Water Supply

Hastings District Council : Engineering Code of Practice
Part 2 : Engineering Standards, Water Supply

Hastings District Council - Code of Practice for Subdivision and Land Development
Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 1

Contents

The Contents of this Section are as follows:

page

2.5.1 Introduction 2

2.5.2 Performance Criteria 2

2.5.3 Design Guidelines - Reticulated Areas 3

2.5.4 Design Guidelines - Non Reticulated Areas 10

2.5.5 Guidelines for Specifications 12

2.5.6 Inspection During Construction 20

2.5.7 General Requirements for Developers 21

Section 2.5
Water Supply

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 2

2.5 Water Supply

2.5.1 Introduction

This section provides a set of engineering standards for the
design and construction of drinking-water reticulation systems
which are to come under Hastings District Council (HDC)
jurisdiction and/or ownership. The section also provides
guidance for effective and systematic construction supervision
leading to high standards.

Our objective in design and construction is to distribute water
for consumption and fire fighting which meets the appropriate
standards for these uses.

2.5.2 Performance Criteria

2.5.2.1 Hygiene

A water reticulation facility shall:

a) Deliver water to the point of supply which complies with the Drinking-Water Standards
for New Zealand (DWSfNZ), 1995.

b) Minimise the risks of contamination being introduced into the water.

c) Meet the water supply performance criteria of the New Zealand Building Code.

2.5.2.2 Capacity and Layout


a) Have sufficient capacity to provide adequate flow and pressure to meet the
anticipated demand over its lifetime.

b) Meet the fire protection requirements of the NZ Fire Service Code of Practice for Fire
Fighting Water Supplies

c) Be located in such a way as to adequately service each lot, and provide reasonable
access for maintenance.

d) Minimise adverse effects on, and be compatible with, the existing water reticulation
network.

e) Minimise disruption to other parts of the network during maintenance; by having
adequate interconnections, valves, and separating trunk main supplies from local
reticulation.

f) Where practical utilise mechanical, electrical, alarm and telemetry equipment which is
compatible with existing equipment used by HDC.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 3

g) Where the expected life of any component is less than that of the system of which it is
a part, make provision for access and removal of that component.

h) Ensure that mechanical and electrical equipment is either designed for submergence,
or located above the 100 year design flood level (refer Section 2.3 Stormwater).

2.5.2.3 Structural integrity


a) Be constructed of materials compatible with the chemical properties of the water
being conveyed, suitable for the intended duty with a minimum design life of 50 years,
and with a proven record of performance.

b) Minimise leakage, the ingress of contaminants, and the penetration of roots.

c) Provide electrical and mechanical equipment with a life span and quality of the best
currently available technology.

d) Withstand all anticipated superimposed loads and network pressures (including those
from transient surges which could reasonably be expected from pump failure, pump
starts, and sudden valve closure).

2.5.3 Design Guidelines : Reticulated Areas

2.5.3.1 General

A reticulated water supply shall be installed in all subdivisions and provide a domestic
and fire fighting supply to each lot in the subdivision.

In localities where either the existing system is inadequate or where a higher pressure
supply system is required, the subdivider shall provide and meet the cost of all
pumping facilities, pumping mains, storage facilities and reticulation mains as required.

In the case of larger subdivisions, and/or areas difficult to supply, the proposal should be
discussed at an early stage with HDC who will advise of any special requirements or
conditions.

The approval of HDC shall be obtained for any proposed connection to a piped water
supply service under HDC control. Approval shall be obtained in writing before work
commences. Approval to connect will be based on the capacity available (which will be
checked by HDC staff using the HDC reticulation model), as well as the engineering
aspects for the proposed works. Connections to piped systems controlled by the HDC
will be carried out by HDC or their nominated representative at the applicants expense.

The requirements applicable for land zoned Rural or Heretaunga Plains where the urban
standard is not required, are covered in Section 2.5.4.3, Community Supplies.


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 4

The following topics are included in the discussion of design guidelines for a reticulated
area:

2.5.3.1 General

2.5.3.2 Pipe Capacity to Meet Demand

2.5.3.3 Storage

2.5.3.4 Provision of Alternative Flow Path

2.5.3.5 Pump flow

2.5.3.6 Reticulation Layout

2.5.3.7 Service Pipe Sizes

2.5.3.8 Water Meters

2.5.3.9 Tobies

2.5.3.10 Backflow prevention

2.5.3.11 Hydrant Location

2.5.3.12 Valve Location

2.5.3.13 Thrust Blocks

2.5.3.2 Pipe Capacity to Meet Demand

The mains shall be designed to provide the minimum residual pressures, as set out
below, at the flow which is the greater of either:

the required fire flow plus two thirds of the peak daily demand (on the maximum day),
or
the peak daily demand (on the maximum day).

