Part 2: Using FMEA, DFR, Test and Failure Analysis in Lean NPD

Overview
Introduction and Definitions Part 1: Lean Product Development
Customer Defines Value Front Loaded and Knowledge Based Eliminate Redesign Waste

Lean vs. Traditional Product Development Key Elements of Lean NPD

Reliability Requirements

Part 2: Reliability Elements of Lean NPD

Lean FMEA and DRBFM Critical Characteristics DFR and Physics of Failure Accelerated Testing to Failure Failure Analysis and Knowledge Capture

Lean FMEA
Some teams attempt to lean FMEA process by creating product family FMEAs but fail to update FMEA for new applications or changes Instead Lean FMEA Should Focus on New Design Features and Changes to Baseline Design to Assess Associated Risks

Tools to Focus Lean FMEA

Diagramming Tools
Functional Block Diagram Boundary Diagram Parameter Diagram Process Flow Diagram

Highlight Changes to Product or Process on the Diagrams

Functional Block Diagram

Annotate Retained and Changed Items & Functions

Boundary Diagram Construction

Subsystem 1 Subsystem 3

Subsystem 2

Consider a Functional Block Diagram of the System With Modules and Interfaces

Interface -Physical Interface -Info Transfer -Data Transfer -External Input

FMEA Boundary

Parameter Diagram of Product, Process, System

Noise Factors
Forces Beyond Control Cause Output Variation Environment Factors

Signal (Inputs)
Controlled by Input Function

Product, Process, or System

Response (Output, Function)

Performance Mean, Std Dev Customer Requirement

Static or Dynamic May be Variable

Control Factors

Functional Design Parameters Fixed or Adjustable Fundamental to Design of Function Reduce Variation

Elements of the P-Diagram

Process Flow Diagram

Annotate Retained and Changed Process Steps

Selecting Process Steps for Analysis

On Process Flow Map:
Identify Steps Being Modified Identify New Steps Required for New Product

Drill Down to Identify Sub-Steps Within the Target Steps Identified for Analysis Complete Lean PFMEA on Selected Process Steps Integrate with Previous PFMEA on Standard / Unchanged Process Steps

Key Characteristics
Include:
Product Features Manufacturing Processes Assembly Characteristics Product Performance Form, Fit, Function

That Significantly Affect: Lean NPD Focuses on the Critical Few Characteristics the Customer Values

Requirements Documents Customer Specification Regulatory Dimensions Appearance

Key Characteristics

Requirements Document Drawings Robustness Tools Field History Functional Block Diagram Boundary Diagram P-Diagram Interface Matrix
Item / Process Step Potential Failure Mode
Function

Potential Effect(s) of Failure

S e v

C l a s s

O Potential c Cause(s)/ c Mechanism(s) u Of Failure r

Current Design Controls

Prevent Detect

D e t e c

R P N

Action Results Response & Recommended Target S O D R Action Actions Complete E C E P Taken Date V C T N

Technical Requirements, Tools Identify Special Product Characteristics

Weighted Importance Relative Importance

Characteristics Matrix

27 54 261 3 0 54 81 3 0 0 0 27 0 45 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.090 TO 1.110 " FACE OF PRIMARY HOUSING BUSHING TO FACE OF JACK SHAFT 5 SEAL DOWEL PINS 0.260 TO 0.270 " TO 3 FACE JACK SHAFT SEAL AGAINST 9 SHOULDER BEARING FLUSH TO SNAP RING FACE 3 SEAL COMPRESSION HEIGHT 9 PRIMARY GASKET SEAL SURFACE 9FINISH FF SERATION DAMAGE 5

