11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

11th International Junior Science Olympiad

Theoretical Competition

December 6, 2014

(Answer Sheet)

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

FILL IN THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION

FIRST NAME

LAST NAME

COUNTRY

CODE

SIGNATURE

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

PROBLEM 1
1.1.1. Fill in Table 3 in the Answer sheet with the information related to each community.

Community

Species

Total number of

Richness (S)

individuals (N)

Name of

Abundance

dominant

of dominant

species

species

Sample 1: Community
revegetated with
Larrea
Sample 2: Community
left to natural
succession
Table N 3

1.1.2. Indicate which community has a greater biological diversity.

Answer:

1.1.3 Mark true (T) or false (F) appropriately for each explanation shown on the answer sheet, in order to
justify the answer given in 1.1.2.

A. After ten years, the community revegetated with jarilla and the community left to
natural succession have a wide difference in species richness, related to Larrea spp.s
facilitating effect.
B. The presence of Larrea in sample 1 increased the abundance of shrubs and
herbaceous forms. This could indicate that Larrea favors the settling of other species,
augmenting the evenness of this community.
C. The favoring effects are indicating that the revegetated community (sample 1)
presents less distribution of forms of life than the community left to natural
succession.

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

1.2. Calculate the areas A, B, C, D, and calculate total surface area of the region. Express the final
result in square meters.

r1
60
60
r1

r2 r2
r2

r1

Figure N 4: Schematic representation of the region to be revegetated.

RESOLUTION:

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER:

Total Area=

1.3.1. Find the velocity of the rock when it passes by point II.
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER: VII =
1.3.2. Find the kinetic friction coefficient of this stretch, assuming it is constant throughout it.

RESOLUTION:

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER: =

1.4.1. Determine which nutrient you would choose as a guide for establishing the amount of fertilizer to be
used.

ANSWER:

1.4.2 Compute how many kilograms of fertilizer must be added per square meter of terrain. Round
results using two decimal after the unit.

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:
7

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

1.4.3. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH)1- responsible for the pH value measured

in the disturbed soil shown in Table 4.

RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

1.4.4. Indicate which of the pH indicators shown in Table 5 you would choose to determine
qualitatively the disturbed soil pH, and what color the chosen indicator would take. Write the
indicator and the color using the code in parentheses)

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

RESOLUTION:
Indicator:

Color:

ANSWER:

1.4.5. Write the balanced chemical equation for the total ionization reaction of Na2CO3 in water.

ANSWER:

1.4.6. Write the balanced ionic hydrolysis equation that justifies the pH elevation in the soil due to
the carbonate ion.
ANSWER:

1.5.1. Indicate which illustration best expresses the description given in 1.5.

ANSWER:

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

1.5.2. Select from the following options the statement that provides the reason to the answer to
1.5.1:

ANSWER:

1.6.1. Draw a Cartesian graph of comparative lines for absorbance as a function of wavelength for

the three samples, based on Table 6. Use different colors for each type of absorbance line.

10

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

1.6.2. Using the information given in Table 6, indicate the wavelength that is needed to best

distinguish NDGA from other substances.

ANSWER:

1.6.3. Calculate the NDGA concentration (mg L-1) in each extract. Consider the extract was purified

from other substances.

RESOLUTION

ANSWER:

1.6.4. Using the information in Table 6 and the values for each absorbance, indicate the species

corresponding to each extract.

11

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER:
Extract A:

Extract B:

1.6.5. Determine the mass of fresh L. divaricata leaves that you need considering that fresh leaves
have a moisture content of 8% w/w (water density at 20C is 1 g cm-3 ).

RESOLUTION

ANSWER:

12

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

13

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

PROBLEM 2

2.1.1. Write the chemical reactions needed to obtain the acids derived from SO3 and CO2 when
combined with water.
Answer:

2.1.2. The unbalanced formation reaction of nitric acid in acid rain is:
NO2 (g) + H2O (l) HNO3 (aq) + HNO2 (aq)
Write the half-reactions and the balanced equation.
RESOLUTION:

14

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

Answer:

2.2.1. Determine the solubility in moles per liter of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) in the lake water
which has a pH value of 5.2, knowing that the Ksp (solubility product) value is 5x10-33.
RESOLUTION

Answer:

15

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

V2

V3

V1

V4

V5
V6
V10

V7

V8
V9
V11

Figure 8: Water piping network

2.3.1. Determine the maximum number of pipes that can be removed without interrupting the
water supplying every distribution point.
Answer:

2.4.1. Compute the average value of lead in blood for each sample.Indicate which of them, if any, is
above the toxicity levels, writing an A for adults, a C for children, and a B for both
Answer:
Adults sample mean:

Childrens sample mean:

Sample/s above the toxicity levels:

16

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

2.5.1. Calculate Earths equilibrium temperature without the absorption of the atmosphere (Figure
9a). Express your results in K and C.
The intensity I (W m-2) radiated by a black body follows Stefan-Boltzmanns Law:
I = T4, where = 5,67x10-8W m-2K-4
Assume that the Earth radiates energy as a black body.

