Thermal and Fluids Engineering I Exam #1 Fall 2011
The exam will last 1.5 hours with problems worth 30, 40, and 30 points respectively. Problem 1 involves calculating the internal energy change, amount of gas, and final state of an ideal gas contained in a vessel undergoing various thermodynamic processes. Problem 2 involves calculating internal energy changes, heat transfers, and work done during sequential expansion, constant volume, and constant pressure processes of hydrogen gas. Problem 3 involves calculating heat transfer rate and interface temperatures across a composite wall separating two liquids at different temperatures.
Thermal and Fluids Engineering I Exam #1 Fall 2011
The exam will last 1.5 hours with problems worth 30, 40, and 30 points respectively. Problem 1 involves calculating the internal energy change, amount of gas, and final state of an ideal gas contained in a vessel undergoing various thermodynamic processes. Problem 2 involves calculating internal energy changes, heat transfers, and work done during sequential expansion, constant volume, and constant pressure processes of hydrogen gas. Problem 3 involves calculating heat transfer rate and interface temperatures across a composite wall separating two liquids at different temperatures.
Thermal and Fluids Engineering I Exam #1 Fall 2011
The exam will last 1.5 hours with problems worth 30, 40, and 30 points respectively. Problem 1 involves calculating the internal energy change, amount of gas, and final state of an ideal gas contained in a vessel undergoing various thermodynamic processes. Problem 2 involves calculating internal energy changes, heat transfers, and work done during sequential expansion, constant volume, and constant pressure processes of hydrogen gas. Problem 3 involves calculating heat transfer rate and interface temperatures across a composite wall separating two liquids at different temperatures.
Thermal and Fluids Engineering I Exam #1 Fall 2011
The exam will last 1.5 hours with problems worth 30, 40, and 30 points respectively. Problem 1 involves calculating the internal energy change, amount of gas, and final state of an ideal gas contained in a vessel undergoing various thermodynamic processes. Problem 2 involves calculating internal energy changes, heat transfers, and work done during sequential expansion, constant volume, and constant pressure processes of hydrogen gas. Problem 3 involves calculating heat transfer rate and interface temperatures across a composite wall separating two liquids at different temperatures.
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Thermal and Fluids Engineering I
Exam #1 Fall 2011
1)
You will have 1.5 hour = 90 minutes = 5400 seconds to complete this exam. Please budget your time to allow for completion of all the problems. Remember every item has dimensions and units associated with it. Using those units during your calculations will help prevent errors. Grading Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 30 pts. 40 pts. 30 pts.
2) 3)
Name:
1. An ideal gas of molecular weight 35 is contained in a 1 m3 pressure vessel. The gas is initially at 1 MPa and 150 C. The gas receives 7.2 MJ of work while 1.5 kW of heat is removed from the system. a) Calculate the internal energy change for the system over the period of one hour. First Law for closed, constant volume system. System is gas in the container.
!U = Q " W Q = "1.5 kW * 3600 W = "7.2 # 10 6 J
1 s = "5400000 J hr
heat removed from system
work done on the system
2 3
!U = "5.4 # 10 6 " ( "7.2 # 10 6 ) = 1.8 # 10 6 J
b) Calculate the amount of gas inside the vessel. Use the ideal gas law.
c) Calculate the final state of the gas (T, P) assuming the molar specific heat of the gas, Cv, is 12.5 kJ/kgmolK. For an ideal gas, the internal energy is only a function of temperature.
A 1-kg quantity of hydrogen undergoes the following sequence of quasistatic processes in a piston/cylinder arrangement: a) b) c) An adiabatic expansion in which the volume of the gas doubles A constant volume process in which the pressure is restored to its initial value A constant pressure process where the system is brought back to its initial temperature.
The hydrogen is initially at 120 C and 5 atm pressure. Determine the internal energy change of the gas, the heat exchanged and the work done during each stage. cv = 10.3 kJ/kgK a) cp = 14.5 kJ/kgK
Adiabatic expansion means polytropic process and Q = 0. 2
!U = "W = "
P2V2 " P1V1 1" k T1 = 393K m = 1kg
P1 = 5.066 # 10 5 Pa
$ ' J ( 393K ) % ( kgmolK ) mRT1 V1 = = = 3.225 m 3 $ M w P1 kg ' 2 ( 5.066 # 105 Pa ) & % kgmol ) (
(1kg ) & 8314
V2 = 2V1 = 6.45 m 3 k= cp ~ 1.398 cv
k 1.398
$V ' $ 3.225 m 3 ' P2 = P1 & 1 ) = ( 5.066 # 10 5 Pa ) & % 6.45 m 3 ) ( %V (
2 5 3
= 1.922 # 10 5 Pa
(1.922 # 10 Pa )( 6.45 m ) " ( 5.066 # 10 Pa )( 3.225 m ) = 9.902 # 10 W = "!U =
5 3
1 " 1.398
J3
b)
In a constant V process, W = 0.
!U = Q From part a !U = "9.902 # 10 5 J = mcv !T = 1(10300 ) (T2 " T1 ) T2 = 23.9C 2 1
Using the ideal gas law we can get the final state of the gas.
P1V1 mRT1 = P2V2 mRT2
V1 = V2
P1 1.922 ! 10 5 T 23.9 + 273 = = 1 = 5 P2 5.066 ! 10 T2 T2 T2 = 782.5 K = 509.6C Q = mc v "T = 1 (10300 ) ( 509.6 # 23.9 ) = 5.003 ! 10 6 J c) For this process, we cool off and compress the gas.
1 2
!U = mc v !T = Q " W 1 (10300 ) (120 " 509.6 ) = "4.013 # 10 6 J = Q " W W = P !V = 5.066 # 10 5 ( 3.225 " 6.45 ) = "1.634 # 10 6 J Q = !U + W = "1.634 # 10 6 " 4.013 # 10 6 = "5.647 # 10 6 J We can also do this part starting with the enthalpy and !H=Q.
2 1 3 3
3. A composite wall constructed of 2.5 cm steel (ks = 60.5 W/mK) and 5.0 cm of aluminum (ka = 177 W/mK) separates two liquids. The liquid on the steel side has a heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2K and a temperature of 400 C. The liquid on the aluminum side has a heat transfer coefficient of 30 W/m2K and a temperature of 100 C. a) Calculate the amount of heat transferred per unit area between the two fluids. b) Assuming that steady-state conditions have been reached, what is the approximate temperature at the steel-aluminum interface? c) Assuming that steady-state conditions have been reached, what is the temperature at the steel/liquid interface?
T1 ) T* 400 ) 100 W ! W $ 'T q "# 2 & = overall = = = 2979 2 "m % m ( R Ls + La + 1 + 1 0.025 + 0.05 + 1 + 1 ks ka hs ha 60.5 177 15 30 5 q " = 2979 = T*s ) T2 400 ) T2 = 1 Ls 1 0.025 + + hs ks 15 60.5 5
T2 = 200.2C q " = 2979 = T*s ) T3 400 ) T3 = 1 1 hs 15
