Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Hip Flexors
Sartorius

Anterior thigh

Rectis Femorus
(only quad to cross the
hip)

Anterior thigh

Tensor Fascia Latae

Anteriolateral hip

ASIS

AIIS

Posterior ASIS

Pes Anserinus

Tibial turberosity via

the quadrideps tendon
and the patellar
ligament
Gerdys tubercle via
the iliotibial tract

Hip

Flexion
Adduction
Lateral Rotation

Knee

Flexion (weak)
Medial Rotation

Hip

Flexion

Knee

Extension

Hip

Flexion
Media Rotation
Abduction (weak)

Knee

Stabilizes ambulation

Iliacus

Deep pelvic cavity

Iliac fossa

Lesser trochanter

Hip

Flexion
Lateral Rotation

Psoas Major

Deep posterior wall of

abdominal cavity

Bodies of T12, L1-5

Lesser trochanter
Transverse processes of
L1-5

HIP

Flexion (PM)

Psoas Minor

Deep posterior wall of

abdominal cavity

Body of T12

HIP

Posture stabilizer

Superior pubic ramis

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Hip Extensors
Gluteus Maximus
(antagonist to Temsor
Facia Latae)

Butt (lateral sacrum,

wing of ilium)

PSIS
Lateral sacrum
Sacrotuberous
Ligament

Superior/Diagonal
iliotibial tract

Hip

Inferior/HJorizontal
gluteal tuberosity of
femur
Biceps Femoris long
head

Posteriolateral thigh

Biceps Femoris short

head
Semitendonosis
Semimembranosis

Ischial tuberosity

Lateral anterior head of

fibula

Distal half of linea

apnea
Posterior thigh

Ischial tuberosity

Pes anserinus

Extension/hyper
extension
Lateral Rotation
Abduction
Adduction
(antagonist to
diagonal fibers

Hip

Extension

Knee

Flexion

Knee

Flexion

Hip

Extension

Knee

Flexion

Deep to semitendonosis Ischial tuberosity

on posterior thigh

Posterior of medial
condyle of tibia

Hip

Extension

Knee

Flexion
Medial Rotation

Gluteus Medius
(most lateral thigh
muscle)

Lateral hip

Posterior ilium,
superior medial
gluteal lines

Greater trochanter

Hip

Abduction (PM)
Flexion
Medial Rotation

Gluteus Minimus

Deep to gluteus medius

Posterior ilium, medial

inferior gluteal lines

Greater trochanter

Hip

Abduction
Flexion
Medial Rotation

Hip Abductors

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Deep Six Lateral Rotators

Piriformis

Deep to gluteus
maximus

Anteriolateral sacrum

Anterior Greater
trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation
Abduction
(antagonist to
quadratis femoris)

Gemellus Superior

Just inferior to
Piriformis

Ischial spine

Greater trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation

Obturator Internus

Just inferior to
Gemellus Superior

Obturator foremen

Greater trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation

Gemellus Inferior

Just inferior to
Obturator Internus

Just inferior to ischial

spine

Greater trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation

Obturator Externis

Anterior to Gemellus
Inferior

Obturator foremen

Greater trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation

Quatratis Femoris

Superior to hamstrings

Just superior to ischial

tuberosity

Greater trochanter

Hip

Lateral rotation
Adduction
(antagonist to
piriformis)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Hip Adductors
Pectineus

Groin

Suprior pubic ramis

Distal posterior lesser

trochanter

Hip

Adduction
Flexion

Gracillus
(only adductor to cross
the knee)

Superficial medial
thigh most medial

Anterior inferior pubic

symphysis

Pes anserinus

Hip

Adduction

Knee

Knee flexion
(synergist to
hamstrings)
Medial rotation
(weak)

Adductor Longus

Superficial proximal
medial thigh

Just lateral to pubic

symphysis

Distal half of linea

aspera

Hip

Adduction
Flexion

Adductor Brevis

Deep to adductor
longus, medial thigh

Inferior to origin of
adductor longus, just
lateral to pubic
symphysis

Proximal half of linea

aspera

Hip

Adduction
Flexion

Adductor Magnus
(portion considered the
4th hamstring)

