Moniters

MONITOR
datapro
Concepts
A monitor is a display viewing unit in the part of the
computer.
Monitors have undergone many changes from the

past:
1) CRT Cathode Ray Tube

2) TFT Thin Film Transistor or
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
3) LED Light Emitting Diode
Connection
The signals that run to your monitor come from a video
adapter inside or plugged into your computer.
The three ways computer systems connect to either CRT or

LCD
1. Add on Video Cards

2. Video only chipset on motherboard
3. Motherboard chipset with integrated video
Monochrome
It is a type of CRT monitor
Used mainly in the period of 1960 to 1980
Mono means one and chrome means colour
P1 = Green display ; P3 = Amber display ; P4 = White

display
Pixel/Pixel ; pixels were sharper against CRT
Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or

photographs in ONE color or shades of ONE color.
Old IBM PC
BIOS Booting in
Monochrome
Cathode Ray Tube
1. Three Electron guns
2. Electron beams
3. Focusing coils
4. Deflection coils
5. Anode connection
6. Mask for separating
beams for red, green, and
blue part of displayed image
7. Phosphor layer with red,
green, and blue zones
8. Close-up of the
phosphor-coated inner side
of the screen
Monitors
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Most common type of monitor
Electrons fired from the back
Electrons excite phosphor to glow
Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels
Dot mask ensures proper pixel is lit
Monitors
CRT color
Phosphor dots arranged in triads
Red, green, and blue dots
Three colors blend to make colors
Varying the intensity creates new colors
Monitors
CRT drawbacks
Very large
Very heavy
Use a lot of electricity
1. It is a vacuum tube with an electron gun .
2. It has a fluorescent screen of phosphorous.
3. In TV and PC monitor, the entire front area of the
tube is scanned repetitively and systematically in a
fixed pattern called a raster.
4. An image is produced by controlling the intensity of
each of the three electron beams, one for each
additive primary color (red, green, and blue).
5. In all modern CRT monitors and televisions, the
beams are bent by magnetic deflection.
Example
For e.g. Movie; We need a refresh rate constantly refreshing
our CRT display system .

1 ms is equivalent to 1000 Hz.
60 Hz is the normal computer CRT refresh
rate
for monitor under 17 inches.
So, 0.006 ms is the time a rate happens on
the screen to show us all the frames in the
movie without any cuts.

Monitor Resolution
Resolution Abbreviation Standard
Definition
640*480 VGA Video Graphics

Array
800*600 SVGA Super VGA
1024*768 XGA Extended Graphics
Array
1280*1024 UVGA Ultra VGA
1920*1080 WUXGA Widescreen Ultra
extended Graphics
Array
Thin Film Transistors
1. TFT is not really different from LCD.
2. TFT, comes from the family of the LCD technology.
3. It is a variant of LCD, it is a modern version of the
LCD technology.
4. TFT has a very well improved image quality and
makes use of active matrix addressing.
5. External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD
feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI
or Display Port interface.
6. They generate a lot of heat.
7. Because of constant oscillation of pixels from x and y
axis
Liquid Crystal Display
LCD
1. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel
display, electronic visual display, video display that uses
the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.
2. Computer monitors television, instrument panels, aircraft
cockpit displays signage
3. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used
in battery-powered electronic equipment.
4. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up of
any number of segments filled with liquid crystals and
arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to
produce images in colour or monochrome.
Monitors
Drawbacks to LCD
More expensive than CRT
Must sit directly in front of screen
Can be more fragile than CRT
LED Light Emitting Diode Monitor
1.) Cathode 4.) Conductive layer

2.) Emissive layer 5.) Anode
3.) Emission of Radiation
Working Principle
1. A typical OLED is composed of a layer of organic
materials situated between two electrodes,
the anode and cathode, all deposited on
a substrate.
2. When the charged electron in the substrate say
positive electron is touching the negative
electron, radiation is emitted, thus giving us
picture on the screen
3. OLED organic LED is the most green display
device today in the world.
Monitors and Video Cards
Size of monitor
Measured in inches
Measured diagonally
Actual size
 Distance from corner to corner
Viewable size
 Useable portion of the screen
Resolution
Number of pixels on the screen
Higher number creates sharper images
Higher number creates smaller images
Aspect ratio is the ratio of the horizontal length to the

vertical length. Monitors usually have the aspect ratio 4:3,
16:10 or 16:9.
Refresh rate
Number of time the screen is redrawn
Modern equipment sets this automatically
Improper settings can cause eyestrain
Dot pitch
Distance between the same color dots
Ranges between .15 mm and .40 mm
Smaller creates a finer picture
Should be less than .22

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MONITOR

Monitors have undergone many changes from the

1) CRT Cathode Ray Tube

The three ways computer systems connect to either CRT or

1. Add on Video Cards

Used mainly in the period of 1960 to 1980

Mono means one and chrome means colour

P1 = Green display ; P3 = Amber display ; P4 = White

Pixel/Pixel ; pixels were sharper against CRT

Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or

our CRT display system .

movie without any cuts.

640*480 VGA Video Graphics

1.) Cathode 4.) Conductive layer

Aspect ratio is the ratio of the horizontal length to the

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