RESOLUTION:

Answer:

2.5.2. Find the equilibrium temperature of the Earth with the atmosphere (Figure 9b), assuming that

the atmosphere absorbs all the radiation emitted by the surface, and reemits it back to both the
Earth and Space in equal proportions. Start out with intensity balance on the Earth surface and on
the atmosphere.
Hint:
Assume that the atmosphere only absorbs energy from the Earth surface, and that both emit
energy as a black body.

17

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

RESOLUTION:

Answer:

2.6.1. In this context, calculate the minimum amount of energy needed to completely melt a block
of 10000kg of ice, initially at -10C.
Thermodynamic constants:
Specific heat capacity of Ice: c = 2.093 Jg-1K-1
Latent heat of ice fusion: l = 333.7 J g-1

RESOLUTION:

18

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

Answer:

19

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

PROBLEM 3
3.1.1. Based on the information shown on Table A and Table B, mark with a cross (X) on Table A the
secretory structure which produces the enzyme involved in digesting the starch that is present in
the slice of toast. Then, use the corresponding number given to the enzyme shown on Table B, to
match the Structure where this enzyme is produced.
Hint: the same enzyme may be produced by more than one structure.

STRUCTURE

Table A
SECRETORY
STRUCTURE INVOLVED
IN THE DIGESTION OF
STARCH

ENZYME

1
2
3
4
5
6

Liver
Stomach
Salivary Glands
Large intestine
Pancreas
Esophagus
Small Intestine

Table B
Phospholipase
Maltase
Amylase
Lipase
Glucosidase
Sucrase

3.1.2. Fill in Table C (indicated on the Answer Sheet) which shows enzymatic reactions. Write the
corresponding letter of the enzyme in the green box and the corresponding number for the
products in the blue boxes (each number may be used more than once).
ENZYMES
A Creatin kinase
B
Amylase
C
Lactase
D Glucosidase
E
Sucrase
F
Maltase

PRODUCTS
1
Maltose
2
Glucose
3
Fructose
4
Lactose
5 Galactose
6 Saccharose
(sucrose)

Table C

starch

maltose

lactose

+..

saccharose
(sucrose)
20

+..

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

3.2.1 Table D shows muscular contraction processes. Complete Table E (indicated in Answer Sheet),
indicating the letter of the process in the order in which they occur.
A.
B.

C.
D.
E.
F.

Table D: Processes of muscle contraction

ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphorus) and the myosin head is separated
from the active site.
Acetylcholine acts on a local area of the sarcolemma to open multiple membrane protein
channels. This allows the entry of large amounts of sodium ions into the sarcolemma, which
initiates an action potential in the muscle fiber.
The action potential depolarizes the sarcolemma. The release of Ca++ ions from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs.
Ca++ ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, where they remain until the
arrival of a new action potential to the muscle.
An action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction (synapse) of a motor neuron and a
muscle, acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal.
Ca++ ions initiate attractive forces between the actin and myosin. Filaments of myosin and
actin are arranged next to each other within the sarcomere so that that they can interact in
an organized fashion resulting in muscle contraction. During contraction, myosin heads
bind actin and pull the filaments in towards the center.

Tabla E
ORDER

CORRESPONDING
LETTER

1
2
3
4
5
6

21

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

3.2.2 Figure 11 represents muscle contraction. Write the letter corresponding to each process in
the space provided.

Figure 11: Muscle contraction representation.

3.3.1. Calculate the minimum amount of "engines" a muscle should utilize in lifting a mass of 50 kg.
(Acceleration of gravity: 9.81 m s-2)
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

22

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

3.3.2. Calculate the power developed by the myosin engine measured in J s-1.
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

3.4.1. If the food ingested at breakfast by the athlete is equivalent to 90 g of glucose, calculate the
mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced as a result of complete combustion. (Relative atomic
mass C= 12; O=16; H=1).
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

23

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

3.4.2. Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 90 g of glucose molecules.

RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

3.5.1. During her straight line path, her velocity follows the graph as shown in the figure below. Find
the instantaneous acceleration at points A, B and C.

Figure 12: Velocity as a function of time

RESOLUTION

24

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER:

3.5.2. Calculate the distance she runs in the first two seconds the race.
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

3.5.3. Calculate the minimum radius of her circular path. Consider a constant speed along the whole
path.
RESOLUTION:

25

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER:

Figure 13: Various events occurring during three cardiac cycles, for different parts of
the heart

26

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

3.6.1. Using the information shown in the graph, compute the time period of one cardiac cycle
(in seconds).
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

3.6.2. Calculate the corresponding heart rate (cardiac cycles per minute).
RESOLUTION:

ANSWER:

3.6.3. Indicate in which time intervals ventricular volume decreases considering that intervals in
which the volume remains constant last 0.05 seconds.
ANSWER:

3.6. 4. Indicate the maximum value observed for ventricular pressure.

ANSWER:

27

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

Figure 14: Pulse measurement using a simple pendulum.

pperapndulo simple.

3.7.1. Calculate the length of the pendulum used by the student, the period of simple pendulum is
given by
Being:
L the length of the pendulum
g= 9.81 m s-2
RESOLUTION:

28

11 th International Junior Science Olympiad,

Mendoza, Argentina
Time : 3 hs 30 min
Marks : 30

Answer sheet

ANSWER:

29