The Design demand figures for the reticulation system shall be:

Domestic Supply

Average consumption : 300 litres/person/day.
Peak 2 hour flow : 2.0m
3
/person/day.
Minimum service pressure at the point of supply shall be 350 kPa (35m water head)
unless the site is located in a low pressure area designated by HDC.
Average population per household shall be taken as 3.5 except for the following
beach settlements where a higher household population shall be assumed:
Waimarama 5.0
Waipatiki 5.0

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 5

Design population to be assumed at other beach settlements shall be discussed with the
HDC.

Commercial Supply

Design demand for commercial and industrial areas, or approved irrigation, shall be as
required for the specific users to be served (quantity and pressure).

Fire Fighting Supply

The water reticulation system shall be designed to comply with the Code of Practice for
Fire Fighting Water Supplies, 1992 and amendments.

Table 2.5.1 below sets out the minimum flow rates required for different fire risk areas.
The flow may be from one hydrant or a group of hydrants within a 270m radius. Minimum
running pressure shall be 100 kPa (10m head).

Table 2.5.1 Minimum Flow Rates for Fire Fighting

Area Served Risk
Class
Flow
(litres/sec)
Commercial Areas and selected Industrial
Areas
C 100
Other Industrial Areas D 50
Residential Areas E 25

2.5.3.3 Storage

If a storage reservoir is necessary to support the development it shall be provided to the
approval of HDC and at the expense of the developer.

Storage requirement shall be based on:

a) 400 litres per person for residential and rural developments,

b) specific design to approval of HDC for non-residential development

c) fire storage as given in the NZ Fire Service Code of Practice for Fire Fighting
Water Supplies.

Storage reservoirs shall have a maximum depth of 7 metres. Reservoirs shall have
scour and overflow connections and fall shall be provided in the floor to the scour outlet.
Depth monitoring and telemetry equipment shall be to the approval of the HDC and
installed in a separate area to the access hatch.

The water reticulation system shall be designed such that alternative sources can supply
the area when the reservoir or outlet main are out of action.


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 6

Reservoir roofs shall have sufficient fall to prevent ponding of rain water. The design
shall minimise the risk of contamination. Provision must be made for raised access
hatches above roof level. Locked and sealed ducts must be provided for any monitoring
equipment.

2.5.3.4 Provision of Alternative Flow Path

In order to provide an alternative flow path in the event of a pipe failure or routine
maintenance, the required capacity of certain mains may be governed by a situation
where parts of the network are out of service. Consideration shall be given to this aspect
at the design stage.

In establishing a reticulation system Council may determine that in certain cases the
requirements of the reticulation network overide the specific needs of a particular
development.
2.5.3.5 Pump Flow

For pipes in the vicinity of a pumping station, the pump flow may govern the size of main
needed. All pipes shall be Class D (120m) minimum pressure rating. Pressure ratings
shall be increased as required for pumping mains. In Rural areas pipes may be Class C
(90m) minimum if appropriate.
2.5.3.6 Reticulation Layout

Layout of mains shall, wherever possible, provide a ringmain system so as to avoid dead
ends and provide alternative flow paths.

A water main of not less than 100mm diameter (principal main) shall be laid on one side
of all through streets and to within 65m from the dead-end of cul-de-sacs. The principal
main shall be fitted with fire hydrants as specified in Section 2.5.3.11. Wherever possible
water mains shall be laid parallel with property boundaries. The offset from the boundary
shall be 1.2 metres. Watermains shall not be placed under footpaths, beneath
verandahs in the CBD or shopping areas, or within 200mm of road kerbs.

The alignment may vary from standard as circumstances dictate, provided prior approval
is obtained from the Council.

A 50mm diameter rider main shall be laid to serve lots on the opposite side of the road to
the principal main. Individual road crossings for a service connection will not be
accepted. The service pipe shall be laid generally at right angles to the main.

Rider mains shall be supplied from a principal main at both ends, except for rural roads,
non residential roads and private ways. Intermediate connections to a principal main will
be required for rider mains longer than 100 metres in urban areas. Longer distances
may be permitted in semi urban areas, subject to a capacity check. Refer: NZS 4404 :
Code of Practice for Urban Land Subdivision, 1981 Table 2.