Direction of Improvement

Potential Critical and Significant

Special Characteristics Matrix

H Y

0 81 81 72 0 9

41

Op 100 Step 1 PRE-LOAD DOWEL PINS TO FIXTURE Op 100 Step 2 PRE-LOAD JACK SHAFT SEAL TO FIXTURE Op 100 Step 3 PRE-LOAD PRIMARY HOUSING BUSHING TO FIXTURE Op 110 Pre-load bearing to fixture #2 Op 120 Pre-load main shaft oil seal to mandrel Op 200 Housing to fixture #1 Op 210 Operate press Op 220 Retaining ring to top groove Op 230 Reload fixture #1 Op 300 Housing to fixture #2 Op 310 Operate press Op 320 Retaining ring to top groove Op 330 Mandrel to main shaft bore I.D. OP 340 Operate press Op 350 Re-load fixture #2 and mandrel Op 400 Housing to table Op 410 Reserved Op 420 Chain adj sub assy to housing Op 430 Lubricate bushing & seal Op 445 Move or stage for final assy Op 10 O-ring to shifter tube Op 500 Shifter tube to housing Op 510 Clamp to shifter tube Op 20 Assemble shifter lever Op 520 Wave washer to shifter lever Op 530 Shifter lever to shifter tube Op 535 Que for final assy line

Severity Receive Material Material handling Shipping Damage Component Manufacture Vehicle Assembly

DFMEA & PFMEA

Process Steps Primary Drive Manufacturing Process Steps

Customer Assessment

G G

F F F

H HF HH

F G HH HH

GG

Identifying Key Characteristics

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Severity

Occurrence
Potential Critical Characteristic Potential Key Characteristic Possible Annoyance Zone

Potential Critical and Significant

SEAL FACE SHOULDER SEAL COMPRESSION HEIGHT DOWEL PINS 0.260 TO 0.270 " TO SERATION DAMAGE JACK SHAFT SEAL AGAINST

BUSHING TO FACE OF JACK SHAFT

BEARING FLUSH TO SNAP RING FACE

Direction of Improvement

PRIMARY GASKET SEAL SURFACE FINISH

1.090 TO 1.110 " FACE OF PRIMARY HOUSING

Weighted Importance

Relative Importance Special Characteristics Matrix 5 9 9 3 9 3 5

Severity Receive Material Material handling Shipping Damage Component Manufacture Vehicle Assembly

0 81

81

72

0 9

41

Op 100 Step 1 PRE-LOAD DOWEL PINS TO FIXTURE Op 100 Step 2 PRE-LOAD JACK SHAFT SEAL TO FIXTURE Op 100 Step 3 PRE-LOAD PRIMARY HOUSING BUSHING TO FIXTURE Op 110 Pre-load bearing to fixture #2

0 27 54 261 3 0 54 81 3 0 0 0 27 0 45 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

M M M M M M H L M H H M H H H

Op 120 Pre-load main shaft oil seal to mandrel Op 200 Housing to fixture #1 Op 210 Operate press Op 220 Retaining ring to top groove Op 230 Reload fixture #1 Op 300 Housing to fixture #2 Op 310 Operate press Op 320 Retaining ring to top groove Op 330 Mandrel to main shaft bore I.D. OP 340 Operate press

Process Steps

Characteristics from Requirements and DFMEA

Primary Drive Manufacturing Process Steps

M H L L

Op 350 Re-load fixture #2 and mandrel Op 400 Housing to table Op 410 Reserved Op 420 Chain adj sub assy to housing Op 430 Lubricate bushing & seal Op 445 Move or stage for final assy Op 10 O-ring to shifter tube Op 500 Shifter tube to housing Op 510 Clamp to shifter tube Op 20 Assemble shifter lever Op 520 Wave washer to shifter lever Op 530 Shifter lever to shifter tube Op 535 Que for final assy line

Process Steps from Flow Chart

Special Characteristics Matrix

Effect of Step on Characteristics

Customer Assessment

Developing the Control Plan

Prioritize Process Risks Identified in the PFMEA and the Special Characteristics Matrix Process Flow Diagram Lessons Learned from Similar Processes Process Control Data from Related Processes Measurements Required for Process Control SPC Control Limits Complete the Items in Control Plan Template

