United S ta tes Pa tent [ 1 9 1

Po dh r a s k y
[ 5 4 ] METAL DETECTOR HAVING DIGITAL
S IGNAL PROCES S ING
Ro b er t J . Po dh r a s k y , Da l l a s , Tex .
Ga r r ett El ec tr o nic s , Inc . , Ga r l a nd,
Tex .
[ 2 1 ] Ap p l . No . : 7 5 2 , 0 1 8
[ 2 2 ] F il ed: J u l . 8 , 1 9 8 5
[ 7 5 ] Inv ento r :
[ 7 3 ] As s ig nee:
Rel a ted U. S . Ap p l ic a tio n Da ta
[ 6 3 ] Co ntinu a tio n o f S er . No . 4 0 1 , 3 7 8 , J u l . 2 3 , 1 9 8 2 , a b a n
do ned.
[ 5 1 ] Int. Cl . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G0 1 V 3 /1 1 ; GOl V 3 /6 5 ;
G0 1 R 1 5 /0 8 ; H0 3 M 1 /0 6
[ 5 2 ] U. S . Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /3 2 9 ; 3 2 4 /1 1 5 ;
3 2 4 /2 3 3 ; 3 4 0 /3 4 7 M; 3 4 0 /3 4 7 CC
[ 5 8 ] F iel d o f S ea r c h . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 2 5 , 2 3 3 , 2 3 9 , 3 2 6 - 3 2 9 ,
3 2 4 /3 3 9 , 1 1 5 , 1 3 1 ; 3 4 0 /3 4 7 CC, 3 4 7 M
[ 5 6 ] Ref er enc es Cited
U. S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
2 , 4 9 7 , 9 6 1 2 /1 9 5 0 S h a w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /1 3 1 X
2 , 6 0 8 , 6 0 2 8 /1 9 5 2 Mu f ?y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /3 2 9
3 , 0 3 0 , 4 7 0 2 / 1 9 6 2 S h a wh a n et a 1 . .
3 , 1 4 7 , 4 2 9 9 /1 9 6 4 Mo r a n .
3 , 2 0 2 , 9 0 9 8 /1 9 6 5 S tewa r t .
3 , 2 0 9 , 2 4 5 9 /1 9 6 5 Ha u g e .
( Lis t c o ntinu ed o n nex t p a g e. )
F OREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
6 3 7 3 3 6 5 /1 9 5 0 United King do m .
1 0 3 6 6 2 9 7 /1 9 6 6 United King do m .
1 5 3 4 0 3 9 1 1 /1 9 7 8 United King do m .
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
La nc a s ter , Do na l d E. El ec tr o nic Meta l Lo c a to r s Ba s ic
Ty p es a nd Des ig n F a c to r s El ec tr o nic s W o r l d Dec . 1 9 6 6
p p . 3 9 - 4 2 a nd 6 2 . '
F is h er , M- S c o p e VLF 5 5 3 D Detec to r Du a l S y s tem
Dis c r imina to r W ith Is o - Pl a nna r S ea r c h Hea d Op er a
to r s Ma nu a l .
Pu l s e Indu c tio n Meta l Detec to r s , Pu b l is h ed By Pu l s e
Indu c tio n, Ltd. , Lo ndo n.
Au to - Pu l s e l , A New Co nc ep t In Meta l Detec tio n.
[ 1 1 ] Pa tent Nu mb er :
[ 4 5 ] Da te o f Pa tent:
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7
I Co l a ni, C. , A New Ty p e Of Lo c a ting Dev ic e, Ar c h a
eo metr y , v o l . 9 , 1 9 6 9 .
Op er a tio n, Ma intena nc e, Ov er h a u l And Lis t Of Al l
Pa r ts Ma nu a l F o r Detec ting S et, Mine, Po r ta b l e, Meta l
l ic Mo del P- 1 5 8 Po l a n Indu s tr ies , Inc .
Op er a tio n, Ma intena nc e, Ov er h a u l And Lis t Of Al l
Pa r ts Ma nu a l F o r Detec ting S et, Mine, Au r a l Indic a
tio n, 1 0 - Vo l t DC . . . W o o dc a s e, Or eg o n Tec h nic a l
Pr o du c ts , Au g . 9 , 1 9 6 3 .
Pr ima r y Ex a miner Ger a r d R. S tr ec k er
Atto r ney , Ag ent, o r F ir mRic h a r ds , Ha r r is , Medl o c k &
Andr ews
[ 5 7 ] ABS TRACT
A meta l detec to r c ir c u it inc l u des a tr a ns mit c o il ( 1 2 )
a nd a r ec eiv e c o il ( 5 6 ) a r r a ng ed in a b a l a nc ed indu c tio n
c o n?g u r a tio n in a n el ec tr o ma g netic ?el d. Th e r ec eiv e
s ig na l f r o m th e r ec eiv e c o il ( 5 6 ) is inp u t to el ec tr o nic
s witc h es ( 1 4 6 , 1 4 8 ) wh ic h r ec eiv e q u a dr a tu r e r ef er enc e
inp u ts f r o m a p h a s e s h if t c ir c u it ( 1 1 2 ) . Th e p h a s e de
mo du l a ted o u tp u ts o f th e s witc h es ( 1 4 6 , 1 4 8 ) a r e p a s s ed A
th r o u g h a mp l i?er s a nd inp u t to a n a na l o g - to - dig ita l
c o nv er ter ( 3 2 4 ) to p r o du c e dig ita l s ig na l s a mp l es wh ic h
a r e tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a b u s ( 3 2 6 ) . Th e b u s ( 3 2 6 ) is
c o nnec ted to r a ndo m a c c es s memo r y ( 4 1 4 , 4 1 6 ) a nd a
r ea d o nl y memo r y ( 4 1 8 ) wh ic h inc l u des a s to r ed s ig na l
p r o c es s ing p r o g r a m. A mic r o p r o c es s o r ( 3 7 4 ) is c o n
nec ted to th e b u s ( 3 7 6 ) f o r r ec eiv ing th e dig ita l s ig na l
s a mp l es a nd th e s to r ed p r o g r a m f r o m memo r y ( 4 1 8 ) .
Th e mic r o p r o c es s o r ( 3 7 4 ) ex ec u tes th e s to r ed s ig na l
p r o c es s ing p r o g r a m to p r o du c e a dig ita l o u tp u t s ig na l
wh ic h is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h th e b u s ( 3 2 6 ) to a dig ita l
to - a na l o g c o nv er ter ( 3 6 0 ) . Th e c o nv er ter ( 3 6 0 ) p r o
du c es a n a na l o g o u tp u t s ig na l wh ic h is p a s s ed to a n
o u tp u t dr iv er c ir c u it wh ic h p r o du c es a ta r g et indic a tio n
s ig na l a t a s p ea k er ( 2 8 4 ) . Th e dig ita l s ig na l p r o c es s ing
p r o v ided b y th e mic r o p r o c es s o r ( 3 7 4 ) inc l u des c o nc u r
r ent g r o u nd c a nc el l a tio n a nd dis c r imina tio n with o u t th e
need f o r o p er a to r s el ec tio n o f th es e f u nc tio ns . Th e dig i
ta l o u tp u t p r o du c ed b y th e mic r o p r o c es s o r ( 3 7 4 ) , u p o n
detec tio n o f a n o b j ec t in th e el ec tr o ma g netic ?el d, c a n
b e dis p l a y ed in dig ita l r ea do u ts ( 4 7 4 - 4 8 2 ) .
2 7 Cl a ims , 2 6 Dr a wing F ig u r es
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
Pa g e 2
US . PATENT DOCUMENTS
3 , 2 1 4 , 6 8 6 1 0 /1 9 6 5 E1 1 i6 1 6 1 6 1 . .
3 , 3 1 5 , 1 5 5 4 /1 9 6 7 CO] a ni_ 3 , 9 5 0 , 6 9 5 4 /1 9 7 6 Ba r r ing er .
3 , 3 2 8 , 6 7 9 6 /1 9 6 7 $ 1 0 u g h ter _ 3 , 9 5 0 , 7 5 0 4 /1 9 7 6 Ch u r c h il l et 6 1 . .
3 , 3 3 7 , 7 9 6 8 /1 9 6 7 1 1 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 1 6 1 6 1 . 3 1 9 6 1 8 2 3 8 6 /1 9 7 6 Ra ndo l p h il n
3 , 3 4 4 , 3 4 6 9 /1 9 6 7 1 1 6 1 6 6 y . 3 , 9 7 2 , 0 4 1 7 /1 9 7 6 Ho wa r d.