In arterial roads, dual carriageway roads and commercial and industrial areas principal
mains may be required on both sides of the road.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 7

In commercial and industrial areas pipe sizes shall be specifically designed for the likely
demand and shall recognise the minimum requirements for effective sprinkler systems.

The layout of the reticulation system shall provide adequate clearance from other
services. Acceptable minimum clearances are:

Horizontal 350mm between principal mains and other services
250mm between rider mains and other services
300mm from any boundary

Vertical (i.e. pipe cross-overs) 150mm

Where water mains are laid on slopes steeper than 1 in 4, they shall be of steel pipe
suitably tied and anchored.

In roads which may be extended in the future, mains shall be laid to within 4 metres of
the end of the legal road.

Drawing 2.5.1 provides guidance on the typical layout for water reticulation services, and
Drawing 2.5.2 Ridermain details.
2.5.3.7 Service Pipe Sizes

In general the internal diameter of a domestic water service pipe shall be as follows:

Low pressure (< 350 kPa) areas 20mm
Other areas 12mm

Drawing 2.5.3 shows high and low pressure areas in the Hastings District

Any domestic service supply pipe totalling more than 50m in length shall be regarded as
a special case and pipe sizes specifically calculated.

The diameter of industrial and commercial connections shall be based on water demand
but shall not less than 20mm internal diameter. The requirements for internal fire fighting
with reference to hose reels and sprinkler systems shall be considered by the designer
when sizing connections.

Extraordinary supply connections (those above 50mm internal diameter) shall be made
only subject to a specific design check of the mains capacity and the network capacity.
2.5.3.8 Water Meters

Water meters will only be installed as required by the Council Water Supply Bylaw 1995.
Each application for a metered water supply shall be subject to Council approval.
Where meters are required, they will be supplied and installed at the developers
expense by Council staff. The meters will become Council property.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 8

2.5.3.9 Tobies

Normally the toby shall be installed 300 mm outside the property boundary. In rights-of-
way or private streets the toby box shall be in common land.

Because of the vulnerability of the supply to contamination, backflow prevention in
accordance with Section 2.5.3.10 shall be incorporated on all new service connections.
Drawing 2.5.4 gives typical details of the water service connection.
2.5.3.10 Backflow Prevention

Backflow prevention shall be incorporated into the water reticulation design. As there is
no chlorine residual from water treatment in the Council water system, backflow
prevention is of critical importance.

Backflow prevention on each domestic service connection shall be provided by the use
of a Petronelli stop valve incorporating a spring loaded rising washer as shown in
Drawing 2.5.4

For industrial/commercial supplies backflow prevention shall be specifically designed
according to flow requirements, the hazard of the particular premises, and to the
approval of Council.

Within any building or property the responsibility for backflow prevention rests with the
owner as per the NZ Building Code.
2.5.3.11 Hydrant Location

Hydrants shall be located where they are readily accessible to the Fire Service in case of
emergency. The location shall be such that they can also be used for flushing the main.
Reference should be made to Drawings 2.5.5 and 2.5.6.

No hydrant shall be located in parking lanes, under commercial verandahs or in service
lanes.

In accordance with the current Code of Practice for Fire Fighting Water Supplies,
hydrants shall be spaced at intervals not exceeding the following:

Commercial and Industrial Areas 90 metres
Residential Areas 135 metres

In no-exit streets the last hydrant shall be no more than 65 metres from the dead end.

The furthermost portion of any residential building site shall be no more than 135m from
the nearest hydrant. If necessary, a 100mm diameter fire main shall be constructed and
a hydrant placed within a private way to ensure this condition is met.

In commercial and industrial areas the same conditions shall apply except the maximum
distance to a hydrant shall be 90 metres.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 9

2.5.3.12 Valve Location

The maximum distance between valves on mains with service connections shall be
450m, and 900m for mains without service connections.

Generally valves shall be placed on two of the three legs leading from each tee section
and on three legs of a four way junction. Council may require valves on all legs if
necessary to limit the number of properties without water during a shut-down to a
maximum of 40.

Refer Drawing 2.5.7 for standard valve details.

Valves shall be positioned to enable the rider main to be scoured near both ends (refer
Drawing 2.5.8 for standard rider main scour detail).

On mains 200mm diameter and larger scour outlet valves may be required at low points
with suitable drainage provided.

