Refrigeration Test Rig

Name: Joel Arakkal
Roll No. 37
Date: 23/08/2014
Academic Year: 2014 - 2015
REFRIGERATION TEST RIG

AIM:
1. To evaluate the cooling capacity in Watts & in Tons of the system.
2. To evaluate actual and theoretical C.O.P. of Vapour Compression Cycle.
3. To plot the actual Refrigeration Cycle on p-h chart.
4. To study various components and controls used in Vapour Compression Cycle.
DESCRIPTION:
Test Rig enables students to study and understand Vapour Compression Cycle, its
components, principle and working. All the components are mounted on rigid steel
frame. The trainer consists of a hermetically sealed compressor; forced convection aircooled condenser, filter/drier, flow meter, expansion device and shell & coil type
evaporator. Separate pressure gauges are provided to record suction and discharge
pressures and digital temperature indicators for various temperatures.
The refrigerant used is R-134a, which is environment friendly.
The calorimeter consists of an insulated stainless steel tank. The evaporator tubes
are made of refrigerated grade annealed copper tubes. This is a direct expansion type
evaporator. The heat absorbed by the refrigerant is balanced by heater input. The heater
is immersion type resistive water heater. The calorimeter temperature can be set by a
digital thermostat. Adequate safety devices such as HP/LP cut-out, heating thermostat,
and overload protection for compressor are incorporated to prevent any malfunctioning
of the system.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
The Refrigeration Test Rig works on vapour compression cycle. The refrigeration
(i.e. process of maintaining a closed space temperature below ambient temperature) is
accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating and condensing a fixed supply of
refrigerant in a closed system. Evaporation occurs at a low temperature and low
pressure while condensation occurs at a high temperature and pressure. Thus it is
possible to transfer heat from an area of low temperature (in this case evaporator) to an
area of high temperature (the surroundings).
The compressor pumps the low-pressure refrigerant from the evaporator through
the accumulator, increases its pressure, and discharges the high-pressure gas to the
condenser. The accumulator prevents liquid refrigerant entering the compressor. In the
condenser, the refrigerant rejects its heat to the surroundings by passing air over it. At
that pressure, the refrigerant loses its latent heat and liquefies. Then the refrigerant
passes through the drier/filter where any residual moisture or foreign particles present,
these are plugged. The flow of refrigerant into the evaporator is controlled by expansion
device where its pressure and consequently temperature is lowered to the saturation
temperature at the corresponding pressure. The low temperature refrigerant enters the
evaporator where it absorbs heat from the surrounding medium and evaporates. The
compressor sucks the cold vapours and the cycle repeats.
The required instrumentation is provided to measure the various parameters at
different points. This includes pressure gauges, temperature indicators and controller,
energy-meters, heater for applying load and flow meter to measure the refrigerant flow.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF REFRIGERATION TEST RIG
CAPACITY
600 WATT AT RATED TEST CONDITIONS.
REFRIGERANT
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSER
R-134 a
HERMETICALLY SEALED
FORCED CONVECTION AIR COOLED
CONDENSER FAN MOTOR

DRIER / FILTER
EXPANSION DEVICE
REFIGERANT
FLOW
INDUCTION TYPE
DRYALL MAKE
CAPILLARY TUBE
ROTAMETER
MEASURMENT
HP/LP CUTOUT
PRESSURE INDICATION
ENERGY METER
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
PROVIDED
PRESSURE GAUGES, 2NOS PROVIDED
L&T MAKE,
AUTOMATIC BY TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
OF THE CALORIMETER
EVAPORATOR
FOR
SHELL AND COIL TYPE, DIRECT EXPANSION
600 WATT AT RATED TEST CONDITIONS.
CAPACITY
TEMPERATURE INDICATION
INSULATION
FOR
WATER
COIL.
DIGITAL LED
PUF
TANK
SUPPLY
230 VOLTS, 50HZ, 1 PHASE, AC.
CONSTRUCTION
MAIN BODY: 18 G CRCA, POWDER COATED.

CALORIMETER: SS 304
PROCEDURE:
Put the machine in the proper position where its level is horizontal and it is well
ventilated. The machine must have at least 1.5 meters clearances from all sides.
Give 230 volts, 50Hz, and 1 phase supply to the unit.
Incoming cable should be adequate size (at least 4 sq. mm) to prevent overheating of
it.
The electrical point should have a MCB of 16 Amps rating.
Ensure proper earthing.
Fill the water tank with clean water.
Start the compressor by putting the switch ON.
Also switch on the heater; it will start automatically at set point.
Control the water flow to heat exchanger around 3 LPM.
Record all the readings as per the observation table.
Calculate the results as per the procedure mentioned. At various points.
PRECAUTIONS:
The plant should not be left with water in the tank when not in use.
Do-not tamper with the temperature as well as the pressure settings.
STANDARD VALUES AND FORMULAE