3 , 3 5 5 , 6 5 8 1 1 /1 9 6 7 Ga r diner . 3 6 9 8 6 1 1 0 4 1 0 /1 9 7 6 Ra ndo l p h dr - -
3 , 3 8 3 , 5 9 4 5 /1 9 6 8 P1 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 6 1 6 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /1 3 1 x 3 , 9 9 9 , 9 6 5 1 1 /1 9 7 6 Pu r im" 9 t 4 1 '
3 , 3 9 1 , 3 3 6 7 /1 9 6 8 1 1 6 n1 6 6 1 1 6 1 . 4 , 0 0 8 , 4 6 9 2 /1 9 7 7 Ch a p ma n
3 , 4 5 3 , 5 3 2 7 /1 9 6 9 Ga r diner . 4 , 0 1 6 , 4 8 6 4 /1 9 7 7 Pec o r i.
3 , 4 6 7 , 8 5 5 9 /1 9 6 9 P6 n6 6 . 4 , 0 2 4 , 4 6 8 5 /1 9 7 7 Hir s c h i.
3 , 4 7 1 , 7 7 3 1 0 /1 9 6 9 p enl a nd _ 4 , 0 5 3 , 8 8 5 1 0 /1 9 7 7 To mita et a 1 . .
3 , 4 8 7 , 2 9 4 1 2 /1 9 6 9 Yo u ma ns et a 1 _ . 4 , 0 8 6 , 5 2 7 4 /1 9 7 8 Ca do t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 3 3
3 , 4 9 2 , 5 6 4 1 /1 9 7 Q Ba k er , J r 4 , 0 9 6 , 4 3 2 6 /1 9 7 8 S p enc er .
3 , 5 1 9 , 9 1 9 7 /1 9 7 0 R6 n6 6 . 4 , 0 9 9 , 1 1 6 7 /1 9 7 8 Ty nda l l
3 , 5 5 5 , 4 0 8 1 /1 9 7 1 Ro b ins o n. 4 , 1 1 0 , 6 7 9 8 /1 9 7 8 Pa y ne
3 , 5 5 9 , o 4 1 1 /1 9 7 1 Tr ig g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /1 3 1 X 4 , 1 2 8 , 8 0 3 1 2 /1 9 7 8 Pa y ne
3 , 5 7 3 , 7 8 4 4 /1 9 7 1 B6 6 1 1 6 r 6 r 6 1 6 1 . 4 , 1 3 0 , 7 9 2 1 2 /1 9 7 8 S u l l iv a n.
3 , 6 0 1 , 6 9 1 8 /1 9 7 1 Ga r diner . 4 , 2 0 4 , 1 6 0 5 /1 9 8 0 V0 1 ] .
3 , 6 1 4 , 6 0 0 1 0 /1 9 7 1 Ro nk a , 4 , 2 0 7 , 5 2 0 6 /1 9 8 0 F l o r a et a 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 3 3 X
3 , 6 2 6 , 2 7 9 1 2 /1 9 7 1 w6 1 d6 n. 4 , 2 1 3 , 0 9 3 7 /1 9 8 0 P6 6 6 r i.
3 , 6 6 2 , 2 5 5 5 /1 9 7 2 Ga r r ett , 4 , 2 3 0 , 9 8 7 1 0 /1 9 8 0 Mo r dwink c n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 3 3 x
3 , 6 7 6 , 7 7 2 7 /1 9 7 2 Lee, 4 , 2 4 9 , 1 2 8 2 /1 9 8 1 Ka r b o ws k i.
3 , 6 8 6 , 5 6 4 8 /1 9 7 2 Ma l l ic k , J r . 6 1 6 1 . . 4 , 2 5 5 , 7 1 0 5 /1 9 8 1 W eb er .
3 , 7 2 1 , 8 5 9 3 /1 9 7 3 B1 6 ny 6 r . 4 , 2 5 5 , 7 1 1 3 /1 9 8 1 Th o mp s o n
3 , 7 4 2 , 3 4 1 6 /1 9 7 3 Cl o wes et a 1 . . 4 , 2 6 3 , 5 5 3 4 /1 9 8 1 Co o k et a ] . .
3 , 7 5 8 , 8 4 9 9 /1 9 7 3 5 1 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 1 6 1 6 1 . . 4 , 3 0 3 , 8 7 9 1 2 /1 9 8 1 Po dh r a s k y - r
3 , 7 6 0 , 4 0 0 9 /1 9 7 3 G6 1 v 1 ne1 a 1 _ _ 4 , 3 2 1 , 5 8 3 3 /1 9 8 2 B6 r 6 n 6 1 6 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 0 /3 4 7 c c
3 , 7 6 3 , 4 2 4 1 0 /1 9 7 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 6 1 6 1 6 6 1 6 _ 4 , 3 2 2 , 6 8 3 3 /1 9 8 2 v i6 ir 6 6 1 6 1 . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 3 3 X
3 , 7 8 4 , 8 9 9 1 /1 9 7 4 c h a l ?n, - 4 , 3 2 6 , 1 6 6 4 /1 9 8 2 Pig 6 6 n 6 1 6 1 . 3 2 4 /2 2 5
3 , 8 2 3 , 3 6 5 7 /1 9 7 4 Ander 5 o n_ 4 , 3 3 1 , 9 2 0 5 /1 9 8 2 Ka l iS Ch 6 1 6 1 . . 3 2 4 /2 2 5
3 , 8 2 8 , 2 4 2 8 /1 9 7 4 v 6 nn_ 4 , 3 4 8 , 6 3 9 9 /1 9 8 2 Ka l ' b OW S k i 3 2 4 /3 2 9
3 , 8 4 8 , 1 8 2 1 1 /1 9 7 4 Gel - Her et a ] . _ 4 , 3 8 3 , 2 1 8 5 /1 9 8 3 Ha ns en CT 8 . 1 . . 3 2 4 /2 2 5
3 , 8 5 2 , 6 5 9 1 2 /1 9 7 4 B6 r r ing 6 r . 4 , 4 5 5 , 5 2 9 6 /1 9 8 4 s in6 1 6 ir . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /3 3 9
3 , 8 5 2 , 6 6 3 1 2 /1 9 7 4 1 6 0 0 1 1 6 6 1 6 1 _ 4 , 5 1 7 , 5 5 0 5 /1 9 8 5 N6 k 6 r nu r 6 6 1 6 1 . 3 4 0 /3 4 7 c c
3 , 8 7 2 , 3 8 0 3 /1 9 7 5 G6 r din6 r . 4 , 5 5 6 , 8 4 6 1 2 /1 9 8 5 D Ho ndt . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 2 5 x
3 , 8 9 6 , 3 7 1 7 /1 9 7 5 1 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 1 6 . 4 , 5 6 3 , 6 4 5 1 /1 9 8 6 Ker r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /3 2 9
3 9 0 6 3 7 6 9 /1 9 7 5 Ba s s . 4 , 5 6 4 , 8 0 9 1 /1 9 8 6 1 1 6 6 6 1 1 6 6 6 1 1 1 6 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 /2 2 5
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eetl o f 1 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
_ _ @@@a
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet4 o f 1 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
%
E0 5 2 $ 8 3
a
h mv
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eetS o f l 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
U
J >
ma ma mz imz n m
h mo mmo mm@ 5 0
N
< 0 8
mmo o o mo
; mx
mmo o o wc
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet6 o f l 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
MAS TER F LOW
_ CHART ( 5 0 0 ) INITIf LIZ E ( 5 0 4 )
POW ER ON @5 0 2 ' S ET AUDIO
RES ET AND DIS PLAY 5 2 6
COEF F ICIENTS
To Z ERO
' N' T' AL' Z E 5 0 4 OUTPUT T0 r 5 |4
AUDIO
* /5 l e
OUTPUT - TO
DIS PLAY
5 l 0 ACCEPT "5 3 2
/ ANALOG DATA
KEYBOARD
l NPUT - 5 4 0
ROUTINE /
MODIF Y A0 4 3 0 ,
AQ D AND BOD
. OF F S ET '
ACCEPT, S TORE , 5 2 c o Ns TANTs
AND PROCES S
DATA
OUTPUT TO /5 ' 4
AUDIO
i
OUTPUT TO I5 1 6
DIS PLAY
_ _ _ _ l
F /G- 6 ' F IG. 8
POW ER ON
RES ET ( 5 0 2 )
S ET PROGRAM
COUNTER 5 2 2
4
INITIALIZ E ALL
REGl S TERS AND _ 5 2 4
POINTERS
@
F IG. 7
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet7 o m 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
KEYBOARD INPUT ROUTINE ( 5 |O) AUD|O MODE S ET ( 5 5 2 )
/5 5 2 /5 8 8
PERF ORM DIS PLAY CURREN
AUDIO MODE * 1 AUDIO MODE
s ET
, 5 9 0
CLEAR KEYBO
PERF OF Q F S G DATA READY
METER MODE . F LAG
s ET
/5 6 O
PERF ORM
BATTERY -
TEs T
/5 9 6
/5 6 4 INDICATE
PERF ORM ERROR
S ENS ITIVITY *
s ET
S TORE c ORREc T
/5 6 8 ADDRES S IN / 5 9 8
