127.

A bicyclist starts from rest and after traveling along a

straight path a distance of 20 m reaches a speed of 30 km/h.
Determine his acceleration if it is constant. Also, how long
does it take to reach the speed of 30 km/h?

SOLUTION
v2 = 30 km>h = 8.33 m>s
v22 = v21 + 2 ac (s2 - s1)
(8.33)2 = 0 + 2 ac (20 - 0)
ac = 1.74 m>s2

Ans.

v2 = v1 + ac t
8.33 = 0 + 1.74(t)
t = 4.80 s

Ans.

1211.
If a particle has an initial velocity of v0 = 12 ft>s to the
right, at s0 = 0, determine its position when t = 10 s, if
a = 2 ft>s2 to the left.

SOLUTION
+ B
A:

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

= 0 + 12(10) +
= 20 ft

1
(-2)(10)2
2
Ans.

1215.
A train starts from rest at station A and accelerates at
0.5 m>s2 for 60 s. Afterwards it travels with a constant
velocity for 15 min. It then decelerates at 1 m>s2 until it is
brought to rest at station B. Determine the distance
between the stations.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: For stage (1) motion, v0 = 0, s0 = 0, t = 60 s, and ac = 0.5 m>s2. Thus,
+ B
A:

s = s0 + v0t +

s1 = 0 + 0 +
+ B
A:

1 2
at
2 c

1
(0.5)(602) = 900 m
2

v = v0 + act
v1 = 0 + 0.5(60) = 30 m>s

For stage (2) motion, v0 = 30 m>s, s0 = 900 m, ac = 0 and t = 15(60) = 900 s. Thus,
+ B
A:

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

s2 = 900 + 30(900) + 0 = 27 900 m

For stage (3) motion, v0 = 30 m>s, v = 0, s0 = 27 900 m and ac = -1 m>s2. Thus,
+ B
A:

v = v0 + act
0 = 30 + (-1)t
t = 30 s

+
:

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

s3 = 27 900 + 30(30) +
= 28 350 m = 28.4 km

1
( -1)(302)
2
Ans.

1223.
Two particles A and B start from rest at the origin s = 0 and
move along a straight line such that a A = (6t - 3) ft>s2 and
a B = (12t2 - 8) ft>s2, where t is in seconds. Determine the
distance between them when t = 4 s and the total distance
each has traveled in t = 4 s.

SOLUTION
Velocity: The velocity of particles A and B can be determined using Eq. 12-2.
dvA = aAdt
vA

dvA =

L0

(6t - 3)dt

L0

vA = 3t2 - 3t
dvB = aBdt
vB

dvB =

L0

(12t2 - 8)dt

L0

vB = 4t3 - 8t
The times when particle A stops are
3t2 - 3t = 0

t = 0 s and = 1 s

The times when particle B stops are

t = 0 s and t = 22 s

4t3 - 8t = 0

Position:The position of particles A and B can be determined using Eq. 12-1.

dsA = vAdt
sA

L0

dsA =

L0

(3t2 - 3t)dt

sA = t3 -

3 2
t
2

dsB = vBdt
sB

L0

dsB =

L0

(4t3 - 8t)dt

sB = t4 - 4t2
The positions of particle A at t = 1 s and 4 s are
sA |t = 1 s = 13 -

3 2
(1 ) = -0.500 ft
2

sA |t = 4 s = 43 -

3 2
(4 ) = 40.0 ft
2

Particle A has traveled

dA = 2(0.5) + 40.0 = 41.0 ft

Ans.

The positions of particle B at t = 22 s and 4 s are

sB |t = 12 = (22)4 - 4(22)2 = -4 ft
sB |t = 4 = (4)4 - 4(4)2 = 192 ft
Particle B has traveled
dB = 2(4) + 192 = 200 ft

Ans.

At t = 4 s the distance beween A and B is

sAB = 192 - 40 = 152 ft

Ans.

1225.
A sphere is fired downwards into a medium with an initial
speed of 27 m>s. If it experiences a deceleration of
a = ( -6t) m>s2, where t is in seconds, determine the
distance traveled before it stops.

SOLUTION
Velocity: v0 = 27 m>s at t0 = 0 s. Applying Eq. 122, we have

A+TB

dv = adt
v

L27

dv =

L0

- 6tdt

v = A 27 - 3t2 B m>s

(1)

At v = 0, from Eq. (1)

0 = 27 - 3t2

t = 3.00 s

Distance Traveled: s0 = 0 m at t0 = 0 s. Using the result v = 27 - 3t2 and applying

Eq. 121, we have

A+TB

ds = vdt
s

L0

ds =

L0

A 27 - 3t2 B dt

s = A 27t - t3 B m

(2)

At t = 3.00 s, from Eq. (2)

s = 27(3.00) - 3.003 = 54.0 m

Ans.

1230.
As a train accelerates uniformly it passes successive
kilometer marks while traveling at velocities of 2 m>s and
then 10 m>s. Determine the trains velocity when it passes
the next kilometer mark and the time it takes to travel the
2-km distance.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: For the first kilometer of the journey, v0 = 2 m>s, v = 10 m>s, s0 = 0,
and s = 1000 m. Thus,
+ B
A:

v2 = v0 2 + 2ac (s - s0)
102 = 22 + 2ac (1000 - 0)
ac = 0.048 m>s2

For the second kilometer,

ac = 0.048 m>s2. Thus,
+ B
A:

v0 = 10 m>s,

s0 = 1000 m,

s = 2000 m,

and

v2 = v0 2 + 2ac (s - s0)
v2 = 102 + 2(0.048)(2000 - 1000)
v = 14 m>s

Ans.

For the whole journey, v0 = 2 m>s, v = 14 m>s, and ac = 0.048 m>s.2 Thus,
+ B
A:

v = v0 + act
14 = 2 + 0.048t
t = 250 s

Ans.

1234.
A boy throws a ball straight up from the top of a 12-m high
tower. If the ball falls past him 0.75 s later, determine the
velocity at which it was thrown, the velocity of the ball when
it strikes the ground, and the time of flight.

