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IS 4457 (2007): Ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resisting
tile - [CED 5: Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing]
., ,,. ,. ..,. .
IS 4457: 2(MI7
Indian Standard
CERAMIC UNGLAZED VITREOUS ACID
RESISTING TILES
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
ICS 91.100.23
0 B[s 2007
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 1I()()02
*
.////1(2007
Price Group 8






(Reaffirmed - 2012)
m
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 5
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.
Ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resisting tiles are suitable for protecting surfaces against corrosive action of acids
and chemicals as well as to resist abrasion. These tiles are intensively used as floor covering for chemical and
allied industries, lining of tanks, etc, where the necessity of resistance to acid and resistance to wear becomes
essential. These tiles are normally used with chemical resistant mortars.
This standard was first published in 1967. As a result of the increased use of the standard, considerable amount of
suggestions had been received from various bodies implementing it. This standard was first revised in 1982.
In order to accommodate changes in technology and higher demands on product performance this standard is
being revised with a view to modify some of the provisions already laid down and adding some new provisions.
Experience shows that the modular dimensions of tiles specified in the earlier version of the standard are not
being manufactured at present. The Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard feels that the
difficulties experienced by the manufacturers to produce tiles to modular size could be overcome gradually by
adjusting the manufacturing practice, and with this aspect in view, the dimensionally coordinated size has been
retained. Also, it was felt that the revised version should be compatible with international market requirements
and should be similar to 1S0 specification. However, tiles restricted up to a thickness of 20 mm have only been
covered in this revision and units having thickness greater than 20 mm and termed as acid resisting bricks are
intended to be covered in IS 4860: 1968 Specification for acid-resistant bricks. The test for ascertaining the
loss in abrasion, which was otherwise left to the agreement between the purchaser and the supplier in the earlier
version, has been made compulsory and a specific value for abrasion loss has been recommended. Additional
tests on tlexural strength that are considered to be important in controlling the quality of such tiles have been
introduced.
With improvements in manufacturing processes and the ever increasing demand of the consumer to have as little
variation as possible, tolerances on length and width have been revised to better levels. This section has been
included as a part of the Requirements section, along with the other physical properties. Also, the tolerance
values have been made more stringent when compared to the earlier standard. Since consumer demand for larger
sized tiles is increasing (primarily because of the significant reduction in joints), it was felt that the tolerance
limits need to be tighter. Larger sized tiles are prone to variations in size and thickness, if proper controls are not
exercised. This can lead to creation of wide and uneven joints, defeating the very purpose of using the larger sized
tiles.
Current ISO Standards have been adopted for the testing method of dimensions, warpage, straightness of sides
and rectangularity and these results as prescribed by the 1S0 Standards shall be reported as a percentage in the
current revision. Warpage has been expanded to include surface flatness, centre curvature and edge curvature.
The water absorption of the tile has been revised and requirements changed to less than 0.5 percent, instead of the
current 2 percent. Over the years, customers have been demanding lower water absorption for improved acid and
stain resistance performance. Also, the demand for higher strength from industrial consumers requires the product
to have higher vitrification levels. Thanks to the use of better raw materials and newer technologies manufacturers
are now able to satisfy this requirement. The product is expected to perform satisfactorily undercurrent conditions
provided the water absorption is less than 0.5 percent.
(Continued on third cover)





1 ----- ---

IS 4457:2007
Indian Standard
CERAMIC UNGLAZED VITREOUS ACID
RESISTING TILES SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE
This standard lays down the requirements for ceramic
unglazed vitreous acid resisting tiles.
2 REFERENCES
The standards given in Annex A contain provisions
which through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revisionand parties to agreementsbasedon
this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards given at Annex A.
3 MANUFACTURE
The tiles shall be of vitreous ware and shall be free
fi-omdeleterious substances. The finished tile, when
fractured, shall appear tine grained in texture, dense
and homogeneous. The tiles shall be sound, true to
shape, flat, free from flaws and other manufacturing
defects affecting their utility.
4 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
4.1 Sizes
a) 100 mm x 100 mm or 98.5 mm x 98.5 mm,
b) 150mm x 150mmor 148.5mmx 148.5 mm,
c) 200mmx 200 mmor 198.5mmx 198.5 mm,
d) 304 mm x 304 or 300 mm x 300 mm,
e) 290 mm x 290 mm,
f) 304mm X 151 mmor300mmx 150mm,
g) 204 mm x 204 mm or 200 mm x 200 mm,
h) 200mm x 100 mm or 198.5 mm x 98.5 mm,
and
j) Or any other size as agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser provided it
is less than 375 mm x 375 mm.
The manufacturer shall choose the work size as follows:
a) For modular tiles in order to allow a nominal
Joint width of between 2 to 5 mm.
b) For non-modular tile so that the difference
between the work size and the nominal size is
not more than + 2 percent (+ 5 mmmaximum).
NOTE Similmjointwidensmaybe used to apply to
traditional system based on non-metric size.
4.2 Thickness
20, 15, 12, 10, 8 mm or any other thickness as reported
by the manufacturer, provided it is less than 20 mm.
4.3 Half tiles for use as full tiles, if manufactured, shall
have dimensions that shall be such as to make the half
tiles, when joint together, match with the dimension
of a full tile.
5 REQUIREMENTS
The tiles shall conform to the requirements given in
COI2 of Table 1when tested as per the method indicated
in CO14 (see Annexes B to G).
6 MARKING
6.1 Each tile shall be legibly marked on the back with
the following:
a) Name and address of the manufacturer and/
or trade-mark and the country of origin, and
b) Batch number/date of manufacture.
6.2 BIS Certification Marking
The tiles may also be marked with the Standard Mark.
6.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the
provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986
and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The
details of conditions under which a licence for the use
of the Standard Mark maybe granted to manufacturers
or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of
Indian Standards.
7 PACKING
The tiles shall be packed according to the usual trade
practice and adequately protected.
8 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR
CONFORMITY
8.1 Lot
[n a single consignment, all the tiles of the same shape,
size and thickness produced under similar conditions
of manufacture, shall constitute a lot.




