"Globalcomfortindicesderivedforrule1:min1_LC,min2_LC,max_LC,Co=",&
min1_LC,",",min2_LC,",",USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO
if(rule==2)WRITE(201,'(4(A,G12.5))')"Globalcomfortindicesderivedforrule2:min1_LC,min2_LC,max_LC,Co=",&
min1_LC,",",min2_LC,",",max_LC,",",USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO
endif
endif
ENDFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_CO

230
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC
Local comfort index for the manikin FIALA-FE.
References:

DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC(debug,time,MID,be_name,sec_name,SO,SL,param3,err)

#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC
#endif

IMPLICITNONE
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::sec_name!sectorname(asdefinedinKeywordMANFSEC)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::time,SO,SL
!internvariables
DOUBLEPRECISION::C31,C32,C6,C71,C72,C8,n
DOUBLEPRECISION::C3,C7,le_slope,ri_slope,LCmax,offset,LC,f
CHARACTER(LEN=10)::zhang_name
!BodyPartAssignment
if(index(be_name,"HEAD")>0)then
C31=0.0;C32=1.39;C6=1.27;C71=0.28;C72=0.4;C8=0.5;n=2.0;zhang_name="Head"!ZhangBodyPart:Head
elseif(index(be_name,"NECK")>0)then
C31=0.0;C32=0.0;C6=1.96;C71=0.0;C72=0.0;C8=0.19;n=1.0;zhang_name="Neck"
elseif(index(be_name,"FACE")>0)then
C31=0.11;C32=0.11;C6=2.02;C71=0.0;C72=0.4;C8=0.41;n=1.5;zhang_name="Face"
elseif(index(be_name,"THORAX")>0)then
if(index(sec_name,"POS")>0)then
C31=0.50;C32=0.59;C6=2.22;C71=0.74;C72=0.0;C8=0.0;n=1.0;zhang_name="Back"
else
C31=1.15;C32=0.0;C6=1.88;C71=0.92;C72=0.0;C8=0.0;n=1.5;zhang_name="Chest"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"ABDOMEN")>0)then
C31=1.0;C32=0.38;C6=2.7;C71=0.83;C72=0.64;C8=0.75;n=1.0;zhang_name="Pelvis"
elseif(index(be_name,"SHLD")>0)then
C31=0.43;C32=0.0;C6=2.2;C71=0.0;C72=0.0;C8=0.33;n=1.0;zhang_name="Upperarm"
elseif(index(be_name,"ARM")>0)then
if(index(sec_name,"UP")>0)then
C31=0.43;C32=0.0;C6=2.2;C71=0.0;C72=0.0;C8=0.33;n=1.0;zhang_name="Upperarm"
else
C31=1.64;C32=0.34;C6=2.38;C71=1.18;C72=0.28;C8=0.41;n=1.0;zhang_name="Lowerarm"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"HAND")>0)then
C31=0.8;C32=0.8;C6=1.99;C71=0.48;C72=0.48;C8=0.0;n=1.0;zhang_name="Hand"
elseif(index(be_name,"LEG")>0)then
C31=0.0;C32=0.0;C6=1.98;C71=0.0;C72=0.0;C8=0.0;n=1.0;zhang_name="Tigh"
else
C31=1.0;C32=1.5;C6=1.27;C71=0.4;C72=1.22;C8=0.36;n=1.5;zhang_name="Lowerleg"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"FOOT")>0)then
C31=2.31;C32=0.21;C6=1.62;C71=0.5;C72=0.3;C8=0.25;n=2.0;zhang_name="Foot"
else
err=1!BODYPARTASSIGNMENTFAILEDD
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"ERRORFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
WRITE(201,'(4A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFAILEDFORBODYELEMENT:",be_name,",SECTOR:",sec_name
WRITE(201,*)
endif

if(debug)then
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"INFOFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
WRITE(201,'(6A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFORBODYELEMENT:",be_name,&
",SECTOR:",sec_name,"=>",zhang_name
endif

if(err==0)then
if(SO<0D0)then
C3=C31
231
C7=C71
else
C3=C32
C7=C72
endif
offset=C8+C3*abs(SO)
LCmax=C6+C7*abs(SO)
if(LCmax>4D0)LCmax=4D0
if(LCmax<4D0)LCmax=4D0
le_slope=(4D0+LCmax)/abs(4D0+offset)**n
ri_slope=(4D0LCmax)/abs(4D0+offset)**n
f=abs(SL+offset)**n
if(SL+offset<0)f=f
LC=((le_sloperi_slope)/(DEXP(5D0*(SL+offset))+1D0)+ri_slope)*f+LCmax
if(LC>4D0)LC=4D0
if(LC<4D0)LC=4D0
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(2(A,G12.5))')"Inputdata:SL,SO=",SL,",",SO
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(6(A,G12.5))')"Comfortcalculation;offset,LCmax,le_slope,ri_slope,f,LC=",offset,&
",",LCmax,",",le_slope,",",ri_slope,",",f,",",LC
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC=LC
endif
ENDFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_LC