Control Plan Items

Machine, Device, Jig, Tools for Mfg. No. Product Process For each operation that is described, identify the processing equipment machine, device, jig, or other tools for manufacturing, as appropriate. Enter a cross reference number from all applicable documents such as, but not limited to, process flow diagram, numbered blue print, FMEAs, and sketches. Features or properties of a part, component or assembly that are described on drawings or other primary engineering info. Compilation of important product characteristics. Process variables that have a cause and effect relationship with the identified product characteristic. Identify those process characteristics for which variation must be controlled to minimize product variation. There may be more than one process characteristic for each product characteristic. Specifications/tolerance may be obtained from various engineering documents, such as, but not limited to, drawings, design reviews, material standard, computer aided design data, manufacturing, and/or assembly requirements. Identify the measurement system being used, including, gages, fixtures, tools, and/or test equipment required to measure the part/process/manufacturing equipment. When sampling is required list the corresponding size and frequency. Brief description of how the operation will be controlled, including procedure numbers where applicable. Operations may be controlled by SPC, inspection, attribute data, mistake proofing, sampling plans, and other. If elaborate control procedures are used, reference document by ID name/number. Specify the corrective actions necessary to avoid producing nonconforming products or operating out of control. May also refer to a specific reaction plan number and identify the person responsible for the action.

Product/Process Specifications/ Tolerance Evaluation/ Measurement/ Technique Sample Control Method

Reaction Plan

Using the Control Plan

For Critical Characteristics, Use Control Plan to Identify:
Measurements: How, When, How Often Controls to Keep Characteristic in Tolerance Actions if Characteristic Out of Tolerance
Containment Corrective Actions

Robust Design + Controlled Processes = Reliable Products

DRBFM and DRBTR

Design Review Based on Failure Modes & Test Results

Key Elements of Mizenboushi (Reliability Problem Prevention) GD3 (Good Design, Good Discussion, Good Dissection) Toyotas Creative FMEA Method

Problem Prevention GD3

Good Design = Robust Design
Design for Reliability (DFR) Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)

Good Discussion = Eliminate Risk

Apply Design Review Based on Failure Modes (DRBFM) to identify problems and develop countermeasures or corrections Apply Design Review Based on Test Results (DRBTR) to Evaluate Effectiveness. Test to Failure & Analysis of Test Failures is Critical

Good Dissection = Effective Validation

GD3 Problem Resolution

Total Problems to be Solved

Good Design
(Robust Design To Prevent Problems) Unknown Problems Discovered Problems Development Pre-Production

OBJECTIVE:

Discover & Resolve All Problems Before Launch

Good Discussion Good Dissection (Discover Unknown Problems)

Validation

DRBFM Approach
Elements from FMEA, FTA, and Design Review
These tools previously used for management and control of projects Toyota developed creative FMEA approach Shift focus to improve perceptiveness and problem solving

Focus is on finding and preventing problems not completing forms and checklists (which de-motivate participants)

DRBFM Application

DRBFM is a Forum for Thinking

Teamwork and Participation
What has changed? * What did you change? Why? * What surrounding conditions have changed outside your control?

Concerns about the changes? *Your Concerns? What other concerns? * Draw on expertise and knowledge of past problems When will concerns appear? *Could concerns become causes of failures or incidents? Visualize concerns & causes What effects will there be? *How will causes effect the customer? * Consider effects on the OEM and end user

What preventive measures *What has been done to assure concerns will have been & should be taken? not actually appear? *Consider other measures that can be implemented

Source: Bill Haughey, DRBFM, Applied Reliability Symposium, June 2007, March 2008

How is DRBFM Done?