IS 4457:2007
m
Tablel Unglazed Ceramic Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles
(Ckwe 5)
s!
No.
(1)
. .
i)

ii)
iii)
iv)
Requirement
(2)
Dimensions and Surface Quality
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Lengfh und width
1) Thede\,iation inpercent of theaverage size foreach tile
(2 or 4 sides) from the work size (w)
2) Thedeviation inpercent of theaverage size for each tile
(2 or 4 sides) from the average size of the 10 test
specimens (20 or 40 sides)
Thickness
The deviation in percent of the average thickness of each tile
from the work size thickness. (The thickness shall be
declared by the manufacture)
Straightness of sided) (facial sides)
The maximum deviation from straightness in percent related
10the corresponding size
Rectangularity
fhcmaximum deviation from rectangularity in percent
related to the corresponding work sizes
.$wfaceffatness
1) Centrecuwature, related todiagonal cdculatedfronlthc
work sizes
2) Edge crrrvature, related tothecorresponding work size
3) Warpage, related todiagonal calculated from the work
sizes
Surface Qualityz)
Physical Properties
O
b)
c)
d)

Water absorption by weight 3)

Breaking sfrengrh, in N
1) Thickness ~7.5mm
2) Thickness <7.5mm
Modulus of rupture, in N/mmzNot applicable to tiles with
breaking strength >3000 N
Abrusion resistance)
Resistance to deep abrasion of unglazed tiles: removed
volume in mm3
Chemical Properties
a) Resistance tochemicalss)
1) Resistance tolowconcentrations ofacids andalkaliesc)
2) Resistance tohighconcentrations ofacids andalkaliess)
3) Resistance tohousehold chemicals andswimming pool
saltsc)
b) Resistance toconcentrated HN03and HJOA
Surface Area (S) of the Product
cm?
(3)
SS9(I
Percent
1,2
* 0.75
*1O.O
* 0.75
+1.0
*IO
11.0
tl.o
ftinimum
90<ss I90
Percent
*1.O
+0.5
*1O.O
*0.5
+0.6
fo.5
*0.5
+0.5
percent o
I90<ss41 o
Percent
*0.75
to.5
&5.o
M.s
*0.6
?0.5
*0.5
+0.5
the tiles s]
S>41o
Percent
*0.6
+0.5
*5
* 0.2
0.2
*0.3
?0.3
to.3
11be free
rom visible defects that would impair the
tmearance of a maior area of tiles
iverage <0.5 percent, individual 0.6, Mm
300, Min
00, Min
iverage 35, individual 32, Min
75, Max
)
The level of resistance (Class) may be as
agreed to between the manufacturer and
the purchaser of the product
.ossinmass not to exceed 1.5 percent
lethod
IfTest,
Ref to
4nnex
(4)
B
B
c
t
D
E
F
G
IINot applicablefor tiles having curved shapes.
Because of firing slight variation from the standard colour are unavoidable. This does not armly to intentional irremdarities of colour
*
variation of the {ace;f tiles (which can be unglazed) or the colour variation over a tile area th;t ;Scharacteristic for;his type of tile and
desirable. Spots or coloured dots which are introduced for decorative purposes are not considered a defect.
) A vitrified tile is a tile with water absorption of a maximum individual value of 0.5 percent (some times described as impervious).
~)Reference may bemade to Annex Dforthe abrasion resistance classification forallunglazed tiles intended foruse of floors.
$)Reference may be made to Annex E for information regarding requirements Wfricfr arenon-compulsory but that are listed as t(3St
method available.
6)If the hue becomes slightly different, this is not considered to be chemical attack.
2





IS 4457:2007
8.2 Sanlple Size and Criteria for Confornlity
In respect of characteristics covered under (see 6)
dimensions and tolerances (see 4) marking along with
the requirements for straightness of sides and surface
flatness (see 5) the number of tiles to be selected from
lot shall be in accordance with Table 2. The tiles shall
be selected at random from the lot; for the actual method
of random selection 1S4905 maybe referred. Each tile
in the sample shall be examined for each of the above
requirements. A tile failing in one or more of these
requirements shall be termed as a defective.
8.2.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to
these requirements, if the number of defective in the
sample does not exceed the corresponding acceptance
number in Table 2.
8.2.2 [n respect of all the other requirements the
following procedure shall be adopted.
8.2.2.1 For lots containing up to 100 tiles the number
of tests and criteria for conformity in respect of the
fcquiretnents not covered in 8.2.1 shall be agreed.
[S No.
264: ~005
266:1993
460
(Part 1): 1985
2062:1999
Table 2 Scale of Sampling and
Acceptance Number
(Claases 8.2 and 8.2.1)
sl No. of Tiles in Sample Acceptance
No. the Lot Size No.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i)
Up to 8 5 0
ii) 9-25 8 0
iii) 26-50 13 0
iv) 51-100 20 1
v)
101-500 32 2
vi) 501 and above 50 3
8.2.2.2 For lots containing 101 to 300 tiles one test
and for lots containing more than 300 tiles two tests,
for each of the requirements not covered under 8.2.1
shall be conducted on samples taken at random from
those already inspected and found satisfactory in 8.2.1.
The lot shall be considered as conforming, if in respect
of each of these requirements each sample tested is
found satisfactory.
ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
Title
Nitric acid Specification (third
revision)
Sulphuric acid (third revision)
Specification for test sieves: Part 1
Wire cloth test sieves (third
revision)
Steel for general purposes (fifth
revision)
IS No.
2303:1994
3400
(Part 2): 1995
4860:1968
4905:1968
11643:1985
Title
Method of grading glass for alkalinity
(jirst revision)
Methods of test for vulcanized
rubbers: Part 2 Hardness (second
revision)
Specification for acid-resistant bricks
Methods for random sampling
Specification for silicon carbide for
bonded abrasive products
3





