Traffic Manual
Traffic Manual
Traffic Manual
M 51-02.07
December 2011
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Washington State Department of Transportation
Traffic Operations
PO Box 47344
Olympia, WA 98504-7344
www.wsdot.wa.gov/operations/traffic
Foreword
The Traffic Manual is intended to provide instruction and guidance to department personnel
whoconduct traffic operations and design activities. This manual identifies state and federal
lawsand departmental directives, policies and publications that are used to aid in decision
makingfor traffic operations and design issues. It also provides standards to assure uniform
application of operational methods and traffic control devices statewide.
Updating the Traffic Manual is a continuing process and revisions are issued periodically.
Questions, observations and recommendations are invited. The next page is provided to
encourage comments.
Page iii
Foreword
Page iv
Comment Form
From:
Date:
Phone:
To:
WSDOT
Traffic Engineer
Transportation Building
PO Box 47344
Olympia, WA 98504-7344
Page v
Comment Form
Page vi
Contents
Page
Foreword
iii
Comment Form
Chapter 1
General Information
1.1 Overview
1.2 Subject Matter
1.3 WSDOT Traffic Functions
1.4 Key Reference Material
1.5 Abbreviations
Chapter 2
Signs
2.1 General
2.2 Sign Design
2.3 Sign Location, Installation, and Storage
2.4 Sign Installation and Maintenance Jurisdiction
2.5 Traffic Sign Management System (TSMS)
2.6 State Traffic Laws and Regulations Requiring a Sign for Enforcement
2.7 Regulatory Signs
2.8 Warning Signs
2.9 School Areas
2.10 Guide Signs
2.11 Route Signs
2.13 Distance Signs
2.14 Supplemental Guide Signs
2.15 Destination Selection Requirements and Installation Details for
Specific Types of Traffic Generators
2.16 Unwarranted Traffic Generators/Destinations
2.17 Follow-Through Signing
2.18 General Motorist Service Signs (MSS)
2.19 Other Essential Guide Signs
2.20 Miscellaneous Signing
2.21 Variable Message Signs
2.22 Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) and Traveler Information
Station (TIS) Signing
1-1
1-1
1-1
1-2
1-4
1-7
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-18
2-30
2-33
2-35
2-39
2-40
2-44
2-54
2-55
2-56
2-61
2-65
2-73
2-74
Page vii
Contents
Page
Page viii
Delineation
3.1 General
3.2 Pavement Markings
3.3 Guideposts
3.4 Barrier Delineation
3.5 Chevron Alignment Signs
3.6 Raised Pavement Markers
3.7 Impact Attenuator Marking
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
Contents
Page
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
6.1 General
6.2 Documentation
6.3 Regional Traffic Regulations
6.4 Headquarters Traffic Regulations
6.5 Other Traffic Restrictions
6.6 Rescinding Existing Traffic Regulations
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-11
6-20
6-20
Chapter 7
7-1
7-1
7-1
7-6
7-7
7-7
7-9
7-11
7-14
7-14
7-16
7-17
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-25
7-40
7-68
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-2
4-2
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-9
5-10
5-14
5.A-1
5.B-1
Page ix
Contents
Page
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Page x
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-33
8-35
8-36
8-37
8-38
8-39
8-40
8-41
8-42
8-43
8-44
8-45
8-47
8-48
8-49
8-50
8-51
8-52
9-1
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-3
9-4
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-6
Contents
Page
11-1
11-1
11-1
11-2
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-4
Page xi
Contents
Page xii
Chapter 1
General Information
1.1 Overview
The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) publishes
the Traffic Manual to provide guidance on applicable policies, establish
uniform methods and procedures, and communicate vital information
about traffic operations on state highways. The intended audience is the
departments employees and others who develop traffic projects or conduct
traffic engineering studies on state highways. The information, guidelines,
andreferences herein are intended to support and complement sound
engineering judgment.
The Traffic Manual is available on the Internet and in print. It can be accessed
electronically at www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/m51-02.htm.
The online version allows you to do a word search of the entire manual.
Page 1-1
General Information
Chapter 1
Page 1-2
Chapter 1
General Information
Traffic Services also chairs the Urban Traffic Engineers Council (UTEC),
a group of Washington State city and county traffic, transportation, and
public works engineers and technicians, public works directors, managers,
planners, and related professionals. UTEC provides a forum for local
agencies to share ideas and information about traffic issues affecting local
agencies, through e-mail, listserv, and regular meetings. Meeting dates and
topics are listed at www.wsdot.wa.gov/localprograms/traffic/utec.htm.
For more information about these services, contact the Traffic Services
Branch Manager at www.wsdot.wa.gov/localprograms/staff.htm#trafficservices-manager.
Page 1-3
General Information
Chapter 1
Page 1-4
Chapter 1
General Information
Page 1-5
General Information
Chapter 1
Other Documents
The following reference documents may also be helpful in conducting traffic
related designs and analyses:
WSDOT Manuals www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/
Plans Preparation Manual (M 22-31)
Construction Manual (M 41-01)
Maintenance Manual (M 51-01)
Highway Advertising Control Act (M 22-95)
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) www.fhwa.dot.gov/
Traffic Control Systems Handbook
Traffic Monitoring Guide
AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials) www.transportation.org
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
Guidelines for Traffic Data Programs
TRB (Transportation Research Board) www.trb.org/main/public/home.aspx
Highway Capacity Manual
ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) www.ite.org/
Traffic Control Devices Handbook
Traffic Engineering Handbook
Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies
Traffic Detector Handbook
Other Reference Sources
The following internal reference sources may also be helpful in conducting
traffic engineering investigations and analyses:
SR View
Interchange Viewer
Washington State Highway Log
TRIPS WSDOT corporate mainframe database for transportation data
Internet Information www.wsdot.wa.gov
Page 1-6
Chapter 1
General Information
1.5 Abbreviations
Common abbreviations used in the Traffic Manual and other traffic engineering
related publications are:
AADT
AASHTO
ARM
CMS
CVISN
DMI/LRS
FHWA
GPS/LRS
HAR
HAC
HAL
HOV
HPMS
HSIS
ITE
ITS
MPO
MUTCD
NHS
PAL
PSRC
PTR
RCW
SMS
SP&P
SRMP
TEA-21
TDO
TRAC
WAC
WSDOT
WSP
WTSC
Page 1-7
General Information
Page 1-8
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Signs
2.1 General
Effective signing is the primary method to provide regulatory, warning, and
guidance information to transportation system users. Signing that is clear,
concise,and accurate supports safe, legal, and orderly travel on public roadways
and transportation facilities. Sign use must be limited and conservative since
signscan lose their effectiveness when used to excess. Signs are not typically
used to confirm Rules of the Road.
This chapter contains information about signing on the state roadway system
and is intended for persons involved in traffic operation or design. Specific
policies and guidelines are included that clarify the Manual of Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (MUTCD) information. Situations not addressed in this chapter
or the MUTCD may need to be determined on a case-by-case basis using
engineeringjudgment.
Where a change to the current sign installation is indicated by information in this
chapter, replace as the current signs service life is reached. MUTCD compliance
dates for some replacements are noted where applicable.
State law requires the department to adopt uniform standards for traffic control
devices, including signs, along public roadways. WAC 468-95 adopts the
MUTCD and Washington State Modifications to the MUTCD M 24-01 as
these standards. The MUTCD and WSDOT modifications provide guidance
on the intended use and placement of regulatory, warning, guide, and motorist
information signs, as well as specific information on sizes and installation.
Thischapter supplements the MUTCD and WSDOT modifications with specific
interpretations and unique applications for signs on the state highway system.