AUDIO S LBROUTINE
PERF ORM
DIS CRIMINATE - PO' NTER
COEF F ICIENT s Er
DIS PLAY NEW
5 7 2 AUDIO , /6 OO
/ PARAMETER
PERF ORM
GROUND *
CANCE" S ET DELAY ( 3 S EC) v 6 0 2
W e @
PERF ORM
g g p l NG MODE "' \ _
, s a o
PERF ORM
AUDIO OF F S ET "
ROUTINE
/5 8 2
OUTPUT ERROR
MES S AGE "
E3
U. S . Pa tent > No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet8 o f l 4 Y 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
METER MODE S ET ( 5 5 6 ) BATTERY TES T ( 5 6 0 )
DIS PLAY CURRENT /6 0 8 CLEAR KEYBOARD /6 2 8
METER MODE DATA F LAG
s ET BATTERY 6 3 o
/
CLEAR KEYBOARD/6 ' 0 POW ER TO 1
DATA READY
F LAG
s TART ADC /6 3 2
CONVERS ION
o
KEYBOARD
INPUT
6 |6
/ /e4 s
INDICATE
ERROR NORMALIZ E INCREMENT
BATTERY VALUE
0 To 1 0 POINTER
s To RE c o RREc T 6 |8 OUTPUT BATTERY 6 3 8
ADDRES S IN / POINTER IN MS B /
S UBROUTINE OF LCD
POINTER
* OUTPUT
l g nl g TPg g YMg g g 5 2 S % ; ' iEUE /6 4
PARAMETER A m LS B ( 3 F LCD
I DELAY ( 2 S EC) {6 4 2
DELAY ( 3 S EC) , . , 6 2 2
F IG. l l
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h e' et9 o f 1 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
S ENS ITIVITY S ET ( 5 6 4 )
I
DIS PLAY c u RRENT
S ENS ITIVITY /6 5 2
PARAMETER
c LEAR KEYBOARD
DATA READY /6 5 4
F LAG
TES T F OR
K EYBOARD
/ 6 6 0
INDICATE
ERROR
S TORE GAIN x 6 6 2
PARAMETER
I
DIS PLAY NEW
S ENS ITIVITY /6 6 4
PARAMETER
I
DELAY ( 3 s Ec ) ) 6 6 6
I RETURN I
F IG. I3
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet 1 0 o f 1 ' 4 _ 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
DIS CRIMINATION COEF F ICIENT S ET ( 5 6 8 )
CLEAR KEYBOARD , 1 6 7 2
DATA F LAG
T
DIS PLAY CURRENT
DIS CRIMINATION /6 7 4
COEF F ICIENT
TES T F OR
KEYBOARD
/6 &)
INDICATE
ERRo R
s To RE Ls
DIGIT 0 F #6 9 2
~ DIS CRIMINATION
S TORE Ms COEF F ICIENT
DIGIT OF 6 8 2
DIS CRIMINATION c LEAR KEYBOARD , e9 4
COEF F ICIENT DATA F LAG
' CONVERT
/6 8 4 DIS CRIMINATl ON #6 9 6
CLEAR KEYBOARD COEF F ICIENT
DATA F LAG To DC]
6 8 6 s To RE a m #6 9 8
ES T F OR
KEYBOARD
DIS PLAY NEW
DIS CRIMINATION
COEF F ICIENT #7 0 0
INDICATE 7 0 2
ERROR DELAY ( 3 s Ec ) "
F IG. 1 4
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet 1 1 o f l 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3 '
GROUND CANCEL S ET ( 5 7 2 ) TUNING MODE S ET ( 5 7 6 )
CLEAR DIS PLAY c URRENT
KEYBOARD DATA "' HO TUNING mm /7 2 6
READY F LAG
c LEAR
INITIAI- IZ E * 5 0 4 KEYBOARD DATA /7 2 8
READY F LAG
7 |2 7 3 0
TES T
KEYBOARD F OR N ES T F OR
4 6 mg CANCEL KEYBOARD
' CALIBRATE?
Y 7 1 4 7 1 9
CLEA / / /7 3 4
R DATA OUTPUT ERRo R
READY F LAG MES S AGE INDICATE
* ERRo R
ACCEPT ANALOG /5 3 2
DATA
s To RE , 7 3 6
TUNING Mo DE
PARAMETER
DIS PLAY
TUNING Mo DE /7 3 8
PARAMETER
CALCULATE DELTA
v ALUEs AD a s D
AD= A' A0
8 0 : ? BO DELAY ( 3 S EC) _ _ _ 7 4 0
c ALGULATE /7 2 2 @
$ 2 8 P$ Eb 1
G = AD* ED F IG. 1 6
@
F IG. 1 5
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet 1 2 o f 1 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
ACCEPT , PROCES S
AUDIO OF F S ET ROUTINE ( 5 8 0 ) AND S TORE DATA ( 5 |2 )
x
CLEAR KEYBDARD /7 4 6 ACCEPT ANALOG /5 3 2 .
DATA F LAG , DATA
DIS PLAY c u RRENT 7 4 8 /7 8 2
AUDIO OF F S ET / Y
COEF F ICIENT Ao g F OR OUT OF ENR IIS Q TE
TES T F OR
AUTOMATIC
TUNING
, 2 5 4
INDICATE - MODIF Y A0 AND /?8 6
OF F S ET
ERROR P RAMEI' ERS
S TORE MS /7 5 6 CALCULATE /7 8 8
DIGIT OF A0 3 GROUND CANCEL
c ) VALUE
CLEAR KEYBOARD x 7 5 8 CALCULATE /7 9 0
DATA F LAG DIS CRIMINATION
( D) VALUE
I
7 6 0 CALCULATE /7 9 2
DES IRED DIS PLAY
VALUE M
/7 6 4 i
INDICATE
ERROR
ES T F OR
KEYBOARD
S TORE LS /7 6 6
DIGIT 0 F A0 3
I /7 6 8
CLEAR KEYBOARD I /7 7 2
DATA F LAG
I {J 7 0 DELAY ( 3 S EC)
DIS PLAY NEW
AUDIO OF F S ET
COEF F ICIENT '
F IG. I7
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7 S h eet 1 3 o f l 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
ACCEPT ANALOG DATA I5 3 2 ) CALCULATE GROUND
CANCEL ( C) VALUE I 7 8 8 )
I ' I .
S ET AD A CALCULATE DELTA
DAc PO$ NT R S #7 9 8 VALUES AD AND 8 0 /8 2 0
AD = A - Ao
BD = B - BO
OUTPUT DAC I
VALUE AND ' 8 0 0 s c ALE BD VALUE /8 2 2
DES TINATION wr r H GROUND c AmEI.
ADDRES S COEF F ICIENT ( s o )
B6 = s c * BD
DELAY ( I mS EC) I
1 /8 0 2 c ALc u LATE VALLE OF /8 2 4
I GROUND CANCEL ( c )
S TART ADC S IGNAL
CONVERS ION ' 8 0 4 - C = AD Be
S TORE c / 8 2 6
@
F IG. 2 0
/8 0 8
CALCULATE
/8 |2 DIS CRIMINATION ID) VALUE ( 7 9 0 )
INCREMENT I
POINTERS CALCULATE DELTA
VALUES AD AND BD /8 2 0
AD = A - b 0
BD = 5 - BO
S CALE Bo VALUE
W ITH DIS CRIMINATION
COEF F ICIENT ( Dc l I
TO PRODUCE BDl S
I
CALCULATE , 8 3 6
DIS CRIMINATION ( D)
OUTPUT VALUE
/8 3 4
S TORE D /8 3 8
F IG. 2 ] @ E
U. S . Pa tent No v . 2 4 , 1 9 8 7
CALCULATE DES IRED
DIS PLAY VALUE M I7 9 2 )
S h eet 1 4 o f l 4 4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
F IG. 2 2
I RETURN I
OUTPUT TO
AUDIO ( 5 l 4 )
I
S ELECT DES IRED , 8 6 6
OUTPUT VALUE
I
OF F S ET TO
DES IRED
AUDIO LEVEL
I
LOAD DATA
INTO DAC
I
OUTPUT ANALOG
DATA TO AUDIO X3 7 2
CIRCUITRY
@
F IG. 2 3
OUTPUT TO
DIS PLAY ( 5 3 0 )
I
CONVERT
METER VALUE
M TO BCD
I
OUTPUT THE
I
OUTPUT THE
TW O LS DIGITS
@
F I6 . 2 4
x 8 6 8
/ 8 7 0
- 8 7 6
TW O MS DIGITS 8 7 8
x 8 8 0
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
1
METAL DETECTOR HAVING DIGITAL S IGNAL
PROCES S ING
Th is a p p l ic a tio n is a c o ntinu a tio n o f a p p l ic a tio n S er . _
No . 4 0 1 , 3 7 8 ?l ed J u l y 2 3 , 1 9 8 2 , no w a b a ndo ned.