mill I . ,J.- .- . ..
IS 4457:2007
ANNEX B
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS AND SURFACE QUALITY
B-1 GENERAL
B-1.l This Annex covers methods for determining the
dimensional characteristics (length, width, thickness,
straightness of sides, rectangularity, surface flatness)
and the surface quality of all ceramic tiles.
B-1.2 Tiles with area less than 400 mmz are excluded
from measurements of length, width, thickness,
straightness of sides, rectangularity, and surface
flatness.
B-1.3 Spacer lugs, glaze bobs and other irregularities
of the sides shall be ignored when measuring length,
width, and straightness of sides, rectangularity, if these
are subsequently hidden in the joints after fixing.
B-2 MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND
WIDTH
B-2.1 Apparatus
Vernier calipers or other suitable apparatus for linear
measurement.
B-2.2 Test Specimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
B-2.3 Procedure
Measure each side of the tile under test at positions
5 mm from the corners. Measurements shall be made
to the nearest 0.1 mm.
B-2.4 Expression of Results
The average dimension of square tiles is the average
of four measurements. The average dimension of the
sample is the average of 40 measurements. For oblong
tiles, each similar pair of sides of a tile provides the
appropriate average dimension of the tile, an average
of two measurements. The average dimensions for
length and width are the average of 20 measurements
each.
B-2.5 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following
a)
b)
c)
d)
Description of the tiles;
All measurements of length and width;
Average size of each test specimen for square
tiles, and the average length and width for
each oblong tile;
Average size of 10 test specimens for square
4
tiles and the average length and width of
oblong tiles;
e) Deviation inpercent of the average size of each
tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size; and
f) Deviation in percent of the average size of
each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size
of the 10 test specimens (20 or 40 sides).
B-3 MEASUREMENTS OF THICKNESS
B-3.1 Apparatus
Micrometer screw gauge with anvils of 5 to 10 mm
diameter, or other suitable apparatus.
B-3.2 Test Specimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
B-3.3 Procedure
B-3.3.1 For all tiles except split tiles, draw diagonals
between the comers and measure the thickness at the
thickest point within each of the four segments. Measure
the thickness of each tile under test in four positions to
an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
B-3.3.2 For split tiles, draw four lines at right angles
across the extruded projections of 1/8,3/8, 5/8, 7/8 of
the length measured from the end. Measure the
thickness at the thickest point on each line.
B-3.4 Expression of Results
For all tiles the average thickness of each individual
tile is the average of four measurements. The average
thickness of the sample is the average of 40
measurements.
B-3.5 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following
a) A description of the tiles;
b) All measurements of thickness;
c) Average thickness of each test specimen, and
d) Deviation in percent of the average thickness
of each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size
thickness.
B-4 MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS OF
SIDES
B-4.1 Terminology
For the purpose of measurement of straightness of





11111111111 . ..-. --
- . . .. .. . . . . .
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following
definition shall apply.
B-4.1.1 Straightness of Sides Defined as the
deviation from straightness of the centre of the side in
the plane of the tile. The measurement is only relevant
tothestraight sides oftiles (see Fig. 1).
B-4.2 Apparatus
B-4.2.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, or other
suitable apparatus such as steel square, The dial
gauge (A) is used for measuring the straightness of
sides.
B-4.2.2 A calibrating plate made of steel of accurate
dimensions and with straight flat sides.
B-4.3 Test Specimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
B-4,4 Procedure
B-4.4.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate
dimensions so that, when a tile is placed in the
apparatus, the locating studs are 5 mm from the each
corner of the side being measured.
B-4.4,2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly
into position inthe instrument and adjust the dia}gauge
reading to a suitable known value.
B-4.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper
surface of the tile on the locating studs in the apparatus
and record the dial gauge reading in the centre of the
side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
measurements. Repeat this procedure for each tile. In
the case of oblong tiles, use separate instruments of
the appropriate dimensions to measure lengths and
width. Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
B-4.5 Test Report
The test report contains the following:
a) A description of the tiles;
b) All measurements of straightness of sides;
and
c) Maximum deviation from straightness in
percent, related to the corresponding work
sizes.
B-5 MEASUREMENT OF RECTANGULARITY
B-5.1 Terminology
For the purpose of measurement of rectangularity of
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following
definition shall apply.
B-5.1.1 Deviation from Rectangularity If a corner
of the tile is placed against the angle of an accurate
!llE
IS 445?:2007
calibrating plate (see Fig. 3), deviation in percent from
rectangularity is defined as:
=:XIOO
where
~=
L=
deviation of the outer comer of the side of the
tile (measured 5 mm from the comer) from
the inner side of the calibrating plate, and
length of the adjacent sides of the tile,
B-5.2 Apparatus
B-5.2.1 An apparatus as shown inFig. 2, or other suitable
apparatus such as steel square. The dial gauge (B) is
used for measuring the rectangularity of sides,
B-5.2.2 A calibrating plate, made of steel of accurate
dimensions and with straight flat sides.
B-5.3 TestSpecimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
B-5.4 Procedure
B-5.4,1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate
dimensions so that, when a tile is placed in the
apparatus, the locating studs are 5 mm from the each
corner of the side being measured. The plunger of the
dial gauge (B) shall also be 5 mm from the corner of
the tile on the side being measured.
B-5.4.2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly
into position in the instrument and adjust the dial gauge
reading to a suitable known value.
B-5.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper
surface of the tile on the locating studs in the apparatus
and record the dial gauge reading 5 mm from the comer.
Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four measurements.
Repeat this procedure for each tile. In the case of oblong
tiles, use separate instruments of the appropriate
dimensions to measure lengths and width. Measure to
an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
B-5.5 Expression of Results
Rectangularity shall be expressed as a percentage of
the length and width for oblong tiles; and the size for
square tiles.
B-5.6 Test Report
The test report contains the following:
a) A description of the tiles;
b) All measurements of rectangularity; and
c) Maximum deviation from rectangularity in
percent, related to the corresponding work
sizes.
5
2-~14 BISINDI07





. ...
1s 4457
+C
FIci. 2
FIG. 1 STRAIGHTNESSOF SIDES, DEVIATIONFROM STRAIGHTNESS: c/L
(B)
&
lh -
DIRECTION OF POSITIVE
OR NEGATIVE READING
APPARATUSFOR MEASUREMENTOF STRAIGHTNESSOF SIDES ANDRECTANGULARITY
m
,.
-c
G
FIG. 3 RECTANGULARITY,DEVIATIONFROMRECTANGULARITY81L
6





