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    Lesson 6

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    kshitijsaxena
    This document provides instruction on phraseography in Pitman's shorthand. It defines phraseography as writing two or more words together without lifting the pen, forming a phraseogram. It outlines rules for creating phraseograms, including that they should be easy to write, not ascend or descend too far from the writing line, and be legible. Examples of phraseograms are provided following rules like writing the first word in position and joining subsequent words. Grammalogues and a sample list of phrases are also included, along with exercises for students to practice.

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    Lesson 6

    Uploaded by

    kshitijsaxena
    1K views7 pages
    This document provides instruction on phraseography in Pitman's shorthand. It defines phraseography as writing two or more words together without lifting the pen, forming a phraseogram. It outlines rules for creating phraseograms, including that they should be easy to write, not ascend or descend too far from the writing line, and be legible. Examples of phraseograms are provided following rules like writing the first word in position and joining subsequent words. Grammalogues and a sample list of phrases are also included, along with exercises for students to practice.

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    LESSON-6

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    This document provides instruction on phraseography in Pitman's shorthand. It defines phraseography as writing two or more words together without lifting the pen, forming a phraseogram. It outlines rules for creating phraseograms, including that they should be easy to write, not ascend or descend too far from the writing line, and be legible. Examples of phraseograms are provided following rules like writing the first word in position and joining subsequent words. Grammalogues and a sample list of phrases are also included, along with exercises for students to practice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views7 pages

    Lesson 6

    Uploaded by

    kshitijsaxena
    This document provides instruction on phraseography in Pitman's shorthand. It defines phraseography as writing two or more words together without lifting the pen, forming a phraseogram. It outlines rules for creating phraseograms, including that they should be easy to write, not ascend or descend too far from the writing line, and be legible. Examples of phraseograms are provided following rules like writing the first word in position and joining subsequent words. Grammalogues and a sample list of phrases are also included, along with exercises for students to practice.

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    The key takeaways are that phraseography refers to writing two or more words together without lifting the pen to form a phraseogram. Rules for forming phraseograms include writing the first word in its own position and following rules of facility, lineality and legibility. Some examples of phraseograms provided are I-thank-you, You-will-be, and What-was.

    Phraseography in shorthand refers to writing two or more words together without lifting the pen. The resultant outline is called a phraseogram.

    The rules for forming phraseograms are that the first word form should be written in its own position and the rest will follow it. A phraseogram should be easy to write and not go too far above or below the line. The first outline can also be slightly raised or lowered so the second stroke can be written in its own position.

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)

    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial


    LESSON 6
    PHRASEOGRAPHY
    Phraseography in shorthand is writing two or more words together,
    without lifting the pen. The resultant outline is called phraseogram.
    You can write your own phrases subject to the following rules:
     The qualities of best phraseogram are facility, lineality and

    legibility.
     A phraseogram should neither ascend too far above the line, nor
    descend too far below the line, the reason being, if the hand is
    carried too far away from writing line, it will take some time to
    come back to the writing line to take up the next outline.
     A phrase must be easy to write.
    The terms of facility, lineality and legibility are discussed below:

    Facility:

    Phraseogram should be easy to write even in high speed.

    Lineality:

    Phraseogram should not go up too far above the line of


    writing and should not go down too far below the line of
    writing.

    Legibility: Phraseogram should be easily readable at first sight.

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    Page

     When the first outline in the phraseogram is of first place one,


    the same may be slightly raised or lowered, so that the second
    stroke can also be written in its own position for easy
    deciphering; thus,
    I-thank-you, with-much, with-which,
    .
    with-each.

     The first word form should be written in its own position and the
    rest will follow it; thus,
    how-can-they,
    it-would-be,
    I-have-the.

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
     Before k, m, l(up) I is written with a single tick; thus,
    I-can-be,
    I-may-be,
    I-will-be.
     In phraseography
    he is represented by stroke initially, and
    by logogram medially; thus,
    he-may,
    if-he-may,
    heshould-know,
    if-he-should-know.
     Ih phrases, much is written in full
    for easier joining and
    also to distinguish from which and each; thus,
    so-much,
    how-much,
    too-much.
     Were is represented by
    or
    phrases; thus,
    you-were,
    were,
    if-they-were.

    whichever joins easily in


    if-you-were,
    they-

     In phrases, the word him is represented by inserting a dot


    vowel at third place, to distinguish from me am, my etc.;
    thus,
    of-him,
    to-him.
     Generally there is no need of vocalization (placing vowel signs)
    in phraseography.

    GRAMMALOGUES
    think

    though

    them

    was

    whose

    shall

    wish

    with

    when

    what

    would

    O, oh, owe

    He

    usual-ly

    me

    him

    in/any

    own

    language

    owing

    thing

    young

    your

    year

    we

    are

    our/hour

    Page

    thank-ed

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
    SAMPLE LIST OF PHRASES
    I-thank-you

    You-will-be

    What-was

    I-think-you-should-be

    You-may-be

    What-can-be

    I-have-the

    You-were

    It-would-be

    I-have-had

    If-you-were

    It-should-be

    I-saw-the

    They-were

    It-will-be

    I-see

    How-can-they

    It-was

    I-am

    Why-do-you

    Which-was

    I-may-be

    Why-have-you

    Which-were

    I-will

    With-you

    He-should-be

    I-will-be

    With-much

    He-will-be

    You-should

    With-which

    If-he

    You-should-be

    With-each

    If-he-were

    You-can

    When-they

    Too-much

    What-do-you

    So-much

    Page

    You-will

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
    EXERCISE 9
    Write the following sentences in shorthand. Verify with key and
    practise the shorthand script, five times each.
    1) Which of the two ought to go and thank him for it?
    2) Though it be your own wish, the difference is too much.
    3) Should we go in and give him all of it?
    4) The difference is too large and ought to be given away.
    5) Though the year by year come and go, we should do all we can.
    6) We thank them usually and shall do much for them.
    7) We wish the young to have all of the language book.
    8) We wish to do all we can for him, and we should have love for it.

    9) The difference should be given to all who come for it.

    Page

    10) I shall see whose usual duty it was to keep the shed tidy.

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
    Transcribe the following shorthand script, verify with the key and
    practice it.

    Page

    <a href=
    http://www.nssbooks.com/images/answers/SHORTHAND_KEY_EXERCISE_09.pdf
    target=_blank style=> KEY TO EXERCISE 9</a>

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
    BRIEF ANALYSIS
    Phraseography is a term used in shorthand to write two or more
    words together without lifting the pen. The resultant outline is
    called a phraseogram.
    Phraseograms can be formed by the writer, observing the facility,
    lineality and legibility.
    While forming phraseograms, awkward joining must be avoided.
    The first word form in the phraseogram should occupy its own
    position and the rest will follow it.
    When a first place outline occurs initially in the phraseogram, it may
    be slightly raised or lowered, so that the second outline also can be
    written in its own position, for better readability.
    The word the in phraseography may be expressed by a slanting
    tick joined to the preceding stroke forming an angle, written either
    downward or upward. This is called tick-the.

    Page

    The tick the should not be used initially in a phraseogram.

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    NATIONAL SHORTHAND SCHOOL (BOOKS)


    Pitmans Shorthand Online Tutorial
    Take required no. of print outs of this page and practise all the outlines as given in
    Exercise-9 at least each three lines each.

    In the service of Twin Arts for over 25 Years | Visit www.nssbooks.com

    Page

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