Guidelines for the use of traffic control signs are discussed in the following
MUTCD chapters:
MUTCD Location
Sign Type
Chapter 2B
Chapter 2C
Chapter 2D
Chapter 2E
Chapter 2F
Chapter 2G
Chapter 2H
Chapter 2I
Chapter 2J
Page 2-1
Signs
Chapter 2
Chapter 2L
Chapter 2M
Chapter 2N
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Page 2-2
Chapter 2
Signs
Where: N =
f =
(fps)
25
37
1.2
30
44
1.5
35
51
1.7
40
59
2.0
45
66
2.2
50
73
2.4
55
81
2.7
60
88
2.9
65
95
3.2
70
103
3.4
f Values by Speed
Table 2-1
Example message:
Page 2-3
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-4
Chapter 2
ORV
Ped
Pkwy
Pl
Pop
Pt
Rd
Rec Area
Res
RR
Rt
RV
S
SE
SW
Sea-Tac Airport
St
Temp
Thru
Univ
U.S.
USA
USFS
W
Wy
WSDOT
State Patrol
Xing
Signs
Page 2-5
Signs
Chapter 2
Sheeting Type
(Background)
Sheeting Type
(Legend, Symbols,
Border)
Ground Mounted
N/A
III or IV
N/A1
Overhead
N/A
IV
N/A
Ground Mounted
N/A
III or IV
N/A
Overhead
N/A
VIII or IX
N/A
N/A
II
III or IV
Sign Type
Regulatory
Warning
Guide Signs
Ground Mounted
Overhead Exit Only
Continuous2
Non-Continuous
Sign Light Required
III or
IV3
II
VIII or IX
III or IV
II
III or IV
N/A
III or IV
VIII or IX
N/A
III or IV
IV
N/A
II
III or IV
General Information
(I-Series Signs)
N/A
II
III or IV
N/A
VIII or IX
N/A
Milepost Markers
N/A
II
III or IV
N/A
II
III or IV
Fluorescent Orange
(Work Zone Signs)
N/A
N/A
1Red
Table 2-2
Page 2-6
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-7
Signs
Chapter 2
use of attention devices erodes their effectiveness and must be avoided. Therefore,
permanent attention devices must be re-evaluated every six to 12months for
continued effectiveness and re-approved by the region traffic engineer.
(4) Controlling Vegetation Around Signs
The departments maintenance crews are responsible for maintaining visibility
tosigns by clearing vegetation that obscures the full view of a sign face.
Thoughtful sign placement can reduce the need for vegetation control.
The following guidance will generally provide sign visibility. Greater clearing
may be necessary in some situations to achieve full visibility tothe sign.
Area Description
Distance*
Width**
200 feet
Varies
Rural
500 feet
Varies
800 feet
Varies
*Distance is measured in the direction that the sign faces, along the edge of the traveled way.
**Width varies. Clear vegetation from edge of pavement to 5 feet beyond the sign edge that
is farthest from the roadway, or to the edge of the right of way.
Table 2-3
Page 2-8
Chapter 2
Signs
Over 25,000
Under 25,000
Regulatory
City
State
Parking
City
City
Warning
City
State
Route Markers
State
State
State
State
Street Name
City
City
School
City
State
MIS Logo
City
City*
Informational
City
City
City
City
*The department may install these signs, if authorized through a specific agreement with a
city or town.
Page 2-9
Signs
Chapter 2
Sign message.
Sign size.
Letter height.
Direction of sign face.
Sheeting type and color.
Maintenance history.
The region Traffic Offices are responsible for keeping the TSMS up to
dateincluding:
Entering new sign data.
Collecting the Sign Activity Reports (SAR) from region maintenance
personnel and inputting that data to keep the TSMS current and factual.
Conducting periodic field inventories.
Inventorying all signs installed by contract.
Updating inventory after construction projects are completed.
Night reflectivity review.
The region maintenance personnel are responsible for filling out a Sign Activity
Report (SAR) that details each activity performed. This provides important
history and identifies needed maintenance actions. The SAR is sent to the region
Traffic Office for input into the TSMS. In some regions, maintenance personnel
input SAR data in cooperation with the region Traffic Office
Regions also provide TSMS reports to Traffic, Maintenance, or other offices
asrequested.
The Headquarters Traffic Operations Office is responsible for maintaining
and updating the TSMS program to meet the departments business needs,
including data storage and selective retrieval of sign inventory and maintenance
activitydata.
Page 2-10
Chapter 2
Signs
Sign Message
Sign Number
RCW
47.36.110
SPEED LIMIT
R2-1
46.61.405
R2-2
46.61.410
R2-4
46.61.425
46.61.165
R5-601
46.61.160
46.61.710
PARKING RESTRICTIONS
R7 SERIES
46.61.575
R7-801
46.61.581
R8 SERIES
46.61.570
46.61.255
PEDESTRIAN PROHIBITION
R5 SERIES
WAC 468-58-030
R12 SERIES
46.61.450
S5-1
46.61.440
RANGE AREA
16.24.060
LIMITED ACCESS
47.52.110
HITCHHIKING PERMITTED
I7-901
46.61.255
I8-501
46.61.428
HOV FACILITIES
BICYCLES MUST EXIT
NO MOTORIZED FOOT SCOOTERS
NO STOPPING RESTRICTIONS
NO HITCHHIKING
Page 2-11
Signs
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Signs
Do not place a speed limit sign between a CURVE or TURN warning sign
and the roadway curve or turn itself. Adjust the speed limit boundary
location if necessary, to avoid this placement.
See Appendix 2-1 for typical Speed Limit sign layout. See Section 2.08(4) for use
of the SPEED REDUCTION (W3-5) warning sign.
See Chapter 6 for information on setting permanent speed limits and Chapter 5
forguidelines on temporary construction zone speed limits.
(4) U-Turns
U-Turns are allowed at some roadway intersections, both inside and outside of
cities and towns. Signing may be installed to designate where U-turns are allowed
and that the side street must yield to the U-turn movement. Appendix 2-2 shows
typical U-turn signing associated with left turn lanes at signalized intersections.
(5) U-Turn Prohibition
The MUTCD states that TURN PROHIBITION signs (R3-1 through R3-4,
R318) shall be installed where U-turns are prohibited. U-turns are allowed where
the maneuver can be made safely, without interfering with other traffic, and at
least 500 feet fromahorizontal or vertical curve (RCW 46.61.295).
On limited access roadways, with median sections, restricted U-turn locations are
installed for use by law enforcement, maintenance, and emergency vehicles only
(RCW 47.52.120). Sign these median locations with a NOU-TURN (R3-4) sign.
(6) Two-Way Left Turn Lane
TWO-WAY LEFT TURN ONLY signs may be installed where a lane in the center
of a highway is reserved for the use of left-turning vehicles (in either direction)
and is not used for passing or overtaking. The post-mounted (R3-9a or R3-9b) or
the overhead mounted (R3-9) sign may be used to supplement two-way left turn
lane pavement markings. A plaque indicating BEGIN or END may be mounted
above either sign to identify the limits of the two-way left turn area.
Additional WSDOT criteria apply to the use of two-way left turn lane signs:
Install the initial sign near the beginning of the two-way left turn lane and
repeat installation as necessary, based on an analysis of operating conditions.
BEGIN or END plaques are not installed where a two-way left turn lane
is interrupted by left turn channelization on either one or both intersection
approaches.
(7) Auxiliary Climbing and Passing Lanes
For sections of state highway that include auxiliary climbing lanes:
Install a TRUCK LANE XXX FEET (R4-6) sign in advance of the
climbinglane.
Page 2-13
Signs
Chapter 2
Install a SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign near the beginning
ofthe climbing lane.
Install a RIGHT LANE ENDS (W9-1R) in advance of the climbing lane
terminus, where spacing allows.
Install a LANE ENDS (W4-2L) sign in advance of the climbing lane terminus.
