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Theory of Power

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Theory of Power[edit]

This emphasis on speed and agility is a defining characteristic of taekwondo and


has its origins in analyses undertaken by Choi Hong Hi. The results of that ana
lysis are known by ITF practitioners as Choi's Theory of Power. Choi's Theory of
Power is based on biomechanics and Newtonian physics. For example, Choi observe
d that the power of a strike increases quadratically with the speed of the strik
e, but increases only linearly with the mass of the striking object. In other wo
rds, speed is more important than size in terms of generating power. This princi
ple was incorporated into the early design of taekwondo and is still used. [2] [
8]
Choi also advocated a relax / strike principle for taekwondo; in other words, be
tween blocks, kicks, and strikes the practitioner should relax the body, then te
nse the muscles only while performing the technique. It is believed that this to
o increases the power of the technique, by conserving the body's energy. He expa
nded on this principle with his advocacy of the sine wave technique. This involv
es raising one's center of gravity between techniques, then lowering it as the t
echnique is performed, producing the up-and-down movement from which the term "s
ine wave" is derived. [8] The sine wave is generally practiced, however, only in
some schools that follow ITF-style taekwondo. Kukkiwon-style taekwondo, for exa
mple, does not employ the sine wave and instead advocates a more uniform height
during movements (i.e. karate).
The components of the Theory of Power include:[9]
Reaction Force - the principle that as the striking limb is brought forward, oth
er parts of the body should be brought backward in order to provide more power t
o the striking limb. As an example, if the right leg is brought forward in a rou
ndhouse kick, the right arm is brought backward to provide the reaction force.
Concentration - focusing the mind and body together to make the technique more p
owerful, with the principle of bringing as many muscles as possible to bear on a
strike, concentrating the area of impact into as small an area as possible
Equilibrium - wide long stances of ITF style taekwondo as taught by General Choi
require increased emphasis on maintaining a correct center-of-balance throughou
t a technique. WTF style Shorter unbalanced stances for quicker dropping kicking
techniques.
Breath Control - the idea that during a strike one should exhale, with the exhal
ation concluding at the moment of impact
Mass - the principle of bringing as much of the body to bear on a strike as poss
ible; again using the turning kick as an example, the idea would be to rotate th
e hip as well as the leg during the kick in order to take advantage of the hip's
additional mass in terms of providing power to the kick
Speed - is classed as the acceleration of a technique where it continues passed
the point of the target and doesn't de-accelerate.

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