TECHNICAL F IELD
Th e p r es ent inv entio n p er ta ins to el ec tr o nic meta l
detec to r c ir c u its a nd in p a r tic u l a r to meta l detec to r
c ir c u its wh ic h p r o v ide g r o u nd c a nc el l a tio n a nd ta r g et
dis c r imina tio n.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Indu c tio n b a l a nc e meta l detec to r s a r e widel y u s ed f o r
th e detec tio n o f f er r o ma g netic a nd c o ndu c tiv e b o dies
h idden b enea th th e s u r f a c e o f th e ea r th . One p r o b l em
enc o u nter ed with th e u s e o f th es e detec to r s is th e g ener
a tio n o f s p u r io u s s ig na l s du e to th e p r es enc e o f miner a l
iz ed s o il . It is k no wn th a t th e p h a s e b etween th e tr a ns
mit a nd r ec eiv e s ig na l s o f a meta l detec to r c a n v a r y a s
a f u nc tio n o f th e el ec tr ic a l na tu r e o f th e ma ter ia l with in
th e ?el d o f a s ea r c h c o il . S u c h p h a s e inf o r ma tio n h a s
b een u til iz ed to r edu c e th e ex tr a neo u s s ig na l s c a u s ed b y
miner a l iz ed s o il a s wel l a s to p r o v ide a deg r ee o f dis
c r imina tio n b etween c l a s s es o f ta r g ets .
It h a s b een th e u s u a l p r o c edu r e to s ea r c h with a meta l
detec to r s et in a g r o u nd c a nc el l a tio n mo de u ntil a n
o b j ec t is detec ted. Th e detec to r is th en s witc h ed to a
dis c r imina tio n mo de to a ttemp t c l a s s i?c a tio n to deter
mine wh eth er th e detec ted o b j ec t is o f inter es t. Th is
p r o c edu r e r eq u ir es th e o p er a to r to initia l l y a dj u s t th e
meta l detec to r to h a v e a s p ec i?c g r o u nd c a nc el l a tio n
c o nditio n a s wel l a s a s p ec i?c dis c r imina tio n c o nditio n.
Th es e c o nditio ns a r e s et u p b y a dj u s ting p o tentio meter s
wh ic h c o ntr o l p h a s e s h if t c ir c u its . Th e ef f ec tiv enes s o f
th es e a dj u s tments , to a s u b s ta ntia l ex tent, dep ends u p o n
th e o p er a to r s ex p er ienc e a nd s k il l . Th e g r o u nd c a nc el
l a tio n a dj u s tment c a n p r o v e to b e a p a r tic u l a r p r o b l em
s inc e it is s o mewh a t time c o ns u ming a nd s o il c o nditio ns
c a n v a r y ev en with in a s ma l l a r ea . Th e a na l o g c ir c u itr y
o f a meta l detec to r a l s o h a s th e tendenc y to dr if t du e to
th er ma l a nd b a tter y c o nditio ns . Th e net r es u l t o f th es e
f a c to r s o f ten is c o ns ider a b l e inc o nv enienc e to th e o p er
a to r du e to th e nec es s ity o f f r eq u ent c ir c u it a dj u s tment.
Onc e a n o b j ec t is detec ted with a c o nv entio na l meta l
detec to r , th e r es p o ns e is p r o v ided to th e o p er a to r b y
mea ns o f a n a u dio s ig na l o r a meter r ea ding . Th es e
indic a tio ns p r o v ide no th ing mo r e th a n a n indic a tio n
th a t a n o b j ec t h a s b een detec ted a nd th a t it ma y b e
with in a v er y b r o a d c l a s s , a s deter mined b y th e dis c r imi
na tio n s etting . Th e o u tp u t p r o v ided to th e o p er a to r is
b a s ic a l l y a y es /no r es p o ns e r a th er th a n a q u a l ita tiv e
indic a tio n o f th e na tu r e o f th e ma ter ia l in th e ?el d o f th e
s ea r c h c o il . .
In v iew o f th e a b o v e l imita tio ns r eg a r ding c o nv en
tio na l meta l detec to r c ir c u its th er e ex is ts a need f o r a n
1 5
3 5
4 5
5 5
a dv a nc ed meta l detec to r wh ic h c a n ev a l u a te ta r g et
inf o r ma tio n with a s u b s ta ntia l deg r ee o f p r ec is io n. Th e
inc o nv enienc e to th e o p er a to r c a u s ed b y th e need to s et
g r o u nd c a nc el l a tio n c o nditio ns s h o u l d b e s u b s ta ntia l l y
r edu c ed o r el imina ted. Dis c r imina tio n s etting s h o u l d b e
a dj u s ta b l e q u a ntita tiv el y a nd with g r ea t p r ec is io n. F u r
th er , th e deta il ed a nd mo r e p r ec is e s ig na l inf o r ma tio n
p r o du c ed a s a r es u l t o f enh a nc ed s ig na l p r o c es s ing
s h o u l d p r o v ide a q u a ntita tiv e o u tp u t to th e o p er a to r
r es u l ting in mu c h g r ea ter k no wl edg e o f th e na tu r e o f
6 0
6 . 5
2
th e ma ter ia l with in th e ?el d o f th e meta l detec to r s ea r c h
c o il .
S UMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A s el ec ted emb o diment o f th e p r es ent inv entio n is a
meta l detec to r c ir c u it wh ic h inc l u des a n o s c il l a to r f o r
g ener a ting a tr a ns mit s ig na l a nd a tr a ns mit c o il f o r r e
c eiv ing th e tr a ns mit s ig na l th er eth r o u g h to g ener a te a n
el ec tr o ma g netic ?el d. A r ec eiv e c o il is p o s itio ned in th e
el ec tr o ma g netic ?el d f o r g ener a ting a r ec eiv e s ig na l
th r o u g h indu c tiv e c o u p l ing f r o m th e tr a ns mit c o il . A
p h a s e demo du l a tio n c ir c u it r ec eiv es th e tr a ns mit a nd
r ec eiv e s ig na l s a nd p r o du c es ?r s t a nd s ec o nd p h a s e
demo du l a ted s ig na l s . Th e ?r s t a nd s ec o nd p h a s e de
mo du l a ted s ig na l s a r e dig itiz ed to p r o du c e dig ita l s ig na l
s a mp l es . A dig ita l c o mmu nic a tio n b u s is c o nnec ted to
r ec eiv e th e dig ita l s ig na l s a mp l es f r o m th e dig itiz ing
c ir c u it. A dig ita l memo r y is c o nnec ted to th e c o mmu ni
c a tio n b u s a nd inc l u des a s to r ed p r o g r a m th er ein. A
mic r o p r o c es s o r is c o nnec ted to th e c o mmu nic a tio n b u s
a nd s er v es to ex ec u te th e s to r ed p r o g r a m to p r o c es s th e
dig ita l s ig na l s a mp l es a nd g ener a te a dig ita l o u tp u t s ig
na l f o r indic a ting detec tio n o f a n o b j ec t in th e el ec tr o
ma g netic ?el d. F u r th er c ir c u it mea ns a r e p r o v ided
wh ic h a r e c o nnec ted to th e mic r o p r o c es s o r f o r r ec eiv
ing th e dig ita l o u tp u t s ig na l a nd g ener a ting th er ef r o m a
ta r g et indic a tio n s ig na l f o r a n o p er a to r .
BRIEF DES CRIPTION OF THE DRAW INGS
F o r a mo r e c o mp l ete u nder s ta nding o f th e p r es ent
inv entio n a nd th e a dv a nta g es th er eo f , r ef er enc e is ma de
to th e f o l l o wing Deta il ed Des c r ip tio n ta k en in c o nj u nc
tio n with th e a c c o mp a ny ing Dr a wing s in wh ic h :
F IG. 1 is a s c h ema tic il l u s tr a tio n o f meta l detec to r
a na l o g s ig na l g ener a tio n, c o l l ec tio n a nd demo du l a tio n
a nd o f th e o u tp u t dr iv er o f th e meta l detec to r c ir c u it o f
th e p r es ent inv entio n;
F IGS . 2 A, 2 B a nd 2 C a r e s c h ema tic il l u s tr a tio ns o f
th e p o wer s u p p l ies f o r th e c ir c u its o f th e p r es ent inv en
tio n;
F IG. 3 is a b l o c k dia g r a m a nd s c h ema tic il l u s tr a tio n
o f a na l o g - to - dig ita l a nd dig ita l - to - na l o g c o nv er s io n c ir
c u itr y ;
F IG. v 4 is a b l o c k a nd s c h ema tic il l u s tr a tio n o f a mi
c r o p r o c es s o r , b u s a nd memo r y u til iz ed in th e p r es ent
inv entio n;
F IG. S is a b l o c k a nd s c h ema tic il l u s tr a tio n o f k ey
b o a r d inp u t a nd th e dig ita l o u tp u t c ir c u itr y o f th e p r es
ent inv entio n;
F IG. 6 is a ma s ter ?o w c h a r t s h o wing th e g ener a l
s eq u entia l o p er a tio n o f th e s ig na l p r o c es s ing s y s tem f o r
th e s u b j ec t meta l detec to r ;
F IG. 7 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e p o wer o n
r es et o p er a tio n;
F IG. 8 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e initia l iz a tio n
r o u tine;
F IG. 9 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e k ey b o a r d
inp u t r o u tine;
F IG. 1 0 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e a u dio mo de
s et r o u tine;
F IG. 1 1 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e meter mo de
s et r o u tine;
F IG. 1 2 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e b a tter y tes t
r o u tine;
F IG. 1 3 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e s ens itiv ity
s et r o u tine;
F IG. 1 4 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e dis c r imina
tio n c o ef ?c ient s et r o u tine;
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
3
F IG. 1 5 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e g r o u nd
c a nc el s et r o u tine;
F IG. 1 6 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e tu ning
mo de s et r o u tine;
F IG. 1 7 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e a u dio o f f s et
r o u tine;
F IG. 1 8 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e o p er a tio ns
o f a c c ep t, p r o c es s a nd s to r e da ta r ec eiv ed b y th e meta l
detec to r ;
F IG. 1 9 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e o p er a tio n o f
a c c ep t a na l o g da ta ;
F IG. 2 0 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e c a l c u l a te
g r o u nd c a nc el ( C) v a l u e;
F IG. 2 1 is a ?o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e c a l c u l a te
dis c r imina tio n ( D) v a l u e;
F IG. 2 2 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e c a l c u l a te
des ir ed dis p l a y v a l u e ( M) ;
F IG. 2 3 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e o u tp u t to
a u dio r o u tine; a nd
F IG. 2 4 is a f l o w dia g r a m il l u s tr a ting th e o u tp u t to
dis p l a y r o u tine.