Preparation for the Design Review Conducting the DRBFM Capturing the Inputs Assigning and Tracking Actions to Completion

Pre-Work for the DRBFM

Design Engineer or Core Team:
Functional Diagram, Operating Environment Changes from Previous Baseline Design Drawings and Analysis Failed and Sectioned Parts Draft DRBFM with Components / Changes, Concerns with Causes and Factors, Effect on Customer, Design to Eliminate Concerns

Participants (Functional Experts):

Perceptive mindset, interest in improving product Past experience and knowledge on similar items

Capturing the Data

Typical DRBFM Session

Source: A Guide to GD3 Activities and DRBFM Technique to Prevent Trouble, Kano & Shimizu, Toyota 2001

Changes and Results Documented

Source: Carl Hanser Verlag, QZ, Munich, 4-2005

Linking DRBFM with FMEA

DRBFM captures the information needed for FMEA except scoring Scoring columns can be added to fill need for FMEA if required by customer or standards

DRBFM to FMEA (1)

DRBFM Form:

C
Item

Potential Cause(s) / Mechanism(s) of Failure

O c c u r Current Design Controls

D e t e c
R P N . . .

Item Function

Potential Failure Mode

Potential Effect(s) of Failure

S l e a v s
s

FMEA Form

Add Scores

DRBFM to FMEA (2)

DRBFM Form:

D Current Design Controls e t e c R. P. N. Recommended Actions Responsibility & Target Date Actions Taken Action Results
S e v O c c D e t R. P. N.

FMEA Form:

Add Scores

Add Scores

DRBFM System Integration

Source: SAE Paper 2003-01-2877, Shimizu, Imagawa, Noguchi, Reliability Problem Prevention for Automotive Components

Applying DRBFM in Lean NPD

Use Missing Knowledge Decision Flow from Lean QFD as starting point These unknowns and known changes from current technology or design are the greatest risks Focus DRBFM on these unknown and changed areas during concept and prototype team reviews & Integration Points

Integrating Product & Process Design

DFMA Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Integrated Product and Process FMEA / DRBFM Concurrent Engineering Team Visual Management Decision Flow and Value Stream Map to Manage Tasks

Impact of Lean Focused FMEA

Allocation of Resources Targeted to Reduce Highest Risks and Unknowns Impact Product and Process Design Drive Test Planning and Analysis to Resolve Issues and Understand Unknowns Verify Corrective Action Effectiveness Critical Characteristics and Process Measurement / Control

Lean FMEA Summary

Focus FMEA on Changes in Design or Process Use Supporting Tools to Narrow Focus:
Parameter & Boundary Diagrams Process Flow Charts DRBFM Techniques Characteristics Matrix

Use Lean NPD Tools to Identify Unknowns, Apply Resources, Assign Tasks

Design for Reliability and Robustness

How do we Design-in Reliability?

Stress Analysis and Test
Find Product Limits & Understand User Needs Products fail due to variation or in limit environments where stress exceeds strength Stress and strength distributions:

DFR Strategies

Stress-Strength vs. Age

Reducing Stress / Strength Interference

Increase strength of the part
Understand operating environment stresses Select more robust parts or materials Increase design margin Supplement deterministic design with probabilistic tools

Reduce part strength variability

ROBUST DESIGN + CONTROLLED PROCESSES = RELIABLE PRODUCT

Understand sources of part variation and deterioration Controlled production process (SPC) Protect vulnerable components

Robust Design Tools

DFSS and DFR Tools: Differences and Commonality

Probabilistic Design

Applied Reliability Engineering, Rousch and Webb, Center for Reliability Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Jan 2006

Reliability Based Design Optimization

Elements of Probabilistic Design

Understand physics of failure and stresses that precipitate failure Use predictive modeling and accelerated test to failure to estimate probability of failure Consider variability of applied stresses and variability of product strength Eliminate stress-strength interference

Physics of Failure Approach

Robust Design Considerations FMEA or DRBFM Methods
Design Review Based on Failure Modes Integrates FMEA and Design Review

Test to Failure and Understand Cause Mechanisms Failure Analysis Methods

Understand Physics of Failure

What physical phenomenon in the part is caused by the stresses applied? If we understand the root cause, we can improve strength or reduce variability to prevent or mitigate the failure. Most hardware failures can be traced to four physical categories / mechanisms:
Wear Corrosion / Contamination Mechanical Failure (fatigue, vibration resonance, etc.) Overstress (electrical or mechanical, transients)