Air valves may be required at high points on both principal and ridermains. They shall be
fitted on trunk mains at high points and intervals not exceeding 1000m. Air valves shall
be sized by specific design for approval by Council.
2.5.3.13 Thrust Blocks

Cast in situ concrete thrust blocks shall be provided at all points where an unbalanced
thrust may occur on mains greater than or equal to 50mm diameter. Thrust blocks are
required at:

Tees
Changes in size of main e.g. tapers
Blank ends
Bends and curves (horizontal and vertical)
All valves 50 mm diameter and larger

The design of thrust blocks shall be based on the site soil strength (to a maximum of 75
kPa). Thrust blocks shall be sized according to test pressure or estimated water
hammer whichever requires the greater. The inner face of the block shall be larger than
the diameter of fittings/pipework and constructed so not to impair access to fittings, bolts,
joints or future main extensions. Thrust blocks shall be poured against natural ground.
Refer to Drawing 2.5.9 for standard thrust block details.
2.5.4 Design Guidelines : Non-Reticulated Area
2.5.4.1 General

Where reticulated public water supply is available, or is planned to be available within 5
years, a new subdivision shall reticulate and connect to (or make provision to connect
to) that supply. Any such works shall be designed in accordance with Section 2.5.3.


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 10

Where no public water supply is available, or expected to be available, the following
sub-sections modify or extend the requirements of Section 2.5.3.

The design of any non reticulated rural drinking-water supply system shall be carried
out by a water supply professional experienced in this kind of work, to the satisfaction of
Council.

All natural sources of water (i.e. surface water and groundwater) require a resource
consent from the Regional Council prior to exploitation.

The following topics are included in the discussion of design guidelines for a non-
reticulated area:

2.5.4.1 General

2.5.4.2 Individual Households

2.5.4.3 Community Supplies

2.5.4.4 Wells

2.5.4.5 Storage Tanks
2.5.4.2 Individual Households

In order to gain approval for the subdivision the developer shall demonstrate that an
adequate water, not less than 1000 L/dwelling unit/day, which complies with the
Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand 1995, is available for every lot from either
sources within the lot or at the lot boundary.

For a roof run-off rainwater supply each lot and/or dwelling shall be provided with total
storage of at least 90 m
3
. For a groundwater supply each lot shall have a well for its
exclusive use, with storage of at least 1000 L/dwelling unit/day to ensure continuous
supply at peak demand.
2.5.4.3 Community Supplies

A community supply installed by the Developer, and to be operated and maintained by
private arrangements between the users, is an acceptable solution for Rural areas, but
will require design by an appropriate professional.

All such systems shall be used in conjunction with balancing storage. Supply to dwelling
units may be by pumping from the balancing storage or gravity if feasible. The minimum
balancing storage shall be 20 m
3
or 1 m
3
/day/lot whichever is the greater.

Water shall be treated and then monitored to comply with the Drinking-Water Standards
for New Zealand 1995, and a reticulated system shall be installed so each lot can be
supplied with 1000 L of water per day at the lot boundary. Any treatment facility shall be
designed, constructed and certified by suitably qualified personnel to the approval of
Council.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 11

Where the water supply is not solely used for domestic supply an approved backflow
preventer or an air gap is required at the supply point of the non-domestic connection.
2.5.4.4 Wells

Wells shall be constructed to the requirements of the Regional Council.

The well shall be pump tested and bore recovery characteristics shall be recorded. A
member of the New Zealand Well Drillers Federation shall certify the production from the
well. A copy of test results and the well bore log shall be supplied to the HDC upon
request.

The chemical and bacteriological water quality shall be established by a Telarc
registered laboratory which shall provide the HDC with a copy of results upon request.

All wells shall be;

positioned to allow ready vehicle access in the event of a fire, and

fitted with a 51mm female Camlok fitting for fire fighting, positioned between 300mm
and 650mm above ground level, but at least 100mm above the invert of the tank to
prevent debris entering the fire service pump.

2.5.4.5 Storage Tanks

Concrete storage tanks greater than one cubic metre capacity shall comply with NZS
3106 for water retaining structures. Storage tanks of timber or plastic shall be subject to
HDC approval. Tanks shall be watertight, bird and vermin proof, cleaned and disinfected
before use and roofed to exclude daylight.

Precast concrete tanks may be used up to a capacity of 45 m
3
. Where storage greater
than 60 m
3
is required a purpose built reservoir to NZS 3106 shall be constructed.

