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    Square Roots and Cube Roots

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    z1y2
    The document discusses important facts and formulae about square roots and cube roots. It defines square roots as the number whose square is a given number, and cube roots as the number whose cube is a given number. It provides examples of evaluating square roots and cube roots. It also includes 24 solved examples of calculating various square roots, cube roots, and other expressions involving roots.

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    Square Roots and Cube Roots

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    z1y2
    2K views5 pages
    The document discusses important facts and formulae about square roots and cube roots. It defines square roots as the number whose square is a given number, and cube roots as the number whose cube is a given number. It provides examples of evaluating square roots and cube roots. It also includes 24 solved examples of calculating various square roots, cube roots, and other expressions involving roots.

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    The document discusses important facts and formulae about square roots and cube roots. It defines square roots as the number whose square is a given number, and cube roots as the number whose cube is a given number. It provides examples of evaluating square roots and cube roots. It also includes 24 solved examples of calculating various square roots, cube roots, and other expressions involving roots.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    2K views5 pages

    Square Roots and Cube Roots

    Uploaded by

    z1y2
    The document discusses important facts and formulae about square roots and cube roots. It defines square roots as the number whose square is a given number, and cube roots as the number whose cube is a given number. It provides examples of evaluating square roots and cube roots. It also includes 24 solved examples of calculating various square roots, cube roots, and other expressions involving roots.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    SQUARE ROOTS AND CUBE ROOTS

    IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE

    Square Root: If x2 = y, we say that the square root of y is x and we write, √y = x.


    Thus, √4 = 2, √9 = 3, √196 = 14.
    Cube Root: The cube root of a given number x is the number whose cube is x. We
    denote the cube root of x by 3√x.
    Thus, 3√8 = 3√2 x 2 x 2 = 2, 3√343 = 3√7 x 7 x 7 = 7 etc.
    Note:
    1.√xy = √x * √y 2. √(x/y) = √x / √y = (√x / √y) * (√y / √y) = √xy / y

    SOLVED EXAMPLES

    Ex. 1. Evaluate √6084 by factorization method .


    Sol. Method: Express the given number as the product of prime factors. 2 6084
    Now, take the product of these prime factors choosing one out of 2 3042
    every pair of the same primes. This product gives the square root 3 1521
    of the given number. 3 507
    Thus, resolving 6084 into prime factors, we get: 13 169
    6084 = 22 x 32 x 132 13
    ∴ √6084 = (2 x 3 x 13) = 78.

    Ex. 2. Find the square root of 1471369.


    Sol. Explanation: In the given number, mark off the digits 1 1471369 (1213
    in pairs starting from the unit's digit. Each pair and 1
    the remaining one digit is called a period. 22 47
    Now, 12 = 1. On subtracting, we get 0 as remainder. 44
    Now, bring down the next period i.e., 47. 241 313
    Now, trial divisor is 1 x 2 = 2 and trial dividend is 47. 241
    So, we take 22 as divisor and put 2 as quotient. 2423 7269
    The remainder is 3. 7269
    Next, we bring down the next period which is 13. x
    Now, trial divisor is 12 x 2 = 24 and trial dividend is
    313. So, we take 241 as dividend and 1 as quotient.
    The remainder is 72.
    Bring down the next period i.e., 69.
    Now, the trial divisor is 121 x 2 = 242 and the trial
    dividend is 7269. So, we take 3as quotient and 2423
    as divisor. The remainder is then zero.
    Hence, √1471369 = 1213.
    Ex. 3. Evaluate: √248 + √51 + √ 169 .
    Sol. Given expression = √248 + √51 + 13 = √248 + √64 = √ 248 + 8 = √256 = 16.

    Ex. 4. If a * b * c = √(a + 2)(b + 3) / (c + 1), find the value of 6 * 15 * 3.

    Sol. 6 * 15 * 3 = √(6 + 2)(15 + 3) / (3 + 1) = √8 * 18 / 4 = √144 / 4 = 12 / 4 = 3.

    Ex. 5. Find the value of √25/16.

    Sol. √ 25 / 16 = √ 25 / √ 16 = 5 / 4

    Ex. 6. What is the square root of 0.0009?


    Sol. √0.0009= √ 9 / 1000 = 3 / 100 = 0.03.

    Ex. 7. Evaluate √175.2976.


    Sol. Method: We make even number of decimal places 1 175.2976 (13.24
    by affixing a zero, if necessary. Now, we mark off 1
    periods and extract the square root as shown. 23 75
    69
    ∴ √175.2976 = 13.24 262 629
    524
    2644 10576
    10576
    x

    Ex. 8. What will come in place of question mark in each of the following questions?
    (i) √32.4 / ? = 2 (ii) √86.49 + √ 5 + ( ? )2 = 12.3.

    Sol. (i) Let √32.4 / x = 2. Then, 32.4/x = 4 <=> 4x = 32.4 <=> x = 8.1.

    (ii) Let √86.49 + √5 + x2 = 12.3.


    Then, 9.3 + √5+x2 = 12.3 <=> √5+x2 = 12.3 - 9.3 = 3
    <=> 5 + x2 = 9 <=> x2 = 9 - 5= 4 <=> x = √4 = 2.
    Ex.9. Find the value of √ 0.289 / 0.00121.

    Sol. √0.289 / 0.00121 = √0.28900/0.00121 = √28900/121 = 170 / 11.

