Steam Relief
Steam Relief
Steam Relief
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where:
W A1 A2 A3 ho J gc a b
Mass flow rate (17.26 lb/sec) Pipe inside area at pipe/vent inlet interface point(28.89in) Pipe inside area at vent inlet (50.03in) Pipe inside area at vent exit (50.03in) Stagnation enthalpy at the valve inlet (1200 Btu/lbm) Joule-Thompson coeff. (778.16 ft-lbf/Btu) Gravitational constant, 32.2 lbm-ft/lbf-sec^2 823 Btu/lbm 4.33
Refer to the Steam Relief Analysis section of the appendix for steam quality factors)
L/D for 6" sch 40 pipe L/D for 6" sch 40 SR B/W Elbow (L/D) f (L/D) From chart 1, (k=1.1): (P/P*)
= = = = =
0.63
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F1
Pa
L/D for 8" sch 40 pipe = 5.91*12 / 7.981 f (L/D) From chart 1, (P/P*) = = = 8.89 0.1155 1.27
P3
Note: This exit pressure is below atmosphere and therefore P3 should be set to 14.7 psia.
P2
From Chart 1, the ratio (V/V*) is determined for the value of f (L/D) = 0.1155 and specific heat ratio, k=1.1.
From chart 1,
(V/V*) = 0.80
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Hence the above condition is satisfied and steam blow-back will not occur. We have chosen to resize the vent pipe and since the above inequality is satisfied no further vent pipe sizing is necessary.
F2
F3
The thrust force, F3 at the vent exit is along the direction, in this case along the vertical Y-axis.
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2.
Select Load/Steam Relief to display the Steam Relief dialog . Select C02 as the "Valve exit point," then specify an open discharge (O) in the "[O]pen /[C]losed Discharge" field. Input C04 in the "Pipe/Vent Interface point" field, then input D00 and D01 in the vent "Inlet" and "Outlet" fields, respectively. Next, set the "Vent discharge direction" to Global Y, and enable the "Size Vent" option. The "Manifold Pressure" field is disabled because it is only applicable for closed discharge systems. Input 1200 in the "Enthalpy" field. Input 2 in the "Quality" field for saturated steam (refer to the Determine pressure and velocity at interface point discussion in the appendix for more information). Input 1.1 in the "Sp. Heat Ratio" field for saturated steam (refer to Table G-2 in the appendix). Input 17.26 in the "Mass Flow Rate" field. Under the following "Time-sec" fields, enter 0 for the "Start" and 0.1 for the "Rise" and "Fall." Input 1.0 in the "Open" field. Finally, enable the "Generate report" option. AutoPIPE automatically creates a Force-Time history file (C04.TIH) and a time history point load file (C02.THL) for steam relief case C02.
3. Select Load/Time History Location to display the Time History Location dialogs for Steam Relief case C02. Although these dialogs can be
modified, editing is not necessary using the Steam Relief analysis. Press Cancel. The following ASCII file, C02.THL, is created. Although not necessary for the steam relief analysis, it may be edited using a text editor.
AP50SR1 1 C04 C04 1.000 0.000 -1.000 0.000 0.00000 4. Select Load/Time History Profile to display the Time History load dialog . A force-time history file can be displayed or modified. The
following is the force-time history called C04 (i.e. pipe/vent interface point C04 of Steam Relief case C02). Press Cancel. The following ASCII file, C04.TIH, is created with Time (1st column) in seconds and Force (2nd column) in lbf. (Refer to the discussion on Performing a Linear Static Analysis for additional information). The 4 refers to 4 lines of data, and 5 refers to force units.
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5. Select Tools/Model Options/Edit to display the Edit Model Options dialog. To accurately capture the higher and intermediate natural
frequency modes (applicable for impulse loading such as Steam Relief), the mass discretization algorithm should be invoked. This is achieved by entering A (for automatic) in the "Mass points per span" field and entering a cutoff frequency at least equal to the Modal analysis cutoff frequency (e.g. 150 Hz). that this number may have to be increased if the cutoff frequency is not reached). Enter a "Cutoff frequency" of 150 Hz (note that for larger piping systems, higher modes may be present). Use the defaults of NONE in the "Pressure stiffening case" field, and enable the "Include contents" option. Press OK. Note: A dialog will appear asking, "Do you want to analyze the model?" Press the Yes button, and Modal should be enabled while all others are disabled. Press the OK button. The modal analysis must always be run before a Time History analysis.
6. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Modal Tab to display the Modal Analysis dialog . Enter 100 in the "Maximum number of modes" field (note
7. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Time History Tab to display the Time History dialog in which the number of load cases is specified. The first
time this dialog is displayed, case no. 1 is already populated for one time history case (M1) to be analyzed (press the New button for additional cases M2 and M3). Press OK.
8. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Time History Tab. The Time History analysis dialog is displayed. Verify case no. 1 settings. The "Ground
Motion" field is disabled. Select File1 = C02 from the "Filenames" selection list. Next enter 1.2 in the "Duration" field. Note that the "Analysis Steps" and "Output Steps" fields contain a value of "Automatic" (meaning that AutoPIPE calculates a time step = 1/10 of the shortest period at the highest mode). The output step should normally be set equal to the analysis step to ensure the highest response is reported. Only the analysis "Time Steps" affect the accuracy of the results. The "Number of Time Steps" is automatically shown as 1634 (i.e. Duration = Number of analysis time steps analysis time step; hence time step = 0.737ms). Enter 2 for the "Damping Ratio (%)". Press OK. Note: A dialog will appear asking "Do you want to analyze the model?" Press the Yes button. The "Modal" and "Time History" options should be enabled, while all other options are disabled. Press the OK button.
9. Select Result/Displacement . When the Deflected Shape dialog appears, specify M1 as the load combination. The following displacement
profile for the Steam Relief event C02 is displayed.
10. Make C04 the active point, then press F3 to display the results.
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13. Select Result/Output Report , then enable the Displacement, Restraint, Model listing, Result summary, Analysis summary, and Steam relief options and press OK.
This concludes the modeling of the Steam Relief example. The result file you have just created should match the results shown below. Click here to view the AutoPIPE Steam Relief (Time History) Report.
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