A distance plaque may be installed as a supplement to thissign.
See Appendix 2-3 for signing layout.
For sections of state highway that include auxiliary passing lanes:
Install a PASSING LANE XXX MILES (R4-601) sign to mile in
advance of the passing lane. Show the approximate distance to thepassing
lane, measured to the nearest mile.
Install a KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS (R4-301) sign at the beginning
ofthe passing lane.
Install a RIGHT LANE ENDS (W9-1R) sign in advance of the passing lane
terminus, where spacing allows.
Install a LANE ENDS (W4-2L) sign in advance of the passing lane terminus.
A distance plaque may be installed as a supplement to thissign.
An optional NEXT PASSING LANE XXX MILES (R4-602) sign may
be installed up to 500 feet beyond the passing lane terminus to show the
approximate distance to the next passing lane.
See Appendix 2-4 for signing layout.
(8) Keep Right Except to Pass
The KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS sign (R4-301) may be used on multilane
roadways to remind motorists of state law RCW 46.61.100 which requires
vehicles to stay in the right lane of multilane roadways, except to pass. The sign
has also been installed at the request of law enforcement agencies to aid their
enforcement efforts at specific locations.
Use the following criteria when determining sign locations:
The preferred sign location is in the median.
Signs are not to be placed within mile in advance of an interchange.
Signs are not to be placed through an interchange area.
Signs are not to be placed within 5 miles of each other in the same direction
oftravel.
(9) Vehicles Over 10,000 lbs. Prohibited in Left Lane
VEHICLES OVER 10,000 LBS. PROHIBITED IN LEFT LANE (R4-302) signs
shall be installed on multilane roadways with three or more lanes in one travel
direction to remind large vehicles that they are prohibited from travel in the left
lane per RCW 46.61.100(3) and WAC 468-510-020.
Page 2-14
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-15
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-16
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-17
Signs
Chapter 2
48 x 48
36 x 36
Maximum Ball
Bank Reading
20 mph or less
14
25 and 30 mph
12
10
The TURN (W1-1) sign is used where the engineering and traffic investigation
indicates the advisory speed for a horizontal turn to be 30mph or less.
The CURVE (W1-2) sign is used where the engineering and traffic investigation
indicates the advisory speed for a horizontal curve to be from35mph to 65 mph.
Page 2-18
Chapter 2
Signs
Install the appropriate TURN or CURVE sign where the recommended curve
speed is 5 MPH or more below the posted speed limit.
Install a supplemental ADVISORY SPEED PLAQUE (W13-1) below the TURN
or CURVE sign if the advisory speed is 5 mph or more below the posted speed
limit, or if an engineering and traffic investigation indicates the need for the sign.
If a supplemental DISTANCE PLAQUE is used, such as beneath a WINDING
ROAD (W1-5L/R) sign, show the distance as a fraction of a mile rather than a
decimal ( mile rather than .5 mile). The fraction is more quickly read and easily
understood by the motorists.
(2) Hairpin Curve
Install a HAIRPIN CURVE sign (W1-901L/R) where the change in the roadway
horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, and:
A traffic engineering analysis of roadway, geometric, and operating conditions
shows the recommended curve speed to be 30 mph or less.
The recommended curve speed is equal to or less than the posted speedlimit.
Install a supplemental advisory speed plaque (W13-1) below the HAIRPIN
CURVE sign if an engineering and traffic investigation indicates the need for
thesign. A large arrow sign (W1-6) or chevron alignment signs (W1-8) should
beused in conjunction with the hairpin curve sign.
(3) Chevron Alignment
CHEVRON ALIGNMENT (W1-8) signs are used to provide emphasis and
guidance for a change in horizontal road alignment. When the curve advisory
speed is 15 mph or more below the speed limit, CHEVRONS shall be installed.
Refer to MUTCD Table 2C-5 for additional guidance.
Ifused, CHEVRONS shall be installed on the outside ofa turn or curve, in line
with and at approximately a right angle to approaching traffic. Install a minimum
of three signs in a series, with at least two signs visible to the motorist at all times
throughout the curve.
They should be installed on circular interchange ramps, or on other curving
alignments where run off the road crashes have demonstrated anoperational
deficiency.
(4) Speed Limit Reduction Ahead
The SPEED LIMIT REDUCTION AHEAD (W3-5) warning sign has replaced
the black on white SPEED LIMIT AHEAD XX regulatory sign. The SPEED
LIMIT REDUCTION AHEAD sign is installed at locations where the speed limit
reduces by 10mph or greater. On multilane divided roadways, install a SPEED
LIMIT REDUCTION AHEAD sign on both the left and right sides. Locate the
sign to allow sufficient distance to safely slow the vehicle to the reduced speed
asshown in Table 2-6.
Page 2-19
Signs
Chapter 2
V2 = 15 R (e + f)
Where:
Page 2-20
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-21
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-22
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-23
Signs
Chapter 2
Consider using these signs on sections of state highway where the paved
shoulder width is less than 4 feet and one or more of the following conditions
are met:
Average Daily Traffic volume is greater than 1,700 vehicles, based on the
most current WSDOT Annual Traffic Report.
Page 2-24
Chapter 2
Signs
(c) Share the Road WSDOT does not use the supplemental SHARE THE
ROAD (W16-1) plaque. Instead, use BIKES ON ROAD or a warning sign
that indicates the specific roadway condition, such as NO SHOULDERS
orNARROW SHOULDERS.
(d) Fire Station/Emergency Vehicle FIRE STATION/EMERGENCY
VEHICLE (W11-8) signs with the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD
(W1112P) supplemental plaque shall be placed in advance of all emergency
vehicle traffic control signals. The signs may also be installed at locations
where there is limited sight distance to the fire station road approach or where
the approach is in an area where a motorist would not normally expect to see
a fire truck or emergency vehicle enter the roadway. Fire station/emergency
vehicle warning signs are not generally used at intersections, unless an
emergency vehicle traffic control signal ispresent.
(e) Snowmobile A snowmobile crossing which is located at least 100 feet
from any public roadway intersection (RCW 46.10.100) may be signed with
SNOWMOBILE (W11-6) signs. This sign is seasonal and should be removed,
folded,or covered when the condition does not exist.
(f) Farm Machinery FARM MACHINERY signs (W11-5, W11-5A) may be
installed at locations where farm machinery or equipment enters, crosses,
or travels along a roadway and where there is limited sight distance or an
operational concern. If the farm machinery will be on the roadway for more
than mile, a supplemental DISTANCE PLAQUE (W13-401) may be added.
Page 2-25
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-26
Existing DEER CROSSING sign locations should be reviewed every five years.
WSDOT Traffic Manual M 51-02.05
April 2011
Chapter 2
Signs
Cattle signs are not used for the movement of livestock along a highway
such as a sheep or cattle drive. Requests for temporary traffic control to
accommodate livestock movement are handled by the region on a case by
case basis.
Page 2-27
Signs
Chapter 2
Category
3 Points
9 Points
27 Points
81 Points
Cut or Fill
Slope Erosion
Settlement
or Piping
Slow Moving
Landslides
Rapid Landslides
or Debris Flow
Minor Rockfall
Good Catchment
Moderate Rockfall
Fair Catchment
Major Rockfall
Limited Catchment
Major Rockfall
No Catchment
< 5,000
5,000 to 20,000
20,000 to 40,000
> 40,000
Decision Sight
Distance
Adequate
Moderate
Limited
Very Limited
Impact of Failure
onRoadway
< 50 Feet
50 to 200 Feet
Roadway Impedance
Shoulder Only
of Roadway
of Roadway
Full Roadway
25% to 50%
of the Time
50% to 75%
of the Time
Pavement Damage
Minor Not
Noticeable
Moderate Driver
Must Slow
Severe Driver
Must Stop
Extreme Not
Traversable
Failure Frequency
No Failures in
Last 5 Years
One Failure in
Last 5 Years
One Failure
Each Year
< $5,000
per Year
$5,000 to $10,000
per Year
$10,000 to $50,000
per Year
> $50,000
per Year
No Detours
Required
Short Detours
< 3 Miles
Long Detours
> 3 Miles
Sole Access
No Detours
0 or 1
2 or 3
4 or 5
>5
Annual Maintenance
Costs
Economic Factor
Accidents in
Last 10Years
Rating Criteria
Table 2-7
Page 2-28
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-29
Signs
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Signs
The region traffic engineer must approve any school bus stops onlimited access
facilities (WAC 468-58-030) and provide this information to the State Traffic
Engineer who maintains an inventory of the locations.