B-6 MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE FLATNESS
(CURVATURE AND WARPAGE)
B-6.1 Terminology
For the purpose of measurement of surface flatness
(curvature and warpage) of ceramic tiles according to
this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
B-6.1.1 Surjlace Flatness Defined by measurements
in three positions on the surface of tiles. Tiles that havx
relief on the proper surface preventing measurements
on that surface shall, where possible, be measured on
the back.
B-6.1.2 Centre Curvature The departure of the
centre of a tile from the plane in which three of the
four corners lie (see Fig. 4).
B-6.1.3 Edge Curvature The departure of the centre
of one edge of a tile from the plane in which three of
the four corners lie (see Fig. 5).
B-6.1.4 Warpage The departure of the fourth comer
of a tile tiomthe plane inwhich three of the four comers
lie (see Fig. 6).
B-6.2 Apparatus
B-6.2.1 For tiles larger than 40 mm x 40 mm the
apparatus given in 6.2.1.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be used.
B-6.2.1.1 An apparams as shown in Fig. 7, or any other
suitable instrument. Although only one dial gauge is
shown in the figure, there are three on the instrument,
A
IS 4457:2007
located at the centre of one side, at the centre of the
tile and atone comer. To measure smooth-surfaced tiles
the support studs are 5 mm in diameter. In order to
obtain meaningful results for other tile surfaces, suitable
support studs shall be used.
B-6.2.1.2 True flat calibrating plate of metal or glass
and at least 10 mm thick for the apparatus described
in 6.2.1.1.
B-6.2.2 For tiles of dimensions 40 mm x 40 mm or
less the apparatus given in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be
used.
B-6.2.2.1 Metal straight edge
B-6.2.2.2 Thickness feeler gauges
B-6.3 Test Specimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
B-6.4 Procedure
B-6.4.1 For Tiles Larger Than 40 mm x 40 mm
B-6.4.1.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate size
and place the corresponding calibrating plate exactly
into positions on top of the three accurately positioned
studs.
B-6.4.1.2 The centre of each stud is 10 mm from the
side of the tile, and the two outer dial gauges are 10 mm
from the sides of the tile.
I I
CENTRE CURVATURE ( At/D)
FI G. 4 CENTRE CURVATURE (At/D)
l------L~
EDGE CURVATURE ( As/L)
FI G. 5 EDGE CURVATURE (As/L)
7





IS 4457:2007
WARPAGE ( Aw/D)
.~w -1
FIG. 6 WARPAGE (Aw/D)
G
(11
DIRECTION oF/ ~ /
POSITIVE OR .
NEGATIVE
READING W% i
DEVICE ,ONE ONLY SHOiVN
II II
FIG. 7 APPARATUSFOR MEASUREMENTOF SURFACEFLATNESS
8





IS 4457:2007
B-6.4.1.3 Adjust the three dial gauges to a suitable
known value.
B-6.4.1.4 Remove the calibrating plate, place a tile on
the apparatus with proper surface of the tile downwards
and record the three dial gauge reading in the centre of
the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
measurements of each properties. Repeat this procedure
for each tile. In the case of oblong tiles, use separate
instruments of the appropriate dimensions. Record the
maximum centre curvature, edge curvatare and warpage
for each tile. Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
B-6.4.2 Forllle Dimension of 40 mm x 40 mmorLess
B-6.4.2.1 In order to measure edge curvature, place a
straightedge across the edges and measure the gap
under the straightedge by means of the feeler gauges.
Determine centre curvature in the same manner but
along diagonals,
B-6.4.2.2 There shall be no warpage measurements.
B-6.5 Expression of Results
B-6.5.1 Centre curvature is expressed as a percentage
of the length of the diagonal.
B-6.5.2 Edge curvature is expressed as percentage of
the length and width, for oblong tiles and percentage
of the size for square tiles. Warpage is expressed as a
percentage of the length of the diagonal.
B-6.5.3 Measurements for tiles with spacer lugs shall
be expressed, in mm.
B-6.6 Test Report
The test report contains the following:
a) A description of the tiles;
b) All measurements of centre curvature;
c) All measurements of edge curvature;
d) All measurements of warpage;
e) Maximum centre curvature, in percentage,
related to the diagonal calculated from work
size;
f) Maximum edge curvature, in percentage,
related to the corresponding work size; and
g) Maximum warpage, in percentage related to
the diagonal calculated from work size.
B-7 SURFACE QUALITY
B-7.1 Surface Defects and Intentional Effects
B-7.1.1 Criteria for assessing the surface quality of
glazed, engobed and unglazed tiles are as follows:
a) Cracks,
b) Crazing,
c) Short glazing,
d)
e)
o
g)
h)
j)
k)
m)
n)
P)
Unevenness,
Depressions,
Holes,
Glaze devitrification,
Specks and spots,
Under giaze faults,
Decorating faults,
Shading,
Nipped edges, and
Nipped corners.
B-7.1.2 In order to judge whether an intentional
decorative effect is acceptable or is a defect; see the
relevant clause of the product standard. Cracks, nipped
edges and nipped comers cannot be intentional effects.
B-7.2 Apparatus
B-7.2.1 Fluorescent Lighting of Colour Temperature
6000 Kto6500K
B-7.2.2 Meter Rule or Other Suitable Means of
Measuring Distance
B-7.2.3 Light Meter
B-7.3 Test Specimens
At least 1mzwith a minimum of 30 tiles shall be tested.
B-7.4 Procedure
B-7.4.1 Place the tiles with the proper surface under
observation so that they can be viewed normally at a
distance of 1 m. Illuminate them with an even light
intensity of 300 lux at the surface of the tiles and check
the light intensity at the centre and each comer of the
area of tiles under test.
B-7.4.2 View the tiles with naked eye (with the aid of
a spectacle, if usually worn).
B-7.4.3 Preparation of t5e test area and the viewing
of the test shall not be performed by the same person.
B-7.4.4 Intentional effects in the surface shall not be
regarded as defects.
B-7.5 Expression of Results
Surface quality is expressed as the percentage of tiles
without defects.
B-7.5.1 TestReport
The test report shall contain the following:
a) A description of the tiles;
b) Number of tiles tested including the area of
tiles tested;
c) Assessment criteria used; and
1 d) Percentage of tiles without defects.
9





