PHY 2060

Test 2
Thursday, November 7, 2013

Fall 2013

Name:

Show all of your work. Use letters to represent the known, physical quantities for as long as possible in these problems. At the very last step, substitute in the numbers. For numerical problems include units on all answers and use g = 10 m/s2 . Below, are a number of formulae which we will use at various times during the semester. Many of these have not yet appeared in class, and during the test I will not explain either the use of any of these equations or what any of the symbols represent. More equations will be added to this list for subsequent tests. x = x0 + v0 t + 1 at2 2 v = v0 + at 1 2 2 (v 2 v0 ) = a (x x0 ) v = 2ax W =F d F = ma F = d(mv )/dt F = dp/dt p = mv U = mgh U = Gm1 m2 /r 1 U=2 kx2 = Id/dt = dL/dt 1 K=2 I 2 2 d x/dt2 + 2 x = 0 a = 2R a = v 2 /R v = R v =r = 2/T v = 2R/T Impulse = p Impulse = F dt 1 K.E. = 2 mv 2 M Xcm = i mi xi |F | = Gm1 m2 /r2 F = kx L = mr v L = I K = L2 /2I x = A cos(t + ) sin(37) = 3/5 = cos(53) cos(37) = 4/5 = sin(53) tan(37) = 3/4 = 1/ tan(53) sin(60) = 3/2 = cos(30) cos(60) = 1 /2 = sin(30) tan(60) = 3 = 1/ tan(30) sin , small tan , small K.E. = p2 /2m 2 = k/m 2 = g/ =rF L = mvR = mR2 Ip = Icm + M h2 2 I = i mi ri

1. A rope of uniform density, mass m and length is suspended between two poles as shown in the diagram. Note that the left end of the rope is at an angle with respect to the horizon, while the right hand end of the rope is precisely horizontal. (a) What is the vertical force of the pole on the rope at the right-hand side? Ans: The vertical force at the RHS is zero, because the rope is horizontal there. (b) What is the vertical force of the pole on the rope at the left-hand side? Ans: The vertical force at the LHS is mg , to balance the force of gravity. (c) What is the horizontal force on the on the rope at the left-hand side? Ans: The horizontal force at the LHS is mg/ tan . (d) What is the horizontal force on the rope at the right-hand side? Ans: The horizontal force at the RHS must balance the horizontal force on the LHS so it also must have a magnitude of mg/ tan .

2. A pulley of mass m radius R, rotational inertia I = mR2 is supported by a bracket attached to the ceiling. A string is wrapped around it many times and then attached to a block also of mass m. The block is initially held at rest, and then released. (a) After the block is released what is its acceleration? Ans: g/2 (b) What is the tension in the string? Ans: mg/2 (c) What is the magnitude of the force from the bracket that holds the pulley in place? Suggestion: Please recall that gravity is also acting on the pulley. Ans: 3mg/2

3. A spring with spring constant k , length and no mass is compressed until its length is /2. Next, two blocks one of mass m the other of mass 3m are held in place at either end of the spring. The two blocks are then released simultaneously. (a) What is the potential energy of the compressed spring?
1 Ans: U = 2 k ( /2)2

(b) When the two blocks are no longer touching the spring, what is the speed of the block of mass 3m? Ans: Use the conservation of momentum and the conservation of energy. 1 3 1 2 mv 2 + 2 mv3 = 2 k ( /2)2 , and as magnitudes mv1 = 3mv3 imply that 2 v3 = k 2 /48. (c) And, what is the speed of the block of mass m. Ans: In a similar fashion, v1 = 3v3 = 3 k 2 /48

4. A beam of negligible mass and length 3 has a fulcrum supporting it a distance away from the end on the left and is temporarily held in place while a block of mass m hangs from each end. (a) What is the rotational inertia of the beam and blocks about the fulcrum? Ans: I = 5m
2

(b) And, what is the acceleration of the mass on the right hand side after the beam is released? Ans: = mg = I d/dt = 5 2 m/(2 ) dv/dt dv/dt = 2g/5. (c) And after the beam is released, what is the magnitude of the acceleration of the mass on the left hand side? Ans: dv/dt = g/5

1 5. A circular, at disk has mass m, radius R and rotational inertia I = 2 mR2 . The at disk is spinning circularly on a frictionless surface with angular velocity 1 .

(a) A second disk, identical to the rst but not rotating, is then gently dropped onto the rst disk with their centers lined up, and the frictional forces between the two disks eventually makes them rotate with the same angular velocity. What is the magnitude of this new angular velocity 2 ? Ans: From conservation of angular momentum: I1 1 = 2 I1 2 2 = 1 /2. (b) Now, a third disk, identical to the rst, is then gently dropped onto the rst two disks with their centers lined up, and the frictional forces between the three disks eventually makes them rotate with the same angular velocity. What is the magnitude of this new angular velocity? Ans: From conservation of angular momentum: I1 1 = 3 I1 3 3 = 1 /3.

6. An unusual shaped ramp has a width , and a height but has a section of a circle cut out of it, and it initially sits at rest on a table. The mass of this ramp is m, and the mass of a square block is m. There is no friction on any of the surfaces involved. The square block is initially moving to the right with a speed vi as shown in the diagram. (a) When the block starts sliding up the ramp, and the ramp starts moving. What is the maximum height that the block reaches before it starts sliding back down? Ans: At maximum height, the block and ramp have the same speed, so the conservation of momentum requires that mvi = 2mvtop vtop = vi /2. The 1 2 2 2 2 /4g . total energy is 1 =1 + mgh = 4 + mgh h = vi mvi (2m)vtop mvi 2 2 (b) After the block slides back down o the ramp and onto the table, what is the speed of the block? Is the speed to the right or to the left? Ans: The speed of the block is zero. (c) What is the speed of the ramp, after the block is back on the table? Ans: vi Notice that the energy and the momentum of the entire system at the end are the same as they were at the beginning.

7. A beam of mass m and length is held up on one end by a vertical string, and the other end sits on a tabletop. The stick is inclined at an angle as shown in the diagram. (a) What is the tension in the string? Ans: With the beam in equilibrium, the torque from the string and the torque from the force of gravity must cancel. So, mg ( /2) cos = T cos T = mg/2. (b) What is the force of static friction of the table top on the beam? Ans: There are no other possible horizontal forces, so static friction force is zero. (c) What is the normal force of the table on the beam? Ans: The normal force must balance the force of gravity and the tension, so N = mg/2

8. The acceleration of gravity at the surface of a spherical planet of radius R is g . Give your answers only in terms of g and R. (a) What is the minimum speed that a satellite orbiting this planet could have? I worded this problem incorrectly, and as written the question doesnt make much sense. Actually, nearly all of you gave the answer that I had intended for the question, and everyone gets 5pts for this partexcept me.
2 /R = mg vorb = Ans: mvorb

gR

(b) What is the escape speed of this planet? Ans: For K + U = 0 = 2(GM/R2 )R = 2gR.
1 2 mvesc 2

GmM/R, so vesc =

2GM/R =