Deep medial thigh

Ishcial tuberosity
pubic ramis

Anterior fibers:
Length of linea aspera

Hip

Anterior fibers
Adduction
Flexion

Posterior fibers:
Adductor tubercle of
the medial condyle of
femur

Posterior fibers:
Adduction
Extension

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Anterior Thigh Quads (exluding Rectus Femoris)

Vastus Medialis

Superficial
anteriomedial thigh
between rectus femoris
and sartorius

Medial lip of linea

aspera

Tibial tuberosity via the Knee

quadriceps tendon and
patellar ligament

Extension

Vastus Lateralis

Superficial
anteirolateral thigh (itt
overlays it)

Lateral lip of linea

aspera

Tibial tuberosity via the Knee

quadriceps tendon and
patellar ligament

Extension

Vastus Intermedialis

Anterior thigh, deep to

Rectis femoris

Anterior surface of
femur

Tibial tuberosity via the Knee

quadriceps tendon and
patellar ligament

Extension

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Posterior Leg Knee Flexors

Popliteus

Posterior Knee, deep

to Gastrox and
Plantaris

Lateral condyle of
femur

Proximal medial
surface of tibia

Knee

Flexion
Medial rotation
Unlocks knee in
extension

Plantaris short belly,

long tendon

Posterior Knee, deep

to Gastrox

Lateral supracondylar
ridge of femur

Calcaneus via the

achilles tendon

Knee

Flexion

Ankle

Plantar flexion
(weak)

Gastrocnemius two
headed monster

Posterior Leg,
superficial calf

Medial and lateral

condyles of femur

Calcaneus via the

achilles tendon

Knee

Flexion

Ankle

Plantar flexion

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Posterior Leg Ankle Plantar flexors

Soleus

Deep to Gastrox

Soleal line of tibia,

proximal posterior of
fibula

Calcaneus via the

achilles tendon

Tibialis Posterior

Deep to Soleus

Posteior of tibia, distal

to soleal line,
Interoseus membrane,
posterior fibula

Tendon wraps
Ankle
posterior to medial
maleolus to Navicular,
1st Cuneform and
Intertarsal,
medial metatarsals
tarsal/metatarsal

Plantar flexion
(antagonist to
Tibialis Anterior)

Posterior shaft of
tibia, distal to soleal
line

Tendon wraps
posterior to medial
maleolus to the base
of the distal phalanges
2-5

Plantar flexion

Flexor Digitorum
Longus

Flexor Hallucis
Longus

Medial to Tibialis
Posterior

Lateral to Tibialis
Posterior

Posterior shaft of
fibula

Tendon wraps
posterior to medial
maleolus to the base
the distal phalange of
Hallux (1st digit)

Ankle

Ankle

Plantar flexion
(PM)

Inversion (synergist
to Tibialis Anterior)

Intertarsal,
Inversion
tarsal/metatarsal
PIP and DIP
(toes)

Flexion

Ankle

Plantar flexion

Intertarsal,
Inversion
tarsal/metatarsal
DIP (big toe)

Flexion

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Lateral Leg - Evertors

Peroneus Longus
forms a stirrup with
Tibialis Anterior

Lateral Leg,
superficial

Lateral proximal
fibula

Tendon wraps
posterior to lateral
maleolus to the lateral
base of the first
metatarsal

Peroneus Brevis

Lateral Leg, distal

porttion superficial

Distal lateral fibula

Tendon wraps
posterior to lateral
maleolus to the base
of the 5th metatarsal

Ankle

Plantar flextion

Intertarsal,
Eversion (synergist
tarsal/metatarsal to Ext Dig Long)
Ankle

Plantar flextion

Intertarsal,
Eversion (synergist
tarsal/metatarsal to Ext Dig Long)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Anterior Leg Ankle Dorsiflexors