Standard Barometric Pressure
Density of Water
Specific heat of water
Gas Constant for Air
Specific Gravity of R-134a at 400
=
=
=
=
=
1.013 bar = 1.013 x 105 N /m2

1000 kg / m3 = 1 kg / liter
4.18 kJ/kg K
287 kg / kJ K
1.2
C
1 Ton of Refrigeration effect
3500 Watts = 3.5 kJ / s
=
=
=
1.1 kg/m3
3600 kJ
14.5 psig
Density of Air at 250 C
1 kWHr (kilowatt-hour)
1 bar
CALCULATIONS: For 2nd Reading

ACTUAL
EFFECT
REFRIGERATION
=
=
M Cp dT
0.086x4.18x4
==
1.45 KW
CAPACITY OF THE TEST

RIG
COMPRESSOR WORK W
= 10x3600/(tx3200) t is in
sec
= 0.34 KW
ACTUAL COEFFICIENT OF
PERFORMANCE
== ACTUAL REFRIGERATION
EFFECT/ ACTUAL COMPRESSOR
WORK
== 1.45/0.34 = 4.26
TO EVALUATE THEORETICAL C.O.P.

WE HAVE AVERAGE REFRIGERANT TEMPERATURES AT SALIENT POINTS:
SUCTION GAS TEMPERATURE = 71oC
DISCHARGE GAS TEMPERATURE= 30oC
TEMPERATURE AFTER CONDENSATION= -5oC
TEMPERATURE AFTER EXPANSION= 0oC
AVERAGE SUCTION PRESSURE IN BAR= 1.5 Kg/cm sq
AVERAGE DISCHARGE PRESSURE IN BAR= 9 Kg/cm sq
ABSOLUTE SUCTION PRESSURE = SUCTION GAUGE PRESSURE+ BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE
= 1.5 + 1 = 2.5 bar
ABSOLUTE DISCHARGE PRESSURE= DISCHARGE GAUGE PRESSURE+ BAROMETRIC

PRESSURE
= 9 + 1 = 10 bar
ACCORDINGLY,
ENTHALPIES OF REFRIGERANT AT SALIENT POINTS ARE
H1=ENTHALPY OF REFRIGERANT AT INLET OF COMPRESSOR= 400 KJ/ KG
H2= ENTHALPY OF REFRIGERANT AT OUTLET OF COMPRESSOR= 450 KJ/KG
H3=ENTHAPLY OF REFRIGERANT AFTER CONDENSATION= 242 KJ/KG
H4=ENTHALPY OF REFRIGERANT AFTER EXPANSION = H3= 242 KJ/KG
THERORITICAL REFRIGERATION EFFECT = N= H1-H4= 158 KJ/KG
THERORITICAL COMPRESSOR WORK = W = H2-H1 = 50 KJ/KG
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE = C.O.P= N /W = 3.16
RESULTS
CAPACITY
OF
THE
== 1450
WATTS
SYSTEM
0.413 TONS
ACTUAL C.O.P.
=
= 4.26
THEORETICAL C.O.P.
=
= 3.16
OBSERVATION TABLE:
TIME
Water
REFRIGERANT TEMP.
Flow
(0C)
Water
Temp
Rate
PRESSUR
E
Psig
S
uctio
O n
D
isch
arge
R
EFRI
ergy
GERA
Meter
NT
Readin
FLOW
LPH
10
ut
Sec
Kg/s
After
After
Comp. Cond.
T1 oC
T2
After
After
Expn.
Eva.
C T3
T5
T6
C T4 oC
En
for
Pulses
P1
P2
Vr
sec
27.5
0.036
74
31
-2
14
1.5
33
11.5
0.086
71
30
-5
10
1.5
33
0.1
72
29
-7
-7
-7
8.5
34

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Name: Joel Arakkal

REFRIGERATION TEST RIG

REFRIGERATION TEST RIG

600 WATT AT RATED TEST CONDITIONS.

CONDENSER FAN MOTOR

SHELL AND COIL TYPE, DIRECT EXPANSION

600 WATT AT RATED TEST CONDITIONS.

230 VOLTS, 50HZ, 1 PHASE, AC.

MAIN BODY: 18 G CRCA, POWDER COATED.

STANDARD VALUES AND FORMULAE

1.013 bar = 1.013 x 105 N /m2

3500 Watts = 3.5 kJ / s

Density of Air at 250 C

CALCULATIONS: For 2nd Reading

CAPACITY OF THE TEST

TO EVALUATE THEORETICAL C.O.P.

= 1.5 + 1 = 2.5 bar

ABSOLUTE DISCHARGE PRESSURE= DISCHARGE GAUGE PRESSURE+ BAROMETRIC

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