Probability Distribution

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Additional Mathematics
Modules
Form 5
(Version 2012)
My
Topic: 20
DISTINCTION
in
by
NgKL
edmet-nklpunya.blogspot.com
20.1 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
Important Notes
Exercise 20.1.1
Determine the Probability by Binomial Distributions
P(X = r ) = n Cr p r q n - r
1. Madonna has bought 6 chicken eggs from a sundry shop. The probability of getting rotten eggs from a sundry shop is 0.2. Find the probability that (a) only one egg is rotten. (b) all the eggs are not rotten.
2. The probability that Jacob will win in a BSMM competition is . If he participates in 5 events, calculate the probability that he will win (a) exactly 3 events, (b) at least 4 events.
3. The probability that Michael Jackson will be late to school is 0.15. Find the probability that in 5 days, the student will be late for (a) exactly 2 days, (b) not more than 1 day.
4. The probability that Tall Chen hits a target in an archery competition is 0.6. If she attempts 8 times, calculate the probability that she will hit the target (a) exactly 7 times, (b) at least 7 times.
5. In a certain region, the probability that it will rain on a day is 0.25. Calculate the probability that in a period of one week, it rains on (a) exactly 3 days, (b) less than 3 days.
6. It is known from a study that 70% of a type of seed will germinate. If Mama Jeeva has planted 10 seeds in her garden, find the probability that (a) exactly five seeds will germinate, (b) at least 8 seeds will germinate.
Exercise 20.1.1
Determine the Probability by Binomial Distributions
P(X = r ) = n Cr p r q n - r
7. Purple Chen walks to school everyday. The probability that he will be late to school on any one day is 0.2. Find the probability that Purple Chen will be late on (a) only two days, (b) more than 1 days.
8. Parkson Arwin will takes 10 subjects in the SPM examination. The probability that he will pass any one of the subjects is 0.7. Find the probability that Parkson Arwin will pass (a) all the 10 subjects, (b) at least 2 subjects.
9. The probability that a student will doze off during a lesson is 0.15. Find the number of students that must be chosen so that the probability of finding at least one student doze off during a lesson exceed 99%.
10. 25% of the teachers of a school have more than 2 children (a) If 4 teachers are chosen at random from the school, find the probability that only 3 teachers have more than 2 children. (b) Find the maximum number of teachers that must be chosen at random such that the chances of at least one teacher in the school having more than 2 children exceeds 90%
Exercise 20.1.2
Plot the Graph of Binomial Distributions
1. In a chess competition, a player has to play 3 games. The probability a player to win is 0.6. Plot the graph of the binomial distribution.
2. The probability of David hitting the target in shooting competition is 0.45. Plot the graph of binomial distribution if David fires four shots.
Exercise 20.1.3
Mean, = np
Variance, 2 = npq
Std. Dev., =
npq
Determine the Mean, the Variance and the Standard Deviation of Binomial Distribution
1. A fair dice is rolled 10 times continuously. The probability of obtaining the number 6 is . Find the mean, the variance and the standard deviation.
1 5
2. The probability that a bomb which is released by a jet fighter to hit its target is 0.8. If 40 bombs are released by the jet fighter, determine the mean, the variance and the standard deviation.
3. In a class of 32 students, 80% of them passed an Additional Mathematics test. Find the mean, the variance and the standard deviation of the result of the test.
4. In an objective test, four options of answers are given to a candidate to choose from. If the test consists of 40 questions, find the mean, the variance and the standard deviation of the test.
5. In the qualifying test for entrance to a university, 48 candidates pass the test and the variance is 46.08. Find the number of candidate who sit for the test. Hence, determine the probability of a candidate passing the test.
6. Given that three out of ten students in a school have been selected to participate in a national service program. If there are 270 students involved in the program, determine the number of students in the school. Hence find its standard deviation.
20. 2 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Important Notes
Exercise 20.2.1 Sketch the Standard Normal Distribution Curve and Determine the Value of Probability 1. P(Z > 1.543)
f(z)
2. P(Z < 0.852)
f(z)
z 0 0
3. P(Z > 1.022)
f(z)
4. P(Z 0.839)
f(z)
z 0 0
5. P(Z 0.35)
f(z)
6. P(Z 0.635)
f(z)
z 0 0
7. P(0.75 < Z < 1.2)
f(z)
8. P(0.5 < Z < 1.75)
f(z)
z 0 0
9. P(1.25 < Z < 0.6)
f(z)
10. P(0 < Z < 1.228)
f(z)
z 0 0
11. P(Z 0.35)
12. P(0.5 < Z < 1.25)
13. P(Z < 0.6)
14. P(1.25 < Z < 0.6)
Exercise 20.2.2 Sketch the Standard Normal Distribution Curve and Determine the z-value or k-value 1. P(Z > z) = 0.0883 0 2. P(Z < z) = 0.1401 0
3. P(Z > k ) = 0.2327 0
4. P(Z < k ) = 0.825) 0
5. P(Z > z ) = 0.75) 0