All storage tanks greater than 2m
3
shall be;

positioned to allow ready vehicle access in the event of a fire, and

fitted with a 51mm female Camlok fitting for fire fighting, positioned between 300mm
and 650mm above ground level, but at least 100mm above the invert of the tank to
prevent debris entering the fire service pump.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 12

2.5.5 Guidelines for Specifications
2.5.5.1 General

The following clauses relate specifically to construction specifications which apply to
water supply works. Reference should also be made to Section 2.7 of this Code of
Practice which provides a general overview of construction specifications.
Specifications must clearly explain, in combination with the related construction
drawings, the scope of works. They shall indicate the circumstances and conditions the
contractor may expect to face during the works and requirements the work shall comply
with. While standard clauses may be used the whole specification must be prepared and
edited for each specific work.

Due attention shall be given to safety aspects. All excavations shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Excavation 1988, a booklet published by the Department of
Labour, and Guide for Safety with Underground Services of the Department of Labour
shall be referred to.

The following topics are included in the discussion of guidelines for specifications:

2.5.5.1 General

2.5.5.2 Standards

2.5.5.3 Supply Mains and Rider Mains

2.5.5.4 Pipe Laying

2.5.5.5 Service Connections

2.5.5.5 Hydrants

2.5.5.7 Valves

2.5.5.8 Valve and Hydrant Boxes

2.5.5.9 Testing

2.5.5.10 Cleaning and Disinfection
2.5.5.2 Standards

The Standards and Codes of Practice listed below are referred to in this section. The
design, materials and methods of construction shall comply with these standards and
codes as applicable.

The standards used shall incorporate the latest amendments. Standards superseding
those listed shall automatically apply:

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 13

Ministry of Health Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand, 1995
NZ Fire Service Code of Practice for Fire Fighting Water Supplies, 1992
NZS/BS 750 Specification for underground fire hydrants and surface box
frames and corners
NZS 4402 Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes
NZS 4452 Construction of underground pipe sewers and drains
NZS 4501 Code of Practice for the location marking of fire hydrants
NZS 7643 Code of Practice for the installation of uPVC pipe systems
NZS 7648 Uplasticised PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications
AS 1830 Iron Castings - Grey cast iron
AS 2129 Flanges for pipes, valves and fittings
BS 5154 Copper Alloy Globe, Globe Stop and Check, Check and Gate
Valves for general purposes
BS 5163 Specification for predominantly key operated cast iron gate
valves for waterworks purposes
2.5.5.3 Supply Mains and Rider Mains

The following pipes may be used for principal mains providing they comply with the
relevant New Zealand Standard.

uPVC NZS 7648 (Z joints)
Concrete Lined Steel NZS 4442
Polyethylene NZS 7601 or NZS 7602 (medium or high density only)
Ductile Iron AS 2280

Gibault joints shall be used wherever a flexible or dismantlable joint is required. Steel
pipes are normally welded.

The pressure rating used shall be one class above the maximum anticipated service
pressure, but not less than Class D (120m water head, except note section 2.5.3.5).

Joints for uPVC pipes shall be spigot and socket rubber ring type (Z joint). Solvent
cement joints shall not be used.

Steel pipe may use either flanges to AS2129 Table E, drilled to Table D, (Blakeborough
pattern) or gibault joints, or be welded by a certified welder.

Polythene pipe shall be joined as per the manufacturers recommendations.

Pipe fittings shall be manufactured from high quality grey iron in accordance with AS
1830 T220. External coating shall be a bonded epoxy (e.g. Rilsan or equal and
approved).

Fittings for uPVC pipe shall be Milnes or similar approved manufacture.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 14

2.5.5.4 Pipe Laying

General

All pipes and fittings shall be transported, handled, stored and laid in accordance with
the manufacturers recommendations. All pipes, valves, fittings and service connection
fittings to be part of permanent works shall be laid during construction to ensure they are
included in all inspections, testing and disinfection.

All pipes and fittings used in water mains and service connections shall be kept clean
and free from contamination. Blank caps shall be fitted temporarily to the ends of
exposed pipes while no work on the pipe is being undertaken. Fire hydrants and gate
valves shall be kept closed. Pipes shall not be laid while water is lying in the trench.

Cover to Pipes

Water pipes shall have the minimum and maximum covers to the crown shown in Table
2.5.2

Table 2.5.2 Minimum and Maximum Cover to Water Supply Services

Type Location Minimum Cover to
Crown
Maximum Cover
to Crown
Mains 100 mm
NB or greater
Under grass berms or
footpaths
Under carriageways
750 mm

750mm
1200 mm

1200mm
Rider mains Under grass berms or
footpaths
Under carriageways
450 mm

600mm
650 mm

800mm
Service
Connections (at
toby)
300 mm below
finished level
500 mm

Pipes in rural water supply systems shall have a minimum ground cover of 600mm.