SOLUTION
Kinematics: When the ball passes the boy, the displacement of the ball in equal to zero.
Thus, s = 0. Also, s0 = 0, v0 = v1, t = 0.75 s, and ac = -9.81 m>s2.

A+cB

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

0 = 0 + v110.752 +

1
1-9.81210.7522
2

v1 = 3.679 m>s = 3.68 m>s

Ans.

When the ball strikes the ground, its displacement from the roof top is s = -12 m.
Also, v0 = v1 = 3.679 m>s, t = t2, v = v2, and ac = -9.81 m>s2.

A+cB

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

-12 = 0 + 3.679t2 +

1
1-9.812t22
2

4.905t22 - 3.679t2 - 12 = 0
t2 =

3.679 ; 21-3.67922 - 414.90521-122

214.9052

Choosing the positive root, we have

t2 = 1.983 s = 1.98 s

Ans.

Using this result,

A+cB

v = v0 + act

v2 = 3.679 + 1 -9.81211.9832
= -15.8 m>s = 15.8 m>s T

Ans.

1245.
The elevator starts from rest at the first floor of the
building. It can accelerate at 5 ft>s2 and then decelerate at
2 ft>s2. Determine the shortest time it takes to reach a floor
40 ft above the ground. The elevator starts from rest and
then stops. Draw the at, vt, and st graphs for the motion.

40 ft

SOLUTION
+ c v2 = v1 + act1
vmax = 0 + 5 t1
+ c v3 = v2 + ac t
0 = vmax - 2 t2
Thus
t1 = 0.4 t2
+ c s2 = s1 + v1t1 +
h = 0 + 0 +

1 2
a t1
2 c

1
(5)(t21) = 2.5 t21
2

+ c 40 - h = 0 + vmaxt2 -

1
(2) t22
2

+ c v2 = v21 + 2 ac(s - s1)

v2max = 0 + 2(5)(h - 0)
v2max = 10h
0 = v2max + 2(- 2)(40 - h)
v2max = 160 - 4h
Thus,
10 h = 160 - 4h
h = 11.429 ft
vmax = 10.69 ft>s
t1 = 2.138 s
t2 = 5.345 s
t = t1 + t2 = 7.48 s
When t = 2.145, v = vmax = 10.7 ft>s
and h = 11.4 ft.

Ans.

1247.
The vs graph for a go-cart traveling on a straight road is
shown. Determine the acceleration of the go-cart at
s = 50 m and s = 150 m. Draw the as graph.

v (m/s)

SOLUTION
For 0 s 6 100
v = 0.08 s,

100

dv = 0.08 ds

a ds = (0.08 s)(0.08 ds)

a = 6.4(10 - 3) s
At s = 50 m,

a = 0.32 m>s2

Ans.

For 100 6 s 6 200

v = - 0.08 s + 16,
dv = - 0.08 ds
a ds = (- 0.08 s + 16)(- 0.08 ds)
a = 0.08(0.08 s - 16)
At s = 150 m,

a = - 0.32 m>s2

Ans.

Also,
v dv = a ds
a = v(

dv
)
ds

At s = 50 m,
a = 4(

8
) = 0.32 m>s2
100

Ans.

At s = 150 m,
a = 4(

-8
) = -0.32 m>s2
100

At s = 100 m, a changes from amax = 0.64 m>s2

to amin = -0.64 m>s2 .

Ans.

200

s (m)

1249.
The vt graph for a particle moving through an electric field
from one plate to another has the shape shown in the figure,
where t = 0.2 s and vmax = 10 m>s. Draw the st and at graphs
for the particle. When t = t>2 the particle is at s = 0.5 m.

smax

v
s

vmax

SOLUTION
For 0 6 t 6 0.1 s,
t/ 2

v = 100 t
dv
= 100
dt

a =

ds = v dt
s

L0

ds =

L0

100 t dt

s = 50 t 2
When t = 0.1 s,
s = 0.5 m
For 0.1 s 6 t 6 0.2 s,
v = -100 t + 20
a =

dv
= - 100
dt

ds = v dt
s

L0.5

ds =

1-100t + 202dt
L0.1

s - 0.5 = ( - 50 t 2 + 20 t - 1.5)
s = - 50 t 2 + 20 t - 1
When t = 0.2 s,
s = 1m
When t = 0.1 s, s = 0.5 m and a changes from 100 m/s2
to -100 m/s2. When t = 0.2 s, s = 1 m.

1253.
A two-stage missile is fired vertically from rest with the
acceleration shown. In 15 s the first stage A burns out and
the second stage B ignites. Plot the v-t and s -t graphs
which describe the two-stage motion of the missile for
0 t 20 s.

a (m/s2)

SOLUTION

25

B
A

18

Since v =
vt graph.

a dt, the constant lines of the at graph become sloping lines for the

The numerical values for each point are calculated from the total area under the
at graph to the point.
At t = 15 s,

v = (18)(15) = 270 m>s

At t = 20 s,

v = 270 + (25)(20 - 15) = 395 m>s

Since s =
st graph.

t (s)
15

v dt, the sloping lines of the vt graph become parabolic curves for the

The numerical values for each point are calculated from the total area under the vt
graph to the point.
1
(15)(270) = 2025 m
2

At t = 15 s,

s =

At t = 20 s,

s = 2025 + 270(20 - 15) +

1
(395 - 270)(20 - 15) = 3687.5 m = 3.69 km
2

Also:
0 t 15:
a = 18 m>s 2
v = v0 + ac t = 0 + 18t
s = s0 + v0 t +

1
a t2 = 0 + 0 + 9t2
2 c

When t = 15:
v = 18(15) = 270 m>s
s = 9(15)2 = 2025 m = 2.025 km
15 t 20:
a = 25 m>s 2
v = v0 + ac t = 270 + 25(t - 15)
s = s0 + v0 t +

1
1
ac t2 = 2025 + 270(t - 15) + (25)(t - 15)2
2
2

When t = 20:
v = 395 m>s
s = 3687.5 m = 3.69 km

20

1259.
An airplane lands on the straight runway, originally traveling
at 110 ft> s when s = 0. If it is subjected to the decelerations
shown, determine the time t needed to stop the plane and
construct the st graph for the motion.

a (ft/s2)
5
3

SOLUTION

v0 = 110 ft>s
v = 1 a dt
0 - 110 = - 3(15 - 5) - 8(20 - 15) - 3(t - 20)
t = 33.3 s
= 550 ft

st=

5s

st=

15s

= 1500 ft

st=

20s

= 1800 ft

st=

33.3s

= 2067 ft

Ans.