(2) School Bus Turnaround
The SCHOOL BUS TURNAROUND sign (S3-201) may be installed to alert
motorists to an upcoming school bus turnaround location, where minimum sight
distance to the turnaround is less than that shown in MUTCD Table 2C-4, or when
other operational factors indicate the need for a warning sign. Department policy
is to not use the SCHOOL BUS TURN AHEAD sign as shown in the MUTCD.
(3) Signing for Reduced School Zone Speed Limit
Reduced speed limits in school zones are established in compliance with
RCW46.61.440(1) which establishes a 20 mph speed zone at a marked school
or playground crosswalk when the crosswalk is posted with standard school
or playground speed limit signing. See Section 6.4 for additional information on
reduced school speed zones.
Standard reduced school zone speed limit signing at a marked school or
playground crosswalk is shown in Appendix 2-12 and includes:
The SCHOOL (S1-1) sign with AHEAD plaque (W16-9P).
The SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT (S5-101) sign assembly.
The SCHOOL (S1-1) sign with ARROW plaque (W16-7P).
The END SCHOOL ZONE (S5-2) sign with the subsequent SPEED LIMIT
(R2-1) sign below.
The SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT (S5-501) sign assembly consists of three sections:
1. SCHOOL legend (S4-3) with black letters on a fluorescent yellow green
background.
2. 20 MPH SPEED LIMIT sign (R1-1).
3. WINDOW OF ENFORCEMENT legend.
The enforcement legend is determined by the school district and can be any of
thefollowing:
WHEN FLASHING (S5-1) used in conjunction with a flashing beacon above
the sign, as described in MUTCD Section 4L.04.
WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT (S5-101) used in conjunction with
definitions provided in WAC 392-151-035 and WAC 468-95-350.
WHEN FLAGGED (S5-102) used in conjunction with warning flags that
are installed on the sign during the window of enforcement. Theschool is
responsible for installation and removal of the flags.
X:00 A.M. TO X:00 A.M./P.M. (S4-5) used to display the specific hours of the
school speed limit.
WSDOT Traffic Manual M 51-02.05
April 2011
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Signs
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Page 2-34
Chapter 2
Signs
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Signs
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Page 2-36
Chapter 2
Signs
US 2
EB from Everett
Wenatchee
EB from Wenatchee
Spokane
EB from Spokane
Newport
Spokane
WB from Spokane
Davenport
WB from Davenport
Wenatchee
WB from Wenatchee
Everett
I-5
NB from Vancouver, WA
Seattle
NB from Seattle
Vancouver, B.C.
Seattle
SB from Seattle
Portland
US 12
EB from Aberdeen
Olympia
EB from Elma
Centralia
EB from I-5
Yakima
EB from Yakima
Richland
EB from Pasco
Walla Walla
Lewiston
Walla Walla
Pasco
WB from Richland
Yakima
WB from Yakima
Interstate 5
WB from I-5
Aberdeen
SR 14
EB from Vancouver
I-82/Kennewick
WB from I-82
Vancouver
SR 20
EB from Keystone
Anacortes
EB from Anacortes
Burlington
EB from Burlington
Okanogan
EB from Okanogan
Colville
EB from Colville
Newport
Colville
WB from Colville
Okanogan
WB from Okanogan
Burlington
WB from Burlington
Anacortes
WB from Anacortes
Coupeville
Page 2-37
Signs
Chapter 2
I-82
EB from Ellensburg
Yakima
EB from Yakima
Richland
EB from Richland
Pendleton
Kennewick
WB from Kennewick
Yakima
WB from Yakima
Ellensburg
I-90
EB from Seattle
Ellensburg
EB from Ellensburg
Spokane
EB from Spokane
Coeur dAlene
Spokane
WB from Spokane
Ellensburg
WB from Ellensburg
Seattle
US 97
NB from Oregon State Line
Yakima
NB from Ellensburg
Wenatchee
NB from Wenatchee
Okanogan
NB from Okanogan
Penticton, B.C.
Wenatchee
SB from Wenatchee
Ellensburg
SB from Yakima
Goldendale
US 101
NB from Oregon State Line
Aberdeen
NB from Aberdeen
Port Angeles
NB from Olympia
Port Angeles
Olympia
Aberdeen
SB from Aberdeen
Astoria
I-182
EB from I-82
Richland
EB from Richland
Pasco
WB from Pasco
Richland
WB from Richland
I-82/Yakima
US 195
Page 2-38
Spokane
SB from Spokane
Lewiston
Chapter 2
Signs
I-205
NB from Oregon State Line
Seattle
Salem
US 395
NB from Oregon State Line
Kennewick
NB from Pasco
Spokane
NB from Spokane
Colville
NB from Colville
Spokane
SB from Ritzville
Pasco
I-405
NB from Jct. I-5 (Southcenter)
Renton
NB from Renton
Bellevue
NB from Bellevue
Everett
Bellevue
SB from Bellevue
Renton
Page 2-39
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Chapter 2
Page 2-40
Chapter 2
Signs
Consider how the proposed signing will affect local roadway traffic
operations. Work with the local agency to determine the route to a destination
and the sign locations. In general, sign to the supplemental destination from
the interchange or intersecting road that provides the most direct route to
thedestination.
Determine if follow-through signing is needed and work with the local agency
to determine sign locations. Local agencies assume responsibility for sign
installation and maintenance and must concur with any proposed signs.
Avoid signing to destinations that require complex navigation on multiple
highways, unless the activity is of national significance.
(3) Destination Selection Priorities
(a) Over-Flow Messages From Primary Guide Signs Occasionally, essential
messages cannot be included on primary guide signs due tospace limitations.
Instead, place these essential messages on supplemental guide signs, giving
them priority over any other supplemental sign messages.
(b) Destinations Mandated by Statute
1. State Parks State law (RCW 47.36.290) directs the department to
install guide signing on interstate highways to State Parks located
within 15 miles of the highway. These destinations have first priority on
supplemental guide signs on interstate highways. Additionally, WSDOT
policy is to install guide signs to a State Park within 15miles of any
statehighway.
The department installs and maintains these signs and provides follow
through signing on any state route that connects the state highway to the
park. All State Park signs shall have white letters, symbols, and border
ona brown background.
The State Parks and Recreation Commission is responsible for any State
Park signing not located on a state highway.
a. Freeway and Expressway Interchanges
Page 2-41
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-42
Chapter 2
Signs
State Park Closed
Figure 2-1
Page 2-43
Signs
Chapter 2
If the shopping center is not clearly visible from the state highway point
of exit, follow-through signing must be in place on city or county roads
prior to mainline sign installation.
Signing on the state highway to a county road or city street that bears the
name of the regional shopping center fulfills the statutory requirements
for signing to those centers.
(c) Other Supplemental Guide Sign Destinations The following nonprioritized list includes examples of destinations (traffic generators) that
may warrant supplemental guide signing. It is intended to aid in determining
appropriate destinations.
