John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 310

CHAPTER 23 THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

Exercise 140, Page 393

1. The synchronous speed of a 3-phase, 4-pole induction motor is 60 rev/s. Determine the
frequency of the supply to the stator windings.

Synchronous speed,
s
f
n
p
= from which, frequency, f =
s
n p =
( )
4
60
2
! "
# $
% &
= 120 Hz


2. The synchronous speed of a 3-phase induction motor is 25 rev/s and the frequency of the supply
to the stator is 50 Hz. Calculate the equivalent number of pairs of poles of the motor.

s
f
n
p
= hence, number of pairs of poles, p =
s
f 50
n 25
= = 2


3. A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor is connected to a 300 Hz supply. Determine the speed of
rotation of the magnetic field produced by the stator.

Speed of rotation,
s
f 300
n
6
p
2
= = = 100 rev/s









John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 311

Exercise 141, Page 395

1. A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor runs at 970 rev/min at a certain load. If the stator is connected
to a 50 Hz supply, find the percentage slip at this load.

Synchronous speed,
s
f 50 50
n
6
p 3
2
= = = = 16.667 rev/s
Rotor speed,
r
970
n
60
= = 16.167 rev/s

Hence, slip, s =
s r
s
n n 16.667 16.167
100% 100%
n 16.667
! " # # ! "
$ = $
% & % &
' (
' (
= 3%


2. A 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor has 8 poles. If the full load slip is 2.5%, determine (a) the
synchronous speed, (b) the rotor speed, and (c) the frequency of the rotor e.m.f.s.

(a) Synchronous speed,
s
f 50
n
8
p
2
= = = 12.5 rev/s or 12.5 ! 60 = 750 rev/min

(b) Slip, s =
s r r
s
n n 12.5 n
100% i.e. 2.5 100%
n 12.5
! " # # ! "
$ = $
% & % &
' (
' (


i.e.
( )( )
r
2.5 12.5
12.5 n
100
= !

and rotor speed,
( )( )
r
2.5 12.5
n 12.5
100
= ! = 12.5 0.3125

= 12.1875 rev/s or 12.1875 ! 60 = 731 rev/min


(c) Since the synchronous speed is 12.5 rev/s and that of the rotor is 12.1876 rev/s, the rotating

magnetic field cuts the rotor bars at (12.5 12.1875), i.e. 0.3125 rev/s.

Thus, the frequency of e.m.f.s induced, f =
s
8
n p 0.3125
2
! = ! = 1.25 Hz



John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 312


3. A three-phase induction motor is supplied from a 60 Hz supply and runs at 1710 rev/min when
the slip is 5%. Determine the synchronous speed.

Slip, s =
s r
s
n n
n
!
and the rotor speed,
r
1710
n
60
= = 28.5 rev/s

Hence,
s
s
n 28.5 5
100 n
!
=

and 0.05
s
n =
s
n - 28.5

i.e. 28.5 =
s
n - 0.05
s
n = 0.95
s
n

from which, synchronous speed,
s
n =
28.5
0.95
= 30 rev/s or 30 ! 60 = 1800 rev/min


4. A 4-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor runs at 1440 rev/min at full load. Calculate (a) the
synchronous speed, (b) the slip and (c) the frequency of the rotor induced e.m.f.s.

(a) Synchronous speed,
s
f 50
n
4
p
2
= = = 25 rev/s or 25 ! 60 = 1500 rev/min
(b) Slip, s =
s r
s
n n
100%
n
! " #
$
% &
' (
where
r
1440
n
60
= = 24 rev/s
i.e. slip, s =
25 24 100
100%
25 25
! " #
$ =
% &
' (
= 4%
(c) n =
f
p
or frequency of the rotor induced e.m.f.s, f = n ! p = (25 24)
4
2
! "
# $
% &
= 2 Hz





John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 313

Exercise 142, Page 396

1. A 12-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor runs at 475 rev/min. Calculate (a) the slip speed,
(b) the percentage slip and (c) the frequency of the rotor currents.