15

20

t'

t (s)

1265.
Two cars start from rest side by side and travel along a
straight road. Car A accelerates at 4 m>s2 for 10 s and then
maintains a constant speed. Car B accelerates at 5 m>s2
until reaching a constant speed of 25 m/s and then
maintains this speed. Construct the at, vt, and st graphs
for each car until t = 15 s. What is the distance between the
two cars when t = 15 s?

SOLUTION
Car A:
v = v0 + ac t
vA = 0 + 4t
At t = 10 s, vA = 40 m>s
s = s0 + v0t +
sA = 0 + 0 +

1 2
at
2 c
1
(4)t2 = 2t2
2

At t = 10 s,

sA = 200 m

t 7 10 s,

ds = v dt
sA

L200

ds =

L10

40 dt

sA = 40t - 200
At t = 15 s,

sA = 400 m

Car B:
v = v0 + a c t
vB = 0 + 5t
When vB = 25 m/s,

t =

25
= 5s
5

s = s0 + v0t +
sB = 0 + 0 +

1 2
at
2 c

1
(5)t2 = 2.5t2
2

When t = 10 s, vA = (vA)max = 40 m/s and sA = 200 m.

When t = 5 s, sB = 62.5 m.
When t = 15 s, sA = 400 m and sB = 312.5 m.

1265. continued
At t = 5 s,

sB = 62.5 m

t 7 5 s,

ds = v dt
sB

L62.5

ds =

L5

25 dt

sB - 62.5 = 25t - 125

sB = 25t - 62.5
When t = 15 s,

sB = 312.5

Distance between the cars is

s = sA - sB = 400 - 312.5 = 87.5 m
Car A is ahead of car B.

Ans.

1270.
The boat travels along a straight line with the speed
described by the graph. Construct the st and a - s graphs.
Also, determine the time required for the boat to travel a
distance s = 400 m if s = 0 when t = 0.

v (m/s)

80

SOLUTION
s t Graph: For 0 s 6 100 m, the initial condition is s = 0 when t = 0 s.
+ B
A:

ds
dt =
v
t

v2

4s

ds
dt =
L0 2s1>2
L0
t = s1>2

20
s (m)

s = A t2 B m

100

When s = 100 m,
100 = t2

t = 10 s

For 100 m 6 s 400 m, the initial condition is s = 100 m when t = 10 s.

+ B
A:

0.2s

ds
v

dt =
t

dt =

ds

L10 s

L100 m 0.2s
s
t - 10 = 5ln
100
s
t
- 2 = ln
5
100
s
et>5 - 2 =
100
s
et>5
=
100
e2
s = A 13.53et>5 B m

When s = 400 m,
400 = 13.53et>5
t = 16.93 s = 16.9 s
The st graph is shown in Fig. a.
a s Graph: For 0 m s 6 100 m,
a = v

dv
= A 2s1>2 B A s - 1>2 B = 2 m>s2
ds

For 100 m 6 s 400 m,

a = v

dv
= (0.2s)(0.2) = 0.04s
ds

When s = 100 m and 400 m,

a s = 100 m = 0.04(100) = 4 m>s2
a s = 400 m = 0.04(400) = 16 m>s2
The as graph is shown in Fig. b.

Ans.

400

1281.
The position of a crate sliding down a ramp is given by
x = (0.25t3) m, y = (1.5t2) m, z = (6 - 0.75t5>2) m, where t
is in seconds. Determine the magnitude of the crates
velocity and acceleration when t = 2 s.

SOLUTION
Velocity: By taking the time derivative of x, y, and z, we obtain the x, y, and z
components of the crates velocity.
d
#
vx = x =
A 0.25t3 B = A 0.75t2 B m>s
dt
d
#
vy = y =
A 1.5t2 B = A 3t B m>s
dt
d
#
vz = z =
A 6 - 0.75t5>2 B =
dt

A -1.875t3>2 B m>s

When t = 2 s,
vx = 0.75 A 22 B = 3 m>s

vz = -1.875 A 2 B 3>2 = -5.303 m/s

vy = 3(2) = 6 m>s

Thus, the magnitude of the crates velocity is

v = 2vx 2 + vy 2 + vz 2 = 232 + 62 + (-5.303)2 = 8.551 ft>s = 8.55 ft

Ans.

Acceleration: The x, y, and z components of the crates acceleration can be obtained

by taking the time derivative of the results of vx, vy, and vz, respectively.
d
#
ax = vx =
A 0.75t2 B = (1.5t) m>s2
dt
d
#
ay = vy =
(3t) = 3 m>s2
dt
d
#
az = vz =
A -1.875t3>2 B =
dt

A -2.815t1>2 B m>s2

When t = 2 s,
ax = 1.5(2) = 3 m>s2

ay = 3 m>s2

az = -2.8125 A 21>2 B = -3.977 m>s2

Thus, the magnitude of the crates acceleration is

a = 2ax 2 + ay 2 + az 2 = 232 + 32 + (-3.977)2 = 5.815 m>s2 = 5.82 m>s

Ans.

1286.
y

When a rocket reaches an altitude of 40 m it begins to travel

along the parabolic path 1y - 4022 = 160x, where the
coordinates are measured in meters. If the component of
velocity in the vertical direction is constant at vy = 180 m>s,
determine the magnitudes of the rockets velocity and
acceleration when it reaches an altitude of 80 m.