Airports
Amtrak/Other Railroad
Business Routes
Colleges/Universities
Event Venues, Fairgrounds
Ferries
Historic District (may be signed as a Tourist Activity under MIS program
ifguide signs are full)
Industrial Parks
Military Installations
National Parks
Natural/Cultural/Historic Attractions
Park and Ride Lots
Ports/Port Districts
Recreational Areas
Scenic Byways
Stadiums (Sports Facilities)
Tribal Reservations
USFS (Headquarters Facilities/Campground)
Page 2-44
Chapter 2
Signs
Airports that have scheduled flights can be signed with the airport name.
Allother airports are signed with the airport symbol or word message.
Existing signs to airports that do not meet these criteria may remain in place
until a higher priority destination warrants a supplemental sign.
Page 2-45
Signs
Chapter 2
The Amtrak symbol plaque or other approved logo sign may be installed
as part of a multi-modal transportation logo board, along with approved
symbols for other modes of transportation.
(3) Business Route
BUSINESS ROUTE signs (M4-3) direct motorists to alternate routes passing
through the business portion of a city or through a district of continuous business
development. BUSINESS ROUTE signing is generally installed at the request
of a local agency. It is not permitted where MOTORIST INFORMATION (MIS)
signing is installed.
Any addition or deletion of an Interstate or US highway segment as a Business
Route must first be approved by AASHTO. Proposals to add or delete such routes
should be sent to the departments GeoMetrix Office.
Designated Business Routes may be signed as follows:
Install signing on a state highway business route only if it passes adequately
and logically through a business district.
BUSINESS LOOP (M1, 2, or 3) trailblazers along the route are installed and
maintained by the local agency which has jurisdiction over the business route.
A written agreement clarifies the jurisdiction.
(4) Colleges and Universities
Supplemental signing may be considered for a State College or University, their
satellite campuses, other regional public or private colleges and universities,
and technical schools if they meet the guidelines below and if sign spacing
requirements can be met.
Signing is installed from the state highway nearest the campus and is limited
to the nearest and most direct interchange or intersection. Signing may also be
installed from a freeway or expressway to a conventional state highway where the
conventional highway is used primarily by local traffic. Signing is not provided
from a freeway or expressway to another freeway or expressway.
Supplemental signing may be installed when:
The school is accredited in Washington State. Accredited schools are listed on
the Northwest Commission on Colleges andUniversities (NWCCU) agency
website at www.nwccu.org.
The main or satellite campus is located within 5 miles of a statehighway.
Enrollment criteria are met. Call the Higher Education Coordinating Board at
360-753-7800 for the current enrollment figures.
Page 2-46
Chapter 2
Signs
Enrollment criteria (including part time and full time) based on any semester or
quarter within the last school year:
4,500 students in a major metropolitan area (50,000 or greater).
2,500 students in an urban area (5,000-49,999).
1,000 students in a rural area.
In metropolitan and urban areas where two or more colleges or universities share
a common campus, enrollments may be combined. The enrollment for the minor
school should be at least 1,000 students. Metropolitan and urban area boundaries
can be determined from the state urban boundary map.
If school enrollment falls below the minimum number for one year, the school will
be given written notice that the highway signing will be removed if the following
fall semester or quarter enrollment does not reach the minimum number.
Two schools may not share the same sign, if they do not share a common campus.
If two schools are located in the same area, but do not share a common campus,
determine which school is shown on the sign by the following order of priority:
State university.
State college.
Private university or college.
Technical college or school.
University Mascot Logos At a Universitys request, a University mascot logo
may be installed on guide signs under the following conditions:
It is a State University.
The university name is already displayed on the guide sign.
Mascot logos may be added only on signs for main campuses.
The university must supply the logos and pay all costs including engineering,
fabrication, installation, and traffic control.
Maximum logo size is 30 x 30.
If there is insufficient space to display a mascot logo on the sign face, the logo
will be installed directly above the upper left-hand corner of the guide sign. If the
university wants the logo incorporated onto the face of the guide sign, they have
the option of paying for a complete new guide sign to include the logo.
When the guide sign is due for replacement, it may be enlarged to incorporate the
mascot logo onto the sign face at no cost to theuniversity.
Page 2-47
Signs
Chapter 2
Periodic reviews by region personnel ensure that signing is displayed only for
attractions that meet eligibility criteria and that signs are removed or covered
when the attraction is closed for the season, no longer meets criteria, or is
no longer in operation. Reviews may also identify new attractions that meet
eligibilitycriteria.
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Signs
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Chapter 2
Page 2-50
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-51
Signs
Chapter 2
For activities more than 1 mile from a freeway interchange, display mileage
information on the ramp terminal sign. Onconventional roads, show the
mileage on the direction signs.Thehours of operation may also be shown.
Recreation signs without symbols shall be white letters on a green
background. Replaceexisting brown and white signs as service life expires.
Figure 2-2
Figure 2-3
Page 2-52
Chapter 2
Signs
Public Recreation Areas Display the AREA NAME (e.g., CAPITAL FOREST).
Multiple Agency Recreation Areas Display the AREA NAME (e.g.,
CUSHMAN-STAIRCASE RECREATION AREA) and each agencys logo.
Donot include recreational activity symbols on multi-agency signs. Requesting
agencies shall coordinate installation of follow-through signing with local
roadjurisdictions.
The following symbol plaques may be used:
Recreational Activity
Picnic Area
D7-2201
Fishing
D7-1301
Trailer Camping
D9-3a
Boat Launch
D7-1101
Swimming
D7-1401
Hiking*
D7-501
Skiing
D7-2001
Snowmobile Area
D7-2101
D7-701
D7-1402
Page 2-53
Signs
Chapter 2
Examples:
Page 2-54
Chapter 2
Signs
Governmental
Research/Experimental Facilities
County Facilities
Courthouses
Vehicle Emissions Testing Facilities
Drivers and Vehicle License Centers
Transportation Buildings
Civil Defense Facilities
Maintenance Facilities
Power Plants
Schools
Grade/High
Seminaries
Medical
Mental Facilities
Research Facilities
Sanitariums
Infirmaries or Treatment Centers
County, Fraternal, or Nursing Homes
Retirement Facilities
Humane Facilities
Military Sites or Detachments
Armories
Arsenals
Tree Nurseries/Arboretums
Camps
Scout, Church, 4-H, Youth, and YMCA/YWCA (because these are not open to
thepublic).
Page 2-55
Signs
Chapter 2
Sign Fabrication
Number
Gas
D9-11
Food
D9-8
Lodging
D9-9
Phone
D9-1
Hospital
D9-2
D9-13
Camping
D9-3
D9-301
RV Sanitary Station
D9-12
Restrooms
D9-7
Propane
D9-15
Table 2-8
Page 2-56
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Page 2-57
Signs
Chapter 2
(3) Food
The facility must be licensed or approved by the appropriate county health
agency.
The facility must operate for at least 12 uninterrupted hours per day,
sevendays per week, and serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Location shall include free ADA accessible public restroom facilities with
a sink and running water for hand washing, a flush toilet, toilet tissue, and
sanitary towels or other hand-drying devices. Restroom facilities shall contain
appropriate locks for occupant security.
A telephone must be available to the public.
Seating capacity for a minimum of 20 patrons and parking for a minimum of
ten vehicles, or drive-in service facilities must beprovided.
The facility must be within 1 mile of an interstate highway interchange,
orwithin 5 miles, and not readily visible from a noninterstate highway.
(4) Lodging
The facility must be licensed by the Washington State Department of Health.
Check licensed facilities at https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/facilitysearch/.
Facilities signed from an interstate highway must have 12 units or more,
eachwith a private bath.
Facilities signed from non-interstate highways must have six units or more,
each with a private bath.
A telephone must be available to the public.