.,,,,,,,, II ! . !.. -,*-* ,.. ... .. . ... ..---. ,. .
I!ll
IS 4457:2007
ANNEX C
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION AND BULK DENSITY
C-1 GENERAL
This Annex covers methods of test for determining the
water absorption of all ceramic tiles.
C-2 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard, the following definition
shall apply.
C-2.1 Water Absorption The increase in mass
(expressed as a percentage of the dry material) of tiles
which atler determination of the dry mass are placed
under water, then boiled and, afterwards, cooled during
specified times while still completely immersed, taken
out of the water and reweighed atler removing excess
of water.
C-3 APPARATUS
C-3. 1 Drying Oven Capable of operation at about
lloc.
C-3.2 Heating Apparatus Constructed of suitable
inert material, in which the boiling will take place.
C-3.3 Source of Heat
C-3.4 Balance Accurate to 0.01 percent of the mass
of a test specimen.
C-3.5 De-ionized or Distilled Water
C-3.6 Desiccator
C-3.7 Chamois Leather
C-3.8 Wire Loop, Halter, Basket Capable of
supporting specimens under water for making
suspended mass measurements.
C-4 TEST SPECIMENS
c-4.1 A sample for each type of tile under test shall
consist of 10 whole tiles.
C-4.2 [f the proper surface area of each individual tile
is greater than 0.04 m2, then only 5 whole tiles shall be
used for the tests.
[
C-4.3 When the mass of each individual tile is below
50 g, a sut%cient number of tiles shall be taken so that
each test specimen reaches a mass of 50 to 100 g.
C-4.4 Tiles with sides largef than 200 mm may be cut
up, but all pieces shall be include in the measurement.
With polygonal and other non-rectangular tiles, the
length and width shall be those of the enclosing
rectangles.
C-5 PROCEDURE
C-5.1 Water Impregnation
C-5.1.1 Dry the tiles in the oven at 110 + 5C until
constant mass is reached, that is, when the difference
between two successive weighings at interval of 24 h
is less than 0.1 percent.
C-5.1.2 Cool the tiles in the desiccator over silica gel
or other suitable desiccant, but not an acid, until cooled
to room temperature.
C-5.1.3 Weigh each tile and record the results of the
corresponding accuracy shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Tile Mass: Accuracy of Measurement
S1 Mass of Tries Accuracy of Measurements
No. !3 g
(1) (2) (3)
O
0-1oo 0.02
ii) 101-500 0.05
iii) 501-1000 0.25
iv) 1001-3000 0.50
v)
Above 3000 I.00
C-5.1.4 Place the tiles vertically, with no contact
between them, in water in the heating apparatus/water
bath so that there is a depth of 50 mm water above and
below the tiles. Maintain the water level of 50 mm
above the tiles throughout the test.
C-5.1.5 Heat the water until boiling and continue to
boil for 2 h. Then remove the source of heat and allow
the tiles to cool, still completely immersed in this water
overnight.
C-5.1.6 Remove the surface water from the tile pieces
by chamois leather.
C-5.1.7 Immediately afier this procedure weigh each
tile and record the results to the same accuracy as for
the dry state.
C-5.2 Suspended Weight
After water impregnation of the test specimens,
determine to the nearest 0.01 g the mass m3,of each
specimen while suspended in water. Perform the
weighing by placing the specimen in the wire loop,
halter, or basket (see C-3.8), that is, suspended from
one arm of the balance. Before actually weighing,
counter balance the scale with the wire loop, halter,
10





Ulslll - . .-.i.-
-......--. . . . . . ... .. . . ... , --- . . .
basket in place and immerse in water to the same depth
as is used when the specimens are in place.
C-6 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
C-6.1 Water Absorption
C-6.1.1 For each tile, calculate the water absorption
as a percentage of the dry mass using the expression:
=Xloo
W
where
ml =mass of the dry tile; and
mz=mass of the wet tile.
C-6.1.2 The results shall be given to the first decimal
place.
C-6.1.3 Calculate the average water absorption of the
sample as the average of the individual results.
C-6.2 Bulk Density
Bulk density, B, in g/cm3, of a specimen is the
quotient of its dry mass divided by the exterior
IS 4457:2007
volume, including pores. Calculate the bulk density
as follows:
B = (rrrl/V)
where
ml = mass of the dry tile;
V = exterior volume, in cm3(m2 m3);and
m~= mass of suspended tile impregnated by
boiling water method.
NOTE For determination of bulk density by boiling
water method, the specimen size should not be more than
0.01 mz (100 mm x 100 mm) to facilitate proper weighing
of tile under suspended conditions by boiling water
method.
C-6.3 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following:
a) A description of the tiles;
b) Water absorption and bulk density of each
individual tile; and
c) Average water absorption and bulk density.
ANNEX D
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OF RUPTURE AND BREAKING STRENGTH
D-1 GENERAL
This Annex covers a method of test for determining
the modulus of rupture and breaking strength of all
ceramic tiles.
D-2 PRINCIPLE
Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking
strength of a whole tile by means of three-point loading,
the central point being in contact with the proper surface
of the tile.
D-3 APPARATUS
D-3.1 Drying Oven Capable of operation at
I1O+5C.
D-3.2 Recording Gauge Accurate to 2 percent.
D-3.3 lko Cylindrical Support Rods It shall be
made of metal and the parts in contact with the test
specimen shall be covered with rubber having a
hardness of 50 + 5 RI-ID, measured in accordance
with IS 3400 (Part 2). One rod shall be slightly
pivotable (see Fig. 1) and the other shall be slightly
rotatable about its own axis (see Table 1 for relevant
dimensions).
D-3.4 Central Cylindrical Rod It shall be of the
same diameter as the support rods and covered with
similar rubber, which transmits the load; F. This rod
shall also be slightly pivotable (see Fig. 8) (see Table 4
for relevant dimensions).
Table 4 Diameter of Rods, Thickness of
Rubber and Length
S1 Dimension Diameter Thickness Overlap of Tile
No. of of of Beyond the Edge
Tile Rod Rubber Supports
d t 1
mm mm mm mm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
O
295 20 5 10
ii) <95248 10 2,5 5
<48218
iii) 5 1 2
11