Setting Out of Mains

The watermains in new subdivisions shall be laid with reference to permanent or
temporary land transfer pegs placed by a Registered Surveyor responsible for the final
land transfer pegging.

Bedding and Pipe Surround

Pipe bedding shall be selected for suitability under the design loading conditions. The
type of bedding shall be in accordance with NZS 7643 and the appropriate pipe material
standard, or the manufacturers pipe laying publication. In general, with good ground
conditions bedding and other trench details shall be as shown in Drawing 2.5.10.


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 15

Where required by local conditions (e.g. soft flexible soils CBR < 3) further bedding
design shall be carried out by a Registered Engineer.

Flexible walled pipes subject to high loads shall be protected by the provision of an insitu
20MPa concrete slab 100mm above the pipe.

Backfilling pipe surround shall be carried out in general accordance with Section 5 of
NZS 7643 using granular bedding material as pipe surround to a minimum of 100 mm
above the top of the pipe.

Following placement of the pipe, the granular bedding material shall be placed in layers
not exceeding 150 mm and shall be carefully tamped with hand or mechanical tampers
to fill all voids, with particular attention to compacting under the pipe haunches. The
material shall not be dropped from a height of greater than 600mm. The granular fill
shall be compacted to a density of not less than 95% of the Maximum Dry Density as
determined by Test 4.1.2 of NZS 4402.

Backfilling and Reinstatement

Services in Road Reserve

Within a road reserve, filling above the pipe surround shall be in accordance with
Councils Specification for Service Maintenance Operations and New Service
Installations within Road Reserve.

Services in Land not in Road Reserve

Pipe trenches may be backfilled with suitable excavated material (ordinary fill) provided it
is at or slightly below the optimum moisture content for compaction (refer NZS 4402,
Test 4.1.2). If the excavated material is unsuitable, as determined by the certifying
Engineer, approved imported material shall be used.

Ordinary backfill shall then be compacted in 200 mm layers so as to achieve a minimum
dry density of not less than 95% of the Maximum Dry Density as determined by Test
4.1.2 of NZS 4402
Ordinary backfill may comprise excavated material, if approved by the certifying
Engineer. The ordinary backfill shall be compacted using mechanical tampers or rollers
on the trench without damaging the pipe or fittings. Mechanical compaction equipment
shall not be used within 300 mm of any pipe.
2.5.5.5 Service Connections

Each service connection to a principal main or rider main shall be connected as shown in
Drawing 2.5.4.

All tapping bands shall be of an approved gun-metal, aluminium bronze, or stainless
steel; with nuts and bolts of same or similar material.


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 16

Service connections shall be laid at right angles to the main. They shall be located near
the centre of the front boundary for front lots, and on the house side of and clear of the
driveway to rear lots.

The service pipe shall terminate at the point of supply as shown on Drawing 2.5.4, and
shall be marked with a 50mm x 50mm treated timber stake with top painted blue
extending from below pipe level to 400mm above ground level.
2.5.5.6 Hydrants

Hydrants shall be to NZS/BS 750:1984 with flanges to AS2129 Table E drilled, to Table
D (Blakeborough pattern). The tall pattern shall be used although short or medium may
be allowed, in specific circumstances with the approval of the Council.

The following modifications shall be specified:

Hydrants shall close by turning the spindle clockwise
All steel nuts and bolts used in the construction of the hydrant shall be hot dip
galvanised with bolts of the square headed type to facilitate nut removal in place
The hydrant shall be coated internally and externally with an approved coating such
as Rilsan
The washer shall be nytrone rubber
Frost plug drains shall not be fitted or alternatively the plug shall not be free draining.
If the hydrant is supplied with a frost plug drain it shall be replaced by a plug without a
hole.

A hydrant riser shall be used where necessary to ensure the spindle top is between 150
and 250mm below finished surface level.

Hydrant tees shall be flanged for connection to other flanged fittings. Otherwise flexible
joints (gibault) are permitted.

The location marking of fire hydrants shall be to NZS 4501. Note also Drawing 2.5.6. In
addition extra marking near schools and other high risk areas may be required as per
NZS 4501 (e.g. blue reflector in the centre of the street).
2.5.5.7 Valves

All valves shall have an approved protective coating on all parts subject to corrosion.