Tibialis Anterior
forms a stirrup with
Peroneus Longus

Extensor Digitorum
Longus

Extensor Hallucis
Longus

Peroneus Tertias

Anterior Leg, lateral

tibial shaft

Anterior Leg, lateral

to Tibialis Anterior

Between Tibialis
Anterior and Extensor
Digitorum Longus

Anteriolateral Ankle

Proximal anterior
shaft of tibia,
interoseous membrane

Medial anterior fibula,

anterior lateral
condyle of tibia,
interoseous membrane

Anterior fibula,
interoseous membrane

Distal anterior fibula

Tendon extends
Ankle
anterior to the medial
maleolus to the medial
base of the first
Intertarsal,
metatarsal
tarsal/metatarsal

Dorsi flextion
(antagonist to
Tibialis Posterior)

Tendon extends
anterior to the medial
maleolus to the dorsal
surface of base of
distal phalanges 2-5

Dorsi flexion

Tendon extends
anterior to medial
maleolus to the dorsal
base of the distal
phalange of Hallux
(1st digit)
Tendon extends
anterior to lateral
maleolus to the base
of the 5th metatarsal

Ankle

Inversion (synergist
to Tibialis
Posterior)

Intertarsal,
Eversion (synergist
tarsal/metatarsal with Peroneus
Longus and Brevis)
PIP and DIP
(toes)

Extension

Ankle

Dorsi flexion

Intertarsal,
Inversion (weak)
tarsal/metatarsal
DIP (big toe)

Extension

Ankle

Dorsi flextion
(antoagnist to other
Peroneus)

Intertarsal,
Eversion (synergist
tarsal/metatarsal to other Peroneus)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Dorsi and Plantar
Interoseous Muscles

Between metatarals

Connects adjascent metatarsals to each other

Intermetatarsal

Abduction
Adduction

Lumbricals

Between metatarals
and proximal
phalanges

Connects metatarsals respective proximal

phalanges

Tarsal/metatarsal Flexion
Extension
(synergist)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle

Serratis Anterior

Anterior axilary ribs

R1-8

Anterior vertibral
border of scapula

Acromioclavicular Protraction
Sternoclavicular
Upward Rotation
Holds scapula to rib
cage

Pectoralis Minor

Deep to Pec Major,

anteriolateral ribs

R3-5 (usually)

Coracoid Process of
scapula

AC/SC

Depression
Protraction
Downward
Rotation
Accessory to
inspiration

Subsclavius

Inferior clavicle

R1

Inferior clavical

AC/SC

Stabilizes clavicle
in movement
Accessory to
inspiriation
Depression (weak)

Trapezius Superior

Superficial superior
back

Superior nuchal line

of occiput, nuchal
ligament to C7

Posterior border of
lateral clavicle

AC/SC

Upward Rotation
Elevation

Cervial Spine

Lateral flexion
(uni)
Rotation to the
oppossite side (uni)
Neck extension (bi)

Trapezius Middle

Spinous Processes of
T1-T5/6

Supeior spine of
scapula

AC/SC

Retraction

Trapezius Inferior

Spinous Processes of
T5/6 T12

Root of the spine of

scapula

AC/SC

Upward Rotation
Depression

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle

Rhomboid - Minor
Rhomboid Major
Levitor Scapulae

Deep to Traps;
between the shoulder
blades

Spinous Process of
C7-T1

Posterior root of the

spine of scapula

Spinous Process of
T2 T5

Posterior vertibral
border of scapula

Deep to Traps, lateral

neck

Transverse Processes
of C1-C4

Vertibral border and

superior angler of
scapula

AC/SC

Retraction
Downward
Rotation

AC/SC

Elevation
Downward
Rotation

Cervical Spine

Lateral flexion
(uni)
Rotation to the
same side (uni)
Neck extension (bi)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of the Shoulder Rotator Cuff (SITS)

Supraspinatus

Superior Shoulder

Supraspinous Fossa

Passes under the

acromion porcess to
the anterior greater
tubercle of humerus

GH

ABduction
Stabilizes GH

Infraspinatus

Posterior Shoulder

Infraspinous Fossa

Greater tubercle of
humerus (behind the
joint)

