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    EAS-450 - Physics and Chemistry of The Earth Lab Exercise - Focal Mechanisms

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    Mohsin Tariq
    1. This lab exercise involves determining earthquake focal mechanisms through analysis of seismic station data and graphical methods. Students will analyze data from a 1990 earthquake in Turkey and determine the fault plane orientations and type of faulting. 2. Students will then examine the regional tectonic setting around the earthquake, locate major faults in the area, and use additional focal mechanisms and earthquake distributions to infer relative block motions and compare to GPS measurements. 3. As part of the analysis, students must produce a schematic map showing their observations of block motions and relationships to the major active faults in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

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    EAS-450 - Physics and Chemistry of The Earth Lab Exercise - Focal Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Mohsin Tariq
    52 views4 pages
    1. This lab exercise involves determining earthquake focal mechanisms through analysis of seismic station data and graphical methods. Students will analyze data from a 1990 earthquake in Turkey and determine the fault plane orientations and type of faulting. 2. Students will then examine the regional tectonic setting around the earthquake, locate major faults in the area, and use additional focal mechanisms and earthquake distributions to infer relative block motions and compare to GPS measurements. 3. As part of the analysis, students must produce a schematic map showing their observations of block motions and relationships to the major active faults in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

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    EAS450_lab6_focmec

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    1. This lab exercise involves determining earthquake focal mechanisms through analysis of seismic station data and graphical methods. Students will analyze data from a 1990 earthquake in Turkey and determine the fault plane orientations and type of faulting. 2. Students will then examine the regional tectonic setting around the earthquake, locate major faults in the area, and use additional focal mechanisms and earthquake distributions to infer relative block motions and compare to GPS measurements. 3. As part of the analysis, students must produce a schematic map showing their observations of block motions and relationships to the major active faults in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    52 views4 pages

    EAS-450 - Physics and Chemistry of The Earth Lab Exercise - Focal Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Mohsin Tariq
    1. This lab exercise involves determining earthquake focal mechanisms through analysis of seismic station data and graphical methods. Students will analyze data from a 1990 earthquake in Turkey and determine the fault plane orientations and type of faulting. 2. Students will then examine the regional tectonic setting around the earthquake, locate major faults in the area, and use additional focal mechanisms and earthquake distributions to infer relative block motions and compare to GPS measurements. 3. As part of the analysis, students must produce a schematic map showing their observations of block motions and relationships to the major active faults in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    EAS-450 Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

    Lab exercise - Focal Mechanisms


    Objective: Wave propagation (using Snells law), determination and interpretation of earthquake
    focal mechanisms.
    Wave propagation
    1. Your foot is trapped under a railwa sleeper. You feel the rail vi!rate and then "# s later ou
    hear a faint whistle. $he train is coming% &stimate how much time ou have to free
    ourself.
    ". ' ()ra arrives at the core)mantle !oundar with an angle of "*
    o
    , at what angle does it enter
    the core+ Same question for an S)ra.
    ,. ' ra travels down through the interior of a sphericall laered planet and encouters a laer
    that e-tends from ,1## km to ,### km radius. .f the velocities a!ove, with, and !elow the
    laer are respectivel 1#, 11, and 1" km/s and the ra was incident to the laer at an angle of
    0#
    o
    , at what angle will the ra leave the laer+
    Earthquake focal mechanisms
    1raphical method to determine focal mechanisms2
    1. (lace a sheet of tracing paper over a thum!tack protruding from the center of an equal)area
    pro3ection net (4 Schmidt pro3ection).
    ". 5ark the north a-is on the tracing paper.
    ,. 5ark the location of seismic stations and first motion2
    a. 5ark the a6imuth of the station on the tracing paper.
    !. 7otate the tracing paper to !ring that mark to north.
    c. 7ead the take)off angle from the center of the pro3ection towards north.
    d. (ut a small circle at that position, solid for dilatational first motion, open for
    compressional.
    e. 7epeat this for ever seismic station.
    0. 8nce all the first motions are plotted, rotate the tracing paper to find a great circle that
    separates compressional to dilatational first motions.
    *. Without moving the tracing paper, count 9#
    o
    perpendicular to that plane and mark it as :(
    (for pole).
    ;. 7otate the tracing paper to find the second great circle that separates compressional to
    dilatational first motions and, in addition, contains ( (this will ensure that the two focal
    planes are perpendicular).
    <. 7ead the a6imuth and dip of the two nodal plane.
    =. 5ark the position of the ( and $ a-es (the are !oth located in a plane perpendicular to the
    nodal planes and make a 0*> with the nodal planes).
    $he ta!le !elow give the a6im and take of angle of first motion data recorded at 1* seismic
    stations for the &r6incan aftershock of 'pril 1", 1990.
    station azimuth take-off first-motion
    ALI 220 50 D
    ME2 314 66 D
    KAN 17 6 D
    !A" 22 6# D
    E"D 133 77 D
    DEM 150 7 D
    $I" 121 7 %
    %NK 156 7# D
    &AN 76 62 %
    'EL 327 62 D
    $%N 2#0 62 %
    E&K 312 62 %
    &() 31 62 D
    *A2 7# 62 %
    M(L 2#7 62 %
    !%L 67 62 %
    AL) 5# 62 D
    $%M 320 62 %
    $%2 320 62 D
    *A& 30 62 %
    *IN 2#5 62 %
    +A" 24 62 D
    KI, 311 62 %
    AK& 24 62 D
    &%) 2#5 62 %
    1. ?etermine graphicall the focal mechanisn (use Schmidt stereonet attached) and write our
    results in the the ta!le !elow2
    strike .i/
    no.a0 /0ane 1
    no.a0 /0ane 2
    azimuth /0un1e
    '-a2is
    )-a2is
    ". 1iven the seismotectonic conte-t of this earthquake (see figure !elow)2
    a. Which is the likel fault plane+
    !. What is the tpe of faulting+
    c. .s our solution compati!le with the general sense of plate motion in the area as well with
    the orientation of the acting fault and the orientation of stress/deformation in the area+
    &picentres of aftershocks !etween 5arch "1 and @une 1;, 199" of the 5arch 1,, 199" &r6incan
    earthquake, $urke. $he open circles represent the main shock and its strongest aftershock on
    5arch 1*, and the open star the analsed aftershock. A1, A" and A, are secondar faults to the
    Borth 'natolian Aault (B'A). Clack arrows ) directions of relative plate motion, open arrows )
    direction of ma-imum hori6ontal compression as derived from centroid moment tensor solutions
    of stronger earthquakes.
    ,. Dets look at the !igger picture, see figures !elow.
    a. Docate the main faults2 Borth 'natolian fault, &ast 'natolian fault, 'egean su!duction,
    5armara sea faults, 'egean sea faults, Eaucasus faults, Fagros front, ?ead Sea fault.
    !. Gse the focal mechanisms to determine the sense of motion and tpe of fault for each of
    these faults.
    c. Gse the earthquake distri!ution and the earthquake focal mechanisms to infer the relative
    motion of tectonic !locks in that area.
    d. Eompare with 1(S measurements.
    Your paper must include a schematic map of the area with our main o!servations (arrows
    showing !lock motions, etc.)
    5a3or active faults and earthquake focal mechanisms in the &astern 5editerranean.
    Hori6ontal velocit of geodetic sites measured with 1(S. Ielocities are given with respect to the
    &urasian plate.
    (figures from 5cElusk et al. @. 1eophs. 7es., "###)

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