The valves on a main shall be sluice valves Class 1 to BS 5163 : 1986 16 Bar Rating,
non-rising spindles and anti-clockwise closing. They shall be of Grade A construction
and suitable for gland packing under mains pressure. Flanges to AS2129 Table E,
drilled to Table D (Blakeborough pattern) are preferred.

Gate valves shall be to BS 5154 : 1989 and have resilient seats. Hand wheels and
retaining nuts shall be of corrosion resistant material.

Valve packing shall be teflon or similar approved.

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 17

2.5.5.8 Valve and Hydrant Boxes

Surface boxes shall be fitted over fire hydrants, valves and other fittings which allow
access for operation and maintenance.

Boxes and surrounds shall be constructed so that no load can be transferred to any pipe
or fitting. They shall not move under expected loads. Wood shall not be used as
packing between surrounds or surrounds and boxes. Valve and hydrant boxes shall be
thoroughly bedded assuming supersaturated soil conditions.

All boxes shall be to an accepted standard design, as shown in Drawing 2.5.7.

The lids of valve boxes shall be painted light blue. A reference blue mark shall be
painted on a 25mm deep sawcut in the road kerb.
2.5.5.9 Testing

After laying is completed the mains shall be tested by an appropriate professional in the
presence of a nominated representative of the Hastings District Council. The subdivider
shall provide all fittings and materials to carry out the work, and ensure test requirements
can be met before calling the representative to observe the test. The developer shall
give 2 working days notice to the Council.

All mains and services shall undergo a thorough flushing before testing.

All joints must be kept clear so that they may be readily inspected. Testing against shut
valves is not acceptable, except where the open end of the valve can be observed. The
main must be filled with water and all air released. Pressure should be allowed to build
up to the working pressure in the adjacent reticulation and any visible leakage should be
repaired. The main should stand these conditions for 24 hours before requesting a test.
Pressure should be applied in such a way that, in the event of failure of the main or dead
end caps, the continuous flow from the existing reticulation will be small.

Mains, fittings and service connections shall be subjected to a stable test head of 140m
of waterhead (198 psi) for a period of 15 minutes.

Over the period of the test, leakage shall not exceed 0.1ml per hour per mm internal
diameter per metre of pipe length, i.e. a total of 0.025 ml per mm internal diameter per
metre of pipe length for the 15 minute duration. There shall be no visible leaks.
2.5.5.10 Cleaning and Disinfection

General

All cleaning and disinfection shall be completed by the Developer or his agent, and
certified correct by an appropriate professional. The following notes shall apply:

The Hastings water supply does not have a disinfection residual. It is therefore
extremely vulnerable to microbiological contamination by any debris, soil, or

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 18

contaminated water which may be left within the pipe or any fittings following
construction.
Thorough flushing, cleaning and disinfection is absolutely crucial for preventing
waterborne disease in the Hastings community.

All water supply pipes, valves, services and other fittings shall be disinfected by means
of chlorination before connection into existing services. Where pipes or specials are not
within the chlorinated line they shall be swabbed with chlorinated pull throughs.

The Developer shall provide all special tappings etc, for the introduction and draining of
the chlorine solution.

Disinfection

The Developer shall disinfect the entire length of each pipeline after pressure testing,
and flushing.

A solution of sufficient Free Available Chlorine (FAC) concentration, to achieve a residual
FAC after the minimum contact period (as given in the following table), of at least 10
mg/litre shall be introduced into the pipeline. The minimum Ct value (the product of FAC
concentration and contact time) achieved, shall be 7,200 ((mg/litre) minutes), subject to a
pH of less than 9.0. To achieve this Ct value, the FAC and/or the contact time may be
adjusted according to Table 2.5.3.

Table 2.5.3 Relationship between Contact Time and Minimum FAC

Contact Time
(hours)
Minimum FAC
(mg/litre)
12 10
10 12
8 15
6 20
4 30
2 60

After the disinfection period the sterilising solution in the pipeline must be flushed into the
sewerage system with water from the HDC reticulation. The flushing will need to be
carefully controlled to avoid surcharging the existing sewers. Alternatively the
Developer may de-chlorinate the discharge and dispose of it to the stormwater system or
a natural watercourse. If de-chlorination is undertaken, testing shall be carried out to
confirm that the chlorine concentration of the wash-out water has been reduced to less
than 0.5 mg/litre.

