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    Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete-Past, Present, and Future, Part 1

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    Loay Al-Sabbagh
    1. Seth Roswurm studied the restrained expansion characteristics of shrinkage-compensating concrete under various levels of mechanical restraint. He tested concrete cylinders with different amounts of shrinkage-compensating cement and different steel rod stiffnesses representing restraint. 2. The results showed that a large increase in restraint stiffness did not prevent expansion, and all data sets clustered closely together. This indicates that type K shrinkage-compensating concrete is not highly sensitive to boundary condition stiffness. 3. Higher restraint loads were generated by stiffer rods, but both load and expansion were influenced by the amount of pre-compression in the cylinders. Further testing will aim to control pre-compression levels.

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    Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete-Past, Present, and Future, Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Loay Al-Sabbagh
    69 views10 pages
    1. Seth Roswurm studied the restrained expansion characteristics of shrinkage-compensating concrete under various levels of mechanical restraint. He tested concrete cylinders with different amounts of shrinkage-compensating cement and different steel rod stiffnesses representing restraint. 2. The results showed that a large increase in restraint stiffness did not prevent expansion, and all data sets clustered closely together. This indicates that type K shrinkage-compensating concrete is not highly sensitive to boundary condition stiffness. 3. Higher restraint loads were generated by stiffer rods, but both load and expansion were influenced by the amount of pre-compression in the cylinders. Further testing will aim to control pre-compression levels.

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    concrete

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    Shrinkage 1

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    1. Seth Roswurm studied the restrained expansion characteristics of shrinkage-compensating concrete under various levels of mechanical restraint. He tested concrete cylinders with different amounts of shrinkage-compensating cement and different steel rod stiffnesses representing restraint. 2. The results showed that a large increase in restraint stiffness did not prevent expansion, and all data sets clustered closely together. This indicates that type K shrinkage-compensating concrete is not highly sensitive to boundary condition stiffness. 3. Higher restraint loads were generated by stiffer rods, but both load and expansion were influenced by the amount of pre-compression in the cylinders. Further testing will aim to control pre-compression levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views10 pages

    Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete-Past, Present, and Future, Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Loay Al-Sabbagh
    1. Seth Roswurm studied the restrained expansion characteristics of shrinkage-compensating concrete under various levels of mechanical restraint. He tested concrete cylinders with different amounts of shrinkage-compensating cement and different steel rod stiffnesses representing restraint. 2. The results showed that a large increase in restraint stiffness did not prevent expansion, and all data sets clustered closely together. This indicates that type K shrinkage-compensating concrete is not highly sensitive to boundary condition stiffness. 3. Higher restraint loads were generated by stiffer rods, but both load and expansion were influenced by the amount of pre-compression in the cylinders. Further testing will aim to control pre-compression levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    1/10/2013

    1
    ACI
    WEB SESSIONS
    Shrinkage-Compensating
    ConcretePast, Present, and
    Future, Part 1
    ACI Fall 2012 Convention
    October 21 24, Toronto, ON
    ACI
    WEB SESSIONS
    Seth Roswurmgraduated with a Bachelors of Science
    in May 2012 as theOutstanding Senior in Civil
    Engineering with a 4.0/4.0 GPA at theUniversity of
    Oklahoma. Heis presently pursuing a masters degree
    in structural engineering studying therestrained
    expansion characteristics of CalciumSulpoAluminatecements at the
    Donald G. Fears Structural Engineering Laboratory at TheUniversity
    of Oklahoma. Seth is a member of Chi Epsilon and Tau Beta Pi honor
    societies.
    Behavior of Type K Shrinkage-
    Compensating Concrete Under Various
    Forms of Mechanical Restraint
    Seth Roswurm
    University of Oklahoma
    Acknowledgments
    University of Oklahoma
    Fears Structural Engineering Laboratory
    Advisor: Dr. Chris Ramseyer
    Sponsor: CTS Cement Manufacturing
    Topics
    Background/Theory
    Method
    Results
    Conclusions
    Restraint of Slabs: ACI 223
    Slab-on-ground surrounded by existing:
    infinite restraint
    there can be no movement
    ...high compressive stress in concrete but
    may provide little compensation
    1/10/2013
    2
    Expansive slab to be
    cast in center
    Restraint of Slabs: ACI 223
    ...high compressive
    stress
    but little
    compensation
    Existing mature slabs react
    against new slab
    Expansive slab to be
    cast in center
    Does Total Restraint Exist?
    Classical Mechanics Hookes Law
    Applied force must be accompanied by
    material deformation (whether large or
    small)
    Concrete is elastic over a small range and
    therefore cannot be a perfect boundary
    condition
    Concrete Elastic Displacement
    Initial
    Condition
    Loaded Condition
    +
    Elastic Deformation
    1/10/2013
    3
    Steel Elastic Displacement
    Initial
    Condition
    Loaded Condition
    +
    Elastic Deformation
    Concrete Material Expansion
    Concrete/Steel Interaction: Initial Concrete/Steel Interaction: Displaced
    Concrete/Steel Interaction: Forces Equivalent Stiffness
    Axial stiffness defined by:
    Result: Steel area required is roughly equal to a
    group of (4) 5/8 bars
    Additionally, test with (4) and (4) bars
    Provides 36% to 44% range, respectively
    1/10/2013
    4
    The Test
    Reactions
    modeled as steel rods
    Expansive slab
    modeled as column
    Mixes
    (Lbs. per cubic yard)
    Mixes
    (Lbs. per cubic yard)
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    17% Komp
    15% Komp
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    17% Komp
    15% Komp
    1/10/2013
    5
    Instrumentation
    GeoKon VWSG:
    Unrestrained 6x12 Cylinder
    GeoKon VWSG imbedded in center:
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    15% Komp
    157 (15% Komp)
    GeoKon (15% Komp)
    GeoKon (19% Komp)
    157 (19% Komp)
    GeoKon (30% Komp)
    157 (30% Komp)
    1/10/2013
    6
    Restrained 6x12 Cylinder
    GeoKon VWSG imbedded in center:

    cylinder
    =
    878
    = 0.17%
    Restrained 6x12 (15% Komp)
    878 (15% Komp)
    Restrained 6x12 (15% Komp)
    Test Frames
    Somat eDAQ
    GeoKon Loggers
    1/2 Frame
    5/8 Frame
    3/4 Frame
    Wet Curing Condition
    PVC Water J acket
    Wet Curing Condition
    Columns Curing with
    PVC Water J ackets
    1/10/2013
    7
    Dry Curing Condition
    Water J ackets
    Removed
    5/8 in.
    3/4 in.
    1/2 in.
    5/8 in.
    3/4 in.
    1/2 in.
    Increase in load with
    increasing rod stiffness
    5/8 in.
    3/4 in.
    1/2 in.
    5/8 in.
    3/4 in.
    1/2 in.
    5/8 in.
    3/4 in.
    1/2 in.
    1/10/2013
    8
    15% Komp
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    17% Komp
    15% Komp
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    17% Komp
    15% Komp
    30% Komp
    19% Komp
    17% Komp
    5/8 in. (287 lb)
    3/4 in. (562 lb)
    1/2 in. (209 lb)
    5/8 in. (287 lb)
    3/4 in. (562 lb)
    1/2 in. (209 lb)
    Increase in expansion with
    decreasing rod stiffness
    5/8 in. (340 lb)
    3/4 in. (360 lb)
    1/2 in. (392 lb)
    1/10/2013
    9
    5/8 in. (480 lb.)
    3/4 in. (361 lb)
    1/2 in. (529 lb)
    15% Komp (209 lb.)
    30% Komp (529 lb)
    19% Komp (392 lb)
    15% Komp (287 lb)
    30% Komp (480 lb)
    19% Komp (340 lb)
    15% Komp (562 lb)
    30% Komp (361 lb)
    19% Komp (360 lb)
    Instrumentation Conclusions
    GeoKon VWSG converges consistently with
    ASTM-standardized tests
    VWSG generates smoother, more complete
    data sets than length-comparator tests
    Overall behavior better characterized due to
    finer interval of readings
    Instrumentation Conclusions
    VWSG 6x12 specimens less vulnerable to
    environmental variation:
    Higher thermal mass than ASTM bar tests
    Lower surface-area-to-volume ratio than ASTM bar
    tests
    1/10/2013
    10
    Material Conclusions
    Bracketing the stiffness problem:
    Frame Size: 5/8
    Material Conclusions
    Bracketing the stiffness problem:
    Frame Size: 5/8
    Stiffness Variance: 36% 44%
    Theoretical Midpoint
    44% Stiffer
    36% Softer
    Material Conclusions
    Large increase in restraint stiffness does not
    cause a large gap in shrinkage compensation
    All column expansion data sets are tightly clustered
    A very stiff boundary condition will not prevent
    shrinkage-compensating expansion
    Type K shrinkage compensating concrete is not
    sensitive to a mature concrete boundary condition
    Material Conclusions
    Compressive stress is accompanied by
    significant expansion
    In general, higher loads are generated by
    stiffer restraint
    Both load and expansion are influenced by
    amount of pre-compression in the columns
    Work in progress: perform a range of tests with
    carefully controlled low pre-compression values
    Questions?

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