(y

40)2

160x

SOLUTION
vy = 180 m>s
40 m

(y - 40)2 = 160 x
2(y - 40)vy = 160vx

(1)

2(80 - 40)(180) = 160vx

vx = 90 m>s
v = 2902 + 1802 = 201 m>s
ay =

d vy
dt

Ans.

= 0

From Eq. 1,
2 v2y + 2(y - 40)ay = 160 ax
2(180)2 + 0 = 160 ax
ax = 405 m>s2
a = 405 m>s2

Ans.

1287.
Pegs A and B are restricted to move in the elliptical slots
due to the motion of the slotted link. If the link moves with
a constant speed of 10 m/s, determine the magnitude of the
velocity and acceleration of peg A when x = 1 m.

A
D

SOLUTION

Velocity: The x and y components of the pegs velocity can be related by taking the
first time derivative of the paths equation.
x2
+ y2 = 1
4
1
#
#
(2xx) + 2yy = 0
4
1 #
#
xx + 2yy = 0
2
or
1
xv + 2yvy = 0
2 x

(1)

At x = 1 m,
(1)2
+ y2 = 1
4

y =

23
m
2

Here, vx = 10 m>s and x = 1. Substituting these values into Eq. (1),

1
23
(1)(10) + 2
vy = 0
2
2

vy = -2.887 m>s = 2.887 m>s T

Thus, the magnitude of the pegs velocity is

v = 2vx 2 + vy 2 = 2102 + 2.8872 = 10.4 m>s

Ans.

Acceleration: The x and y components of the pegs acceleration can be related by

taking the second time derivative of the paths equation.
1 # #
##
##
# #
(xx + xx) + 2(yy + yy) = 0
2
1 #2
##
##
#
A x + xx B + 2 A y 2 + yy B = 0
2
or
1
A v 2 + xax B + 2 A vy 2 + yay B = 0
2 x
Since vx is constant, ax = 0. When x = 1 m, y =

(2)
23
m, vx = 10 m>s, and
2

vy = -2.887 m>s. Substituting these values into Eq. (2),

23
1
a d = 0
A 102 + 0 B + 2 c (- 2.887)2 +
2
2 y
ay = -38.49 m>s2 = 38.49 m>s2 T
Thus, the magnitude of the pegs acceleration is
a = 2ax 2 + ay 2 = 202 + (- 38.49)2 = 38.5 m>s2

Ans.

B
x2
4

y2

x
10 m/s

*1288.
The van travels over the hill described by
y = (- 1.5(103) x2 + 15) ft. If it has a constant speed of
75 ft>s, determine the x and y components of the vans
velocity and acceleration when x = 50 ft.

y
15 ft

( 1.5 (10 3) x2
x

SOLUTION

100 ft

Velocity: The x and y components of the vans velocity can be related by taking the
first time derivative of the paths equation using the chain rule.
y = -1.5 A 10 - 3 B x2 + 15
#
#
y = -3 A 10 - 3 B xx
or

vy = -3 A 10 - 3 B xvx

When x = 50 ft,

vy = -3 A 10 - 3 B (50)vx = -0.15vx

(1)

The magnitude of the vans velocity is

v = 2vx 2 + vy 2

(2)

Substituting v = 75 ft>s and Eq. (1) into Eq. (2),

75 = 2vx 2 + (- 0.15vx)2
vx = 74.2 ft>s ;

Ans.

Substituting the result of nx into Eq. (1), we obtain

vy = -0.15(- 74.17) = 11.12 ft>s = 11.1 ft>s c

Ans.

Acceleration: The x and y components of the vans acceleration can be related by

taking the second time derivative of the paths equation using the chain rule.
$
# #
##
y = -3 A 10 - 3 B (xx + xx)
or

ay = -3 A 10 - 3 B A vx 2 + xax B

When x = 50 ft, vx = -74.17 ft>s. Thus,

ay = -3 A 10 - 3 B c (- 74.17)2 + 50ax d
ay = -(16.504 + 0.15ax)

(3)

Since the van travels with a constant speed along the path,its acceleration along the tangent
of the path is equal to zero. Here, the angle that the tangent makes with the horizontal at
dy
x = 50 ft is u = tan - 1 2
= tan - 1 c -3 A 10 - 3 B x d 2
= tan - 1(- 0.15) = -8.531.
dx x = 50 ft
x = 50 ft
Thus, from the diagram shown in Fig. a,
ax cos 8.531 - ay sin 8.531 = 0

(4)

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4) yields

ax = -2.42 ft>s = 2.42 ft>s2 ;

Ans.

ay = -16.1 ft>s = 16.1 ft>s2 T

Ans.

15) ft

1293.
The player kicks a football with an initial speed of
v0 = 90 ft>s. Determine the time the ball is in the air and
the angle u of the kick.
v0
u
A

126 ft

SOLUTION
Coordinate System: The x y coordinate system will be set with its origin coinciding
with starting point of the football.
x-motion: Here, x0 = 0, x = 126 ft, and (v0)x = 90 cos u
+ B
A:

x = x0 + (v0)x t
126 = 0 + (90 cos u) t
t =

126
90 cos u

(1)

y-motion: Here, y0 = y = 0, (v0)y = 90 sin u, and ay = -g = -32.2 ft. Thus,

A+cB

y = y0 + (v0)y t +

1
a t2
2 y

O = 0 + (90 sin u)t +

1
( -32.2)t2
2

O = (90 sin u)t - 16.1t2

(2)

Substitute Eq. (1) into (2) yields

O = 90 sin u
O =

2
126
126
- 16.1

90 cos u
90 cos u

126 sin u
31.556
cos u
cos2 u

O = 126 sin u cos u - 31.556

(3)

Using the trigonometry identity sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u, Eq. (3) becomes
63 sin 2u = 31.556
sin 2u = 0.5009
2u = 30.06 or 149.94
u = 15.03 = 15.0 or u = 74.97 = 75.0

Ans.

If u = 15.03,
t =

126
= 1.45 s
90 cos 15.03

Ans.

126
= 5.40 s
90 cos 74.97

Ans.