DETAILED DES CRIPTION
An indu c tio n b a l a nc e meta l detec to r is des c r ib ed
wh ic h u til iz es a na l o g c ir c u itr y to tr a ns mit a nd r ec eiv e a
s ig na l a s wel l a s to p er f o r m p h a s e demo du l a tio n. F o l
l o wing th e p h a s e demo du l a tio n th e inf o r ma tio n s ig na l s
a r e dig itiz ed f o r p r o c es s ing .
In th e emb o diment o f th e p r es ent inv entio n des c r ib ed
h er ein th er e a r e s h o wn f o u r indep endent p o wer
" s u p p l ies des ig na ted a s VA, VR, VL, a nd V5 . Th e v o l ta g e
VA p o wer s th e a na l o g c ir c u itr y a nd is ty p ic a l l y 1 2 v o l ts ,
VR is a s ta b l e r ef er enc e v o l ta g e a nd is ty p ic a l l y 5 v o l ts ,
VL p o wer s th e dig ita l l o g ic c ir c u itr y a nd is ty p ic a l l y 5
v o l ts , a nd VS p o wer s th e s o u nd o r a u dio o u tp u t c ir
c u itr y a nd is ty p ic a l l y 9 v o l ts . Th er e a r e inc l u ded th r ee
g r o u nd s y mb o l s , o ne f o r dig ita l g r o u nd, o ne f o r a na l o g
g r o u nd a nd o ne f o r th e a u dio o r s o u nd c ir c u it. Th e
dig ita l g r o u nd is indic a ted b y a do wnwa r d f a c ing a r
' r o w, th e a na l o g g r o u nd is indic a ted b y th r ee p a r a l l el
. l ines a t a s l a nt, a nd th e a u dio g r o u nd is indic a ted b y a
s er ies o f h o r iz o nta l l ines o f dec r ea s ing l eng th f o r ming a
tr ia ng l e. Th es e th r ee dis tinc t g r o u nd p a th s a r e u s ed to
el imina te inter f er enc e b etween th e c ir c u its du e to c u r
r ents in th e g r o u nd p a th s .
Ref er r ing no w to F IG. 1 , th e meta l detec to r c ir c u it
f o r th e des c r ib ed emb o diment o f th e p r es ent inv entio n
inc l u des a n o s c il l a to r 1 0 f o r g ener a ting a s inu s o ida l
s ig na l th a t is p a s s ed th r o u g h a tr a ns mit c o il 1 2 . Th e
o s c il l a to r 1 0 inc l u des a PNP tr a ns is to r 1 4 wh ic h h a s its
c o l l ec to r ter mina l c o nnec ted to a no de 1 6 wh ic h is in
tu r n c o nnec ted to a ?r s t ter mina l o f th e tr a ns mit c o il 1 2 .
A c a p a c ito r 1 8 is c o nnec ted b etween th e c o l l ec to r a nd
emitter ter mina l s o f tr a ns is to r 1 4 . A r es is to r 2 0 is c o n
nec ted b etween th e emitter o f tr a ns is to r 1 4 a nd a p o wer
ter mina l 2 2 c o nnec ted to th e VA s u p p l y . A r es is to r 2 4 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 1 4
a nd th e p o wer ter mina l 2 2 .
A c a p a c ito r 3 0 is c o nnec ted b etween th e emitter
ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 1 4 a nd a no de 3 2 wh ic h is c o n=
nec ted to th e a na l o g g r o u nd. Th e tr a ns mit c o il 1 2 is
c o nnec ted b etween no de 3 2 a nd no de 1 6 .
A dio de 3 4 h a s th e a no de ter mina l th er eo f c o nnec ted
to no de 1 6 . A c a p a c ito r 3 6 is c o nnec ted b etween no de
3 2 a nd th e c a th o de ter mina l o f dio de 3 4 . A p a ir o f r es is
to r s 3 8 a nd 4 0 a r e c o nnec ted in s er ies b etween no de 3 2
a nd th e j u nc tio n o f dio de 3 4 a nd c a p a c ito r 3 6 .
1 5
3 5
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
4
Th e j u nc tio n o f r es is to r s 3 8 a nd 4 0 is c o nnec ted to th e
no ninv er ting inp u t o f a dif f er entia l a mp l i?er 4 2 . A r es is
to r 4 4 is c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a m
p l i?er 4 2 a nd its r ef er enc e v o l ta g e VR. A c a p a c ito r 5 2 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 4 2 a nd its
inv er ting inp u t. A r es is to r 5 4 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 4 2 a nd th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r
1 4 . Pr ef er a b l y , th e f r eq u enc y o f o s c il l a to r 1 0 is a p p r o x i
ma tel y 5 KHZ .
Th e meta l detec to r c ir c u it o f th e p r es ent inv entio n
f u r th er inc l u des , a r ec eiv e c o il 5 6 wh ic h is p h y s ic a l l y
l o c a ted to b e in a b a l a nc ed indu c tio n c o n?g u r a tio n with
th e tr a ns mit c o il 1 2 . Th e r ec eiv e c o il 5 6 is c o nnec ted to
a tr a ns f o r mer 5 8 th r o u g h a p r ima r y c o il 5 8 a . Tr a ns
f o r mer 5 8 inc l u des a s ec o nda r y c o il 5 8 b wh ic h is c o n
nec ted b etween no des 6 0 a nd 6 2 . No de 6 2 is c o nnec ted
to th e a na l o g g r o u nd. A c a p a c ito r 6 4 is a l s o c o nnec ted
b etween no des 6 0 a nd 6 2 .
Th e r ec eiv e s ig na l f r o m c o il 5 6 is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h
tr a ns f o r mer 5 8 to a p r ea mp l i?er c ir c u it wh ic h is des ig
na ted g ener a l l y a s 7 0 . Th e p r ea mp l i?er 7 0 inc l u des a n
NPN tr a ns is to r 7 2 wh ic h h a s its b a s e ter mina l c o n
nec ted th r o u g h a r es is to r 7 4 to th e r ef er enc e v o l ta g e
VR. A c a p a c ito r 7 6 is c o nnec ted b etween th e b a s e ter
mina l o f tr a ns is to r 7 2 a nd no de 6 2 , a na l o g g r o u nd. A
r es is to r 7 8 is c o nnec ted b etween no de 6 0 a nd th e emit
ter ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 7 2 . A c a p a c ito r 8 0 is c o nnec ted
in p a r a l l el with r es is to r 7 8 . A r es is to r 8 2 is c o nnec ted
b etween th e c o l l ec to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 7 2 a nd V A
s u p p l y a t ter mina l 2 2 .
Th e p r ea mp l i?er 7 0 f u r th er inc l u des a PNP tr a ns is to r
8 8 wh ic h h a s its b a s e ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e c o l l ec
to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 7 2 . A r es is to r 9 0 is c o nnec ted
b etween th e c o l l ec to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 8 8 a nd
g r o u nd no de 6 2 . A c a p a c ito r 9 2 is c o nnec ted in p a r a l l el
with r es is to r 9 0 . A r es is to r 9 4 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
emitter ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 8 8 a nd a no de 9 6 . A r es is
to r 9 8 is c o nnec ted b etween no de 9 6 a nd th e p o wer
ter mina l VA a t ter mina l 2 2 . A c a p a c ito r 1 0 0 is c o nnec ted
in p a r a l l el with r es is to r 9 8 .