IS 4457:2007
D-4 TEST SPECIMENS
D-4.1 Whenever possible, whole tiles shall be tested.
However, it maybe necessary to cut exceptionally large
tiles (that is, those greater than 300 mm in length) and
some non-rectangular shapes in order to fit them in the
apparatus. Rectangular test specimens of the largest
possible size shall then be cut, having their centres
coinciding with the centres of tiles.
D-4.2 In case of doubt, results obtained using whole
tiles shall always be preferred to results obtained with
cut tiles.
D-4.3 The minimum number of test specimens for each
sample is given in Table 5.
Table 5 Minimum Number of Test Specimens
S1 Dimension of Tile Mhimum Number of
No. mm Test Specimens
(1) (2) (3)
i) z 48 7
ii) <48218 10
D-5 PROCEDURE
D-5.1 If cut test specimens are to be measured, dry
them in the oven at 110 + 5C until constant mass is
reached, that is, when the difference between two
successive weighing at intervals of 24 h is less than
0.1 percent.
D-5.2 Place a test specimen on two supporting rods,
with the glazed or proper surface uppermost so that
the test specimen projects by the length 1(see Table 4
and Fig. 9) beyond each support rod.
D-5.3 Position the central rod equidistant between the
support rods. Apply the load evenly in such a way as
to obtain a rate of increase of stress of 1 * 0.2 N/mm2/
s; the actual rate per second can be calculated by the
expression given in D-6.
D-5.4 Note the load to break, F.
D-5.5 For extruded tiles, place the tiles so that the
projecting ribs are at right angles to the support rods.
For all other rectangular tiles the greater side is at right
angles to the support rods.
D-5.6 For tiles with relief surfaces, place a second
layer of rubber, of the appropriate thickness given in
Table 4, on the central rod in contact with the relief
surface.
D-6 EXPRESSION OF RESULT
D-6.1 Only the results for test specimens that break
within a central portion of length equivalent to the
diameter of the central rod shall be used to calculate
the average breaking strength and average modulus of
rupture.
D-6.2 A minimum of five acceptable results is
necessary to calculate the average value.
D-6.3 If there are fewer than five acceptable results, a
second sample shall be tested consisting the double the
number of tiles.
D-6.4 A minimum of ten acceptable results is then
required to calculate the average value.
D-6.5 The breaking strength (5),expressed in newtons,
is calculated by means of the expression:
where
F=
L=
b=
S = FLlb
load required to break the tile, in N;
span of the support rods in mm (see Fig. 9);
and
width of the tile, in mm.
D-6.6 The modulus of rupture (8), expressed,
in Nhmn2 is calculated by means of the expressions:
s$=3FL12bh2
where
F = load required to break, the tile, in N;
L = span of the support rods, in mm (see Fig. 9);
b = width of the tile, in mm; and
h = minimum thickness of the test specimen
measured after the test along the broken edge,
in mm.
NOTE The calculation of the modulus of rupture is based
on a rectangular cross-section. In the case of tiles of variable
thickness along the broken edge, approximate results only
are produced. The shallower, the relief, the more exact it is
possible to make the approximations.
D-6,7 Note all results for breaking strength and
modulus of rupture.
D-6.8 Calculate the average breaking strength and
average modulus of rupture of the samples as the
average of the acceptable results.
D-7 TEST REPORT
The test report shall contain the following:
a) Description of the tile;
b) Number of test specimens;
c) Values of d, t, 1, L and F,
d) Modulus of rupture and breaking streng$h of
each test specimen; and
e) Average modulus of rupture and breaking
strength.
12




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IS 4457:2007
I
i
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r
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FI G. 8 APPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENTOF MODULUS OF RUPTURE
F
t-j
I
yi
I
L
FIG. 9 SECTI ON ACROSS MODULUS OF RUPTURE APPARATUS
ANNEX E
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO DEEP ABRASION UNGLAZED TILES
E-1 GENERAL
This Annex covers a method of test for determining
the resistance to deep abrasion of all unglazed ceramic
tiles used for floor coverings.
E-2 PRINCIPLE
Determination of the
abrasion resistance of unglazed
13
ceramic tiles by measuring the length of the groove
produced in the proper surface by means of a rotating
disc under given conditions and with the use of abrasive
material.
E-3 ABRASIVE MATERIAL
White fused aluminum oxide conforming to the grain size
requirement of Grit No. 80 given in Table 1of IS 11643.





Kllmll III . -..&- ----- ... -.. . . .- ,
IS 4457:2007
E-4 APPARATUS
E-4.1 Abrasion Apparatus
E-4.1.1 It consists essentially of a rotating disc, a
storage hopper with dispensing device for the abrasive
material; a test specimen support and a counterweight
(see Fig. 1O).
E-4. 1.2 The disc is made of Fe410-S steel as specified
in 1S 2062, with a diameter of 200 + 0.2 mm, and
thickness at the edge of 10 + 0.1 mm, and with a rate
of revolution of 75 rev/rein. The pressure with which
test specimens are held against the steel disc is
determined by calibrating the apparatus against Austrian
Standard Granite. The pressure is adjusted such that,
after 300 revolutions a chord of32 mm is produced.
E-4.1.3 When the diameter has worn to 199 mm, the
steel disc shall be replaced.
E-4.2 Measuring Gauge Capable of measuring
to 0.1 mm.
E-5 TEST SPECIMENS
E-5. 1 Types of Test Specimens
Test shall be carried out using whole tiles or test
specimens of suirable dimensions. Before testing, small
specimens shall be fixed with an adhesive on to a larger
background, avoiding joints.
E-5.2 Preparation
Clean, dry test specimens shall be used.
E-5.3 Number of Test Specimens
A minimum of five test specimens shall be tested.
E-6 PROCEDURE
E-6.1 Place a test specimen in the apparatus so that it
is tangential against the rotating disc. Ensure that the
fecdof abrasive material into the grinding zone is
uniform at a rate of at least 100 g/100 revolutions.
E-6.2 Rotate the steel disc for 150 revolutions.
Remove the test specimen from the apparatus and
measure the chord length of the groove by means of
the measuring gauge to the nearest 0.5 mm. Test each
specimen in at least two places at right angles on its
proper surface.
E-6.3 If relief surfaces would interfere with the
determination of the abrasion resistance, the projections
may be ground off but the results of the test will not be
the same as for tiles having plane surfaces.
E-7 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
E-7.1 The resistance of deep abrasion is expressed as
the volume V of material removed, in mm3. This is
calculated from the chord length 1 of the groove by
means of the expression:
=(%-sin]%
al
cjn =
2d
diameter of the rotating disc, in mm;
thickness of the rotating disc, in mm;
angle (in degrees) subtended at the centre of
the rotating disc by the chord (see Fig. 11);
and
length of the chord, in mm.
E-7.2 Some equivalent values are given in Table 6.
E-8 TEST REPORT
The test report shall contain the following:
a) Description of the tiles;
b) Chord length 1of each groove to the nearest
0.5 mm;
c) Volume V for each individual groove, in mm~;
and
d) Average volume V., in mm3.
14





