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    Antisense RNA Technology and Its Applications

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    somu1
    Antisense RNA technology involves using single-stranded RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA to inhibit translation and excess protein production involved in disorders like cancer and infections. It works by binding to target mRNA and blocking protein synthesis. While antisense RNA and RNA interference both inhibit gene expression, they do so through different mechanisms - antisense RNA promotes mRNA degradation by RNase H, while RNAi triggers catalytic gene silencing through small interfering RNAs. Applications of antisense RNA technology include developing longer-lasting tomatoes by silencing genes involved in softening, and developing treatments for viruses, cancers, and genetic disorders.

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    Antisense RNA Technology and Its Applications

    Uploaded by

    somu1
    87 views2 pages
    Antisense RNA technology involves using single-stranded RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA to inhibit translation and excess protein production involved in disorders like cancer and infections. It works by binding to target mRNA and blocking protein synthesis. While antisense RNA and RNA interference both inhibit gene expression, they do so through different mechanisms - antisense RNA promotes mRNA degradation by RNase H, while RNAi triggers catalytic gene silencing through small interfering RNAs. Applications of antisense RNA technology include developing longer-lasting tomatoes by silencing genes involved in softening, and developing treatments for viruses, cancers, and genetic disorders.

    Original Description:

    Antisence

    Original Title

    Antisense

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    Antisense RNA technology involves using single-stranded RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA to inhibit translation and excess protein production involved in disorders like cancer and infections. It works by binding to target mRNA and blocking protein synthesis. While antisense RNA and RNA interference both inhibit gene expression, they do so through different mechanisms - antisense RNA promotes mRNA degradation by RNase H, while RNAi triggers catalytic gene silencing through small interfering RNAs. Applications of antisense RNA technology include developing longer-lasting tomatoes by silencing genes involved in softening, and developing treatments for viruses, cancers, and genetic disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    87 views2 pages

    Antisense RNA Technology and Its Applications

    Uploaded by

    somu1
    Antisense RNA technology involves using single-stranded RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA to inhibit translation and excess protein production involved in disorders like cancer and infections. It works by binding to target mRNA and blocking protein synthesis. While antisense RNA and RNA interference both inhibit gene expression, they do so through different mechanisms - antisense RNA promotes mRNA degradation by RNase H, while RNAi triggers catalytic gene silencing through small interfering RNAs. Applications of antisense RNA technology include developing longer-lasting tomatoes by silencing genes involved in softening, and developing treatments for viruses, cancers, and genetic disorders.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Antisense RNA Technology and its Applications

    There are certain disorders like cancer, parasitic and viral infections,
    which cause excessive production of specific proteins in day to day life. An
    alternative treatment for these disorders is known as Antisense
    Technology. A single stranded RNA that is complementary to messenger
    RNA (mRNA) is referred to as Antisense RNA. The antisense therapy
    includes inhibition of translation by using single stranded
    nucleotide, any DNA or RNA sequences or even synthetic ones.
    From the practical point of view, most of the antisense therapies work
    efficiently and produce best results if used with RNA since RNA specifically
    binds to target mRNA and blocks protein synthesis.

    Antisense technology was also referred as Gene Subtraction, but it is
    proven to be a misnomer as this technology does not remove gene, rather
    it just involves inactivation of the gene. Naturally occurring mRNA
    antisense mechanism is thehok/sok system in E.Coli R1 plasmid.

    The antisense technology is carried out on the basis of the
    principle that the cloned gene is ligated into the vector in reverse
    orientation. Now, as the antisense technology obstructs the mechanism
    of translation it is stoichiometric in nature, and it can prevent synthesis
    of the product of the gene that it directs against. The antisense RNA
    mechanism involves hybridization of the antisense and sense copies of
    RNA. Now, as the ds-RNA molecule is formed, it rapidly degrades by
    ribonucleases and the expression is blocked. Another reason could also be
    the antisense RNA preventing ribosomes to bind to the sense strand. In
    simpler words, if an oligonucleotide is introduced into the cell, it binds to
    specific mRNA which forms an RNA dimer in the cytoplasm and halts the
    translation mechanism; this is because the mRNA no longer has access to
    ribosome and dimeric RNA is rapidly degraded by ribonuclease which in
    turn on introduction of oligonucleotide complementary to mRNA leads to
    blockage of translation by particular gene, turning off the gene.

    RNAi (RNA interference) and Antisense RNA technology though has the
    same effect but their mechanisms are quite different. Firstly, RNAi
    technology involves degradation of mRNA by small interfering RNAs
    triggering catalytic gene silencing; whereas in Antisense RNA technology
    mRNA is degraded by RNase H. Secondly, in comparison to antisense
    RNA, RNAi are twice larger.

    The application of Antisense RNA technology :

    This technology was used in Flavr Savr, for tomato ripening;
    ripening in tomato produces enzyme Polygalactourodase (PG) which
    softens tomatoes and finally rotten them quickly. Two biotechnology
    companies: Calgene, USA and ICI Seeds, UK introduced a gene in
    plant which synthesizes a complementary mRNA to PG gene and
    inhibites the synthesis of PG enzyme delaying over ripening and
    rotting.
    Antisense therapy is considered for treating certain genetic
    disorders and infections. This is also referred to as Gene
    Therapy. It includes: isolation of specific gene; its cloning and
    inserting it into target tissue cells to make desired protein. It has to
    be ensured that the gene is expressed correctly and sufficiently
    without causing harm to patient in context with the immune
    response.
    Antisense RNA technology is also used for cancer therapy. This
    therapy is used for treating brain cancer malignant glioma and
    cancer of prostate gland, in malignant glioma IGF-I was over
    produced and in the prostate cancer IGF-IR was synthesized more.
    These two were used to block the translation. Research is carried on
    in regard with Antisense RNA drugs for treatment of CMV, HIV,
    cancer, etc.
    Antisense antiviral drug named Formivirsen is developed to
    treat CMV, which was licensed by FDA in August 1998. In 2010,
    scientist at NIPGR by using Antisense technology developed tomato
    which could last longer for more than 30 days by silencing two
    genes (alpha - man and beta hex) which causes softening and
    wrinkling in tomatoes during ripening process.
    Looking at the advancements in the Antisense RNA technology, it
    has potentials for development of pharmacological agents, studying
    physiological and pathological processes as well as its use in
    effective treatment as gene therapy.

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