GH

Lateral Rotation
Stabilizes GH

Teres Minor

Posterior Shoulder

Superior axilary
border of scapula

Greater tubercle of
humerus

GH

Lateral Rotation
Stabilizes GH

Subscapularis

Costal scapula

Subscapular Fossa

Lesser tubercle of
humerus (in front of
the joint

GH

Medial Rotation
Stabilizes GH

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Medial inferior
clavicle

Lateral lip of the

bicipital groove

Joint

Action

Muscles of the Shoulder

Pectoralis Major
Clavicular Head

Superficial anterior
chest

Pectoralis Major
Sternal Head

Deltoid Anterior

Lateral body of
sternum

Superficial lateral
shoulder

Anteriolateral
clavicle

Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus

Glenohurmeral

Flexion
Adduction
Horizontal
adduction
Medial Rotation
Accessory to
inspiration

GH

Adduction
Horizontal
adduction
Medial Rotation
Accessory to
inspiration

GH

ABduction
Flexion

Deltoid Middle

Acromion Process of
scapula

GH

ABduction

Deltoid - Posterior

Inferior spine of
scapula

GH

ABduction
Extension
Lateral Rotation
Horizontal
ABduction

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of the Shoulder

Coracobrachialis

Deep anterior axila

Coracoid Process of
scapula

Medial middle shaft

of humerus

GH

Flexion
Adduction

Latisimus Dorsi
(swimming, rowing,
chopping, handcuffs)

Superficial inferior
back

Thoracolumbar
Aponeurosis
Spinous Processes of
T6-T12
Sacrum
Iliac Crest
Inferior R9-R12

Medial lip of the

bicipital groove

GH

Extension
Medial Rotation
Adduction

Teres Minor (Lats

Little Helper)

Superior to Lats, part

superficial

Inferior axilary
border of scapula

Medial lip of the

bicipital groove

GH

Extension
Medial Rotation
Adduction

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Supraglenoid
tubercle via the
bicipital groove

Radial tuberosity
(medial proximal
radius)

Joint

Action

Elbow Flexors
Biceps Brachii
Long Head

Superficial anterior
humerus

Biceps Brachii
Short Head

Coracoid process of
scapula

Brachialis

Deep to Biceps
Brachii

Anterior distal half of

humerus

Ulnar tuberosity

Brachioradialis
(handshake muscle)

Superificial lateral
forearm

Lateral supracondylar Styloid process of

ridge of humerus
radius

GH

Flexion
Medial Rotation
ABduction

Elbow

Flexion
Supenationn

GH

Flexion
Medial Rotation
Adduction

Elbow

Flexion
Supenation

Elbow

Flexion

Elbow

Flexion (strongest in
neutral position)

Radioulnar

Assists in returning
to neutral from
pronation/supenation,
does not perform
either action

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Elbow Extensors
Long headinfrglenoid tubercle
of scapula
Lateral headproximal posterior
humerus
Medial head-deep to
Long & Lat, distal
half of humerus

Acromion process of
ulna

Posterior elbow

Lateral epicondyle of
humerus

Supenator

Deep proximal
radioulnar joint

Pronator Teres

Deep proximal
radioulnar joint

Pronator Quatradus

Deep distal radioulnar Distal anteriomedial

joint
ulna

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Superficial posterior
humerus

Elbow

Extension

GH (long head
only)

Extension
Adduction

Proximal posterior
ulna, just distal to
acromion

Elbow

Extension

Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Proximal posterior
ulna
Proximal posterior
radius

Proximal anterior
radius

Radioulnar

Supenation
synergist to biceps
brachii

Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Coracoid process of
ulna

Anteriolateral midshaft of radius

Radioulnar

Pronation
Elbow Flexion

Distal anteriolateral
radius

Radioulnar

Pronation

Radius Rotators

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Superficial Forearm Flexors

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Superficial anterior
forearm

Common flexor
tendon at the medial
epicondyle of
humerus

Base of the 2nd and 3rd RC

metacarpals

Flexion
Radial Deviation

Palmaris Longus

Superficial anterior
forearm

Common flexor
tendon

Palmar Aponeurosis

RC, IC/CMC

Flexion
Cups the palm

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Superficial anterior
forearm