(a) Synchronous speed,
s
f 50 50
n
12
p 6
2
= = = = 8.3333 rev/s
Rotor speed,
r
475
n
60
= = 7.9167 rev/s

Hence, slip speed =
s r
n n ! = 8.3333 7.9167 = 0.4166 rev/s = 0.4166 ! 60 = 25 rev/min

(b) Slip, s =
s r
s
n n 8.3333 7.9167
100% 100%
n 8.3333
! " # # ! "
$ = $
% & % &
' (
' (
= 5%

(c) Frequency of the rotor currents,
r
f sf 0.05 50 = = ! = 2.5 Hz


2. The frequency of the supply to the stator of a 6-pole induction motor is 50 Hz and the rotor
frequency is 2 Hz. Determine (a) the slip, and (b) the rotor speed in rev/min.

(a) Rotor frequency,
r
f sf = i.e. 2 = s(50)
from which, slip, s =
2
50
= 0.04 or 4%
(b) Slip, s =
s r
s
n n
n
! " #
$ %
& '
where
s
f 50 50
n
6
p 3
2
= = =
from which,
s s r
s n n n = !
and rotor speed,
( )
r s s s
50
n n s n n (1 s) 1 0.04
3
= ! = ! = !
= 16 rev/s or 16 ! 60 = 960 rev/min


John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 314

Exercise 143, Page 398

1. The power supplied to a three-phase induction motor is 50 kW and the stator losses are 2 kW. If
the slip is 4%, determine (a) the rotor copper loss, (b) the mechanical power developed by the
rotor, (c) the output power of the motor if friction and windage losses are 1 kW, and (d) the
efficiency of the motor, neglecting rotor iron losses.

(a) Input power to rotor = stator input power stator losses

= 50 kW 2 kW = 48 kW

Slip =
rotor copper loss
rotor input
i.e.
4 rotor copper loss
100 48
=

from which, rotor copper loss = (0.04)(48) = 1.92 kW

(b) Total mechanical power developed by the rotor = rotor input power rotor losses
= 48 1.92 = 46.08 kW
(c) Output power of the motor = power developed by the rotor friction and windage losses
= 46.08 1 = 45.08 kW
(d) Efficiency,
output power 45.08
100% 100%
input power 50
! "
! "
#= $ = $
% & % &
' (
' (
= 90.16%

2. By using external rotor resistance, the speed of the induction motor in problem 1 is reduced to
40% of its synchronous speed. If the torque and stator losses are unchanged, calculate (a) the
rotor copper loss, and (b) the efficiency of the motor.

(a) Slip, s =
s r s s s
s s s
n n n 0.4n 0.6n
100% 100% 100%
n n n
! " ! " # #
$ = $ = $
% & % &
' ( ' (
= 60%

Input power to rotor = 48 kW

Since slip, s =
rotor copper loss
rotor input
then rotor copper loss = s (rotor input)
= 0.60(48) = 28.80 kW
John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 315


(b) Power developed by rotor = input power to rotor rotor copper loss
= 48 28.80 = 19.20 kW
Output power of motor = power developed by rotor friction and windage losses
= 19.20 1 = 18.20 kW
Hence, efficiency of motor,
output power 18.20
100% 100%
input power 50
! "
! "
#= $ = $
% & % &
' (
' (

= 36.40%


































John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 316

Exercise 144, Page 400

1. A 400 V, three-phase, 50 Hz, 2-pole, star-connected induction motor runs at 48.5 rev/s on full
load. The rotor resistance and reactance per phase are 0.4 " and 4.0 " respectively, and the
effective rotor-stator turns ration is 0.8:1. Calculate (a) the synchronous speed, (b) the slip, (c) the
full load torque, (d) the power output if mechanical losses amount to 500 W, (e) the maximum
torque, (f) the speed at which maximum torque occurs, and (g) the starting torque.

(a) Synchronous speed,
s
f 50
n
2
p
2
= = = 50 rev/s or 3000 rev/min
(b) Slip, s =
s r
s
n n 50 48.5 1.5
n 50 50
! " # # ! "
= =
$ % $ %
& '
& '
= 0.03 or 3%
(c) Phase voltage,
1
400
E
3
= = 230.94 V
Full load torque, T =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
1 1 2
2 2 2
2
s
2 2
N
m
N s E R 3(0.8) 0.03(230.94) (0.4)
2 n 2 (50)
R s X 0.4 0.03 4.0
! "
# $
% &
' (
! " ! "
! "
% & ) *
= % & % &
% &
% &
+ +
+ + ,
% & % & - .
- . - .
% &
% &
- .