If u = 74.97,
t =
Thus,

u = 15.0, t = 1.45 s
u = 75.0, t = 5.40 s

1299.
Measurements of a shot recorded on a videotape during a
basketball game are shown. The ball passed through the
hoop even though it barely cleared the hands of the player B
who attempted to block it. Neglecting the size of the ball,
determine the magnitude vA of its initial velocity and the
height h of the ball when it passes over player B.

C
30

vA

B
h

A
7 ft

25 ft

SOLUTION
+ )
(:

s = s0 + v0t
30 = 0 + vA cos 30 tAC

(+ c )

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
at
2 c

10 = 7 + vA sin 30 tAC -

1
(32.2)(t2AC)
2

Solving
vA = 36.73 = 36.7 ft>s

Ans.

tAC = 0.943 s
+ )
(:

s = s0 + v0t
25 = 0 + 36.73 cos 30 tAB

(+ c )

s = s0 + v0t +

1 2
act
2

h = 7 + 36.73 sin 30 tAB -

1
(32.2)(t2AB)
2

Solving
tAB = 0.786 s
h = 11.5 ft

Ans.

5 ft

10 ft

12103.
The ball is thrown from the tower with a velocity of 20 ft/s
as shown. Determine the x and y coordinates to where the
ball strikes the slope. Also, determine the speed at which
the ball hits the ground.

SOLUTION

y
20 ft/s
5

80 ft
1

Assume ball hits slope.

+ B
A:

s = s0 + v0 t
x = 0 +

A+cB

3
(20)t = 12t
5

x
20 ft

s = s0 + v0 t +
y = 80 +

1 2
a t
2 c

4
1
(20)t + ( -32.2)t2 = 80 + 16t - 16.1t2
5
2

Equation of slope: y - y1 = m(x - x1)

y - 0 =

1
(x - 20)
2

y = 0.5x - 10
Thus,
80 + 16t - 16.1t2 = 0.5(12t) - 10
16.1t2 - 10t - 90 = 0
Choosing the positive root:
t = 2.6952 s
x = 12(2.6952) = 32.3 ft

Ans.

Since 32.3 ft 7 20 ft, assumption is valid.

y = 80 + 16(2.6952) - 16.1(2.6952)2 = 6.17 ft
+ B
A:

vx = (v0)x =

A+cB

vy = (v0)y + act =

v =

Ans.

3
(20) = 12 ft>s
5
4
(20) + (-32.2)(2.6952) = -70.785 ft>s
5

(12)2 + (-70.785)2 = 71.8 ft s

Ans.

12107.
The ball at A is kicked such that uA = 30. If it strikes the
ground at B having coordinates x = 15 ft, y = - 9 ft,
determine the speed at which it is kicked and the speed at
which it strikes the ground.

y
vA
A

x
y

SOLUTION

B
y = 0.04x 2

+ )s = s + v t
(:
0
0

15 = 0 + vA cos 30 t
( + c ) s = s0 + v0 t +

1 2
a t
2 c

-9 = 0 + vA sin 30 t +

1
(-32.2)t2
2

vA = 16.5 ft>s

Ans.

t = 1.047 s
+ ) (v ) = 16.54 cos 30 = 14.32 ft>s
(:
B x
(+ c ) v = v0 + ac t
(vB)y = 16.54 sin 30 + (-32.2)(1.047)
= - 25.45 ft>s
vB =

(14.32)2 + (-25.45)2 = 29.2 ft s

Ans.

12111.
The fireman wishes to direct the flow of water from his hose
to the fire at B. Determine two possible angles u1 and u2 at
which this can be done. Water flows from the hose at
vA = 80 ft>s.

A
u
vA
20 ft
B

SOLUTION
+ B
A:

s = s0 + v0 t
35 ft

35 = 0 + (80)(cos u )t

A+cB

s = s0 + v0 t +

1 2
act
2

- 20 = 0 - 80 (sin u)t +

1
(-32.2)t 2
2

Thus,
20 = 80 sin u

0.1914
0.4375
t + 16.1

cos u
cos2 u

20 cos2 u = 17.5 sin 2u + 3.0816

Solving,
u1 = 24.9

(below the horizontal)

Ans.

u2 = 85.2

(above the horizontal)

Ans.

12123.
The speedboat travels at a constant speed of 15 m> s while
making a turn on a circular curve from A to B. If it takes
45 s to make the turn, determine the magnitude of the
boats acceleration during the turn.

A
r

SOLUTION
Acceleration: During the turn, the boat travels s = vt = 15(45) = 675 m. Thus, the
675
s
=
m. Since the boat has a constant speed,
radius of the circular path is r =
p
p
at = 0. Thus,
a = an =

v2
=
r

152
= 1.05 m>s2
675
a
b
p

Ans.

12130.
When the motorcyclist is at A, he increases his speed along
#
the vertical circular path at the rate of v = (0.04s) ft>s2
where s is in ft. If he starts at vA = 2 ft>s where s = 0 at A,
determine the magnitude of his velocity when he reaches B.
Also, what is his initial acceleration?

300 ft

SOLUTION

v dv =

at ds

v dv =

L2

L0

0.04s ds
s

v2 2
= 0.0252 2
2 2
0
v2
- 2 = 0.0252
2
v2 = 0.0452 + 4 = 0.041s2 + 1002
v = 0.2 2s2 + 100
At B, s = ru = 300 A p3 B = 100p ft. Thus
v2

= 0.22(100p22 + 100 = 62.9 ft>s

s = 100p ft

Acceleration: At t = 0, s = 0, and v = 2.
#
at = v = 0.04 s
at 2

= 0
s=0

an =
an 2

300 ft

#
Velocity: At s = 0, v = 2. Here, ac = v = 0.045. Then
L

60

v2
r
=

s=0

1222
300

= 0.01333 ft>s2

a = 21022 + 10.0133322 = 0.0133 ft>s2

Ans.

12135.
A boat is traveling along a circular path having a radius of
20 m. Determine the magnitude of the boats acceleration
when the speed is v = 5 m>s and the rate of increase in the
#
speed is v = 2 m>s2.

