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    400 Years of Exploration Notes

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    This document summarizes 400 years of European exploration from the Crusades to the 16th century. It details the overland trade routes established by the Crusades and Marco Polo, as well as the spice trade between Europe, Asia, India and the Middle East. The motivations for sea exploration included gaining wealth and spreading religion. Technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled nations like Portugal to explore new trade routes around Africa and to Asia, led by Prince Henry the Navigator. Columbus's voyages in 1492 unintentionally resulted in the European discovery of the Americas, and subsequent Spanish conquistadors established colonies and empires in the Americas while searching for gold and converting natives to Christianity.

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    400 Years of Exploration Notes

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    This document summarizes 400 years of European exploration from the Crusades to the 16th century. It details the overland trade routes established by the Crusades and Marco Polo, as well as the spice trade between Europe, Asia, India and the Middle East. The motivations for sea exploration included gaining wealth and spreading religion. Technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled nations like Portugal to explore new trade routes around Africa and to Asia, led by Prince Henry the Navigator. Columbus's voyages in 1492 unintentionally resulted in the European discovery of the Americas, and subsequent Spanish conquistadors established colonies and empires in the Americas while searching for gold and converting natives to Christianity.

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    This document summarizes 400 years of European exploration from the Crusades to the 16th century. It details the overland trade routes established by the Crusades and Marco Polo, as well as the spice trade between Europe, Asia, India and the Middle East. The motivations for sea exploration included gaining wealth and spreading religion. Technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled nations like Portugal to explore new trade routes around Africa and to Asia, led by Prince Henry the Navigator. Columbus's voyages in 1492 unintentionally resulted in the European discovery of the Americas, and subsequent Spanish conquistadors established colonies and empires in the Americas while searching for gold and converting natives to Christianity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views4 pages

    400 Years of Exploration Notes

    Uploaded by

    api-177192937
    This document summarizes 400 years of European exploration from the Crusades to the 16th century. It details the overland trade routes established by the Crusades and Marco Polo, as well as the spice trade between Europe, Asia, India and the Middle East. The motivations for sea exploration included gaining wealth and spreading religion. Technological advances in navigation and shipbuilding enabled nations like Portugal to explore new trade routes around Africa and to Asia, led by Prince Henry the Navigator. Columbus's voyages in 1492 unintentionally resulted in the European discovery of the Americas, and subsequent Spanish conquistadors established colonies and empires in the Americas while searching for gold and converting natives to Christianity.

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    of 4

    400 Years of Exploration Notes

    A. Land Routes Traveled


    a. Crusades
    i. Influenced Kings to trade with East
    b. Muslims
    i. Spread goods and ideas with religion
    c. Marco Polo
    i. Trader family; major trip at 17 y.o.
    ii. Brought back gold, silver, spices, jewels from Asia
    iii. Wrote book about trip
    B. Spice Trade
    a. Europe
    i. Lumber, wheat, wool
    b. China
    i. Silk Road
    ii. Gold, silk, spices
    c. India
    i. Jewels, spices
    d. Italians had control through Constantinople
    C. Motivations for Sea Exploration
    a. To gain wealth for Nations
    b. To find fame or glory
    c. To spread religion
    d. Curiosity/Adventure
    D. Competition for Sea Route
    a. European Nations focus on Sea
    i. Technological Advances
    1. Mapmaking-allowed updated chart of new lands
    2. Navigation Instruments- compass, astrolabe
    3. Ships- stronger, larger for big trips
    4. Cannons- protected ships, traders, goods
    E. Political Changes
    a. Central Governments (monarchies) saw need
    b. Political rivalries raced to build empires
    c. Strong monarchies developed interest in funding explorations
    F. Economic Change
    a. Standardized money, trade values, join stock companies
    b. Mercantilism- theory that world contained only set value; get it while it lasts
    i. Nations had to compete to get value; take from others to gain