6. P(Z < z) = 0.5377 0
7. P(k < Z < 0) = 0.342 0
8. P(0 < Z < k) = 0.358 0
9. P(z < Z < 0.75) = 0.6 0
10. P(0.5 < Z < z) = 0.54 0
11. P(Z > z) = 0.25
12. P(2.21 < Z < k) = 0.9861
13. P(Z < k ) = 0.00641
14. P( z < Z < 0.65) = 0.2526
10
Exercise 20.2.3 Determine the z-value from a random chosen data and the probability 1. The masses of students in a school are normally distributed with a mean of 52 kg and a standard deviation of 2.5 kg. (a) Find the z-value the mass of a student chosen at random has a mass of more than 50 kg. (b) Hence find the probability of chosen such a student
z=
2. The height of students in a school are normally distributed with a mean of 160 cm and variance of 144 cm2. (a) Determine the z-value of the height if a student chosen at random has a height of less than 162 cm. (b) Hence, the probability of chosen a student of such height.
3. The score of a class for a monthly test are normally distributed with a mean of 48 marks and a standard deviation of 15 marks. Determine the z-value for the marks between 40 marks and 65 marks. Hence, the probability of chosen a student with such the range of scores.
4. The scores of Add. Maths test for a class are normally distributed with a mean of 55 marks and a standard deviation of 16. Determine (a) the z-value of the scores if a student is chosen with the marks less than 40. (b) the probability of chosen such a student.
5. The volume of bottled fruit juice produced by a factory are normally distributed with a mean of 750 ml and a standard deviation of 12 ml. If a bottle of the fruit juice is chosen at random, find, (a) the z-value of the volume of the fruit is less than 740 ml, (b) the probability of chosen such the volume of the fruit juice.
6. X is a random variable of a normal distribution with a mean of 34 and a variance of 9. Find (a) the z-value for X is between 34 and 37. (b) the probability for 31<X<37.
11
20.3 PAST YEAR QUESTIONS Exercise 20.3.1 SPM Paper 1 SPM 2005: The mass of students in a school has a normal distribution with a mean of 54 kg and a standard deviation of 12 kg. Find (a) the mass of the students which gives a standard score of 0.5, (b) the percentage of students with mass greater than 48 kg. [4 marks] SPM 2007: X is continuous random variable of a normal distribution with a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Find (a) the z-score when X = 67.2 (b) the value of k when P(z < k) = 0.8849 [ 4 marks]
SPM 2006: Diagram 10 shows a standard normal distribution graph. The probability represented f(z) by the area of the shaded region is 0.3485. 0.3485 (a) Find the value of k.
0 k z
SPM 2007 The probability that each shot fired by Ramli hits a target is 1 .
3
(a) If Ramli fires 10 shots, find the probability that exactly 2 shaots hit the target. (b) If Ramli fires n shots, the probability that all the n shots hit the target is Find the value of n.
1 . 243
(b) X is a continuous random variable is normally Diagram 10 distributed with a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 3. Find the value of X when the z-score is k [4 marks]
[4 marks]
12
SPM2008: The masses of students in a school have a normal distribution with a mean of 40 kg and a standard deviation of 5 kg. Calculate the probability that a student chosen at random from this group has a mass of (a) more than 45 kg, (b) between 35 kg and 47.8 kg. [4 marks]
SPM 2009: The masses of apples in a stall have a normal distribution with a mean of 200 g and a standard deviation of 30 g. (a) Find the mass, in g, of an apple whose z-score is 0.5. (b) If an apple is chosen at random, find the probability that the apple has a mass of at least 194 g. [ 4 marks]
SPM 2010: The discrete random variable X has a binomial probability distribution with n = 4, where n is the number of trials. Diagram 25 shows the probability distribution of X. P( X = x) k
1 4
SPM 2004: X is a random variable of a normal distribution with a mean of 5.2 and a variance of 1.44. Find (a) the z value if X = 6.7 (b) P(5.2 X 6.7). [4 marks]
Diagram 25
1 16
x
0 1 2 3 4
Find (a) the value of k. (b) P(X 3).
[4 marks]
13
Exercise 20.3.2 SPM Paper 2 SPM 2005: (a)The result of a study shows that 20% of the pupils in a city cycle to school. If 8 pupils from the city are chosen at random, calculate the probability that (a) exactly 2 of them cycle to school. (b) less than 3 of them cycle to school. [4 marks]
(b) The masses of water melons produced from an orchard follow a normal distribution with a mean of 3.2 kg and a standard deviation of 0.5 kg. Find (i) the probability that the watermelon chosen randomly from the orchard has a mass of not more than 40 kg. (ii) the value of m if 60 % of the watermelons from the orchard have a mass of more than m kg. [6 marks]
14
SPM 2006: An orchard produces lemon. Only lemons with diameter , x greater than k cm are graded and marketed. Table 3 shows the grades of the lemons based on their diameters. Grade Diameter, x (cm) A x>7 B 7x>5 C 5 x > k
Table 3