The FAC of the wash-out water shall be tested at regular intervals during the flushing
period to confirm the uniformity of the disinfection solution and to avoid unnecessary
waste of flushing water.

The flushing shall continue until the FAC residual has been reduced to less than 0.2
mg/litre, and the main left to stand for at least 6 hours. At the completion of the standing

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 19

time, bacteriological samples shall be taken from the pipeline, at the rate of at least one
sample for every 300 m of pipe length.

Bacteriological Testing

It is the Developers responsibility to ensure that all samples shall be tested for faecal
coliforms by a TELARC registered laboratory. Note that sampling should be carried out
by trained, TELARC registered personnel to avoid the possibility of contamination of the
sample. Council can assist with organising the testing if required, at the Developers
expense.

The Developer shall provide to the Council a certified report from the testing laboratory
detailing the date, the sampling point location/s and the results achieved. If the results
conform to the following requirements, the main may be connected to the existing
reticulation. If the results of the bacteriological testing are unsatisfactory, the Developer
shall repeat the full sterilising procedure until clear microbiological results are achieved.

Sample results will be considered acceptable if nil faecal coliforms per 100 ml are
reported.

It should be noted that the use of a non-bactericidal jointing lubricant may prevent the
achieving of the above results, and that 24 hours is required to obtain nil test results.

If any contaminated water is allowed to enter the pipeline (for any reason), after
disinfection (e.g.. during connecting up or flooding of the site), the Developer shall re-
disinfect the whole pipeline and carry out further confirming tests.

Disinfection of Closer Pipes

Any closer pipes or fittings which come in contact with water for human consumption
shall be:

thoroughly cleaned and flushed to remove any dirt or foreign matter
disinfected by swabbing with a solution of hypochlorite prepared by mixing 10 ml of
3% sodium hypochlorite in 10 litres of water
2.5.6 Inspection During Construction

To ensure that the drinking-water reticulation systems are constructed to the specified
standards, inspection by an appropriate professional during construction shall cover at
least the following details:

Pipe sizes
Horizontal and vertical pipe alignment
Trench depth and width, if specified
Trench backfill material
Compaction of trench fill material
Materials and workmanship of joints between pipes
Inspection after the pavement or berm surface has been completed

Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 20

Size and shape of thrust blocks
Condition of corrosion protection coating for steel mains
Construction and corrosion protection of special steel pipe units

Inspection on site shall be carried out by a person with a good knowledge of water
supply theory and construction practice, who shall have reasonable liaison with the
design engineer for works being inspected.

For drinking-water reticulation works all inspections shall be certified as noted in Part 1 of
this Code of Practice.

Council reserves the right to, and shall be granted access upon 24 hours written notice,
to independently inspect the works. Where work or material is found to be unsuitable it
shall be removed and replaced to the satisfaction of Council prior to further work being
carried out. The cost of the independent inspection shall in this case be charged to the
Developer.
2.5.7 General Requirements for Private Developers
2.5.7.1 Connection to the Council System

Connection to the existing reticulation system will be carried out at the Developers cost
by Councils nominated contractor after testing and disinfection to the satisfaction of
Council.
2.5.7.2 Easements

The subdivider shall create easements for all water supply mains and service
connections which cross adjacent private property.

Easement or reserve widths shall be the larger of:

a width equal to twice the depth to invert plus the pipe diameter with the service laid
in the centre, or

a minimum of 3 metres with the service laid in the centre
2.5.7.3 As Built Plans

On completion of works the developer shall provide Council with approved and accurate
As built plans. They shall show the location of all property boundaries, pipes, valves,
hydrants and connections, pipe diameters and materials used and date of completion.
All specials made up shall be detailed on these plans. Refer also Section 2.7 of this
Code of Practice.

As built plans of any rural watersupply system and operating instructions shall be lodged
with the Hastings District Council, who in this respect will act as librarian.
2.5.7.4 Consents


Part 2 Section 2.5
November 1997 21

The Regional Council controls the taking of water from rural water supply bores and/or
surface water sources. The Regional Council Water Resources Plan describes those
activities which are Permitted under the plan. Developers should in all cases consult
with Regional Council before taking water. If a Resource Consent is required, a copy
shall be included with any subdivision or land-use consent application presented to the
Hastings District Council.

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What are the performance criteria for water reticulation facilities?

What are the requirements for inspection during construction of water reticulation systems?

Hastings District Council : Engineering Code of Practice

Part 2 : Engineering Standards, Water Supply

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