Physics of Failure Tools

Tools Used in Physics of Failure Analysis
Principal Physics Model CAD Drawings / Solid Modeling Finite Element Analysis

Dynamic Simulation (Transients) Fatigue Analysis (Cumulative Damage) Thermal Analysis Accelerated Testing Simulation

Design of Experiments (DOE)

Tool to Evaluate Design Alternatives Determine Factors and Response May need Two Phased DOE Approach

Fractional Design to Find Main Factors Full Factorial Design to Evaluate Effects and Interactions on Reduced Set of Factors Consider Time and Cost

Analysis of Results and Optimization of Solution

Iterative DOE Process

Larry Gonzales, Raytheon, Experiment Design for Engineers & Scientists, Applied Reliability Symposium, 2009.

Use Trade-Off Curves to Capture Knowledge

Point Data from Analysis and Experiments Relationship Between Key Parameters Apply to Support Design Decisions

Trade-Off Curves

Capture Knowledge from Point Solutions

Trade Off Curve Example

Key is Understanding
Methods Build Knowledge of Alternatives
Physics of Failure Design of Experiments Design for Robustness and Reliability

Enable Better Design Decisions Eliminate or Reduce Redesign Waste

Reliability Testing and Data Analysis

Phased Robustness Testing

Prototype Phase
Accelerated Test to Failure (Well beyond Spec HALT, Step Stress, Specific Stresses and Failure Modes)

Design Verification Phase

Quantitative Accelerated Life Test Selected Qualification Tests

Production Validation
Demonstrate Corrective Action is Effective Validate Final Product Made on Production Tools

Robustness Indicator Figure

Requirement or Specification If Requirement Exceeds Test Result or has Small Margin, Design is Not Robust Margin or Robustness of Design Factor

Factors

(Temperature, Vibration, Humidity etc) (Can be Created in Excel using Radar Chart)

Analysis & Test Results for Each Factor on current or new product

Understand Failure mechanisms Understand Operating and Design Limits Clarify Use Level Stress Application Conduct Qualitative tests like HALT or stepstress tests to define product limits and failure modes Conduct Quantitative ALT to extrapolate life at use level conditions
Times to Failure at Accelerated Stress Levels Use life-stress relationships and distributions

General Approach to Accelerated Life Test (ALT)

ALT Plan
Stresses to be Considered Life-Stress Relationship for Each Stress Application Use Level for Each Stress Use Level Failure Criteria / Threshold Test Duration and Resources Available Consider Use of DOE to help estimate:
Stress Factors with Most Effect Probability of Failure at Specified Use Level Probability of Failure at Maximum Stress Interactions to Help Define Life-Stress Relationship

Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) Qualitative ALT

1. Improve Reliability by Finding Weaknesses and Correcting Them Early. 2. Establish Upper and Lower Operating and Destruct Limits of Environmental Stressors 3. Typically done in Temperature & Vibration Chamber for Electronics & Electromechanical Products 4. Concept can be Applied to Other Stressors (Voltage, Current, Mechanical Loads, etc.)

Quantitative ALT
Test to Failure at Multiple Accelerated Stress Levels Use Analysis to Extrapolate Reliability or Life at Application Use Level Stress Can be Used to Demonstrate Ability to Meet Reliability Requirements

Cautions on Acceleration
Understanding product limits helps prevent accelerating to unrepresentative stresses and failure modes Time Temperature
Consider Heat Buildup Effects of Cycling

Power

Material Phase transitions Non-linear response High temperature or thermal cycling? Protective and limit devices Transients Mechanical limits or resonances

Vibration

What failure mechanism are we accelerating?