It is given that diameters of the lemons have a normal distribution with a mean of 5.8 cm and a standard deviation of 1.5 cm. (a) (b) (c) If one lemon is picked at random, calculate the probability that it is of grade A. In a basket of 500 lemons, estimate the number of grade B lemons. If 85.7% of the lemons is marketed, find the value of k. [2 marks] [2 marks] [4 marks]
15
SPM 2007: (a) In a survey carried out in a school, it is found that 2 out 5 students have handphones. If 8 students from that school are chosen at random, calculate the probability that (i) exactly 2 students have handphones, i. (ii) more than 2 students have handphones. [5 marks]
(b) A group of workers are given medical check up. The blood pressure of a worker has a normal distribution with a man of 130 mmHg and a standard deviation of 16 mmHg. Blood pressure that is more than 150 mmHg is classified as high blood pressure. (i) A worker is chosen at random from the group. Find the probability that the worker has a blood pressure between 114 mmHg and 150 mmHg.more than 40 kg. (ii) It is found that 132 workers have high blood pressure. Find the total number of workers in the group. [5 marks]
16
SPM 2008: The masses of mangoes from an orchard have a normal distribution with a mean of 300 g and a standard deviation 0f 80 g. (a) Find the probability that a mango chosen randomly from this orchard has a mass of more than 168 g. [3 marks]
(b) A random sample of 500 mangoes is chosen. (i) Calculate the number of mangoes from this sample that have a mass of more than 168 g. (ii) Given that 435 mangoes from this sample have a mass of more than m g, find the value of m. [7 marks]
17
SPM 2009: A test paper consists of 40 questions. Each question is followed by four choices of answer, where only one of these is correct. (a) i. Salma answers all the questions by randomly choosing an answer for each question. (i) Estimate the number of questions she answered correctly. (ii) Find the standard deviation of the number of questions she answered correctly. [5 marks]
(b)
Basri answers 30 questions correctly and randomly chooses an answer for each of the remaining 10 questions. Find the probability that he answers. (i) 36 questions correctly, (ii) at least 32 questions correctly. [5 marks]
18
SPM 2010: (a) A random variable, X, has a binomial distribution with 10 trials where the probability of success in each trial is p. The mean number of success is 4. calculate (i) the value of p, ii. (ii) P(X 2) [5 marks]
(b) The diameters of limes from a farm have a normal distribution with a mean of 3.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.5 cm. Calculate (i) the probability that a lime chosen at random from this farm has a diameter of more than 3.9 cm. (ii) the value of d if 33% of the limes have diameters less than d cm. [5 marks]
19
SPM 2004: (a) A club organizes a practice session for trainees on scoring goals from penalty kicks. Each trainee takes 8 penalty kicks. The probability that a trainee scores a goal from a penalty kick is p. After the session, it is found that the mean number of goals for a trainee is 4.8. (i) Find the value of p. iii. (ii) If a trainee is chosenat random, find the probability that he scores at least one goal. [5 marks]
(b) A survey on body-mass is done on a group of students. The mass of a student has a normal distribution with a mean of 50 kg and a standard deviation of 15 kg. (i) If a student is chosen at random, calculate the probability that his mass is less than 41 kg. (ii) Given that 12% of the students have a mass of more than m kg, find the value of m. [5 marks]
20
SPM 2003: (a) Senior citizens make up 20% of the population of a settlement. (i) iv. If 7 people are randomly selected from the settlement, find the probability that at least two of them are senior citizens. [5 marks]
(ii) If the variance of the senior citizens is 128, what is the populations of the settlement?
(b) The mass of the workers in a factory is normally distributed with a mean of 67.86 kg and a variance of 42.25 kg2. 200 of the workers in the factory weigh between 50 kg and 70 kg. Find the total number of workers in the factory. [5 marks]
21
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edmet-nklpunya.blogspot.

20.1 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Determine the Probability by Binomial Distributions

Determine the Probability by Binomial Distributions

Plot the Graph of Binomial Distributions

20. 2 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

2. P(Z < 0.852)

3. P(Z > 1.022)

7. P(0.75 < Z < 1.2)

8. P(0.5 < Z < 1.75)

9. P(1.25 < Z < 0.6)

10. P(0 < Z < 1.228)

11. P(Z 0.35)

12. P(0.5 < Z < 1.25)

13. P(Z < 0.6)

14. P(1.25 < Z < 0.6)

3. P(Z > k ) = 0.2327 0

4. P(Z < k ) = 0.825) 0

5. P(Z > z ) = 0.75) 0

6. P(Z < z) = 0.5377 0

7. P(k < Z < 0) = 0.342 0

8. P(0 < Z < k) = 0.358 0

9. P(z < Z < 0.75) = 0.6 0

10. P(0.5 < Z < z) = 0.54 0

11. P(Z > z) = 0.25

12. P(2.21 < Z < k) = 0.9861

13. P(Z < k ) = 0.00641

14. P( z < Z < 0.65) = 0.2526

Find (a) the value of k. (b) P(X 3).

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