Common flexor
tendon

Base of the 5th

metacarpal

RC

Flexion
Ulnar Deviation

Deep Forearm Flexors

Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis

Deep anterior forearm Common flexor

tendon

Splits into 8 tendons

inserting medially
and laterally on the
base of middle
phalanges 2-5

RC, MCPh, PIP

Flexion

Flexor Digitorum
Profundis

Deep anterior forearm Anterior ulna ,

interoseous
membrane

RC, MCPh, PIP,

Splits into 4 tendons
running beneath Flex DIP
Dig Sup to the base of
the distal phalanges
2-5

Flexion

Flexor Pollicis
Longus

Deep anterior middle

forearm

Base of the distal

phalange of pollicis

Thumb flexion

Anterior radius ,
interoseous
membrane

PIP

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Superficial Forearm Extensors

Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus

Superficial posterior
forearm

Lateral supracondylar
ridge of humerus

Base of the 2nd

metacarpal

RC

Extension
Radial Deviation

Extensor Carpi
Radialis Brevis

Superficial posterior
forearm

Common extensor
tendon at the lateral
condyle of humerus

Base of the 3rd

metacarpal

RC

Extension
Radial Deviation

Extensor Digitorum
(Communis)

Superficial posterior
forearm

Common extensor
tendon

Base of the middle

and distal phalanges
2-5

RC, MCPh, PIP,

DIP

Extension

Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris

Superficial posterior
forearm

Common extensor
tendon

Base of the 5th

metacarpal

RC

Extension
Ulnar Deviation

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Deep Forearm Extensors

Extensor Digiti
Minimi

Superficial posterior
Common extensor
forearm, just lateral to tendon
Ext Digitorum

Base of the middle

and distal phalange 5

RC, MCPh, PIP,

DIP

Extension
Ulnar Deviation

Extensor Indicis

Superficial posterior
forearm

Distal posterior ulna

Base of the middle

and distal phalange 2

RC, MCPh, PIP,

DIP

Extension

ExtensorPollicis
Longus

Deep posterior
middle forearm

Posterior ulna ,
interoseous
membrane

Base of the distal

phalange of pollicis

PIP

Thumb flexion

ExtensorPollicis
Brevis

Deep posterior
middle forearm

Posterior radius ,
interoseous
membrane

Base of the proximal

phalange of pollicis

MCPh

Thumb flexion

Abductor Pollicis
Longus

Deep posterior
middle forearm

Posterior ulna ,
posterior radius,
interoseous
membrane

Base 1st metacarpal

CMC

Thumb abduction

Muscle

Location

Origin
Insertion

Action

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Dorsi and Palmar Interoseous Muscles

Between metacarpals

Connects adjascent metacarpals to

each other

Abduction
Adduction

Lumbricals

Between metacarpals and

proximal phalanges

Connects metacarpals to respective MCPh Flexion

proximal phalanges
PIP/DIP Extension

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis

Thenar Eminence

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Opponens Digiti Minimi

Hypothenar Eminence

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Anterior/Posterior Neck Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Anterolateral neck

Maubrium of sternum
Superior medial
clavicle

Mastoid process of
temporal bone

AtlantoOccipital
Cervical Spine

Head/neck flexion
(bi)
Rotation to the opp
side (uni)
Lateral flexion
(uni)
Accessory to
inspiration

Scalenes (Anterior,
Middle, Posterior

Deep to SCM

Transverse processes
of C2-C7

Anterior/Middle-Rib
1
Posterior-Rib 2

Cervical Spine

Neck flexion (bi)

Rotation to the opp
side (uni)
Lateral flexion
(uni)
Accessory to
inspiration

Splenius Capitus

Posterior neck deep to Spinous processes of

upper traps
C3-T3, nuchal
ligament

Mastoid Process

AtlantoOccipital
Cervical Spine

Head/neck
extension (bi)
Rotation to the
same side (uni)
Lateral flexion
(uni)

