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Transmission Line

The national grid system transports electricity from power stations to homes and businesses via a network of high voltage cables and transmission lines. Electricity is transmitted at high voltages like 400,000V to reduce energy losses. It is transformed to lower voltages before reaching consumers. Malaysia's national grid connects over 420 substations with 11,000km of 132kV, 275kV and 500kV transmission lines. It is regulated by the Malaysian Grid Code to ensure a reliable electricity supply.

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Naqiatul Amirah
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410 views

Transmission Line

The national grid system transports electricity from power stations to homes and businesses via a network of high voltage cables and transmission lines. Electricity is transmitted at high voltages like 400,000V to reduce energy losses. It is transformed to lower voltages before reaching consumers. Malaysia's national grid connects over 420 substations with 11,000km of 132kV, 275kV and 500kV transmission lines. It is regulated by the Malaysian Grid Code to ensure a reliable electricity supply.

Uploaded by

Naqiatul Amirah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

0 TRANSMISSION
The National Grid
In every country in the world, there is a standard system known as The National Grid system
used to transmit electricity to all over the country. The national grid system is the network of cables
which transport electricity from the power stations to homes, factories and other places that require
it.
Power stations produce electricity at high currents. Electricity transmission at high currents
would encounter a large resistance in the transmission wire and therefore lose a lot of its energy as
heat. To prevent this, the current generated is passed through a step up transformer. Here the
voltage is increased to as much as 400,000V and the current decreased (remember the relationship
P = VI an increase in voltage and decrease in current by the same ratio will give the same power).
The high voltage (400,000 Volts) electricity is carried along overhead lines and underground
cables referred to as the supergrid. The voltage is the reduced in several stages making before
reaching the end user. The voltage reduction is made in step down transformers. Here is a sample of
the national grid system in Britain.

Figure 2.1: National Grid in Britain

Figure 2.2: Power System in Britain

Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power
plants to electrical substations located near demand center. This is distinct from the local wiring
between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power
distribution. Transmission lines, when interconnected with each other, become transmission
networks. In the Malaysia, the network is known as the "National Grid".
Transmission networks which form a Grid System in Peninsular Malaysia consists of 500kV,
275kV and 132kV system voltage levels. TNB owns and operates the Grid System and its called the
Grid Owner. The Grid Owner is entrusted to plan and develop the Grid System in order to maintain
adequate grid capacity. The key requirements of these networks are based on Malaysian Grid Code
(MGC) and Transmission System Reliability Standard (TSRS).
More than 420 transmission substations in the Peninsular are linked together by
approximately 11,000km of transmission lines operating at 132,275 and 500kV. The 500kV
transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia.
Begun in 1995, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead transmission
lines from Gurun, Kedah in the North along the west coast to Kapar, in the central region and from
Pasir Gudang to Yong Peng in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.

Figure 2.3: National Grid Map in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 2.4: National Grid in Sarawak

Figure 2.5: National Grid in Sabah

The total distance covered for the 500 kV transmission lines is 522 km and the 275 kV
portion is 73 km. Of the lines constructed, only the Bukit Tarek to Kapar sections had been energized
at 500 kV. The remaining lines are presently energized at 275 kV. Later, in order to cater for the
additional power transmission requirements from the 2,100 megawatt (MW) Manjung Power
Station, the 500kV system was extended from Bukit Tarek to Air Tawar and from Air Tawar to
Manjung Power Station. In 2006, the 500 kV lines between Bukit Batu and Tanjung Bin were
commissioned to carry the power generated by the 2,100 MW Tanjung Bin Power Station.
Currently, the TNB Group has a complete power supply system, including the National Grid
which is energised at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolt (kV), with its tallest electricity pylon in Malaysia and
Southeast Asia being the Kerinchi Pylon located near Menara Telekom, Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur. The
National Grid is linked via 132 kV HVAC and 300 kV HVDC interconnection to Thailand and 230 kV

cables to Singapore.

Table 1: Transmission Length in Peninsular Malaysia

MGC is a set of technical regulations used by utility companies such as TNB and IPPs in the
Peninsular Malaysia that serves as the main guidelines in electricity supply operation to ensure the
electricity supply in Peninsular Malaysia remains reliable. The Peninsular Malaysia electricity supply
industry structure in terms of functions as used in the MGC are illustrated in following figures:

Figure 2.6: Electricity supply industry structure in Malaysian Grid Code

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