Data Collected
Test Parameters Measured
Temperature, Power Density, Cycle Rate, Vibration, Humidity, Voltage, etc. applied Product Response or Function (monitor during test)

Time to Failure or Run Time (Suspended)

At least 3 Different Stress Levels Fit Data Points to Appropriate Distribution

Product Limits from Step Stress Test Failure Mode Observations

Data Analysis
Analyze Data and Extrapolate Life at Use Level Stress Life-Stress Relationships (predictive models)
Arrhenius Temperature Eyring Temperature or humidity Inverse Power Law Voltage, Power, Mechanical Multiple Life-Stress Models
Temperature / Humidity Temperature / Non-Thermal: Temp / Voltage or Power General Log Linear: multiple accelerating stresses Proportional Hazards: multiple covariates Cumulative Damage Time varying stress profiles

Data Analysis Use Level

ReliaSoft ALTA 7 - www.ReliaSoft.com 99.000

Use Level Probability Weibull

Use Level CB@90% 1-Sided TB Data 1 General Log-Linear Weibull 328|10|1 F=35 | S=51 Data Points Use Level Line Top CB-I Bottom CB-I

90.000

50.000

10.000

Unreliability

5.000

1.000

0.500

0.100 1000.000 Beta=3.7483; Alpha(0)=-6.0220; Alpha(1)=5776.9341; Alpha(2)=-1.4340; Alpha(3)=0.6242

John Paschkewitz Watlow Electric Mfg Co 2/4/2008 3:39:07 PM 10000.000 100000.000

Time

Data Analysis - Distribution

ReliaSoft ALTA 7 - www.ReliaSoft.com 3.000E-4

Probability Density Function

Pdf Data 1 General Log-Linear Weibull 328|10|1 F=35 | S=51 Pdf Line

2.400E-4

1.800E-4

f(t)
1.200E-4 6.000E-5

0.000

John Paschkewitz Watlow Electric Mfg Co 2/4/2008 3:41:01 PM 0.000 4000.000 8000.000 12000.000 16000.000 20000.000

Time
Beta=3.7483; Alpha(0)=-6.0220; Alpha(1)=5776.9341; Alpha(2)=-1.4340; Alpha(3)=0.6242

Life vs. Stress as Trade-Off

Re lia Soft AL TA 7 - w w w .Re lia Soft.c om 10000.000

L ife v s Stre s s
L ife CB@ 90% 1-Side d TB

A LT C y c les f rom 250 t o 400 C A LT C y c les f rom 250 t o 430 C

1000.000

L if e , C y c le s

R eg ion of A c c e p ta b l e W a tt D e n s i ty

A LT C y c les f rom 250 t o 500 C

R eg ion of U n a c c e p ta b l e W a tt D e n s i ty
100.000

Ax c e lis AL T N iCr W W D L -S I nv e rs e Pow e r L a w L ognorm a l 132.4 F = 5 | S= 1 M e a n L ife L ine Top CB M e a n Bottom CB M e a n 157.8 Stre s s L e v e l Points M e dia n Point I m pos e d Pdf 186.7 Stre s s L e v e l Points M e dia n Point I m pos e d Pdf 281.6 Stre s s L e v e l Points M e dia n Point I m pos e d Pdf

0. 168" dia s heat h . 021" dia P C N iC r w ire c y c led us ing c ont rolled dut y c y c le ram p ov er 78 m inut e c y c le

10.000

50.000

100.000

132

W ir e W a t t D e n sit y ,

187

282

500

700

J ohn Pa s c hk e w itz W a tlow Ele c tric M fg Co 10/ 8/ 2009 3:06:05 PM 1000.000

wsi

Std= 0.7937; K= 7.1350E-12; n= 3.6556

Production Validation Test

Repeat selected Qualification Tests on any Changes in Product or Process Test Samples made on Production Processes On-Going Reliability Test (ORT)
HASS Highly Accelerated Stress Screening HASA Highly Accelerated Stress Audit Periodic HALT Re-Test on Production Units

Failure Analysis / FRACAS

Failure Analysis Tools

Basic
Recovery of Failed Samples Electrical Test, Microscopy, Digital Photography X-Ray (Real Time Digital is Particularly Helpful) Tools or Chemicals to remove layers Defects, Corrosion, Material Failure