Splenius Cervicus

Posterior neck deep to Spinous processes of

rhomboids
T3-T6

Transverse processes
of C1-C3

Cervical Spine

Neck extension (bi)

Rotation to the
same side (uni)
Lateral flexion
(uni)

Muscle

Location

Deep Neck Muscles

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
Oblique Capitus Superior
Oblique Capitus Inferior

Sub-occipiptals

Digastric
Glenoid
Myloid
Styloid

Suprahyoid

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyroidhyoid
Sternothryroidhyoid

Infrahyoid

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Serratus Posterior
Superior

Deep to rhomboids;
superficial to Erector
Spinae

Spinous processes of
C6 to T2

Ribs 2-5

Costovertibral

Elevates ribs
Accessory
toinspiration

Serratus Posterior
Inferior

Deep to Lats;
superficial to Erector
Spinae

Spinous processes of
T11 to L2

Ribs 9-12

Costovertibral

Depresses ribs
Accessory to
exhalation

Deep Back Muscles

Deep Back Muscles Erector Spinae

Spinatus Capitus,
Cervicis, Thoracis

Deep to Seratus
Posterior- runs beside
the spinous processes,
most medial Erector

Nuchal ligament,
Spinous processes of
cervical and thorasic
vertibrae

Runs up the cervical

and thorasic spinous
processes to the
occiput

Atlanto Occiputal
Intervertibral

Head/neck
extension (bi)
Lateral flexion
(uni)

Longissimus
Capitus, Cervicis,
Thoracis

Deep to Seratus
Posterior- just lateral
to Spinatus, the
middle Erector

Sacrum, thoracolumbar aponeurosis,

Transverse processes
of thoracis and
lumbar vertibrae

Cervical and thorasic Atlanto Occiputal

transverse processes
Intervertibral
to the mastoid process
of temporal bone

Head/neck
extension (bi)
Lateral flexion
(uni)

Iliocostalis Cervicis,
Thoracis, Lumbar

Deep to Serratus
Posterior just lateral
to Longissimus, the
most lateral Erector

Sacrum, Thoracolumbar aponeuorsis,

posterior iliac crest,
posterior ribs

Runs up the posterior

ribs and transverse
processes to C4-6

Intervertibral
Costovertibral

Neck extension (bi)

Lateral flexion
(uni)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Deep Back Rotators Transverso Spinalis Group

Semi Spinalis
Capitus, Cervicis,
Thoracis

Deep to Erector
group, most
superficial of
Transverso group

Cervial and thorasic

transverse processes

Cervical and thorasic

spinous processes

Atlanto Occiputal
Intervertibral

Head/neck
extension (bi)
Rotation to the
opposite side (uni)

Multifidis (lumbar,
thorasic, cervical)

Deep to Semi
Spinalis, length of
spinal column

Sacrum, PSIS,
transverse processes
of all vertibrae,
coversthe sacrum

Spinous processes,
runs up with 2-4
vertibrae between
origin and insertion

Intervertibral

Neck/trunk
extension (bi)
Rotation to the
opposite side (uni)

Rotatores (lumbar,
thorasic, cervical)

Deept to Multifidis,
deepest of Transverso
group

Transverse processes
up to C3

Spinous processes of
next superior
vertibrae

Intervertibral

Neck/trunk
extension (bi)
Rotation to the
opposite side (uni)

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Mighty Middle - Deep Back

Quadratus
Lumborum- often
implicated in back
problems

Deep to Transverse
Abdominus, lower
back

Posterior iliac crest

Transverse processes
of L1-L4, inferior
aspect of Rib 12

Intervertibral
Sacroiliac

Extension (lordotic
curve, anterior
pelvic tilt)
Lateral flexion
(uni)
Hip hiker (uni
Stabilizes R12
during respiration

Anterior superior
ramis of pubis, pubic
tubercles on either
side of pubic
symphysis

Costal cartilage of
R5-7, xyphoid
process of sternum,
Linea Alba;
Covered by
abdominal
aponeurosis

Thorasic, lumbar
intervertibral

Trunk flexion (situps)