    Ex.10. If √1 + (x / 144) = 13 / 12, the find the value of x.

    Sol. √1 + (x / 144) = 13 / 12 ⇒ ( 1 + (x / 144)) = (13 / 12 )2 = 169 / 144


    ⇒x / 144 = (169 / 144) - 1
    ⇒x / 144 = 25/144 ⇒ x = 25.

    Ex. 11. Find the value of √3 up to three places of decimal.


    Sol.
    1 3.000000 (1.732
    1
    27 200
    189
    343 1100
    1029
    3462 7100
    6924 ∴ √3 = 1.732.

    Ex. 12. If √3 = 1.732, find the value of √192 - 1 √48 - √75 correct to 3 places
    2
    of decimal. (S.S.C. 2004)
    Sol. √192 - (1 / 2)√48 - √75 = √64 * 3 - (1/2) √ 16 * 3 - √ 25 * 3
    =8√3 - (1/2) * 4√3 - 5√3
    =3√3 - 2√3 = √3 = 1.732

    Ex. 13. Evaluate: √(9.5 * 0.0085 * 18.9) / (0.0017 * 1.9 * 0.021)


    Sol. Given exp. = √(9.5 * 0.0085 * 18.9) / (0.0017 * 1.9 * 0.021)
    Now, since the sum of decimal places in the numerator and denominator under the
    radical sign is the same, we remove the decimal.
    ∴ Given exp = √(95 * 85 * 18900) / (17 * 19 * 21) = √ 5 * 5 * 900 = 5 * 30 = 150.

    Ex. 14. Simplify: √ [( 12.1 )2 - (8.1)2] / [(0.25)2 + (0.25)(19.95)]


    Sol. Given exp. = √ [(12.1 + 8.1)(12.1 - 8.1)] / [(0.25)(0.25 + 19.95)]
    =√ (20.2 * 4) /( 0.25 * 20.2) = √ 4 / 0.25 = √400 / 25 = √16 = 4.
    Ex. 15. If x = 1 + √2 and y = 1 - √2, find the value of (x2 + y2).
    Sol. x2 + y2 = (1 + √2)2 + (1 - √2)2 = 2[(1)2 + (√2)2] = 2 * 3 = 6.

    Ex. 16. Evaluate: √0.9 up to 3 places of decimal.


    Sol.
    9 0.900000(0.948
    81
    184 900
    736
    1888 16400
    15104 ∴ √0.9 = 0.948

    Ex.17. If √15 = 3.88, find the value of √ (5/3).


    Sol. √ (5/3) = √(5 * 3) / (3 * 3) = √15 / 3 = 3.88 / 3 = 1.2933…. = 1.293.

    Ex. 18. Find the least square number which is exactly divisible by 10,12,15 and 18.
    Sol. L.C.M. of 10, 12, 15, 18 = 180. Now, 180 = 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 *5 = 22 * 32 * 5.
    To make it a perfect square, it must be multiplied by 5.
    ∴ Required number = (22 * 32 * 52) = 900.

    Ex. 19. Find the greatest number of five digits which is a perfect square.
    (R.R.B. 1998)
    Sol. Greatest number of 5 digits is 99999.
    3 99999(316
    9
    61 99
    61
    626 3899
    3756
    143
    ∴ Required number == (99999 - 143) = 99856.

    Ex. 20. Find the smallest number that must be added to 1780 to make it a perfect
    square.
    Sol.
    4 1780 (42
    16
    82 180
    164
    16
    ∴ Number to be added = (43)2 - 1780 = 1849 - 1780 = 69.

    Ex. 21. √2 = 1.4142, find the value of √2 / (2 + √2).


    Sol. √2 / (2 + √2) = √2 / (2 + √2) * (2 - √2) / (2 - √2) = (2√2 – 2) / (4 – 2)
    = 2(√2 – 1) / 2 = √2 – 1 = 0.4142.

    22. If x = (√5 + √3) / (√5 - √3) and y = (√5 - √3) / (√5 + √3), find the value of (x2 + y2).
    Sol.
    x = [(√5 + √3) / (√5 - √3)] * [(√5 + √3) / (√5 + √3)] = (√5 + √3)2 / (5 - 3)
    =(5 + 3 + 2√15) / 2 = 4 + √15.
    y = [(√5 - √3) / (√5 + √3)] * [(√5 - √3) / (√5 - √3)] = (√5 - √3)2 / (5 - 3)
    =(5 + 3 - 2√15) / 2 = 4 - √15.
    ∴ x + y2 = (4 + √15)2 + (4 - √15)2 = 2[(4)2 + (√15)2] = 2 * 31 = 62.
    2

    Ex. 23. Find the cube root of 2744.


    Sol. Method: Resolve the given number as the product 2 2744
    of prime factors and take the product of prime 2 1372
    factors, choosing one out of three of the same 2 686
    prime factors. Resolving 2744 as the product of 7 343
    prime factors, we get: 7 49
    7
    2744 = 23 x 73.
    ∴ 3√2744= 2 x 7 = 14.

    Ex. 24. By what least number 4320 be multiplied to obtain a number which is a perfect
    cube?
    Sol. Clearly, 4320 = 23 * 33 * 22 * 5.
    To make it a perfect cube, it must be multiplied by 2 * 52 i.e,50.

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