Th e p r ea mp l i?er 7 0 f u r th er inc l u des a n NPN tr a ns is
to r 1 0 6 wh ic h h a s its c o l l ec to r ter mina l c o nnec ted to
th e p o wer ter mina l VA a t ter mina l 2 2 . A r es is to r 1 0 8 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 1 0 6
a nd th e c o l l ec to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 8 8 . A r es is to r
1 1 0 is c o nnec ted b etween th e emitter ter mina l o f tr a n
s is to r 1 0 6 a nd th e g r o u nd no de 6 2 .
Th e s inu s o ida l s ig na l g ener a ted b y th e o s c il l a to r 1 0 is
a l s o tr a ns mitted f r o m no de 1 6 to a p h a s e s h if t c ir c u it
1 1 2 . Th e tr a ns mit s ig na l f r o m o s c il l a to r 1 0 is p a s s ed
s er ia l l y f r o m no de 1 6 th r o u g h a c a p a c ito r 1 1 4 a nd a
r es is to r 1 1 6 to a no de 1 1 8 . Ph a s e s h if t c ir c u it 1 1 2 in
c l u des v o l ta g e c o mp a r a to r s 1 2 0 a nd 1 2 2 . Th e no nin
v er ting inp u ts o f c o mp a r a to r s 1 2 0 1 2 2 a r e c o nnec ted to
th e VR s u p p l y .
A r es is to r 1 2 8 is c o nnec ted b etween no de 1 1 8 a nd th e
VR s u p p l y . A r es is to r 1 3 0 is c o nnec ted b etween no de
1 1 8 a nd th e inv er ting inp u t o f c o mp a r a to r 1 2 0 . A c a p a c
ito r 1 3 2 is c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting a nd no nin
v er ting inp u ts o f c o mp a r a to r 1 2 0 . A c a p a c ito r 1 3 4 is
c o nnec ted b etween no de 1 1 8 a nd th e inv er ting inp u t o f
c o mp a r a to r 1 2 2 . A r es is to r 1 3 6 is c o nnec ted b etween
th e inv er ting a nd no ninv er ting inp u ts o f c o mp a r a to r
1 2 2 .
Th e o u tp u t o f c o mp a r a to r 1 2 0 c o mp r is es a p h a s e
r ef er enc e s ig na l f o r a c h a nnel A o f th e meta l detec to r
c ir c u it. Th is p h a s e r ef er enc e s ig na l is tr a ns mitted
th r o u g h a no de A. Th e o u tp u t o f c o mp a r a to r 1 2 2 c o m
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
5
p r is es th e p h a s e r ef er enc e s ig na l f o r a c h a nnel B. Th is
r ef er enc e s ig na l is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a no de B. Res is
to r s 1 3 8 a nd 1 4 0 a r e c o nnec ted in s er ies b etween th e
o u tp u ts o f c o mp a r a to r s 1 2 0 a nd 1 2 2 . Th e VA s u p p l y is
c o nnec ted to th e j u nc tio n o f r es is to r s 1 3 8 a nd 1 4 0 .
Th e dig ita l c ir c u itr y p o r tio n o f th e p r es ent inv entio n
g ener a tes a g r o u p o f des tina tio n s el ec t s ig na l s wh ic h a r e
l a b el ed DS O, DS ] a nd DS 2 . Th e s o u r c e o f th es e s ig na l s
is s h o wn in F IG. 3 . Th e dig ita l c ir c u itr y a l s o g ener a tes
a n a na l o g s ig na l wh ic h is l a b el ed DA. Th es e s ig na l s a r e
inp u t to th e a na l o g c ir c u itr y s h o wn in F IG. 1 .
Th e r ec eiv e s ig na l f r o m p r ea mp l i?er 7 0 is tr a ns mitted
f r o m th e emitter ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 1 0 6 th r o u g h a
l ine 1 4 2 to ?r s t ter mina l s o f c a p a c ito r s 1 4 4 a nd 1 4 5 . Th e
s ec o nd ter mina l o f c a p a c ito r 1 4 4 is c o nnec ted to th e
inp u t ter mina l o f el ec tr o nic s witc h 1 4 6 . Th e s ec o nd
ter mina l o f c a p a c ito r 1 4 5 is c o nnec ted to th e inp u t ter
mina l o f a n el ec tr o nic s witc h 1 4 8 . A r es is to r 1 5 0 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e inp u t o f th e s witc h 1 4 6 a nd
v o l ta g e s u p p l y VR a nd a r es is to r 1 4 9 is c o nnec ted b e
tween th e inp u t o f s witc h 1 4 8 a nd r ef er enc e v o l ta g e
s u p p l y VR. Th e c h a nnel A p h a s e r ef er enc e s ig na l f r o m
c o mp a r a to r 1 2 0 is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h no de A to th e
c o ntr o l inp u t o f s witc h 1 4 6 . Th e c h a nnel B p h a s e r ef er
enc e s ig na l is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h no de B to th e c o ntr o l
inp u t o f s witc h 1 4 8 . Th e s witc h es 1 4 6 a nd 1 4 8 s er v e a s
a mea ns f o r p h a s e demo du l a ting th e r ec eiv e s ig na l in
r es p o ns e to th e r ef er enc e s ig na l s p r o v ided to th e c o ntr o l
inp u ts th er eo f . Th e p h a s e s h if t c ir c u it 1 1 2 is a mea ns f o r
p r o v iding ?r s t a nd s ec o nd r el a tiv e p h a s e r el a tio ns b e
tween th e r ef er enc e s ig na l s der iv ed f r o m th e tr a ns mit
s ig na l a nd r ec eiv e s ig na l p r o v ided to th e p h a s e demo du
l a tio n s witc h es 1 4 6 a nd 1 4 8 .
Th e da ta s el ec t s ig na l D5 0 is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a
r es is to r 1 5 1 to th e b a s e ter mina l o f a n NPN tr a ns is to r
1 5 2 . Th e emitter o f tr a ns is to r 1 5 2 is c o nnec ted to th e
a na l o g g r o u nd. Th e c o l l ec to r o f tr a ns is to r 1 5 2 is c o n
nec ted to th e c o ntr o l inp u t o f a n el ec tr o nic s witc h 1 5 4
a nd th r o u g h a r es is to r 1 5 6 to th e p o wer s u p p l y VA.
Th e DS l s ig na l is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a r es is to r 1 5 8
to th e b a s e ter mina l o f a n NPN tr a ns is to r 1 6 0 wh ic h h a s
its emitter ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e a na l o g g r o u nd.
Th e c o l l ec to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 1 6 0 is c o nnec ted to
th e c o ntr o l inp u t o f a n el ec tr o nic s witc h 1 6 2 . Th e c o l
l ec to r ter mina l is f u r th er c o nnec ted th r o u g h a r es is to r
1 6 4 to th e p o wer s u p p l y VA.
Th e DA s ig na l is p r o v ided to th e inp u ts o f s witc h es
1 5 4 a nd 1 6 2 . Th e o u tp u t o f s witc h 1 5 4 is c o nnec ted to
th e inv er ting inp u t o f a n a mp l i?er 1 7 0 . Th e o u tp u t o f
s witc h 1 4 6 is c o nnec ted th r o u g h a r es is to r 1 7 2 to th e
no ninv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 7 0 . Amp l i?er 1 7 0 is
des ig ned to h a v e a ?x ed g a in. A p a ir o f c a p a c ito r s 1 7 4
a nd 1 7 6 a r e c o nnec ted in s er ies b etween th e no ninv er t
ing a nd inv er ting inp u ts o f a mp l i?er 1 7 0 . Th e j u nc tio n
o f c a p a c ito r s 1 7 4 a nd 1 7 6 is c o nnec ted to th e r ef er enc e
v o l ta g e s u p p l y VR.
Th e o u tp u t f r o m s witc h 1 6 2 is p r o v ided to th e inv er t
ing inp u t o f a ?x ed g a in a mp l i?er 1 7 8 . Th e o u tp u t o f
s witc h 1 4 8 is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a r es is to r 1 7 9 to th e
no ninv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 7 8 . A p a ir o f c a p a c ito r s
1 8 0 a nd 1 8 2 a r e c o nnec ted in s er ies b etween th e no nin
v er ting a nd inv er ting inp u ts o f a mp l i?er 1 7 8 . Th e j u nc
tio n o f c a p a c ito r s 1 8 0 a nd 1 8 2 is c o nnec ted to th e r ef er
enc e v o l ta g e VR.
Th e a mp l i?er s 1 7 0 a nd 1 7 8 r ec eiv e p o wer f r o m th e
VA s u p p l y th r o u g h r es is to r s 1 8 4 a nd 1 8 6 r es p ec tiv el y .
Th e a mp l i?er s 1 7 0 a nd 1 7 8 a r e p r o v ided with o f f s et
v o l ta g es wh ic h a r e s to r ed r es p ec tiv el y a c r o s s c a p a c i
5
2 5
3 5
4 5
6 5
6
to r s 1 7 4 a nd 1 8 0 . Th es e o f f s et v o l ta g es a r e p r o v ided
th r o u g h th e l ine DA a nd s er v e to b r ing th e o u tp u ts o f
a mp l i?er s 1 7 0 a nd 1 7 8 to with in a des ir ed o p er a ting
r a ng e.