Compression of
abdomen in forced
exhalation

Wraps around the

anteriolateral iliac
crest
Linea Alba via
abdonminal
aponeurosis

Thorasic, lumbar
intervertibral

Trunk flexion (situps) (bi)

Compression of
abdomen in forced
exhalation (bi)
Lateral flexion
(uni)
Trunk rotation to
opposite side (uni)

Mighty Middle - Abdominals

Rectus Abdominus

Superficial abdomen

External Obliques
(hands in pockets)

Superficial
Anteriolateral R5-12,
anterolateral abdomen interdigitated with
Serratus Anterior and
Lats

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Mighty Middle - Abdominals

Internal Obliques

Just deep to External

Obliques

ASIS, Iliac crest,

inquinal ligament,
deep thoracolumbar
aponeurosis

Ribs 9-12, Linea Alba Thorasic, lumbar

intervertibral
Fibers run in the
oppsite direction of
External Obliques

Trunk flexion (situps) (bi)

Compression of
abdomen in forced
exhalation (bi)
Lateral flexion
(uni)
Trunk rotation to
same side (uni)

Transversis
Abdominus

Deepest abdominal
fibers run
horizontally

Iliac crest,
thoracolumbar
aponeurosis, inferior
ribs

Linea Alba

Compression of
addomen in forced
exhalation

Thorasic, lumbar
intervertibral

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of Respiration
Na

Contraction flattens dome,

pushing viscera down and
forward to allow room for
lungs to expand
Relazes on exhalation and
dome ascends

Thorasic Diaphragm part

of both Skeletal Muscle and
Respiratory systems
- Aortic Hiatus
(posterior)
- Esophogeal Hiatus
(middle)
- Caval (Vena Cava)
Hiatus (anterior)

Separates thorasic and

abdominopelvid cavities
Outer rim around the
internal margin of the
thorasic cavity forms a
dome with the central
tendon

Central tendon
Xyphoid
process, ribs similar to an
aponeurosis
7-12,
vertibral
bodies of L1L3

External Intercostals (fibers

run in same direction as
External Obliques)

Between ribs, most

superficial intercostal

Inferior
margin of
superior rib

Superior margin Costobvertibral Elevates ribs during

of inferior rib
inhalation

Internal Intercostals (fibers

run in same direction as
Internal Obliques)

Between ribs, just deep to

External Intercostals

Supeior
margin of
inferior rib

Inferior margin Costobertibral

of sumperior rib

Muscles of Inspiration

Muscles of Expiration

Diphragm
External Intercostals
Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serrtus Anterior
Quadratus Lumborum
Serratus Posterior Superior

Diaphragm
Interal Intercostals
Abdominus Rectus
Internal Obliques
External Obliques
Transversis Abdonminis
Iliocostalis
Quadratus Lumborum
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Depresses ribs during

exhalation

Muscle

Location

Muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

Levitor Ani Group

Muscle

Location

Origin

Insertion

Joint

Action

Muscles of Mastication (chewing mandible movers)

Temporalis

Superficial temporal
bone

Temporal bone

Slips through
zygomatic arch to
insert on the coranoid
process of mandible

TMJ

Elevates Mandible
Lateral translation
Jaw Retraction

Masseter

Ramis of mandible

Inferior margin of
zygomatic arch

Angle and ramis of

mandible

TMJ

Elevates Mandible
Jaw Retraction AND Protraction

Lateral
Pteragoid

Deep to temporalis and

masseterq

Lateral pteragoid
plate of sphenoid

TMJ
Anterior mandibular
condyle, articular disk
of TMJ

Depresses mandible by pulling it

forward and down
Lateral translation
Jaw Protraction

Medial
Pteragoid

Deep to temporalis and

masseterq

Medial pteragoid
plate of sphenoid

Deep surface of angle

of mandible

Elevates Mandible
Lateral translation
Jaw Protraction

Muscles of Facial Expression

Action

Frontalis
Nasalis
Buccinator
Orbicular Oris
Mentalis
Platysma

TMJ

Raise/furrow brow
Flare nostrils
Suck in cheeks
Kissy face
Pout
Scary face