This standard covers hollow and solid concrete Masonry Units made from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Local suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.
This standard covers hollow and solid concrete Masonry Units made from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Local suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.
This standard covers hollow and solid concrete Masonry Units made from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Local suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.
Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation C 90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope * 1.1 This specication covers hollow and solid (see 6.4 and 6.5) concrete masonry units made from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. There are three classes of concrete masonry units: (1) normal weight, (2) medium weight, and (3) lightweight. There are two types of concrete masonry units: (1) Type I, moisture-controlled, and (2) Type II, nonmoisture-controlled. These units are suitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbear- ing applications. 1.2 Concrete masonry units covered by this specication are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and gures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. NOTE 1When particular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, nish, color, or particular properties such as weight classication, higher compressive strength, re resistance, thermal performance or acoustical performance, these features should be specied separately by the purchaser. Local suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 33 Specication for Concrete Aggregates 2 C 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units 3 C 150 Specication for Portland Cement 4 C 331 Specication for Lightweight Aggregates for Con- crete Masonry Units 2 C 426 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Ma- sonry Units 3 C 595 Specication for Blended Hydraulic Cements 4 C 618 Specication for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete 2 C 989 Specication for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars 2 C 1157 Performance Specication for Blended Hydraulic Cement 4 C 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re- lated Units 3 C 1232 Terminology of Masonry 3 C 1314 Test Method for Constructing and Testing Masonry Prisms Used to Determine Compliance with Specied Compressive Strength of Masonry 3 E 519 Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Ma- sonry Assemblages 3 E 72 Methods for Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction 5 3. Terminology 3.1 Terminology dened in Terminology C 1209 and Ter- minology C 1232 shall apply for this specication. 4. Classication 4.1 TypesTwo types of concrete masonry units are cov- ered as follows: 4.1.1 Type I, Moisture-Controlled UnitsUnits designated as Type I shall conform to the requirements of this specica- tion. 4.1.2 Type II, Nonmoisture-Controlled UnitsUnits desig- nated as Type II shall conform to the requirements of this specication, except the requirements of Table 1. 5. Materials 5.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specications: 5.1.1 Portland Cement Specication C 150. 5.1.2 Modied Portland CementPortland cement con- forming to Specication C 150, modied as follows: 5.1.2.1 LimestoneCalcium carbonate, with a minimum 85 % CaCO3 content, is permitted to be added to the cement, 1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units. Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1999. Published October 1999. Originally published as C 90 31T. Last previous edition C 90 99. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. provided these requirements of Specication C 150 as modi- ed are met: (1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %. (2) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max. (3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %. 5.1.3 Blended Cements Specication C 595 or Perfor- mance Specication C 1157. 5.1.4 PozzolansSpecication C 618. 5.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecication C 989. 5.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarily apply: 5.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecication C 33. 5.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecication C 331. 5.3 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, nely ground silica, and other constituents shall be previously established as suitable for use in concrete masonry units and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry units or any material customarily used in masonry construction. 6. Physical Requirements 6.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, all units shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3. NOTE 2Higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 3 may be specied where required by design. Consult with local suppliers to determine availability of units of higher compressive strength. 6.2 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, Type I units shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. 6.3 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the linear shrinkage of Type I and Type II units shall not exceed 0.065 %. NOTE 3The purchaser is the public body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agree- ment to purchase or install, or both, concrete masonry units. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agent transports the concrete masonry units, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent transports the concrete masonry units. 6.4 Hollow Units: 6.4.1 Face shell thickness (t fs ) and web thickness (t w ) shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2. NOTE 4Web thickness (t w ) not conforming to the requirements prescribed in Table 2 may be approved, provided equivalent structural capability has been established when tested in accordance with the applicable provisions of Test Methods E 72, C 1314, E 519, or other applicable tests and the appropriate design criteria developed is in accordance with applicable building codes. 6.5 Solid Units: 6.5.1 The net cross-sectional area of solid units in every plane parallel to the bearing surface shall be not less than 75 % of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. 6.6 End Flanges: 6.6.1 For units having end anges, the thickness of each ange shall not be less than the minimum face shell thickness. NOTE 5Flanges beveled at the ends for mortarless head joint appli- cations that will be lled with grout are exempt from this requirement. Flanges which are specially shaped for mortarless head joint applications which have been shown by testing or eld experience to provide equivalent performance are exempt from this requirement. 7. Permissible Variations in Dimensions 7.1 Standard Units For standard units, no overall dimen- sion (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 6 1 8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specied dimensions. 7.2 Particular Feature UnitsFor particular feature units, dimensions shall be in accordance with the following: 7.2.1 For molded face units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 6 1 8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specied standard dimension. Dimensions of molded features shall be within 6 1 16 in. (1.6 mm) of the specied standard dimensions and shall be within 6 1 16 in. (1.6 mm) of the specied placement of the molded feature. NOTE 6Molded features include, but are not limited to: ribs, scores, hex-shapes, and patterns. 