    ii. Wealth equaled power-gained through colonization


    c. Balance of Trade- more out; less in
    G. Portugal Leads the Way
    a. Prince Henry the Navigator
    i. Member of Royal Family
    ii. Set Up Navigation Schools in 1418
    iii. Taught Geography and Navigation
    iv. Three Main Goals
    1. Learn more about other lands
    2. Bring Christianity to Africa and Asia
    3. Find Sea Route to Asia around Africa
    H. Unspoken Goals of Prince Henry
    a. Take over trade areas from Muslims and take control of African slave trade
    i. Hoped Portugal would grow rich and powerful through trade
    ii. Sent out Explorers to push further and further and advanced mapmaking for
    newest sea and land routes
    I. Around the Cape of Good Hope
    a. Sea of Darkness- Atlantic was hard to travel
    b. Sailors continued down African coast
    i. Stayed close to keep contact with coast
    ii. Set up trade with strong African Kingdoms
    c. Dias sailed into storm to blow past southern tip of Africa and into Indian Ocea
    d. When navigating back to Atlantic- landed and named Cape of Good Hope in 1488
    J. Route of Vasco de Gama
    a. Sailed around cape to India in 1498
    i. Voyage was long and hard
    ii. Lost 120 men
    iii. Brought back spices and jewels valued at 60x the cost of the trip
    b. Portugal reached goal they had set 60 years before
    K. Columbus Reaches America
    a. Looking for shorter route to Asia
    i. Learned navigation in Portugal
    ii. Believed Asia could be reached by sailing west
    iii. Though Indies was only 3000 miles
    iv. Financed by Spains Ferdinand and Isabella
    b. Columbuss Sailings
    i. Set sail August 1494 with 90 men
    ii. Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
    iii. Crew was discouraged Columbus tricked them into continuing
    iv. Landed in San Salvador in October
    1. Named for Holy Savior
    2. Met Arawaks; bought corn, & tobacco

    L.

    M.

    N.

    O.

    P.

    v. Believed he was in the Indies


    vi. Sailed 3 more times
    vii. Died believing he sailed to Asia; not knowing he found America for Europeans
    America is Named
    a. Amerigo Vespucci
    i. Italian explorer sailed after Columbus
    1. Believed it was new lands
    2. Named new country Americhland after himself
    3. Mapmaker friend AMERICA on new map
    Voyages around the World
    a. Balboa
    i. Spanish Explorer
    ii. Found Isthmus of Panama and saw Pacific Ocean
    b. Magellan
    i. Portuguese sailor; sailed from Spain
    ii. Sailed to straight at bottom of South Americanow named straight of Magellan
    iii. Named Pacific Ocean- El Pacifico (Peaceful)
    iv. Sailed to Marianas Island and to Philippines
    1. Island war in Philippines
    2. Magellan killed
    v. Crew continued to East Indies and traded for spices
    vi. Sailed around Africa and home to complete world trip
    Spanish Empires
    a. Spanish conquistadors to America
    i. God, gold, glory
    1. More gold and glory than God
    2. Did set up missions with priests in Americas
    a. San
    b. Recruited Native Americans to teach Christianity
    b. Created colonies for Spain
    i. Riches gathered and sent back to Spain
    ii. Settled and controlled areas of New Spain (Mexico) and Peru
    iii. Pushed out, killed, enslaved Native Americans
    Spanish Conquistadors and Explorers
    a. Cortez
    i. Brought 500 soldiers
    ii. Conquered Aztec Empire
    b. Pizzaro
    i. Conquered Incan Empire
    Continuing Explorers
    a. Ponce de Leon
    i. Looked for Fountain of Youth in Florida area

    b. Henando de Soto
    i. Looked for 7 cities of Gold in SW
    ii. Met Native groups and toured Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River
    Valley
    c. Francisco Coronado
    i. Looked for 7 cities of Gold in SW
    ii. Met native groups
    iii. Brought back some gold and jewels; but did not find cities
    Q. Slave Trade
    a. Triangular Trade Route
    i. Europe- cotton, goods, weapons, liquor
    ii. Africa- people,
    iii. Americas- plantation goods, molasses and rum
    iv.

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