SOLUTION
at = 2 m>s2
an =

y2
52
= 1.25 m>s2
=
r
20

a = 2a2t + a2n = 222 + 1.252 = 2.36 m>s2

Ans.

12139.
The motorcycle is traveling at a constant speed of 60 km> h.
Determine the magnitude of its acceleration when it is at
point A.

y2 2x
A

x
25 m

SOLUTION
Radius of Curvature:
y = 22x1>2
dy
1
= 22x - 1>2
dx
2
d2y
dx2

= -

1
22x - 3>2
4

B1 + a
r =

dy 2 3>2
b R
dx

d2y

`
dx2

1
2

B 1 + 22x - 1>2 R
=

3>2

1
` - 22x - 3>2 `
4

= 364.21 m
x = 25 m

Acceleration: The speed of the motorcycle at a is

v = 60

an =

km 1000 m
1h

= 16.67 m>s
h
1 km
3600 s

v2
16.672
=
= 0.7627 m>s2
r
364.21

Since the motorcycle travels with a constant speed, at = 0. Thus, the magnitude of
the motorcycles acceleration at A is
a = 2at 2 + an2 = 202 + 0.76272 = 0.763 m>s2

Ans.

12147.
A boy sits on a merry-go-round so that he is always located
at r = 8 ft from the center of rotation. The merry-go-round
is originally at rest, and then due to rotation the boys speed
is increased at 2 ft>s2. Determine the time needed for his
acceleration to become 4 ft>s2.

SOLUTION
a = 2a2n + a2t
at = 2
v = v0 + act
v = 0 + 2t
an =

(2t)2
v2
=
r
8

4 =

(2)2 + a

16 = 4 +
t = 2.63 s

(2t)2 2
b
8

16 t4
64
Ans.

12149.
The two particles A and B start at the origin O and travel in
opposite directions along the circular path at constant
speeds vA = 0.7 m>s and vB = 1.5 m>s, respectively.
Determine in t = 2 s, (a) the displacement along the path
of each particle, (b) the position vector to each particle, and
(c) the shortest distance between the particles.

SOLUTION
(a)

sA = 0.7(2) = 1.40 m

Ans.

sB = 1.5(2) = 3 m

Ans.

5m

(b)

1.40
uA =
= 0.280 rad. = 16.04
5
uB =

A
vB

For A
x = 5 sin 16.04 = 1.382 = 1.38 m
y = 5(1 - cos 16.04) = 0.1947 = 0.195 m
Ans.

For B
x = -5 sin 34.38 = -2.823 = -2.82 m
y = 5(1 -cos 34.38) = 0.8734 = 0.873 m
rB = { - 2.82i + 0.873j} m
(c)

Ans.

r = rB - rA = {-4.20i + 0.678j} m
r = 31- 4.2022 + 10.67822 = 4.26 m

O
vA

3
= 0.600 rad. = 34.38
5

rA = {1.38i + 0.195j} m

1.5 m/s

Ans.

0.7 m/s

12155.
The race car travels around the circular track with a speed of
16 m>s. When it reaches point A it increases its speed at
at = (43 v1>4) m>s2, where v is in m>s. Determine the
magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the car when
it reaches point B. Also, how much time is required for it to
travel from A to B?

y
A

200 m

SOLUTION

4 1
at = v4
3
dv = at dt
dv =

4 1
v 4 dt
3

L16
3

dv

0.75

v4

L0

dt

v4 16 = t
3

v4 - 8 = t
4

v = (t + 8)3
ds = v dt
s

L0

ds =

L0

(t + 8)3 dt
t

s =

7
3
(t + 8)3 2
7
0

s =

7
3
(t + 8)3 - 54.86
7

For s =

7
3
p
(200) = 100p = (t + 8)3 - 54.86
2
7

t = 10.108 s = 10.1 s
4

v = (10.108 + 8)3 = 47.551 = 47.6 m>s

at =
an =

Ans.
Ans.

1
4
(47.551)4 = 3.501 m>s2
3

(47.551)2
v2
= 11.305 m>s2
=
r
200

a = 2(3.501)2 + (11.305)2 = 11.8 m>s2

Ans.

12159.
A particle is moving along a circular path having a radius
of 4 in. such that its position as a function of time is given
by u = cos 2t, where u is in radians and t is in seconds.
Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle
when u = 30.

SOLUTION
When u =

p
6

rad,

p
6

= cos 2t

t = 0.5099 s

#
du
= - 2 sin 2t 2
u =
= - 1.7039 rad>s
dt
t = 0.5099 s
$
d2u
= - 2.0944 rad>s2
u = 2 = - 4 cos 2t 2
dt
t = 0.5099 s
r = 4

#
r = 0

$
r = 0

#
$
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 4(-1.7039)2 = - 11.6135 in.>s2
$
##
au = ru + 2ru = 4(-2.0944) + 0 = - 8.3776 in.>s2
a =

a2r + a2u =

( -11.6135)2 + (-8.3776)2 = 14.3 in. s2

Ans.

12167.
The car travels along the circular curve having a radius
r = # 400 ft. At the instant shown, its angular rate of rotation
is
$ u = 0.025 rad>s, which is decreasing at the rate
u = -0.008 rad>s2. Determine the radial and transverse
components of the cars velocity and acceleration at this
instant and sketch these components on the curve.

r
.
u

SOLUTION
r = 400
#
u = 0.025

#
r = 0

$
r = 0

u = -0.008

#
vr = r = 0
#
vu = ru = 400(0.025) = 10 ft>s
#
$
ar = r - r u2 = 0 - 400(0.025)2 = -0.25 ft>s2
$
# #
au = r u + 2 r u = 400(- 0.008) + 0 = -3.20 ft>s2

Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.

400 ft

12171.
The slotted link is pinned
# at O, and as a result of the
constant angular velocity u = 3 rad>s it drives the peg P for
a short distance along the spiral guide r = 10.4u2 m, where
u is in radians. Determine the radial and transverse
components of the velocity and acceleration of P at the
instant u = p>3 rad.