7.2.2 For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensions shall differ by not more than 6 1 8 in. (3.2 mm) from the TABLE 1 Moisture Content Requirements for Type I Units Total Linear Drying Shrinkage, % Moisture Content, max, % of Total Absorption (Average of 3 Units) Humidity A Conditions at Job Site or Point of Use Humid B Intermediate C Arid D Less than 0.03 45 40 35 0.03 to less than 0.045 40 35 30 0.045 to 0.065, max 35 30 25 A See Appendix X1 (Fig. X1.1) for map of mean annual relative humidity. B Mean annual relative humidity above 75 %. C Mean annual relative humidity 50 to 75 %. D Mean annual relative humidity less than 50 %. TABLE 2 Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and Webs Nominal Width (W) of Units, in. (mm) Face Shell Thickness (t fs ), min, in. (mm) A Web Thickness (t w ) Webs B min, in. (mm) Equivalent Web Thickness, min, in./linear ft B,C (mm/linear m) 3 (76.2) and 4 (102) 3 4 (19) 3 4 (19) 1 5 8 (136) 6 (152) 1 (25) D 1 (25) 2 1 4 (188) 8 (203) 1 1 4 (32) D 1 (25) 2 1 4 (188) 10 (254) 1 3 8 (35) D 1 1 8 (29) 2 1 2 (209) 1 1 4 (32) D,E 12 (305) and greater 1 1 2(38) 1 1 8 (29) 2 1 2 (209) 1 1 4 (32) D,E A Average of measurements on 3 units taken at the thinnest point when measured as described in Test Methods C 140. When this standard is used for split face units, a maximum of 10 % of a split face shell area is permitted to have thickness less than those shown, but not less than 3 4in. (19.1 mm). When the units are solid grouted the 10 % limit does not apply. B Average of measurements on 3 units taken at the thinnest point when measured as described in Test Methods C 140. The minimum web thickness for units with webs closer than 1 in. (25.4 mm) apart shall be 3 4 in. (19.1 mm). C Sum of the measured thicknesses of all webs in the unit, multiplied by 12 and divided by the length of the unit. Equivalent web thickness does not apply to the portion of the unit to be lled with grout. The length of that portion shall be deducted from the overall length of the unit for the calculation of the equivalent web thickness. D For solid grouted masonry construction, minimum face shell thickness shall be not less than 5 8 in. (16 mm). E This face shell thickness (t fs ) is applicable where allowable design load is reduced in proportion to the reduction in thickness from basic face shell thick- nesses shown, except that allowable design loads on solid grouted units shall not be reduced. C 90 2 specied standard dimensions. On faces that are split, overall dimension will vary. Consult with local suppliers to determine achievable dimensional tolerances. 7.2.3 For slump units, no overall height dimension shall differ by more than 6 1 8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specied standard dimension. On faces that are slumped, overall dimen- sions will vary. Consult with local suppliers to determine achievable dimensional tolerances. 8. Finish and Appearance 8.1 All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit or signicantly impair the strength or permanence of the construc- tion. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufac- ture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejec- tion. 8.2 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips or cracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) under diffused lighting. 8.2.1 Five percent of a shipment containing chips not larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any dimension, or cracks not wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and not longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit is permitted. 8.3 The color and texture of units shall be specied by the purchaser. The nished surfaces that will be exposed in place shall conform to an approved sample consisting of not less than four units, representing the range of texture and color permit- ted. 9. Sampling and Testing 9.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the place of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery. 9.2 Sample and test units in accordance with Test Methods C 140. 9.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests of concrete masonry units made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method, con- ducted in accordance with Test Method C 426 and not more than 24 months prior to delivery. 10. Compliance 10.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specied require- ments, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove units from the shipment. A new sample shall be selected by the purchaser from remaining units from the shipment with a similar conguration and dimension and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specied requirements, the remaining portion of the shipment repre- sented by the sample meets the specied requirements. If the second sample fails to meet the specied requirements, the remaining portion of the shipment represented by the sample fails to meet the specied requirements. NOTE 7Unless otherwise specied in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show that the units do not conform to the requirements of this specication, the cost is typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the units conform to the specication requirements, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser. 11. Keywords 11.1 absorption; climatic map; concrete masonry units; equivalent web thickness; face shell; ange; lightweight; linear shrinkage; loadbearing; medium weight; moisture-controlled; normal weight; webs TABLE 3 Strength and Absorption Requirements Compressive Strength, A min, psi (MPa) Water Absorption, max, lb/ft 3 (kg/m 3 ) (Average of 3 Units) Average Net Area Weight ClassicationOven-Dry Weight of Concrete, lb/ft 3 (kg/m 3 ) Average of 3 Units Individual Unit Lightweight, less than 105 (1680) Medium Weight, 105 to less than 125 (16802000) Normal Weight, 125 (2000) or more 1900 (13.1) 1700 (11.7) 18 (288) 15 (240) 13 (208) C 90 3 APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1. CLIMATIC MAP X2. WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE X2.1 Exterior walls are often subjected to moisture pen- etration from one or more sources. For example, basement walls may be exposed to water from saturated soil. Above- grade exterior walls are usually exposed to wind-driven rain. To prevent water penetration, proper detailing, construction, ashing, and drainage should be provided. Proper water penetration resistant treatments should be applied to the walls. While it is not within the scope of Specication C 90 to include information on resistance to water penetration, such informa- tion and guidelines are available from other organizations. NOTE 1Based on 1:30 AM and PM and 7:30 AM and PM Eastern Standard Time, observations for 20 years or more through 1964. FIG. X1.1 Selected Climatic Maps of the United States C 90 4 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee C-15 has identied the location of selected changes to this standard since the C 90-99 edition that may impact the use of this standard. (1) The notations for face shell and web thickness were changed from FST and WT to t fs and t w , respectively. The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (http://www.astm.org). C 90 5