= (0.00611155)
639.9994
0.1744
! "
# $
% &
= 22.43 N m
(d) Output power, including friction losses,
m r
P 2 n T 2 (48.5)(22.43) = ! = ! = 6835 W
Hence, output power =
m
P - mechanical losses = 6835 500 = 6335 W or 6.34 kW
(e) Maximum torque occurs when
2 r
R X 0.4 = = !
Slip, s =
2
2
R 0.4
X 4.0
= = 0.1
Hence, maximum torque,

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1 2
m 2 2 2
2
2 2
0.01 230.94 0.4
s E R
T 0.00611155 (0.00611155)
0.4 0.4
R sX
! " ! "
= = # $ # $
# $ # $
+
+
% & % &

= (0.00611155)
2133.3331
0.32
! "
# $
% &
= 40.74 N m
John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 317

(f) For maximum torque, slip, s = 0.1
Slip, s =
s r r
s
n n 50 n
i.e. 0.1
n 50
! " # # ! "
=
$ % $ %
& '
& '


i.e.
r
(0.1)(50) 50 n = ! and
r
n 50 (0.1)(50) = !

i.e. speed at which maximum torque occurs,
r
n 50 5 = ! = 45 rev/s or 2700 rev/min

(g) At the start, i.e. at standstill, slip, s = 1
Hence, starting torque =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
1 1 2
2 2 2
2
s
2 2
N
m
N E R (230.94) (0.4)
0.00611155
2 n
R X 0.4 4.0
! "
# $
% &
' (
! " ! "
% & ) *
= % & % &
% &
+
+ +
% & % &
, - , -
% &
% &
, -

= (0.00611155)
21333.31344
16.16
! "
# $
% &

= 8.07 N m

2. For the induction motor in Problem 1, calculate at full load (a) the rotor current, (b) the rotor
copper loss, and (c) the starting current.

(a) Rotor current,
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
1
1
r
2 2 2
2
2 2
N
s E
0.03 0.8 230.94 N
5.54256
I
0.4176123
R sX 0.4 0.03 4.0
! "
# $
% &
= = =
' ( ' (
+ + )
* + * +
= 13.27 A
(b) Rotor copper loss per phase =
( ) ( )
2
2
r 2
I R 13.27 0.4 = = 70.44 W
Total rotor copper loss (for 3 phases) = 3 ! 70.44 = 211.3 W
(c) Starting current,
( )( )
2
1
1
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
N
E
0.8 230.94 N
I
R X 0.4 4.0
! "
# $
% &
= =
' ( ' ( + +
) * ) *
= 45.96 A



John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 318


3. If the stator losses for the induction motor in Problem 1 are 525 W, calculate at full load (a) the
power input, (b) the efficiency of the motor and (c) the current taken from the supply if the motor
runs at a power factor of 0.84

(a) Output power,
m
P = 6835 W = 6.835 kW from (d) of problem 1
Rotor copper loss = 211.3 W = 0.2113 kW from (b) of problem 2
Stator input power,
1 m
P P rotor copper loss rotor stator loss = + +
= 6.833 + 0.2113 + 0.525 = 7.57 kW
(b) Net power output = 6.34 kW from (d) of problem 1
Hence, efficiency of motor,
output power 6.34
100% 100%
input power 7.57
! = " = " = 83.75%
(c) Power input,
1 L L
P 3V I cos = ! where cos # = power factor = 0.84
Hence, supply current,
( )( )
1
L
L
P 7.57 1000
I
3 V cos 3 400 0.84
!
= =
"
= 13.0 A

4. For the induction motor in Problem 1, determine the resistance of the rotor winding required for
maximum starting torque.

Rotor reactance,
r 2
X s X = and at starting, slip, s = 1
Maximum torque occurs when rotor resistance,
2 r 2 2
R X s X X = = = = 4.0 "