0.5 m

P
r

3 rad/s

SOLUTION

#
u = 3 rad>s r = 0.4 u
#
#
r = 0.4 u
$
$
r = 0.4 u

At u =

p
,
3

u
O

r = 0.4189
#
r = 0.4(3) = 1.20
$
r = 0.4(0) = 0

#
v = r = 1.20 m>s
#
vu = r u = 0.4189(3) = 1.26 m>s
#
$
ar = r - ru2 = 0 - 0.4189(3)2 = - 3.77 m>s2
$
##
au = r u + 2ru = 0 + 2(1.20)(3) = 7.20 m>s2

Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.

0.4 u

12173.
The slotted link is pinned
# at O, and as a result of the
constant angular velocity u = 3 rad>s it drives the peg P for
a short distance along the spiral guide r = 10.4u2 m, where
u is in radians. Determine the velocity and acceleration of
the particle at the instant it leaves the slot in the link, i.e.,
when r = 0.5 m.

0.5 m

P
r

SOLUTION

r = 0.4 u
#
#
r = 0.4 u
$
$
r = 0.4 u
#
u = 3
$
u = 0

At r = 0.5 m,
u =

0.5
= 1.25 rad
0.4

#
r = 1.20
$
r = 0
#
vr = r = 1.20 m>s
#
vu = r u = 0.5(3) = 1.50 m>s
#
$
ar = r - r(u)2 = 0 - 0.5(3)2 = -4.50 m>s2
$
##
au = ru + 2ru = 0 + 2(1.20)(3) = 7.20 m>s2

3 rad/s

Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.

0.4u

12179.
A block moves outward along the slot in the platform with
#
a speed of r = 14t2 m>s, where t is in seconds. The platform
rotates at a constant rate of 6 rad/s. If the block starts from
rest at the center, determine the magnitudes of its velocity
and acceleration when t = 1 s.

= 6 rad/s
r

SOLUTION
#
r = 4t|t = 1 = 4
#
$
u = 6
u = 0
1

L0

dr =

$
r = 4

L0

4t dt

r = 2t2 D 10 = 2 m

#
#
v = 3 A r B 2 + A ru B 2 = 2 (4)2 + [2(6)]2 = 12.6 m>s
#
$
$
##
a =
r - ru2 2 + ru + 2 ru 2 =
[4 - 2(6)2 ]2 + [0 + 2(4)(6)]2

= 83.2 m s

Ans.
Ans.

12185.
If the slotted arm AB rotates# counterclockwise with a
constant angular velocity of u = 2 rad>s, determine the
magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of peg P at
u = 30. The peg is constrained to move in the slots of the
fixed bar CD and rotating bar AB.

P
r (4 sec u) ft

SOLUTION

4 ft

Time Derivatives:
r = 4 sec u
#
#
r = (4 secu(tanu)u ) ft>s
#
#
#
$
$
r = 4 [secu(tanu)u + u (sec u (sec2u)u + tan u secu(tan u)u )]
#
#
= 4[secu(tanu)u + u2(sec3u + tan2u secu)] ft>s2

#
u = 2 rad>s
$
u = 0

When u = 30,
r|u = 30 = 4 sec 30 = 4.619 ft
#
r |u = 30 = (4 sec30 tan30)(2) = 5.333 ft>s
$
r |u = 30 = 4[0 + 2 2(sec3 30 + tan2 30 sec 30)] = 30.79 ft>s2
Velocity:
#
vr = r = 5.333 ft>s

#
vu = ru = 4.619(2) = 9.238 ft>s

Thus, the magnitude of the pegs velocity is

v = 2vr2 + vu2 = 25.3332 + 9.2382 = 10.7 ft>s

Ans.

Acceleration:
#
$
ar = r - ru2 = 30.79 - 4.619(2 2) = 12.32 ft>s2
$
##
au = ru + 2ru = 0 + 2(5.333)(2) = 21.23 ft>s2
Thus, the magnitude of the pegs acceleration is
a = 2ar2 + au2 = 212.32 2 + 21.232 = 24.6 ft>s2

Ans.

12189.
The box slides down the helical ramp with a constant speed
of v = 2 m>s. Determine the magnitude of its acceleration.
The ramp descends a vertical distance of 1 m for every full
revolution. The mean radius of the ramp is r = 0.5 m.

0.5 m

SOLUTION
Velocity: The inclination angle of the ramp is f = tan-1

L
1
= tan-1 B
R = 17.66.
2pr
2p(0.5)

Thus, from Fig. a, vu = 2 cos 17.66 = 1.906 m>s and vz = 2 sin 17.66 = 0.6066 m>s. Thus,
#
vu = ru
#
1.906 = 0.5u
#
u = 3.812 rad>s
#
$
#
$
Acceleration: Since r = 0.5 m is constant, r = r = 0. Also, u is constant, then u = 0.
Using the above results,
#
$
ar = r - r u2 = 0 - 0.5(3.812)2 = - 7.264 m>s2
$
##
au = r u + 2ru = 0.5(0) + 2(0)(3.812) = 0
Since vz is constant az = 0. Thus, the magnitude of the boxs acceleration is
a =

ar 2 + au 2 + az 2 =

(-7.264)2 + 02 + 02 = 7.26 m>s2

Ans.

12197.
The partial surface of the cam is that of a logarithmic spiral
r = (40e0.05u) mm, where u is in #radians. If the cam is rotating
at a constant angular rate of u = 4 rad>s, determine the
magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the follower
rod at the instant u = 30.
u

SOLUTION
r = 40e0.05 u
#
#
r = 2e 0.05u u

# 2
$
$
r = 0.1e 0.0 5 u a u b + 2e 0.05 u u
u =

p
6

#
u = -4
$
u = 0
r = 40e 0.05A 6 B = 41.0610
p

p
#
r = 2e 0.05A 6 B (-4) = -8.2122
p
$
r = 0.1e 0.05A 6 B (-4) 2 + 0 = 1.64244

#
v = r = -8.2122 = 8.21 mm >s
#
$
a = r - r u2 = 1.642 44 - 41.0610(-4) 2 = -665.33 = -665 mm>s 2

Ans.
Ans.