232
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL
Local sensation index for the manikin FIALA-FE.
References:

DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL(debug,time,MID,be_name,sec_name,&
DT_SK,DT_SK_M,DT_SK_DT,DT_HYP_DT,param2,err)

#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL
#endif

IMPLICITNONE
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::sec_name!sectorelementname(asdefinedinKeywordMANFSEC)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::DT_SK!T_skin_localT_skin_local_set
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::DT_SK_M!T_mean_skin_localT_mean_skin_local_set
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::DT_SK_DT!d(T_skin)/dt
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::DT_HYP_DT!d(T_hypothalamus)/dt
!internvariables
DOUBLEPRECISION::C1neg,C1pos,C2neg,C2p,C3
DOUBLEPRECISION::C1,K1,C2,A,B,SL_static,SL_dynamic,SL
CHARACTER(LEN=10)::zhang_name
zhang_name="failed"!default
!BodyPartAssignment
if(index(be_name,"HEAD")>0)then
C1neg=0.38;C1pos=1.32;K1=0.18;C2neg=543;C2p=90;C3=0;zhang_name="Head"
elseif(index(be_name,"FACE")>0)then
C1neg=0.15;C1pos=0.7;K1=0.1;C2neg=37;C2p=105;C3=2289;zhang_name="Face"
elseif(index(be_name,"NECK")>0)then
C1neg=0.4;C1pos=1.25;K1=0.15;C2neg=173;C2p=217;C3=0;zhang_name="Neck"
elseif(index(be_name,"THORAX")>0)then
if(index(sec_name,"POS")>0)then
C1neg=0.3;C1pos=0.7;K1=0.1;C2neg=88;C2p=192;C3=4054;zhang_name="Back"
else
C1neg=0.35;C1pos=0.6;K1=0.1;C2neg=39;C2p=136;C3=2135;zhang_name="Chest"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"ABDOMEN")>0)then
C1neg=0.2;C1pos=0.4;K1=0.15;C2neg=75;C2p=137;C3=5053;zhang_name="Pelvis"
elseif(index(be_name,"SHLD")>0)then
C1neg=0.29;C1pos=0.4;K1=0.1;C2neg=156;C2p=167;C3=0;zhang_name="Upperarm"
elseif(index(be_name,"ARM")>0)then
C1neg=0.29;C1pos=0.4;K1=0.1;C2neg=156;C2p=167;C3=0;zhang_name="Upperarm"
else
C1neg=0.3;C1pos=0.7;K1=0.1;C2neg=144;C2p=125;C3=0;zhang_name="Lowerarm"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"HAND")>0)then
C1neg=0.2;C1pos=0.45;K1=0.15;C2neg=19;C2p=46;C3=0;zhang_name="Hand"
elseif(index(be_name,"LEG")>0)then
C1neg=0.2;C1pos=0.29;K1=0.11;C2neg=151;C2p=263;C3=0;zhang_name="Thigh"
else
C1neg=0.29;C1pos=0.4;K1=0.1;C2neg=206;C2p=212;C3=0;zhang_name="Lowerleg"
endif
elseif(index(be_name,"FOOT")>0)then
C1neg=0.25;C1pos=0.26;K1=0.15;C2neg=109;C2p=162;C3=0;zhang_name="Foot"
else
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"ERRORFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
WRITE(201,'(4A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFAILEDFORBODYELEMENT:",be_name,",SECTOR:",sec_name
WRITE(201,*)
endif
if(debug)then
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"INFOFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
WRITE(201,'(6A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFORBODYELEMENT:",be_name,&
233
",SECTOR:",sec_name,"=>",zhang_name
endif
if(err==0)then
if(DT_SK<0D0)then
C1=C1neg
else
C1=C1pos
endif
if(DT_SK_DT<0D0)then
C2=C2neg
else
C2=C2p
endif
A=C1*DT_SK
B=K1*(DT_SKDT_SK_M)
SL_static=4D0*(2D0/(1D0+EXP(A+B))1D0)
SL_dynamic=C2*DT_SK_DT+C3*DT_HYP_DT