Non-Destructive Methods

Disassembly / De-capsulation

Scanning Electron Microscopy & EDS Acoustic Microscopy / Imaging (Voids / Defects) Some Internal, Others at Outside Labs

NDT Electrical Characteristics

Curve Tracer Showing Good and Failed Part Response

Real Time Digital X-Ray

Real Time X-Ray Example

Digital X-Ray Examples

SEM / EDS

Example of SEM / EDS Analysis

Pt: Rh: Al 87:10 : 3

Pt : Rh : Si 82.7:10.3:6.7

PCB Failure Analysis Methods

Thomas Paquette, Insight Analytical Labs, Test & Measurement World, August 2006.

Failure Analysis Summary

Progressive Use of Tools from NDT to Dissection and Cross-Section Exam Objective is to Find Physical Evidence of Failure Mechanism Document with Photos and Analysis to Capture Knowledge Gained Update FMEA or DRBFM with FA Findings

Failure Reporting, Analysis & Corrective Action System

FRACAS

Build Knowledge Base Process and Tool

Reliability & Quality of Product, Service, Process or Software is Tracked, Measured, and Improved Applies to Entire Product Life Cycle Consistently Ranked Among the Most Important Reliability Tasks Closed Loop: Ability to Feed Root Cause & Corrective Action Information Back Into Design Process for Further Improvement

Hierarchy of Failure Causes

Customer Induced

Repair Induced Manufacturing & Quality Related Failures

Design Related Failures Capture Failures from Verification Test to Field Operation

Capturing FA Knowledge
Capture Failure Analysis Results in Searchable Tool
Commercial Data Base Tool A3 Format Documents with Keywords SharePoint (Microsoft)

Key is Ability to Retrieve Knowledge with Minimal Search Effort Lean NPD is Knowledge Based Key is Continually Adding to Accessible Knowledge

Summary
Features of Lean NPD for Reliability
Front End Focus to Gain Knowledge
Basis for Better Design Decisions

Design for Robustness, Reliability Understand Physics of Failure

Testing to Learn and Verify

Test to Failure and Understand Causes

Knowledge Capture for Future Re-use Develop & Control Critical Characteristics

References
King, John P. and Jewett, William S.; Robustness Development and Reliability Growth; Prentice-Hall, Boston, 2010. SAE International, J1211, April 2009, Handbook for Robustness Validation of Automotive Electrical / Electronic Modules. Robustness Validation Manual, ZVEI, January 2010; www.zvei.org/RobustnessValidation Jusko, Jill; New Models for Product Development, Industry Week, April 21, 2010. Morgan, James and Liker, Jeffrey; The Toyota Product Development System, Productivity Press, New York, 2006.

References
Sarakakis, Georgios; Fundamentals of Life Data Analysis: Concepts and Applications, Tutorial, 2010 Applied Reliability Symposium Proceedings, June 17, 2010. Wiggins, Brian, A Simpler Look at Product Development, Product Design & Development, October 8, 2010. Mascatelli, R., The Lean Product Development Guidebook, 2007. Soderborg, Dr. Nathan, Lean Product Development, WCBF DFSS Conference, Feb. 2008 Using DOE Results in Design of ALT, Reliability Edge, Vol 10, Issue 2, pp. 1-7.

References
SAE 2003-01-2877, Reliability Problem Prevention Method for Automotive Components, H. Shimizu, T. Imagawa, H. Noguchi. A Guide to GD3 Activities and DRBFM Technique to Prevent Trouble, S. Kano, H. Shimizu, Toyota, 2001. Lean Product Development, Eric Rebentisch, Oct 5, 2005, MIT Open Courseware,

Bill Haughey, DRBFM, Applied Reliability Symposium, June 2007, March 2008 Lean FMEA Training, Quality Associates International, at www.quality-one.com AIAG, FMEA, 4th Edition, June 2008, pp.135-138.

http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-852jintegrating-the-lean-enterprise-fall-2005/lecture-notes/8_rebentisc_leng.pdf

Feedback / Follow-up
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