IS 4457:2007
Table 6 Equivalent Value
(Clause E-7.2)
1 v 1 v 1 v 1 v 1 v
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm rnrn mm mm3
20.0 67.0 30.0 227 40.0 540 50.0 1062 60.0 1851
20.5 72.0 30.5 238 40.5 561 50.5 1094 60.5 1899
21.0 77,0 31.0 250 41.0 582 51.0 1128 61.0 1947
21.5 83.0 31.5 262 41.5 603 51.5 1162 61.5 1996
22.0 89,0 32.0 275 42.0 626 52.0 1196 62.0 2046
22.5 95.0 32.5 288 42.5 649 52.5 1232 62.5 2097
23,0 102.0 33.0 302 43.0 672 53.0 1268 63.0 2149
23.5 109.0 33.5 316 43.5 696 53.5 1305 63.5 2202
24,0 116.0 34.0 330 44.0 720 54.0 1342 64.0 2256
24.5 123.0 34.5 345 44.5 746 54.5 1380 64.5 2310
25.0 131.0 35,0 361 45.0 741 55.0 1419 65.0 2365
25.5 139.0 35.5 376 45.5 798 55.5 1459 65.5 2432
26.0 147.0 36.0 393 46.0 824 56.0 1499 66.0 2479
26.5 156.0 36.5 409 46.5 852 56.5 1541 66.5 2537
27.0 165.0 37.0 427 47.0 880 57.0 1583 67.0 2595
27.5 174,0 37.5 444 47.5 909 57.5 1625 67.5 2636
28.0 184.0 38.0 462 48.0 938 58.0 1669 68.0 2717
X3,3 194.0 38.5 481 48.5 968 58,5 1713 68.5 2779
29.0 205.0 39.0 500 49.0 999 59.0 1758 69.0 2842
29.5 216.0 39.5 520 49.5 1030 59.5 1804 69.5 2906
1-
2
3
4-
Test Specimen Clamp 5 Storage Hopper for
Fixing Screw
Abrasive Material
Test Specimen
6 Even-Flow Funnel
Valve
7 Steel Disc
8 Counterweight
. .
FIG. 11 DEFI NI TI ON OF CHORD
8
FIG. 10 ABRASI ON APPARATUS
15




IS 4457:2007
ANNEX F
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL RESISTANCE UNGLAZED TILES
F-1 GENERAL
This Annex covers a method of test for determining
the chemical resistance of the proper surface of all
unglazed ceramic tiles.
F-2 PRINCIPLE
The test specimens are partially immersed in the test
solution and attack is determined visually after
28 days.
F-3 AQUEOUS TEST SOLUTIONS
F-3.1 Household Chemicals
a) Ammonium chloride solution, 10Og/1.
b) Standard cleaning a~ent solution prepared
from:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Anbydrous sodium :33 percent (m/m)
carbanate
Sodium perborate : 7 percent (m/m)
Sodiumsilicate solution : 7 percent (rrr/rrz)
of density 1.33 g/cm3
Commercial sodium :30 percent (rrdm)
oleate soap flakes
NOTE The soap can be pr epar edfr om concentr ated
sodi um hydr oxi de sol uti on and ol ei c aci d in the
proportions of 2.6 to 18.5 g, respecti vel y.
Distilled water or :23 percent (m/m)
De-ionized water
c) 100 g of this standard cleaning agent contain
70 g of dry substance. Use in a concentration
of 10 g dry substance per litre. The test solution
shall be prepared immediately before use.
F-3.2 Swimming Pool Salts
a) Sodium hypochlorite solution 20 mg/1,
prepared from technical grade hypochlorite
with about 13 percent active chlorine, and
b) Copper sulphate solution, 20 mg/1.
F-3.3 Acids
a) Sulphuric acid solution, 70 percent (v.AJ)
prepared from concentrated sulphuric acid
(d = 1.84). Cautiously add the sulphuric acid
to water, cooling the solution and keeping it
well mixed during addition, and
b) Lactic acid solution 5 percent (v/v) (available
i n this concentrati on).
F-3.4 Alkali
Potassium hydroxide solution 200 #l.
F-4 APPARATUS
F-4.1 Vessel With a lid, made of borosilicate glass
3.3 conforming to Type 1 when graded according
to IS 2303 or any other suitable material.
F-4.2 Drying Oven Capable of operation at
I1O+5C.
F-4.3 Chamois Leather
F-4.4 Balance Accurate to 0.05 g.
F-5 TEST SPECIMENS
F-5.1 Number of Test Specimens
Five test specimens shall be used with each test
solution.
F-5.2 Size of Test Specimens
A square test specimen 50 mm x 50 mm shall be cut
from each tile under test in such a manner that one
side of each test specimen is not a cut side.
F-5.3 Preparationof TestSpecimens
Thoroughly clean the proper surface with a suitable
solvent, for example, methanol. Test specimens with
surface defects shall be excluded from the test.
F-6 PROCEDURE
F-6.1 Dry the test specimens at 110 + 5C until they
reach to constant mass when the difference between
the successive weighing is less than 0.1 g, and cool to
room temperature.
F-6.2 Immerse the test specimens vertically to a depth
of 25 mm in the test solution (which may be any of
those listed in F-3) in the test vessel. The non-cut side
of each test specimen shall be fully immersed. Cover
with the 1id and maintain the test assembly for 28 days
at 27* 2C.
F-6.3 After 28 days subject the test specimens to
running water for 7 days and then boil them for 30
min while completely immersed in water. Remove the
test specimens from the water and dab with wet but
wrung out chamois leather.
F-6.4 Examine the test specimen with naked eye, with
spectacles usually worn, for changes on the proper
16





IS4457:2007
surface and the non-cut edge. Secondarily examine the d) Number of test specimens damaged by each
parts of the cut edges that were immersed. test solutions;
F-7 TEST REPORT
e) Visual changes on the proper surface as a
The test report shall contain the following:
result of the test specified in 6;
f) Visual changes on the non-cut edges as a result
a) Description of the tile;
of the test specified in 6; and
b) Test solution(s) used;
g) Vkual changes on the cut-edges as a result of
c) Number of test specimens; the test specified in 6.
ANNEX G
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF ACID RESISTANCE
G-1 APPARATUS
G-1.l Oven -4circular air oven having thermostatic
control that will maintain a temperature of 110 k 5C.
G-1.2 Balance of capacity 100 g with a sensitivity
Ofo.olg.
G-2 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
G-2.1 The test specimen shall be prepared from
individual tiles.
G-2.2 Crush the tiles to powder individually in a
stoneware mortar. Take 30 g of powder of each tile
which passes 850 micron IS Sieve and is retained on
600 micron IS Sieve [see IS 460 (Part 1)] for testing.
The powder shall be washed free from dust as
follows:
Place 30 g of the specimen in a porcelain basin
and add about 150 ml of distilled water. Place the
basin on a sand bath and heat the mixture in the
basin to boiling. Care shall be taken to avoid loss
by spurting while boiling and heating shall be
continued for 1 h. Decant the water and rinse the
particles with cold distilled water. Dry the material
to constant mass keeping it in an oven maintained
at a temperature of 110C.
G-3 REAGENTS
The reagents used for the test shall be the following:
a) Concentrated nitric acid conforming to IS 264,
and
b) Concentrated sulphuric acid conforming to
IS 266.
G-4 PROCEDURE
Weigh 25 g of the prepared specimen accurately to
0.01 g and place in a porcelain basin. Add a mixture
of 7 ml nitric acid, 13 ml sulphuric acid and 65 ml
distilled water. P1ace the basin and its contents on a
sandbath and heat carefully, avoiding spurting till all
nitric acid has evaporated and sulphuric acid starts
fuming profusely. Cool the basin and its contents to
27 ~ 2C. Add 90 ml of distilled water and 10 ml of
nitric acid. Repeat the heating process, until the
sulphuric acid again fumes strongly. Cool the basin
and contents and decant the acid carefully. Add about
150 ml of cold distilled water and heat up to boiling
and then decant. The cycle of addition of fresh water,
boiling and recantation shall continue until decanted
liquid is found to be free from sulphuric acid when tested
with barium chloride solution. No particle shall be lost
during the process. After final recantation, dry the
sample in an oven maintained at 110Cto constant mass.
G-5 CALCULATION
Loss in mass, percent =
J41-J42 ~loo
M,
where
Ml = initial mass, in g, and
M2 = final mass, in g.
17
3114 Bls/ND/07