SL=SL_static+SL_dynamic
if(SL>4D0)SL=4D0
if(SL<4D0)SL=4D0
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(2(A,G12.5))')"Staticinputdata:DT_SK,DT_SK_M=",DT_SK,",",DT_SK_M
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(2(A,G12.5))')"Dynamicinputdata:DT_SK_DT,DT_HYP_DT=",DT_SK_DT,",",DT_HYP_DT
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(3(A,G12.5))')"Localsensationindicesderived:SL_static,SL_dynamic,SL=",SL_static,&
",",SL_dynamic,",",SL
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL=SL
endif

ENDFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL

234
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO
Global sensation index for the manikin FIALA-FE.
References:

DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO(debug,time,MID,nmax,be_names,sec_names,SL,areas,param2,err)

#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO
#endif

IMPLICITNONE
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::nmax!totalnumberofsectorspermanikin
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::be_names(nmax)!bodyelementnames(asdefinedinKeywordMANFBEL)
CHARACTER(LEN=8),INTENT(IN)::sec_names(nmax)!sectornames(asdefinedinKeywordMANFSEC)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::SL(nmax)!sectorlocalsensationindex(ascalculatedwithUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SL)
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::areas(nmax)!sectorareas
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::param2(nmax,15)!parametersfromKeywordMANFPA2
!internvariables
INTEGER,PARAMETER::mx_bpid=18
DOUBLEPRECISION::SLn(mx_bpid),Wn(mx_bpid),a(2,mx_bpid),SM,bp_areas(mx_bpid),aa(mx_bpid)
CHARACTER(LEN=26)::zhang_names(mx_bpid)
INTEGER::n,hits(mx_bpid),bpid
a(1,1)=0.13;a(2,1)=0.21;zhang_names(1)="Head"
a(1,2)=0.13;a(2,2)=0.23;zhang_names(2)="Neck"
a(1,3)=0.15;a(2,3)=0.30;zhang_names(3)="Face"
a(1,4)=0.23;a(2,4)=0.23;zhang_names(4)="Chest"
a(1,5)=0.23;a(2,5)=0.24;zhang_names(5)="Back"
a(1,6)=0.17;a(2,6)=0.15;zhang_names(6)="Pelvis"
a(1,7)=0.10;a(2,7)=0.14;zhang_names(7)="Upperarmleft"
a(1,8)=0.10;a(2,8)=0.14;zhang_names(8)="Upperarmright"
a(1,9)=0.10;a(2,9)=0.14;zhang_names(9)="Lowerarmleft"
a(1,10)=0.10;a(2,10)=0.14;zhang_names(10)="Lowerarmright"
a(1,11)=0.04;a(2,11)=0.04;zhang_names(11)="Handleft"
a(1,12)=0.04;a(2,12)=0.04;zhang_names(12)="Handright"
a(1,13)=0.13;a(2,13)=0.26;zhang_names(13)="Tighleft=upperlegleft"
a(1,14)=0.13;a(2,14)=0.26;zhang_names(14)="Tighright=upperlegright"
a(1,15)=0.13;a(2,15)=0.26;zhang_names(15)="Lowerlegleft"
a(1,16)=0.13;a(2,16)=0.26;zhang_names(16)="Lowerlegright"
a(1,17)=0.09;a(2,17)=0.14;zhang_names(17)="Footleft"
a(1,18)=0.09;a(2,18)=0.14;zhang_names(18)="Footright"
SLn=0D0
SM=0D0
hits=0
bp_areas=0D0
USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO=0D0
if(debug)then
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"INFOFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
endif
!BodyPartAssignment
don=1,nmax
if(index(be_names(n),"HEAD")>0)then
bpid=1!ZhangBodyPart:Head
elseif(index(be_names(n),"NECK")>0)then
bpid=2!ZhangBodyPart:Neck
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FACE")>0)then
bpid=3!ZhangBodyPart:Face
elseif(index(be_names(n),"THORAX")>0)then
if(index(sec_names(n),"POS")>0)then
bpid=5!ZhangBodyPart:Back
235
else
bpid=4!ZhangBodyPart:Chest
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ABDOMEN")>0)then
bpid=6!ZhangBodyPart:Pelvis