The facility must be within 1 mile of an interstate highway interchange,
orwithin 5 miles, and not readily visible from a noninterstate highway.
(5) Phone
Phone must be available 24 hours per day, seven days per week.
The phone must be located within 1 mile of an interstate highway interchange.
Phone signing is not required if another service near the interchange has met
the phone criteria as part of qualification.
(6) Hospital
Continuous emergency care service must be available, with a doctor onduty,
or on immediate call 24 hours per day, seven days per week.
Written certification of emergency care capability must be obtained from the
Washington State Department of Health and provided to the department prior
to sign installation.
The hospital must be located not more than 20 minutes driving time from the
interchange or intersection.
Page 2-58
Chapter 2
Signs
For an area with two or more qualifying hospitals, provide signs to the closest
facility, by approach direction, located within 20 minutes driving time from
the interchange or intersection.
Follow-through trailblazer signs are required from the highway to the hospital.
They shall be installed and maintained by the local agency.
(7) Emergency Medical Services Facility
The facility must operate continuously 24 hours per day, seven days per week.
Written certification of emergency care capability must be obtained from the
Washington State Department of Health and provided to the department prior
to sign installation.
The facility must at all times have:
A Physician, a Registered Nurse, or a Paramedic on duty.
Or, an Emergency Medical Technician on duty, plus a Physician,
Registered Nurse, or Paramedic on immediate call.
Emergency transportation capabilities must be available.
The facility must be located within 20 minutes driving time of the highway.
For an area with two or more qualifying emergency care facilities, install signs
to the closest facility (by approach direction).
Do not use the Emergency Medical Services Facility sign if a hospital sign is
installed at that intersection or interchange.
(8) Camping
Must be licensed or approved.
Campground facilities must be within 5 miles of an interstate highway
interchange, or within 8 miles of, and not readily visible from a noninterstate
highway.
Facilities must have at least 20camping sites, 10 of which will accommodate
tents.
Facilities shall provide free ADA accessible public restrooms with asink and
running water for hand washing, a flush toilet, toilet tissue, and sanitary towels
or other hand-drying devices. Restroom facilities shall contain appropriate
locks for occupant security.
Facilities shall provide free potable drinking water and free cups, asnecessary,
for public use.
Camp area facilities must be available 24 hours per day with a fulltime
attendant on duty.
For seasonal operations, the department removes or covers the sign with a
CLOSED plaque during the off season.
Page 2-59
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Signs
Page 2-61
Signs
Chapter 2
In urban areas, STREET NAME signs are installed at the intersection. For
significant cross streets, channelized intersections, and at signalized intersections,
ADVANCE STREET NAME signs should also be installed. Place them 200 feet
or more in advance of intersections to alert motorists to the upcoming roadway
and the possibility of turns or lane changes, etc. Adirectional chevron may be
used on the street name sign indicating the direction of the sidestreet.
In rural areas, where a county road intersects the state highway, a STREET
NAME sign identifying the state route is installed above the state installed STOP
sign. Thecounty is responsible for the original installation, and the department
maintains these signs.
Where ADVANCE INTERSECTION WARNING signs are used, (primarily in
rural or suburban areas) it is WSDOT policy to install the black on yellow ROAD
NAME (D3-201) sign above or below the INTERSECTION WARNING sign.
On city streets that are part of state highways, the local agency shall install and
maintain street signs within the corporate limits (RCW47.24.020).
Use this table to determine appropriate letter size for street name signs:
Roadway Type
Single or
Multilane
Single
Lane
Single
Lane
Multilane
Multilane
Signal
Mast Arm
25
3045
50+
3040
45+
N/A
4/3
6/4.5
6/4.5
6/4.5
8/6
12/9 #
6/4.5*
6/4.5
6/4.5
6/4.5
8/6
N/A
Fabrication Number
D3-101
D3-102
D3-101
D3-102
D3-103
D3-201
D3-301
D3-302**
D3-401
D3-101
D3-102
D3-103
D3-201
D3-301
D3-302**
D3-401
D3-101
D3-102
D3-103
D3-201
D3-301
D3-302**
D3-401
D3-101
D3-102
D3-201
D3-301
D3-302**
D3-401
D3-501
*Use only at urban signalized intersections and channelized intersections with exclusive turn lanes.
**Use at Advance Street Name sign installations only.
#For posted speed limits less than 40 mph, 8/6 letter heights may be used.
Table 2-9
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Page 2-66
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Signs
The city or community group is responsible for maintaining the marker and any
associated landscaping. Inadequate maintenance of either, as determined by the
department, may result in marker removal.
If a highway project (such as roadway widening) will displace an ENTRANCE
MARKER, the city or community group is responsible for relocating and/or
removing it. Markers not relocated shall be removed by WSDOT, with removal
and disposal costs billed to the city or community group.
(a) Entrance Markers on Limited Access Highways The total marker area
shall not exceed 100 square feet, and the message area shall not exceed
approximately 60 square feet. At highway interchanges, the marker must be
oriented so it can be read by the motorist leaving the rampand not by the
motorist on the highway mainline.
Non-Profit Service Club Plaques (i.e., Kiwanis, Lions, Rotary) may not
be installed on ENTRANCE MARKERS within limited access highways.
Thesesigns are considered to be Type (1)(c) signs and are regulated under
theScenic Vistas Act (RCW 47.42 and WAC 468-66).
1. Interstate ENTRANCE MARKERS installed on Interstate right of way
require FHWA approval. The State Traffic Engineer reviews the design
and placement of city ENTRANCE MARKER requests on interstate
roadways before recommending approval to the FHWA. Ifapproved, the
marker is placed between the interchange ramp and the right of way line,
in the area of the ramp terminal with the connecting city street, and not
visible to mainline traffic.
2. Non-Interstate The region traffic engineer approves the design
and placement of the marker on non-interstate routes. If there are any
deviations from the guidelines above, the design must be submitted to the
State Traffic Engineer for approval. For undivided highways, the marker
is placed just inside corporate limits, or at the far side of an intersection
located inside corporate limits.
The region traffic engineer shall approve the design and placement of the
marker. If there are any deviations from the guidelines, the design and
placement must be submitted to the State Traffic Engineer for approval.
Page 2-67
Signs
Chapter 2
Install the city ENTRANCE MARKER inside the city limits, beyond the
curb line or outside edge of the roadway. ENTRANCE MARKERS for
unincorporated communities may be considered for placement on state
highway right of way. The marker must be located beyond the clear zone
ifitdoes not meet break-away standards.
Chapter 2
Signs
Signs
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-71
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Chapter 2
Page 2-72
Chapter 2
Signs
Page 2-73
Signs
Chapter 2
Page 2-74
Appendix 2-1
Page 2-75
Appendix 2-2
Page 2-76
Appendix 2-3
Page 2-77
Appendix 2-4
Page 2-78
Appendix 2-5
Page 2-79
Appendix 2-6
Page 2-80
Appendix 2-7
Page 2-81
Appendix 2-8
Page 2-82
Appendix 2-9
Page 2-83
Appendix 2-10
Page 2-84
Appendix 2-11
Page 2-85
Lateral Clearance Markers
Appendix
2-11A
Objects Within Inside Shoulder
Page 2-86
Appendix 2-12
Page 2-87
Appendix 2-13
Page 2-88
Appendix 2-14
Crossroad Interchange
Approach Guide Signs
Page 2-89
Appendix 2-15
Expressway Intersection
Approach Guide Signs
Page 2-90
Appendix 2-16
Expressway Interchange
Approach Guide Signs
Page 2-91
Appendix 2-17
Page 2-92
Appendix 2-18
Page 2-93
Appendix 2-19
Page 2-94
Appendix 2-20
Page 2-95
Appendix 2-21
Page 2-96
Appendix 2-22
Urban
Area2
Rural
Area
35
20
15
4,500
2,500
1,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
Major Recreation
Areas
300,000
250,000
100,000
National Parks
State Parks6
15
15
15
USFS Facilities
(Campgrounds, HQs)
10
Type of Generator
Airports
(destination name
only, not symbol)
Specific Criteria
Industrial Parks
Ports/Port Districts
Event Venues
Annual attendance.
