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8.325: Relativistic Quantum Field Theory III Problem Set 2

This document contains a problem set for a relativistic quantum field theory course. The problems involve: 1) Showing that an effective action is invariant under field transformations using properties of the generating functional. 2) Constructing Dyson-Schwinger equations relating the propagator and 1PI vertices for a φ^3 theory. This determines the vertices perturbatively in terms of the coupling constant g. 3) The leading perturbative contributions to higher 1PI vertices are generated at one loop order. The three-point vertex can be expanded perturbatively to O(g^5) by iterative use of the Dyson-Schwinger equations.

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belderandover09
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61 views

8.325: Relativistic Quantum Field Theory III Problem Set 2

This document contains a problem set for a relativistic quantum field theory course. The problems involve: 1) Showing that an effective action is invariant under field transformations using properties of the generating functional. 2) Constructing Dyson-Schwinger equations relating the propagator and 1PI vertices for a φ^3 theory. This determines the vertices perturbatively in terms of the coupling constant g. 3) The leading perturbative contributions to higher 1PI vertices are generated at one loop order. The three-point vertex can be expanded perturbatively to O(g^5) by iterative use of the Dyson-Schwinger equations.

Uploaded by

belderandover09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

325: Relativistic Quantum Field Theory III


Problem Set 2
Due date: 18
th
February, 2014
1. (5 points) Eective action:
Consider the eective action, [

i
] = W[J
i
]

x
J
x,i

x,i
for a set of scalar elds
x,i
=
i
(x). The

are the
classical solutions in the presence of sources:

i
=
W
Ji
. Suppose the action and the functional integration
measure D =

i
D
i
are invariant under the transformation

i
(x)

i
(x) =

d
4
yR
ij
(x, y)
j
(y) (1)
for some function R
ij
(x, y).
(a) Show that the generating functional for connected diagrams is invariant under
J
i
(x) J

i
(x) =

d
4
yR
ij
(y, x)J
i
(y) (2)
(b) Show that the eective action is invariant under Eq. (1).
2. (15 points) Dyson-Schwinger equations:
Consider the real scalar
3
theory dened by the Lagrangian
L =
1
2

+ m
2

+
g
6

3
, (3)
and partition function and eective action
Z[J] = e
iW[J]
=

De
i(S+
R
x
Jxx)
, [ ] = W[J]

x
J
x

x
, (4)
where S =

x
L
x
is the action, J =


is an external source, and =
J
=
W
J
.
(a) Starting from the relation

D

exp[i(S+

J)] = 0, and making use of functional derivatives, construct


an equation that determines the propagator
xy
i

2
W
JxJy

J=0
(the connected two-point function) in
terms of itself and the one particle irreducible (1PI) three point function,
abc


3

a
b
c

=0
.
(b) Using an additional functional derivative, construct the Dyson-Schwinger equation that determine
abc
in
terms of itself, the propagator, and
abcd


4

a
b
c
d

=0
.
(c) From the Lagrangian, you know the tree level O(g
0
) two-point function,
(0)
xy
, and the tree level three-point
function is
(1)
abc
g where we are using the superscript to label the perturbative order in the coupling g to
which the Green function is accurate. Clearly the (n > 3)-point 1PI functions vanish at tree level and are
only generated at higher orders in the coupling. At what order is the leading perturbative contribution to
the 1PI n-point functions (draw a diagram)?
(d) Use the relations that you have found above to generate the perturbative expansion for the three-point
vertex up to O(g
5
). You can use the Dyson-Schwinger equations iteratively: using
(j)
ab...
on the RHS of the
equations, they determine
(j+1)
ab...
.

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