IS 4457:2007
m
ANNEX H
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Rooting Sectional Cornrnittee, CED 5
Organization
Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi
Builders Association of India, New Delhi
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council,
New Delhi
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
Construction Industry Development Courwil, New Delhi
Dyna Bricks (I) Pvt Ltd, Noida
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, New Delhi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi
Grasim Industries Limited, Jodhpur
H. R. Johnson (India) Limited, Dewas
Indian Institute of Architecture, Mumbai
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
Llyod Insulation (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi
Masonry Producer Association of India, Chennai
Modern Tiles & Marble, New Delhi
National Council for Cement and Building Materials,
Ballabgarh
National Test House (NR), Kolkata
National Tiles Corporation, Panchkrda
Premier Polyfilm Ltd, Ghaziabad
Prodorite Anti-corrosive Limited, Chennai
Public Works Department, Chennai
Rashtriya Chemical and Fertilizer Limited, Mumbai
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow
Representative(s)
SHJUP. B. VIJAY(Chairman)
SHIUPAWAiNTALWAR
SHRJVIJAYTALWAR(Alternate)
SHRI S. K. GUPTA
SHRI PANKAJGUPTA(Alternate)
SHRJB. K. RAO
SHruACHALMmrAL(Alfemare)
CHJEFENGINEER(CSQ)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER(S&S) (Alternate)
SHKJSATENDERKUMAR
DR S. D. SHARMA(Alternate)
SHRI P, R. SWARUF
SHRI RAJEEVJAIN(Alternate)
SHRI ASHOTOSHDIKSHIT
SHRIMATI UPINDERKAUR
SHRIMATI RIVOOMAHINDRU(Alternate)
SHJUJ. K. BHAOCHANDANI
SHRJ S. MAJUMDAR(Alternate)
SHRI B. C. CHATTOPADHVAYA
SHRI S. G. HEGDE
SHRJG. S. PATNAIK(Alternate)
SHRJ JATINDERKUMARSAIGAL
Srrru KAPILMEHTA(Alternate)
DR SUPRAITCGUPTA
SHIGMOHITKHANNA
SHRJK. K. MITRA(Alternate)
SHJUT. S. MURLI
Drr CHRISTOPHERSAMUEL(Alternate)
SHRJ SUSHASHKAPOOR
Srrru KAMESWARRAU (Alternate)
SHRJ S. K. BREJA
SHRJ D. K. KANONGO
SHJUPREM CHANDGUPTA
SHRJ S. R. GARG(Altemare)
DR SANJEEVVERMA
SHRI M. ANNAMALAI
DR P. SACHJNDRAPAL (Alternate)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER(P&D)
EXECUTJVEENGJNEER(Alternate)
SHRI S. N. P~$AD
EXECWHVEENGJNEER(P&D II)
EXECUTIVEENGJNEER(P&D I) (Alternate)
18





Orgarrizufion
Shalimar Tar Products, Kolkata
Super Tiles & Marble Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
In personal capacity (B-190, Secror 55, JVoirfa 201301)
hr personal capacity [C-474B, Sushurrf Lok, Phase-I,
Gwgaon 122002 (Haryana)]
BIS Directorate General
sl!l
.,
Representative(s)
REPR~SENT.ATIVE
SHRI ASHOKRAJPUROHIT
SHRI SUDHAKARMODI (Aherna/e)
SHRI R. S. SHUKLA
SHRI 0. P. RATRA
SHRIJ. C. ARORA, Scientist E and Head (CED)
[Representing Director General (Ex-oficio)]
Member Secretary
SHRJ D. BHAiIILA
Scientist B (CED), BIS
G
19





GMGIPN114 Bls/ND/073oo





Compressi ve strength has been del eted fr om thi s standard. Thi s i s because:
a) compressive strength of ceramic products is several orders of magnitude higher than their tensile strength;
b) measurement of compressive strength is difficult, as several products in this category have uneven/
textured surfaces; and
c) cubicle specimens will be required for precise measurements and hence it is not possible to make the
measurement meaningfully on whole tiles,
With higher levels of vitrification and lower water absorption as suggested above, the flexural strength requirements
have been revised to higher values.
The test methods and the requirements for acid resistance have been revised taking into consideration current
International Standards. While, this standard is adequate it was felt that in the interest of lntemational consumers
who may require compliance to International Standards, the tests as prescribed by 1S0 have been included as a
part of the acid resistance test. Also, with this addition, these products shall be more suitable for a wider range of
industrial applications such as industrial shop floors, etc.
The section on abrasion resistance has also been brought in line with the current 1S0 Standards. It was felt that
the existing test method was inadequate for testing abrasion resistance of textured surfaces.
As per the current 1S0 Standards visual inspection test has also been included. Besides technical performance,
the visual test is necessary, as these tiles also need to meet aesthetic demands of current-day consumer.
In fm-mulati~nof this standard considerable assistance have been derived from the following standards:
1S0 10545-2:1995 Ceramic tiles Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality
1S0 10545-3: 1995 Ceramic tiles Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent
relative density and bulk density
Iso
1s0
1s0
1s0
ISO
10545-4:2004 Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength
10545-6:1995 Ceramic tiles Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles
10545-13: 1995 Ceramic tiles Part 13: Determination of chemical resistance
10545-14: 1995 Ceramic tiles Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains
13006:1998 Ceramic tiles Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex H.
For the purpose ofdeciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is cotnplied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2:1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)>. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
.,
1
i1





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This IndianStandardhas been developedfromDoc : No. CED5 (7355).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
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