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Lesson 5: Monitors and Sound Systems

This document discusses computer monitors, projectors, and sound systems. It describes the main types of monitors as CRT and flat panel displays. CRT monitors use electron guns to excite phosphor dots that make up pixels to display colors. Flat panel monitors mainly use LCD technology with transistors controlling each pixel. When comparing monitors, consider the size, resolution, refresh rate, and dot pitch - with larger sizes, higher resolutions, and faster refresh rates being better. Projectors connect to PCs and project sharp images onto large screens. Sound systems include sound cards that convert digital signals to analog for speakers, allowing computers to play and edit audio.

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ahsanloverboy
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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51 views

Lesson 5: Monitors and Sound Systems

This document discusses computer monitors, projectors, and sound systems. It describes the main types of monitors as CRT and flat panel displays. CRT monitors use electron guns to excite phosphor dots that make up pixels to display colors. Flat panel monitors mainly use LCD technology with transistors controlling each pixel. When comparing monitors, consider the size, resolution, refresh rate, and dot pitch - with larger sizes, higher resolutions, and faster refresh rates being better. Projectors connect to PCs and project sharp images onto large screens. Sound systems include sound cards that convert digital signals to analog for speakers, allowing computers to play and edit audio.

Uploaded by

ahsanloverboy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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lesson 5

Monitors and Sound Systems

This lesson includes the following sections: Monitors

PC Projectors
Sound Systems

Monitors
Categories of Monitors CRT Monitors Flat-Panel Monitors Comparing Monitors Video Controllers

Monitors - Categories of Monitors


Monitors are categorized by the technology they use:

Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors


Flat-panel displays

And by the way they display colors: Monochrome One color on a black background

Grayscale Shades of gray on a white or off-white background


Color From 16 to 16 million unique colors

Monitors - CRT Monitors


In CRT monitors, electrons are fired at phosphor dots on the screen. The dots are grouped into pixels, which glow when struck by electrons. In color CRTs, each pixel contains a red, green, and blue dot. These glow at varying intensities to produce color images.

Monitors - Flat-Panel Monitors


Most flat-panel monitors use liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. Passive matrix LCD uses a transistor for each row and column of pixels.

Active matrix LCD uses a transistor for each pixel on the screen.
Thin-film transistor displays use multiple transistors for each pixel.

Flat-panel monitors take up less desk space.

Monitors - Comparing Monitors


When comparing monitors, consider four features:

Size
Resolution Refresh rate Dot pitch

Comparing Monitors - Size


A monitor's size is the diagonal measurement of its face, in inches. For years, 15" monitors (13"viewing area) were standard.

Today, 17" monitors (15" viewing area) are common.


Larger monitors are available, but can be expensive.

The diagonal size (often 15)

Comparing Monitors - Resolution


Resolution is the number of pixels on the screen, expressed as a matrix (such as 600x800). A 17" monitor offers resolutions from 640x480 up to 1280x1024.

The Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard is 640x480. Super VGA (SVGA) monitors provide resolutions of 800x600, 1024x768 or higher.

Resolution (image sharpness) is important.

(Especially for graphics, page layout, and CAD)

Comparing Monitors - Refresh Rate


Refresh rate is the number of times each second that the electron guns scan the screen's pixels. Refresh rate is measured in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second. Look for a refresh rate of 72 Hz or higher. A slower rate may cause eyestrain.

Fast scanning = Quick refresh (less flicker)

Comparing Monitors - Dot Pitch


Dot pitch is the distance between the phosphor dots that make up a single pixel. In color monitors, three dots (red, green, and blue) comprise each pixel. Look for a dot pitch no greater than .28 millimeter.

Fine dot pitch = Crisp displays

B+G

R+B

R+G
R+B+G

Phosphor Dot Color Mixing

Monitors - Video Controllers


The video controller is an interface between the monitor and the CPU. The video controller determines many aspects of a monitor's performance, such as resolution or the number of colors displayed. The video controller contains its own on-board processor and memory, called video RAM (VRAM).

Video Control Board with Monitor Cable

VRAM

Graphic intensive applications such as games require plenty of VRAM.

PC Projectors
A PC projector connects to a PC and is used to project images on a large screen. Many PC projectors provide the same resolutions and color levels as high-quality monitors.

Digital light processing (DLP) projectors use a microchip containing tiny mirrors to produce very sharp, bright images.

Projected Screen

Sound Systems
Multimedia PCs come with a sound card, speakers, and a CD-ROM or DVD drive. A sound card translates digital signals into analog ones that drive the speakers. With the right software, you can use your PC to edit sounds and create special sound effects.

lesson 5 - Review
List the two most commonly used types of computer monitors. Explain how a CRT monitor displays images. Identify two types of flat-panel monitors and explain their differences. List four characteristics you should consider when comparing monitors. Explain how a computer outputs sound.

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