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Phased Array Antenna Calibration Method in Operating Condition - Rev Method

A review on recent phased array antenna technologies is presented. The technologies referred to in this presentation are antenna calibration, low sidelobe pattern synthesis for conformal array antennas and density tapering for active phased array antennas.

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Matthew Carter
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473 views

Phased Array Antenna Calibration Method in Operating Condition - Rev Method

A review on recent phased array antenna technologies is presented. The technologies referred to in this presentation are antenna calibration, low sidelobe pattern synthesis for conformal array antennas and density tapering for active phased array antennas.

Uploaded by

Matthew Carter
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEOS-SAR01-085

PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA CALIBRATION METHOD IN OPERATING CONDITION - REV METHOD Isamu Chiba(1), Nobuo Kumagae(2), Rumiko Yonezawa(1), Ken-ichi Hariu(1), and Naoya Morita(1) (1) Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 325 Kamimachiya, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8520, Japan Phone : 0467-41-6165 / Fax : 0467-41-6952 Email : Isamu.Chiba@kama.melco.co.jp (2) Japan Resources Observation System Organization 2-20-1 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan

ABSTRACT
A review on recent phased array antenna technologies is presented. The technologies referred to in this presentation are antenna calibration, low sidelobe pattern synthesis for conformal array antennas and density tapering for active phased array antennas.

& E
0

Ei e

j i

1. REV METHOD
To realize an active phased array system, precise phased array antenna calibration is necessary. The Rotating Element electric-field Vector (REV) method[1] is a method to determine the amplitude and phase values of the electric field vector radiated from each antenna element of a phased array under operation. Figure 1 shows the configuration of a phased array used as a receiving antenna. As shown in Figure 2, the composite electric field vector of the antenna array of Figure.1 in a specific direction is a superposition of the electric field vectors of the antenna elements. When the phase of an antenna element is changed by controlling the phase shifter, the composite field vector varies as the element field vector rotates. Measuring the amplitude variation of the composite vector, the amplitude and phase of the element can be determined as described hereafter. In Figure 2, the amplitude and phase of the composite field vector in the initial state are denoted by E0 and 0 , and those of the i-th element

E0e j

Figure 2. Composite field vector of a phased array antenna


Figure 3 indicates that the composite power varies sinusoidally as the phase of one of the elements changes. The relative amplitude K and relative phase X of the element are determined by the following equations[3]:

by Ei and i . When the phase of the i-th element is varied by , the composite field can be expressed as:

K=

1 + 2 cos 0 +
2

(3)

&= E e j 0 E e ji + E e j (i + ) E 0 i i

(1)

Here, the relative amplitude and relative phase of the i-th element are defined as follows:

sin 0 X = tan 1 cos + 0

(4)

E K= i, E0

X = i 0

(2)

Phase shifters

where is r 1 and r is the ratio of the maximum and r +1 minimum of the composite power, and 0 is the phase that gives the maximum value of the composite power. Here, we can detect the relative amplitude and phase distribution of the phased array in operation by changing the phase of each element one by one and measuring the change of the composite power.

E1e
Combiner

j 1 j
2

E2e

Max Power

EN-1e ENe

N-1

Min

Phase variation

Figure 1. Configuration of a phased array antenna.

Figure 3. Phase variation vs. composite power.

CEOS-SAR01-085

C0i
Figure 4 shows the low sidelobe pattern calibrated with REV method. This result verified that REV method is effective for accurate calibration of phased array antennas.

experim ented calculated

Tx

Rx

Figure 5. Configuration of On Board REV antenna.

3. REFERENCES
Figure 4. Resultant radiation pattern.
[1] S.Mano and T.Katagi :Trans. IECE Japan, J65-B, 5, pp.555-560,1982. [2] R.Yonezawa , I. Chiba and T. Katagi: IEEE Trans on AP,Vol.AP-47, No.3, 1998.

2. ON BOARD REV METHOD


For phased array antennas used in satellite or other mobiles, calibration must be carried out under actual operating condition, in most cases on the antenna apparatus. We call this condition as "On Board". REV can be applied to this "On Board" case. The procedure of this On Board REV is as follows: (1) Measure the electric field of mutual coupling (C0i) by REV method on Assembly Integration Test in a factory or test field. We call this as AIT. (2) Far field electric field of i-th element Fi is measured by REV method on AIT. (3) Memorize the difference between D0i = Fi - C0i. (4) Measure the electric field of mutual coupling C1i by REV method on board. (5) Adjust the excitation phase to D1i ( = Fi - C1i ) using D01 on board. The configuration of this procedure is shown in Figure.5. The On Board REV method was applied to calibrate the phased array antenna mounted on PALSAR (Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar).

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