Th e o u tp u t f r o m a mp l i?er 1 7 0 is p r o v ided to th e
no ninv er ting inp u t o f a n o p er a tio na l a mp l i?er 1 8 8 . A
p a r a l l el c o mb ina tio n o f a p o tentio meter 1 9 0 a nd a c a
p a c ito r 1 9 2 h a s a ?r s t ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e inv er t
ing inp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 8 8 . A r es is to r 1 9 4 is c o nnec ted
b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 8 8 a nd th e
r ef er enc e v o l ta g e VR. A r es is to r 1 9 5 is c o nnec ted b e
tween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 8 8 a nd th e a na
l o g g r o u nd.
Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 7 0 is f u r th er tr a ns mitted to a
ter mina l l a b el ed AL. Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 8 8 is
tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a r es is to r 1 9 8 to a ter mina l l a b el ed
AH. Th e s ec o nd ter mina l o f th e p a r a l l el c o mb ina tio n o f
p o tentio meter 1 9 0 a nd c a p a c ito r 1 9 2 is a l s o c o nnec ted
to th e ter mina l A3 . Th e s ig na l a t ter mina l AL is a mp l i
?ed to p r o du c e th e s ig na l a t ter mina l A1 1 . Th er ef o r e th e
s ig na l o f AL is a l o wer a mp l itu de s ig na l a nd th e s ig na l a t
ter mina l AH is a h ig h er a mp l itu de s ig na l . Th e s ig na l a t
A H is 2 5 6 times th e a mp l itu de o f th e s ig na l AL a l th o u g h
b o th s ig na l s c o nv ey es s entia l l y th e s a me inf o r ma tio n.
AH r ep r es ents th e h ig h l ev el A c h a nnel s ig na l a nd AL
r ep r es ents th e l o w l ev el A c h a nnel s ig na l .
Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 7 8 is p r o v ided to th e no nin
v er ting inp u t o f a n o p er a tio na l a mp l i?er 2 0 8 . Th e p a r a l
l el c o mb ina tio n o f a p o tentio meter 2 1 0 a nd a c a p a c ito r
2 1 2 h a s a ?r s t ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e inv er ting inp u t
o f a mp l i?er 2 0 8 . A r es is to r 2 1 4 is c o nnec ted b etween
th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 0 8 a nd th e r ef er enc e
v o l ta g e VR. A r es is to r 2 1 5 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 0 8 a nd th e a na l o g g r o u nd.
Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 0 8 is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a
r es is to r 2 1 6 to a ter mina l l a b el ed B H. Th e s ec o nd ter mi
na l o f th e p a r a l l el c o mb ina tio n o f p o tentio meter 2 1 0 a nd
c a p a c ito r 2 1 2 is a l s o c o nnec ted to th e ter mina l By .
Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 1 7 0 is f u r th er tr a ns mitted to a
ter mina l l a b el ed B L. As with c h a nnel A no ted a b o v e th e
s ig na l a t th e BH ter mina l is 2 5 6 times g r ea ter in a mp l i
tu de th a n th e s ig na l a t th e BL ter mina l a l th o u g h b o th
s ig na l s c o nv ey es s entia l l y th e s a me inf o r ma tio n. B1 1 is
th e h ig h l ev el B c h a nnel s ig na l a nd BL is th e l o w l ev el
B c h a nnel s ig na l .
Th e DS 2 s ig na l is c o nnec ted to th e g a te ter mina l o f a
?el d ef f ec t tr a ns is to r 2 3 0 . Th e a na l o g s ig na l DA is p r o
v ided to th e dr a in ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 3 0 . Th e s o u r c e
ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 3 0 is c o nnec ted to th e no ninv er t
ing inp u t o f a n o p er a tio na l a mp l i?er 2 3 6 . A c a p a c ito r
2 3 8 is c o nnec ted b etween th e no ninv er ting inp u t o f
a mp l i?er 2 3 6 a nd th e a na l o g g r o u nd. A r es is to r 2 4 0 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 3 6
a nd r ef er enc e v o l ta g e s u p p l y V R. A r es is to r 2 4 2 is c o n
nec ted b etween th e o u tp u t a nd th e inv er ting inp u t o f
a mp l i?er 2 3 6 .
Th e dis c l o s ed emb o diment f o r th e meta l detec to r .
c ir c u it o f th e p r es ent inv entio n f u r th er inc l u des a n
a u dio o s c il l a to r , a to ne g ener a to r , wh ic h inc l u des a n
o p er a tio na l a mp l i?er 2 4 8 wh ic h h a s a c a p a c ito r 2 5 0
c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 4 8
a nd a na l o g g r o u nd. A r es is to r 2 5 2 is c o nnec ted b etween
th e no ninv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 4 8 a nd th e r ef er
enc e v o l ta g e VR. A r es is to r 2 5 4 is c o nnec ted b etween
th e o u tp u t a nd inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 2 4 8 . A r es is
to r 2 5 6 is c o nnec ted b etween th e o u tp u t a nd th e no nin
v er ting inp u t o f th e a mp l i?er 2 4 8 . An o s c il l a to r y s ig na l
a t a u dio f r eq u enc y is p r o du c ed a t th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i
4 , 7 0 9 , 2 1 3
7
?er 2 4 8 a nd is tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a l ine 2 5 7 to a n LCD
b a c k p l a ne dr iv e s h o wn in F IG. 5 . A dio de 2 5 8 h a s its
c a th o de ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er
2 4 8 . A r es is to r 2 6 0 is c o nnec ted b etween th e o u tp u t o f
a mp l i?er 2 3 6 a nd th e a no de ter mina l o f dio de 2 5 8 . Up o n
detec tio n o f a n o b j ec t in th e ?el d o f th e tr a ns mit a nd
r ec eiv e c o il s 1 2 a nd 5 6 , th e DA a nd D8 2 s ig na l s a r e s et
to a s ta te to p er mit th e o s c il l a to r y s ig na l f r o m a mp l i?er
2 4 8 to b e p r o p a g a ted th r o u g h dio de 2 5 8 a nd a c a p a c ito r
6 6 to th e b a s e ter mina l o f a PNP tr a ns is to r 2 6 8 . A r es is
to r 2 7 0 is c o nnec ted b etween th e p o wer s u p p l y ter mina l
V5 a t a no de 2 7 2 a nd th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 6 8 .
A r es is to r 2 7 4 is c o nnec ted b etween th e p o wer s u p p l y
ter mina l V5 a t no de 2 7 2 a nd th e emitter ter mina l o f
tr a ns is to r 2 6 8 . A r es is to r 2 7 6 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
a u dio g r o u nd a nd th e c o l l ec to r ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r
2 6 8 .
A r es is to r 2 7 8 is c o nnec ted b etween th e c o l l ec to r
ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 6 8 a nd th e b a s e ter mina l o f a n
NPN tr a ns is to r 2 8 0 . Th e tr a ns is to r 2 8 0 h a s its c o l l ec to r
ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e p o wer s u p p l y ter mina l V5
a nd its emitter ter mina l c o nnec ted to a c enter p o l e o f a
s witc h 2 8 2 . A ?r s t ter mina l o f th e s witc h 2 8 2 is c o n
nec ted to a s p ea k er 2 8 4 wh ic h h a s a s ec o nd ter mina l
c o nnec ted to th e c ir c u it a u dio g r o u nd. A s ec o nd ter mi
na l o f th e s witc h 2 8 2 is c o nnec ted th r o u g h a r es is to r 2 8 6
to th e c ir c u it a u dio g r o u nd. Th e s witc h 2 8 2 inc l u des a
s o c k et f o r r ec eiv ing a n ea r p h o ne p l u g to p r o v ide th e
. a u dio o u tp u t to th e ea r p h o ne wh il e inter r u p ting th e
s ig na l p r o v ided to th e s p ea k er 2 8 4 .
Th e tr a ns is to r s 2 6 8 a nd 2 8 0 c o mp r is e th e o u tp u t c ir
c u it dr iv er tr a ns is to r s f o r th e meta l detec to r c ir c u it.