1Population
Page 2-97
Appendix 2-23
Signing to Amtrak
Page 2-98
Appendix 2-24
Telephone Number
_____________________________________
E-mail Address
_____________________________________
______________________
Date
Page 2-99
Appendix 2-25
Adopt-a-Highway Signs
for Volunteer Groups
Page 2-100
Appendix 2-26
Adopt-a-Highway Signs
for Business Spnsored Groups
Page 2-101
Page 2-102
Chapter 3
Delineation
3.1 General
Delineation is the pavement markings, guideposts, and raised pavement
markers used on and adjacent to the roadway to define vehicular travel paths.
The MUTCD, Design Manual, and Standard Plans provide delineation
placement guidelines.
The Roadway Delineation Practices Handbook, published by FHWA,
discusses specialized materials and delineation treatments for unique
applications and situations. This handbook does not establish policies or
standards but is only a reference document.
Page 3-1
Delineation
Chapter 3
State law, in the Rules of the Road RCW 46.61.100 RCW 46.61.165,
identifies several situations with a statutory no passing zone distance
such as ...when approaching within 100 feet of or transversing any
intersection or railroad crossing... or ...the view is obstructed upon
approaching within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel....
However, state law does not imply a need to mark no passing zones for
such situations.
3.3 Guideposts
Guideposts, discussed in the MUTCD as delineators, are light retroreflecting
devices mounted at the side of the roadway to indicate roadway alignment.
They are effective aids for night, wet, or other reduced visibility driving
conditions and are intended to guide rather than warn motorists.
Page 3-2
Chapter 3
Delineation
The State Traffic Engineer has approved the use of reflective markers to
supplement right edge lines in these locations:
On the taper in lane reduction sections, such as from four lane to
twolane.
Through sections with reduced lane width, such as narrow structures.
At the gore of exit ramps.
Page 3-3
Delineation
Chapter 3
The details for installation of the recessed marker are contained in the
Standard Plans.
Recessed markers and recessed lane lines are expensive and data is still
being collected to determine effectiveness and expected life. As a result,
the criteria for application and installation are still subject to change and
the State Traffic Engineers office should be contacted when recessed
markers or recessed lane lines are being considered.
Page 3-4
Chapter 3
Delineation
Delineation
Figure 3-1
Figure 3-1
Page 3-4
Traffic Manual
July 1993
Page 3-5
Delineation
Page 3-6
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
4.1 MUTCD
The MUTCD, SectionIV, discusses the types ofsignals and their application,
and provides warrants and other guidelines used to justify signal installations.
Page 4-1
Chapter 4
4.6 Illumination
A. General. Transportation facility illumination enhances visual perception
of conditions or features that require additional driver or pedestrian
alertness. This is accomplished through the use of materials and
techniques that result in optimum energy efficient illumination designs.
B. References
RCW 47.24.020.
Page 4-2
Chapter 4
Footcandle (fc). The unit of illumination used whenthe foot is the unit
oflength; the illumination of a surface one square foot in area on which is
uniformly distributed a flux of one lumen. A footcandle equals one lumen
per square foot.
Design footcandles (Dfc). The average light level on the roadway at
the end of rated life.
Initial footcandles (Ifc). The average light level on the roadway after
the first 200 hours ofoperation.
Page 4-3
Page 4-4
Chapter 4
Lamp Lumens (LL). The total light output from alamp for the
position in which the lamp is maintained. LL for a standard luminaire is
37,000lumens.
Major Parking Lot. Major parking lots for park and ride, carpool,
and ferry terminal facilities are those with nighttime usage exceeding
50vehicles during the nighttime peak hour.
Chapter 4
Nighttime. The period of time from one-half hour after sunset to one-half
hour before sunrise and any other time when persons or objects may not
be clearly discernible at a distance of 500feet (RCW 46.04.200 Hours
ofDarkness).
Uniformity Ratio (UR). The ratio of the average light level on a section
to the weak point light level of the same section for those applications
when uniformity rates applies. The minimum uniformity rates are 4:1
approaching 1:1. Uniformity ratio requirements do not apply to security
orsingle source applications.
Walkway. The connection between two areas over which the user is
required to travel in order to utilize available services. Typical examples
are as follows:
Walkways between parking areas and rest room buildings at rest areas.
Walkways between drop-off or pick-up points and bus loading areas
atflyer stops.
Walkways between parking areas and bus loading areas.
For the purpose of this section bicycle trails, walking trails, pet trails, etc.,
are not considered walkways.
Weak Point Light (WPL). The lowest light level within the area being
illuminated. The minimum WPL is 0.2 footcandles for applications where
uniformity criteria applies.
Page 4-5
Chapter 4
D. Approval Requirements
1. General. WSDOT is responsible for illumination on state highways
with access control regardless of location and for illumination of
highways without access control located outside of the corporate
limits of any city. Cities are responsible for illumination of state
highways without access control located within their corporate
limits. In cities with a population under 22,500 where the state is
responsible for signalization, the state may assume responsibility
forillumination installed on signal standards in the interest of
reducingintersectionclutter.
Any proposal that provides less than or more than basic illumination
at these facilities requires approval of the State Traffic Engineer.
Basicillumination applications are shown on Figures41, 4-2, and 4-3.
Page 4-6
Chapter 4
Illumination of the following facilities will not require the State Traffic
Engineers approval.
Construction zones.
Detours.
Railroad crossings without gates or signals.
Walkways.
Bicycle trails.
Minor parking lots.
Pavement transitions, including drop lanes.
Page 4-7
Chapter 4
Page 4-8
Chapter 4
Page 4-9
Chapter 4
Requirements for nighttime light levels for long tunnels are the
same as those noted for short tunnels.
Page 4-10
Chapter 4
Illumination at intersections.
Illumination at railroad crossings.
Security lighting at bus loading zones at park and ride lots, and
at flyerstops.
Security lighting in parking areas at park and ride lots, ferry
terminals, and pool-it lots.
Illumination for walkways at park and ride lots, flyer stops,
ferry terminals, and rest areas.
Illumination for parking areas and conflict points at rest areas.
Detour illumination.
Construction illumination.
Illumination installed on nonaccess controlled highways by
accident warrant.
The single luminaire in the vicinity of the public telephone at
truck weigh stations.
b. Continuous Nighttime Operation With Reduction Capability.
Controls for these applications will normally consist of a photocell
control for sunset turn-on and sunrise turn-off along with another
mechanism capable of providing independent nighttime turn-off
and turn-on. This mechanism will override photocell control only
during periods of energy crisis. The following applications will
require this type of control:
Illumination in excess of basic levels on access controlled
highways.
Illumination in excess of basic levels installed on ramp
segments because of nighttime backups that routinely occur
due to ramp terminal intersection control.
c. Noncontinuous Nighttime Operations. Controls for these
applications will normally consist of a photocell control for
sunset turn-on and sunrise turn-off along with another mechanism
capable of providing independent nighttime turn-on and turnoff. This mechanism will override photocell control on a regular
basis, during periods of low use. If requested by the WSP,
manual switching may be provided inside scale houses at truck
weigh stations. The following applications will require this type
ofcontrol:
Illumination in excess of security levels in parking areas at
park and ride lots, ferry terminals, and pool-it lots.
