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    Business23 Leibniz Notation of The Derivative

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    marchelo_chelo
    This document discusses Leibniz notation for derivatives. It introduces Leibniz notation as a way to denote the derivative of a function f(x) as dy/dx = f'(x). The notation provides advantages like showing the units of the derivative. For example, if position s is a function of time t, the derivative ds/dt represents velocity in meters/second. Examples show using the notation to find derivatives and their units at specific values. The derivative can also be used to approximate nearby function values using the formula f(b) ≈ f'(a)(b - a) + f(a).

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    Business23 Leibniz Notation of The Derivative

    Uploaded by

    marchelo_chelo
    81 views2 pages
    This document discusses Leibniz notation for derivatives. It introduces Leibniz notation as a way to denote the derivative of a function f(x) as dy/dx = f'(x). The notation provides advantages like showing the units of the derivative. For example, if position s is a function of time t, the derivative ds/dt represents velocity in meters/second. Examples show using the notation to find derivatives and their units at specific values. The derivative can also be used to approximate nearby function values using the formula f(b) ≈ f'(a)(b - a) + f(a).

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    Business Calculus

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    Business23 Leibniz Notation of the Derivative

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    This document discusses Leibniz notation for derivatives. It introduces Leibniz notation as a way to denote the derivative of a function f(x) as dy/dx = f'(x). The notation provides advantages like showing the units of the derivative. For example, if position s is a function of time t, the derivative ds/dt represents velocity in meters/second. Examples show using the notation to find derivatives and their units at specific values. The derivative can also be used to approximate nearby function values using the formula f(b) ≈ f'(a)(b - a) + f(a).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views2 pages

    Business23 Leibniz Notation of The Derivative

    Uploaded by

    marchelo_chelo
    This document discusses Leibniz notation for derivatives. It introduces Leibniz notation as a way to denote the derivative of a function f(x) as dy/dx = f'(x). The notation provides advantages like showing the units of the derivative. For example, if position s is a function of time t, the derivative ds/dt represents velocity in meters/second. Examples show using the notation to find derivatives and their units at specific values. The derivative can also be used to approximate nearby function values using the formula f(b) ≈ f'(a)(b - a) + f(a).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Arkansas Tech University

    MATH 2243: Business Calculus


    Dr. Marcel B. Finan
    13 Leibniz Notation for The Derivative
    When dealing with mathematical models that involve derivatives it is conve-
    nient to denote the prime notation of the derivative of a function y = f(x)
    by
    dy
    dx
    . That is,
    dy
    dx
    = f

    (x)
    This notation is called Leibniz notation (due to W.G. Leibniz). For exam-
    ple, we can write
    dy
    dx
    = 2x for y

    = 2x.
    When using Leibniz notation to denote the value of the derivative at a point
    a we will write
    dy
    dx

    x=a
    Thus, to evaluate
    dy
    dx
    = 2x at x = 2 we would write
    dy
    dx

    x=2
    = 2x|
    x=2
    = 2(2) = 4.
    Remark 13.1
    Even though
    dy
    dx
    appears as a fraction but it is not. It is just an alterna-
    tive notation for the derivative. A concept called dierential will provide
    meaning to symbols like dy and dx.
    One of the advantages of Leibniz notation is the recognition of the units
    of the derivative. For example, if the position function s(t) is expressed in
    meters and the time t in seconds then the units of the velocity function
    ds
    dt
    are meters/sec.
    In general, the units of the derivative are the units of the dependent variable
    divided by the units of the independent variable.
    Example 13.1
    The cost, C ( in dollars) to produce x gallons of ice cream can be expressed
    as C = f(x). What are the units of measurements and the meaning of the
    statement
    dC
    dx

    x=200
    = 1.4?
    1
    Solution.
    dC
    dx
    is measured in dollars per gallon. The notation
    dC
    dx

    x=200
    = 1.4
    means that if 200 gallons of ice cream have already been produced then the
    cost of producing the next gallon will be roughly 1.4 dollars.
    Example 13.2
    The derivative of the velocity function v is called acceleration and is denoted
    by a. Suppose that v is measured in meters/seconds, what are the units of
    a?
    Solution.
    The units of a are meters/seconds/seconds = meters/seconds
    2
    .
    Local Linear Approximation
    Finally, one can use the derivative at a point to approximate values of the
    function at nearby points. For example, if we know the values of f(a) and
    f

    (a) then for a nearby point b the value of f(b) is found by the formula
    f(b) f

    (a)(b a) + f(a).
    Example 13.3
    Climbing health care costs have been a source of concern for some time. Use
    the data in the table below to estimate the average per capita expenditure
    in 1991 and 2010 assuming that the costs climb at the same rate since 1990.
    Year 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
    Per capita expenditure ($) 349 591 1055 1596 2714
    Solution.
    Between 1985 and 1990 the rate of increase in the costs is
    27141596
    5
    = $223.60
    per year. Since we are assuming that the costs continue to increase at the
    same rate. we can write
    C(1991) C(1990) + C

    (1990)(1991 1990) = 2714 + 223.60 = $2937.60


    and
    C(2010) = 2714 + 223.60(10) = $7, 186.
    2

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