Cell+Physiology+-+notes
Cell+Physiology+-+notes
Active and passive transport are biological processes that move oxygen, water and nutrients into cells and remove
waste products.
Comparison chart
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Definition
Types of
Transport
Types of
Particles
Transported
Examples
Importance
Functions
1. Passive Transport Mechanism passive transport moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of
low concentration; so it does not require energy.
There are four main types of passive transport: osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion and filtration.
a. Diffusion is the simple movement of particles through a permeable membrane down a concentration gradient (from a
more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution) until the two solutions are of equal concentration.
b. Facilitated diffusion uses special transport proteins to achieve the same effect.
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c. Filtration is the movement of water and solute molecules down the concentration gradient, e.g. in the kidneys.
d. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. None of these processes
require energy.
2. Active Transport Mechanism active transport requires chemical energy because it is the movement of biochemicals
from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
a. Endocytosis During endcytosis, commonly called phagocytosis, a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates to
envelop a substance, and then the membrane pinches off to form an intracellular vesicle . Digestion may be
required before molecules can cross a vesicle membrane to enter the cytoplasm.
b. Exocytosis During exocytosis, a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs. This is the way
insulin leaves insulin-secreting cells, for instance.
Examples:
Active transport include a sodium pump, glucose selection in the intestines, and the uptake of mineral ions by plant
roots.
Passive transport occurs in the kidneys and the liver, and in the alveoli of the lungs when they exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
References:
Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology
Sylvia S. Mader
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Active_Transport_vs_Passive_Transport
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