PET/CT Performance Evaluation Techniques and Quality Assurance
PET/CT Performance Evaluation Techniques and Quality Assurance
PET/CT Performance Evaluation Techniques and Quality Assurance
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Counts
Counts Counts
NMSE
ComputeglobalandsliceNMSE
Pixeltopixelcomparison Pixeltopixelcomparison
NMSE Calculation
NMSE: NMSE:
calculatedfromcounts/pixelinblankscansinograms calculatedfromcounts/pixelinblankscansinograms
mustreflectchangesinscannerperformance, mustreflectchangesinscannerperformance,not not changesin changesin
thesource thesource
Therefore,acquireallblankscansforthesametotalcounts Therefore,acquireallblankscansforthesametotalcounts
Example: NMSE and Block Bias
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0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
10-Dec-02 29-J an-03 20-Mar-03 9-May-03 28-J un-03 17-Aug-03
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Global NMSE
Slice NMSE
Block Bias
QAmustbesensitivetomodesoffailureofthescanner QAmustbesensitivetomodesoffailureofthescanner
NMSE:Errorwithrespecttobaselinescan NMSE:Errorwithrespecttobaselinescan
Quantitative Analysis of Blank Scans
Twoadjacentdirectslices( Twoadjacentdirectslices(ie ie adjacentrings,rowsinblock) adjacentrings,rowsinblock)
System Calibration
Purpose: Purpose:Definesrelationshipbetweenthemeasuredcount Definesrelationshipbetweenthemeasuredcount
ratepervolumeandthetrueactivityconcentration ratepervolumeandthetrueactivityconcentration
Aphantomofknownactivityconcentrationisimagedand Aphantomofknownactivityconcentrationisimagedand
reconstructedwithuniformattenuationcorrection reconstructedwithuniformattenuationcorrection
Averagecountsinaslicearecalculated Averagecountsinaslicearecalculated
Fromthisasystemcalibrationiscomputed Fromthisasystemcalibrationiscomputed
Convertimagecounts/pixeltoactivity/volume Convertimagecounts/pixeltoactivity/volume
Acquiredmonthlyoraftersystemmaintenance Acquiredmonthlyoraftersystemmaintenance
7
Quantitative PET
Example Example:FDGPETstudiesformonitoringtumorresponse :FDGPETstudiesformonitoringtumorresponse
Assumethattheleveloftumoruptakeisproportionalto Assumethattheleveloftumoruptakeisproportionalto
tumor tumor activity activity
Quantitativeanalysis Quantitativeanalysis
Standardizeduptakevalue Standardizeduptakevalue
Patlak Patlak analysis analysis
Compartmentalmodel Compartmentalmodel
Requires Requires
Scannertobecross Scannertobecross calibratedwithdosecalibrator calibratedwithdosecalibrator
Scanner(anddosecalibrator)tobestable Scanner(anddosecalibrator)tobestable
Therefore,acquiresystemcalibrationmonthly Therefore,acquiresystemcalibrationmonthly
Quantitative PET: SUV
FormulticenterstudiesrelyingonquantitativePET,scanners FormulticenterstudiesrelyingonquantitativePET,scanners
mustbecertifiedbeforeparticipationinthetrial mustbecertifiedbeforeparticipationinthetrial
ACRINscannercertificationprocedure: ACRINscannercertificationprocedure:
ImageauniformphantomofF ImageauniformphantomofF 18usingtypicalclinical 18usingtypicalclinical
protocol protocol
Reconstruct,applyingallcorrections Reconstruct,applyingallcorrections
DisplayinSUVunits,obtainaverageincentralROIforeach DisplayinSUVunits,obtainaverageincentralROIforeach
slice slice
Shouldget0.9<SUV<1.1 Shouldget0.9<SUV<1.1
Daily Quality Assurance
CantheScannerbeUsedToday? CantheScannerbeUsedToday?
PotentialProblems PotentialProblems
Systemstability,drifts Systemstability,drifts
Detectormodule/PMT/preampfailure Detectormodule/PMT/preampfailure
Loosecables,connectors Loosecables,connectors
Inoperablegantrymotors,sourceloader Inoperablegantrymotors,sourceloader
DailyQARegimen DailyQARegimen
AutomaticPMTgainadjustment AutomaticPMTgainadjustment
Blankscan Blankscan
QAwilldetectbutnotpreventtheseproblems QAwilldetectbutnotpreventtheseproblems
Daily QA: Loose Cable
LooseCable Better
QA Schedule
DetectorandElectronics DetectorandElectronics
Characterization Characterization Frequency Frequency
Crystalmap Crystalmap Quarterly Quarterly
PMTgain PMTgain Daily Daily
Coincidencetiming Coincidencetiming Weekly(Daily) Weekly(Daily)
SystemCorrections SystemCorrections
Normalization Normalization Quarterly Quarterly
Scannercalibration Scannercalibration Monthly(Weekly) Monthly(Weekly)
BlankScan BlankScan Daily Daily