Po wer s u p p l y c ir c u its f o r th e meta l detec to r c ir c u it
o f th e p r es ent inv entio n a r e s h o wn in F IGS . 2 A, 2 B a nd
2 C. Th e c ir c u it f o r p r o du c ing th e v o l ta g e s u p p l ies VA
a nd VR is s h o wn in F IG. 2 A a nd is des ig na ted g ener a l l y
' b y th e r ef er enc e nu mer a l 2 9 2 . An NPN tr a ns is to r 2 9 4
h a s its c o l l ec to r c o nnec ted to a v o l ta g e s u p p l y VL a nd
' its emitter c o nnec ted to a ter mina l B1 . A r es is to r 2 9 5 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e b a s e o f tr a ns is to r 2 9 4 a nd th e
~ a na l o g g r o u nd. A r es is to r 2 9 6 h a s a ?r s t ter mina l c o n
nec ted to th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 9 4 . Po wer
s u p p l y c ir c u it 2 9 2 inc l u des b a tter ies 3 0 1 a nd 3 0 2 wh ic h
a r e c o nnec ted in s er ies b etween th e a na l o g g r o u nd a nd
th e s witc h a r m o f a s witc h 3 0 3 . Th e s ec o nd ter mina l o f
s witc h 3 0 3 is c o nnec ted to th e inp u t o f a v o l ta g e r eg u l a
to r c ir c u it 3 0 4 . Th is inp u t is a l s o c o nnec ted to th e s ec
o nd ter mina l o f r es is to r 2 9 6 . Th e c ir c u it 2 9 2 inc l u des
r es is to r s 3 0 5 a nd 3 0 6 wh ic h a r e c o nnec ted s er ia l l y b e
tween th e o u tp u t o f v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r 3 0 4 a nd th e a na
l o g g r o u nd. A s ens e ter mina l o f r eg u l a to r 3 0 4 is c o n
nec ted to th e j u nc tio n o f r es is to r s 3 0 5 a nd 3 0 6 . A ?l ter
c a p a c ito r 3 0 7 is c o nnec ted b etween th e p o wer s u p p l y
ter mina l VA, wh ic h is th e o u tp u t o f th e v o l ta g e r eg u l a
to r 3 0 4 , a nd th e c ir c u it a na l o g g r o u nd. Th e inp u t o f a
s ec o nd v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r 3 0 8 is c o nnec ted to th e p o wer
ter mina l VA. A p o tentio meter 3 0 9 is c o nnec ted b e
tween th e a na l o g g r o u nd a nd th e o u tp u t o f v o l ta g e
r eg u l a to r 3 0 8 . Th e o u tp u t o f th e v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r 3 0 8 is
a s ta b l e r ef er enc e v o l ta g e des ig na ted VR.
Ref er r ing no w to F IG. 2 B th er e is s h o wn a c ir c u it 3 1 0
f o r p r o du c ing th e s u p p l y v o l ta g e VR. A b a tter y 3 1 1 is
c o nnec ted b etween l o g ic g r o u nd a nd th e s witc h a r m o f a
s witc h 3 1 2 . Th e r ema ining ter mina l o f s witc h 3 1 2 is
c o nnec ted to th e inp u t o f a v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r c u r c u it 3 1 3 .
Th e c ir c u it inc l u des r es is to r s 3 1 4 a nd 3 1 5 wh ic h a r e c o n
nec ted s er ia l l y b etween th e o u tp u t o f v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r
3 1 3 a nd dig ita l g r o u nd. A ?l ter c a p a c ito r 3 1 6 is c o n
5
2 5
3 5
4 5
6 0
6 5
8
nec ted b etween th e p o wer ter mina l V[ _ , wh ic h is th e
o u tp u t o f th e v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r 3 1 3 a nd th e c ir c u it dig i
ta l g r o u nd. A s ens e ter mina l f r o m r eg u l a to r 3 1 3 is c o n
nec ted to th e j u nc tio n o f r es is to r s 3 1 4 a nd 3 1 5 .
An NPN tr a ns is to r 2 9 7 h a s its c o l l ec to r ter mina l
c o nnec ted to th e VL s u p p l y a nd its emitter c o nnec ted to
a ter mina l B2 . A r es is to r 2 9 8 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 2 9 4 a nd th e dig ita l g r o u nd. A
r es is to r 2 9 9 is c o nnec ted b etween th e b a s e ter mina l o f
tr a ns is to r 2 9 7 a nd th e IN ter mina l o f v o l ta g e r eg u l a to r
3 1 0 .
Ref er r ing to F IG. 2 C, a p o wer s u p p l y c ir c u it 3 1 7
p r o du c es th e s u p p l y v o l ta g e V5 . A b a tter y 3 1 8 h a s its
neg a tiv e ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e c ir c u it a na l o g
g r o u nd a nd its p o s itiv e ter mina l c o nnec ted to th e s witc h
a r m o f a s witc h 3 1 9 . A c a p a c ito r 3 2 0 is c o nnec ted b e
tween th e s ta tic ter mina l o f s witc h 3 1 9 , wh ic h is a l s o th e
s o u nd o r a u dio p o wer s u p p l y V5 , a nd th e a u dio g r o u nd.
An NPN tr a ns is to r 3 2 1 h a s its c o l l ec to r ter mina l c o n
nec ted to th e VL s u p p l y a nd its emitter ter mina l c o n
nec ted to a ter mina l B3 . A r es is to r 3 2 2 is c o nnec ted
b etween th e b a s e ter mina l o f tr a ns is to r 3 2 1 a nd th e
a u dio g r o u nd. A r es is to r 3 2 3 is c o nnec ted b etween th e
V5 p o wer ter mina l a nd th e b a s e o f tr a ns is to r 3 2 1 .
Th e a na l o g inp u t/o u tp u t c ir c u itr y f o r th e meta l de
tec to r o f th e p r es ent inv entio n is s h o wn in F IG. 3 . Th e
h ig h a nd l o w l ev el s ig na l s f o r th e A a nd B c h a nnel s a r e
inp u t to a n a na l o g - to - dig ita l c o nv er ter 3 2 4 . Th e b a tter y
mo nito r ter mina l s B1 , B2 a nd B3 a r e a l s o inp u t to c o n
v er ter 3 2 4 . Th er e a r e eig h t s el ec ta b l e inp u ts to th e c o n
v er ter 3 2 4 . In th e p r es ent emb o diment s ev en o f th es e
inp u ts a r e u til iz ed.
Addr es s s ig na l s A0 , A1 a nd A2 a r e p r o v ided to th e
c o nv er ter 3 2 4 to s el ec t wh ic h o f th e inp u t l ines is to b e
s a mp l ed. W h en a n inp u t a na l o g s ig na l is s a mp l ed, a n
eig h t- b it dig ita l wo r d is p r o du c ed a t th e o u tp u t ter mi
na l s o f c o nv er ter 3 2 4 a nd th is wo r d is tr a ns mitted
th r o u g h a n eig h t- b it wide da ta b u s 3 2 6 . Th e da ta b its
tr a ns mitted th r o u g h b u s 3 2 6 a r e l a b el ed DBO th r o u g h
DB7 .
A c o u nter 3 4 6 u s es timing a nd c h ip ena b l e inf o r ma
tio n to s eq u entia l l y l o a d th e c o r r ec t a ddr es s a nd s ta r t
th e c o nv er s io n c y c l e o f th e a na l o g - to - dig ita l c o nv er ter
3 2 4 .
Th e da ta b u s 3 2 6 is f u r th er c o nnec ted to th e inp u ts o f
l a tc h es 3 5 4 a nd 3 5 6 ea c h o f wh ic h c a n s to r e a n eig h t- b it
wo r d o f b ina r y da ta . Th e eig h t da ta o u tp u ts o f l a tc h 3 5 4
a r e tr a ns mitted th r o u g h a b u s 3 5 8 to eig h t o f th e inp u t
ter mina l s o f a dig ita l - to - a na l o g c o nv er ter 3 6 0 . F o u r o f
th e o u tp u ts f r o m th e l a tc h 3 5 6 a r e tr a ns mitted th r o u g h
a b u s 3 6 2 to th e r ema ining f o u r inp u ts o f th e dig ita l - to
a na l o g c o nv er ter 3 6 0 to p r o v ide twel v e- b it r es o l u tio n.
Th e c o nv er ter 3 6 0 r ec eiv es a twel v e- b it inp u t a nd g en
er a tes a c o r r es p o nding a na l o g o u tp u t a t l ine 3 6 4 . Ana
l o g o u tp u t l ine 3 6 6 is c o nnec ted to a na l o g g r o u nd wh il e
a na l o g inp u t l ine 3 7 0 is c o nnec ted to r ef er enc e v o l ta g e
VR. A ?x ed g a ined dif f er entia l a mp l i?er 3 6 8 h a s th e
o u tp u t l ine 3 6 4 c o nnec ted to its no ninv er ting inp u t. A
r es is to r 3 7 2 is c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f
a mp l i?er 3 6 8 a nd th e a na l o g g r o u nd. A r es is to r 3 7 3 is
c o nnec ted b etween th e inv er ting inp u t o f a mp l i?er 3 6 8
a nd th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er 3 6 8 . Th e o u tp u t o f a mp l i?er
3 6 8 is th e a na l o g s ig na l no ted a s DA a b o v e. Th e p o wer
ter mina l s f o r a mp l i?er 3 6 8 a r e th e s u p p l y VA a nd a na l o g
g r o u nd.
Onl y f o u r o f th e o u tp u ts f r o m th e l a tc h 3 5 6 a r e p r o
v ided to th e c o nv er ter 3 6 0 . Th r ee o f th e r ema ining
o u tp u ts p r o v ide th e des tina tio n s el ec t s ig na l s D8 0 , D5 1