4 rad/s

40e0.05u

12198.
Solve
if the cam has an angular# acceleration
$ Prob. 12197,
2
of
u
=
2
rad>s
when
its angular velocity is u = 4 rad>s at
#
u = 30.

SOLUTION

r = 40e0.05u
#
#
r = 2e0.05uu

u 4 rad/s

#
$
$
r = 0.1e0.05u A u B 2 + 2e0.05uu

u =

p
p
$
r = 0.1e0.05A 6 B(-4)2 + 2e0.05A 6 B(-2) = -2.4637

#
v = r = 8.2122 = 8.21 mm>s

p
6

#
u = -4
$
u = -2

#
$
a = r - ru 2 = -2.4637 - 41.0610(-4)2 = -659 mm>s2

r = 40e0.05A 6 B = 41.0610
p

p
#
r = 2e0.05AA 6 B (-4) = -8.2122

r 40e0.05u

12203.
Determine the displacement of the log if the truck at C
pulls the cable 4 ft to the right.
B

SOLUTION
2sB + (sB - sC) = l
3sB - sC = l
3sB - sC = 0
Since sC = -4, then
3sB = -4
sB = -1.33 ft = 1.33 ft :

Ans.

*12212.
The cylinder C is being lifted using the cable and pulley
system shown. If point A on the cable is being drawn toward
the drum with a speed of 2 m>s, determine the speed of the
cylinder.

A
vA

SOLUTION
l = sC + (sC - h) + (sC - h - sA)

l = 3sC - 2h - sA
s

0 = 3vC - vA
vC =

vA
-2
=
= -0.667 m>s = 0.667 m>s c
3
3

Ans.

12219.
Vertical motion of the load is produced by movement of the
piston at A on the boom. Determine the distance the piston
or pulley at C must move to the left in order to lift the load
2 ft. The cable is attached at B, passes over the pulley at C,
then D, E, F, and again around E, and is attached at G.

6 ft/s

D
G

E
F

SOLUTION
2 sC + 2 s F = l
2 sC = - 2 sF
sC = - sF
sC = -(- 2 ft) = 2 ft

Ans.

12226.
A car is traveling north along a straight road at 50 km>h.
An instrument in the car indicates that the wind is directed
toward the east. If the cars speed is 80 km>h, the
instrument indicates that the wind is directed toward the
north-east. Determine the speed and direction of the wind.

SOLUTION
Solution I
Vector Analysis: For the first case, the velocity of the car and the velocity of the wind
relative to the car expressed in Cartesian vector form are vc = [50j] km>h and
vW>C = (vW>C)1 i. Applying the relative velocity equation, we have
vw = vc + vw>c
vw = 50j + (vw>c)1 i
vw = (vw>c)1i + 50j

(1)

For the second case, vC = [80j] km>h and vW>C = (vW>C)2 cos 45i + (vW>C)2 sin 45 j.
Applying the relative velocity equation, we have
vw = vc + vw>c
vw = 80j + (vw>c)2 cos 45i + (vw>c)2 sin 45 j

vw = (vw>c)2 cos 45 i + C 80 + (vw>c)2 sin 45 D j

(2)

Equating Eqs. (1) and (2) and then the i and j components,
(vw>c)1 = (vw>c)2 cos 45

(3)

50 = 80 + (vw>c)2 sin 45

(4)

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4) yields

(vw>c)2 = -42.43 km>h

(vw>c)1 = -30 km>h

Substituting the result of (vw>c)1 into Eq. (1),

vw = [ - 30i + 50j] km>h
Thus, the magnitude of vW is
vw = 2( - 30)2 + 502 = 58.3 km>h

Ans.

and the directional angle u that vW makes with the x axis is

u = tan - 1 a

50
b = 59.0 b
30

Ans.

12229.
Cars A and B are traveling around the circular race track.
At the instant shown, A has a speed of 90 ft>s and is
increasing its speed at the rate of 15 ft>s2, whereas B has a
speed of 105 ft>s and is decreasing its speed at 25 ft>s2.
Determine the relative velocity and relative acceleration of
car A with respect to car B at this instant.

vA
A
B
vB
rA

300 ft

60
rB

SOLUTION
vA = vB + vA>B
- 90i = -105 sin 30 i + 105 cos 30j + vA>B
vA>B = 5 - 37.5i - 90.93j6 ft>s
vA/B = 2( -37.5)2 + (- 90.93)2 = 98.4 ft>s

Ans.

90.93
b = 67.6 d
37.5

Ans.

u = tan - 1 a

aA = aB + aA>B
- 15i -

19022
300

j = 25 cos 60i - 25 sin 60j - 44.1 sin 60i - 44.1 cos 60j + aA>B

aA>B = {10.69i + 16.70j} ft>s2

aA>B = 2(10.69)2 + (16.70)2 = 19.8 ft>s2

Ans.

16.70
b = 57.4 a
10.69

Ans.

u = tan - 1 a

250 ft

12234.
A man can swim at 4 ft/s in still water. He wishes to cross
the 40-ft-wide river to point B, 30 ft downstream. If the river
flows with a velocity of 2 ft/s, determine the speed of the
man and the time needed to make the crossing. Note: While
in the water he must not direct himself toward point B to
reach this point. Why?

30 ft
B
vr = 2 ft/s

SOLUTION
Relative Velocity:
vm = vr + vm>r
3
4
n i + vm j = 2i + 4 sin ui + 4 cos uj
5 m
5
Equating the i and j components, we have
3
v = 2 + 4 sin u
5 m

(1)

4
v = 4 cos u
5 m

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

u = 13.29
vm = 4.866 ft>s = 4.87 ft>s

Ans.

Thus, the time t required by the boat to travel from points A to B is

t =

sAB
2402 + 302
=
= 10.3 s
vb
4.866

Ans.

In order for the man to reached point B, the man has to direct himself at an angle
u = 13.3 with y axis.

40 ft