elseif(index(be_names(n),"SHLD")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ARM")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
else
bpid=9!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerarmleft
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"SHLD")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
elseif(index(be_names(n),"ARM")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
else
bpid=10!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerarmright
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"HAND")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=11!ZhangBodyPart:Handleft
elseif(index(be_names(n),"HAND")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=12!ZhangBodyPart:Handright
elseif(index(be_names(n),"LEG")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=13!ZhangBodyPart:Tighleft=upperlegleft
else
bpid=15!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerlegleft
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"LEG")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=14!ZhangBodyPart:Tighright=upperlegright
else
bpid=16!ZhangBodyPart:Lowerlegright
endif
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FOOT")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"LE")>0)then
bpid=17!ZhangBodyPart:Footleft
elseif(index(be_names(n),"FOOT")>0.and.index(be_names(n),"RI")>0)then
bpid=18!ZhangBodyPart:Footright
else
bpid=0
WRITE(201,*)
write(201,'(A,I3,A,G12.5,A)')"ERRORFROMUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO.f90forManikin",MID,"attime",time,"s"
WRITE(201,'(4A)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFAILEDFORBODYELEMENT:",be_names(n),&
",SECTOR:",sec_names(n)
WRITE(201,*)
endif
if(bpid>0)then
if(debug)WRITE(201,'(4A,2(A,G12.5),3A,I2)')"BODYPARTASSIGNEMNTFORBODYELEMENT:",be_names(n),&
",SECTOR:",sec_names(n),&
",area:",areas(n),",Sl:",Sl(n),&
"=>",zhang_names(bpid),&
",bodypartid(bp_id):",bpid
bp_areas(bpid)=bp_areas(bpid)+areas(n)
SLn(bpid)=SLn(bpid)+SL(n)*areas(n)
hits(bpid)=hits(bpid)+1
endif
enddo
if(err==0)then
!calc.areaweighted:SM(meansensationindex)
SM=sum(SLn)/sum(bp_areas)
!calc.areaweighted:SLn
dobpid=1,mx_bpid
if(hits(bpid)>0)SLn(bpid)=SLn(bpid)/bp_areas(bpid)
enddo
!calc.weightingfactors
dobpid=1,mx_bpid
if(hits(bpid)>0)then
if(SLn(bpid)SM<0)then
aa(bpid)=a(1,bpid)
else
aa(bpid)=a(2,bpid)
endif
Wn(bpid)=aa(bpid)*(SLn(bpid)SM)
else
Wn(bpid)=0D0
endif
enddo
!calc.overallsensationindex
if(sum(Wn)>0D0)USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO=sum(SLn*Wn)/sum(Wn)
if(debug)then
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(I3,10X))')"bp_id=",(bpid,bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"areas=",(bp_areas(bpid),bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"Sl_bp=",(SLn(bpid),bpid=1,18)
236
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"Sl_bpSm=",(SLn(bpid)SM,bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"a_1=",(a(1,bpid),bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"a_2=",(a(2,bpid),bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"a=",(aa(bpid),bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"w_bp=",(Wn(bpid),bpid=1,18)
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"Meansensationindex,Sm=",SM
WRITE(201,'(A,18(G12.5,1X))')"Overallsensationindex,So=",USER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO
endif
endif
ENDFUNCTIONUSER_MANFIALA_ZHANG_SO

237
USER_VENT

This user subroutine enables to define flow rate and ventilation outlet temperature as
functions of the input variables.

!
!USERSUBROUTINEUSER_VENT:CALC.FLOWRATESANDOUTLETTEMPERATURESFORVENTILATIONS
!
!...calledateachtimestep,nonlin.iteration
!
!
SUBROUTINEUSER_VENT(STEP,&!input:currentstepnumber
USERID,&!input:useriddefinedin.inkafile
AID_src,&!input:sourceAirzoneId(asdefinedintfefile)
T_src,&!input:sourceAirzonetemperature
X_src,&!input:sourceAirzoneabs.humidity
RELF_src,&!input:sourceAirzonerel.humidity
AID_tar,&!input:targetAirzoneId(asdefinedintfefile)
T_tar,&!input:targetAirzonetemperature
X_tar,&!input:targetAirzoneabs.humidity
RELF_tar,&!input:targetAirzonerel.humidity
PARAM,&!input:act.valuesoftheuserparameters(asdef.intfefile)
NPARAM,&!input:max.numberofuserparameters
FLOW_RATE,&!input/output:flowrate
T_out,&!input/output:ventilationoutlettemperature
#ifdef__WINDOWS
!DEC$ATTRIBUTESDLLEXPORT::USER_VENT
#endif
IMPLICITNONE
!INPUTVARIABLES:
INTEGER,INTENT(IN)::STEP,NLITER,AID_SRC,AID_TAR,NPARAM
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::TIME,T_src,X_src,RELF_src,T_tar,X_tar,RELF_tar
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(IN)::PARAM(NPARAM)
!OUTPUTVARIABLE:
DOUBLEPRECISION,INTENT(INOUT)::FLOW_RATE,T_out
!INTERNVARIABLESUserID:H_HEAT
!constants
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::cp_air=1.0E3!J/kgK
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::cp_steam=1.86E3!J/kgK
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::lambda=2.256E6!J/kg
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::RR=287.1/462.0
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::p_airz=1013E2!Pa
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::tol=1E6!Pa
!nonconstants
DOUBLEPRECISION::H_heat,h_src,dT,X_out,phi_out,T_out0,X_out0
INTEGER::loop
!functions
DOUBLEPRECISION::p_steam,p_steam_sat
!INTERNVARIABLESUserID:V5...
!constants
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::PI=3.141592653590
!nonconstants
DOUBLEPRECISION::PHI,v,L,A,TAIR,TGRP
IF(USERID(1:6)=="H_HEAT")THEN
FLOW_RATE=PARAM(1)!!!onlyforMASSflowrate!!!
IF(FLOW_RATE<TOL)THEN
ERR=3
goto999
ELSE
H_heat=PARAM(2)
loop=0
h_src=(cp_air*T_src+X_src*(cp_steam*T_src+lambda))/(1.0+X_src)
X_out=X_src
T_out=(H_heat/FLOW_RATE+h_srcX_out*lambda/(1.0+X_out))*((1.0+X_out)/(cp_air+X_out*cp_steam))
phi_out=100.0*p_steam(X_out)/p_steam_sat(T_out)
if(phi_out>100.0)then
dT=1.0!initialdefault
dowhile(dT>0.001)
loop=loop+1
if(loop==100)then
238
ERR=2
goto999
endif
!storelastresults
T_out0=T_out
X_out0=X_out
!updateX_out
X_out=p_steam_sat(T_out)*RR/(p_airzp_steam_sat(T_out))
X_out=(X_out+X_out0)/2.0!relaxation
!updateT_out
T_out=(H_heat/FLOW_RATE+h_srcX_out*lambda/(1.0+X_out))*((1.0+X_out)/(cp_air+X_out*cp_steam))
T_out=(T_out+T_out0)/2.0!relaxation
dT=dabs(T_outT_out0)
enddo
endif
ENDIF
ELSEIF(USERID(1:2)=="V5")THEN
A=PARAM(1)
L=PARAM(2)
TAIR=PARAM(3)
TGRP=PARAM(4)
IF(USERID=="V5_FLOW1")THEN
PHI=60.D0
ELSEIF(USERID=="V5_FLOW2")THEN
PHI=65.D0
ELSE
PHI=PARAM(5)
ENDIF
v=L*COS((PHI*PI)/180.)*(3.924(3.924*(273.15+TAIR)**1.00336)/((273.15+TGRP)**1.00336))
FLOW_RATE=v*A
IF(FLOW_RATE<=0.D0)FLOW_RATE=0.D0
ELSE
WRITE(201,*)
WRITE(201,'(A)')"ERRORMESSAGEFROMUSERSUBROUTINE:USER_VENT.f90"
WRITE(201,*)
ERR=1
ENDIF
999CONTINUE
ENDSUBROUTINEUSER_VENT
!FunctionsforUSERID=H_HEAT
DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONp_steam(X)
IMPLICITNONE
DOUBLEPRECISIONX
!intern
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::RR=287.1/462.0
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::p_airz=1012E2!Pa
p_steam=X*p_airz/(RR+X)
ENDFUNCTIONp_steam
DOUBLEPRECISIONFUNCTIONp_steam_sat(T)
IMPLICITNONE
DOUBLEPRECISIONT
!intern
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::A(1:2)=(/5.9705,11.848/)
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::B(1:2)=(/1602.97,3916.43/)
DOUBLEPRECISION,PARAMETER::C(1:2)=(/144.596,230.990/)
IF(T<0.0)p_steam_sat=DEXP(A(1)B(1)/(C(1)+T))*1E5
IF(T>=0.0)p_steam_sat=DEXP(A(2)B(2)/(C(2)+T))*1E5
ENDFUNCTIONp_steam_sat

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