Page 4-11
Chapter 4
Page 4-12
Chapter 4
H. Example Applications
1. Spacing and Uniformity Ratio Calculation. Determine the spacing
and uniformity ratio for the intersection in Figure 47. Channelization
is painted, highway class is other, and area classification is
intermediate. Utilize standard luminaires, standard mounting height
and standard base location.
Page 4-13
Chapter 4
S =
S
LL
CU
MF
Dfc
W
LL CU MF
Dfc W
=
=
=
=
=
=
Spacing
Initial Lamp Lumens
Coefficient of Utilization
Maintenance Factor
Design Footcandles
Roadway Width
127
Dfc = 1.2
= 1.27 fc
120
Check uniformity at mid spacing in center of the roadway.
Page 4-14
Dfc
UR =
WPL
Chapter 4
Dfc
1.27
UR =
=
= 1.4:1 0K
WPL 0.9 fc
Check to see if 0.2 fc is provided at the left turn lane full width point.
Since 0.10 fc is less than 0.20 fc, additional light standards will be
required to illuminate the approach. A new calculation is required
sincethe design light level on the approach is 0.8 fc versus 1.2 fc
forthe intersection.
37,000 0.26 0.62
X =
= 191 feet
39 0.8
Round to 190 feet and adjust Dfc
191
Dfc = 0.8
= 0.80 fc
190
Check WPL at half spacing in the center of theroadway.
Page 4-15
Chapter 4
310 watts
1.2 = 1.55 amps
240 volts
First check No. 8 wiring. From Figure 4-12, the lineloss is:
Total
10,000
amp-ft
= 15.0 volts
4,000
amp-ft
= 6.0 volts
800
amp-ft
= 1.2 volts
14,800
amp-ft
= 22.2 volts
Try changing the wiring from the service to Luminaire 5 to No. 6 wire
with the remainder No.8wire.
Service to 5 (10,850 amp-ft) No. 6
10,000 amp-ft = 9.7 volts
900 amp-ft = 0.9 volts
Total
10,900 amp-ft = 10.6 volts
5 to 1 (14,800 - 10,900
= 3,900 amp-ft) No. 8
3,000 amp-ft = 4.5 volts
900 amp-ft = 1.4 volts
Total
3,900 amp-ft = 5.9 volts
Page 4-16
Chapter 4
Figure 4-1
Figure 4-1
Traffic Manual
July 1993
Page 4-11
Page 4-17
Chapter 4
Figure 4-2
Figure 4-2
Page 4-12
Page 4-18
Traffic Manual
July 1993
WSDOT Traffic Manual M 51-02.03
October 2009
Chapter 4
Figure 4-3
Traffic Manual
July 1993
Page 4-13
Figure 4-3
Page 4-19
Chapter 4
Figure 4-4
Lamp
High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide
Mercury Vapor
Page 4-20
Chapter 4
Signals and Illumination
Figure 4-7
Figure 4-7
Page 4-16
Traffic Manual
July 1993
Page 4-21
Chapter 4
Figure 4-8
Figure 4-8
Traffic Manual
July 1993
Page 4-22
Page 4-17
Chapter 4
Figure 4-9
Page 4-23
Chapter 4
Figure 4-10
Page 4-24
Chapter 4
Load No.
1
2
3
4
5-6-7
Service
7
6
5-4-3-2-1
Service
Load (A)
AMPS
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.55
4.65
Loads (A)
(AMPS)
1.55
3.10
4.65
6.20
10.85
Distance (D)
(FT)
250
250
250
250
1,000
A x D (AMP-FT)
390
780
1,160
1,550
10,850
1.55
1.55
7.75
1.55
3.10
10.85
250
500
1,000
390
1,550
10,850
AD (AMP-FT)
390
1170
2,330
3,880
14,730
Say 14, 800
390
1,940
12,790
Say 12,800
Page 4-25
WIRE
SIZE AWG
4/0
Chapter 4
3/0
2/0
1/0
Amperes
Feet
Volts Drop
500,000
95.9
120.0
151.0
191.0
240.0
303.0
483.0
400,000
76.8
96.0
121.0
153.0
192.0
241.0
386.0
300,000
57.6
72.0
90.6
115.00
144.0
182.0
290.0
460.0
200,000
38.4
48.0
60.4
76.4
96.0
121.0
193.0
307.0
478.0
100,000
19.2
24.0
30.2
38.2
48.0
60.6
96.6
153.0
239.0
90,000
17.3
21.6
27.2
34.4
43.2
54.6
87.0
138.0
215.0
80,000
15.3
19.2
24.2
30.5
38.4
48.5
77.3
123.0
191.0
70,000
13.4
16.8
21.1
27.6
33.6
42.4
67.6
107.0
167.0
60,000
11.5
14.4
18.1
22.9
28.8
36.4
58.0
92.0
144.0
50,000
9.6
12.0
15.1
19.1
24.0
30.3
48.3
76.7
120.0
40,000
7.7
9.6
12.1
15.3
19.2
24.1
38.6
61.4
95.6
30,000
5.8
7.2
9.1
11.5
14.4
18.2
29.0
46.0
71.7
20,000
3.8
4.9
6.0
7.6
9.6
12.1
19.3
30.7
47.8
10,000
1.9
2.4
3.0
3.8
4.8
6.1
9.7
15.3
23.9
9,000
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.4
4.3
5.5
8.7
13.8
21.5
8,000
1.5
1.9
2.4
3.1
3.8
4.9
7.7
12.3
19.1
7,000
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.8
3.4
4.2
6.8
10.7
16.7
6,000
1.2
1.4
1.8
2.3
2.9
3.6
5.8
9.2
14.4
5,000
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.9
2.4
3.0
4.8
7.7
12.0
4,000
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.9
2.4
3.9
6.1
9.6
3,000
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.4
1.8
2.9
4.6
7.2
2,000
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.9
3.1
4.8
1,000
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.5
2.4
900
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.4
2.2
800
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.9
700
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.7
600
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.4
500
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
400
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.0
300
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
200
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
100
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Page 4-26
Chapter 4
WIRE
SIZE AWG
4/0
3/0
2/0
1/0
Amperes
Feet
10
12
14
Volts Drop
500,000
62.4
78.6
400,000
50.0
62.9
78.8
300,000
37.4
47.2
59.1
73.9
200,000
25.0
31.4
39.4
49.2
61.2
100,000
12.5
15.7
19.7
24.6
30.6
38.8
61.2
90,000
11.2
14.2
17.7
22.2
27.5
34.9
55.1
80,000
10.0
12.6
15.8
19.7
24.5
31.0
49.0
70,000
8.7
11.0
13.8
17.2
21.4
27.2
42.8
60,000
7.5
9.4
11.8
14.8
18.4
23.3
36.7
58.0
50,000
6.2
7.9
9.9
12.3
15.3
19.4
30.6
48.3
40,000
5.0
6.3
7.9
9.8
12.2
15.5
24.4
38.6
60.0
30,000
3.7
4.7
5.9
7.4
9.2
11.6
18.4
29.0
45.0
20,000
2.5
3.1
3.9
4.9
6.1
7.8
12.2
19.3
30.0
48.0
76.8 122.0
10,000
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.5
3.1
3.9
6.1
9.7
15.0
24.0
38.4
60.8
9,000
1.1
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.8
3.5
5.5
8.7
13.5
21.6
34.5
54.7
8,000
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.5
3.1
4.9
7.7
12.0
19.2
30.7
48.7
7,000
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.7
2.1
2.7
4.3
6.8
10.5
16.8
26.9
42.6
6,000
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.3
3.7
5.8
9.0
14.4
23.0
36.5
5,000
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.9
3.1
4.8
7.5
12.0
19.2
30.4
4,000
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.4
3.8
6.0
9.6
15.4
24.3
3,000
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.8
2.9
4.5
7.2
11.5
18.2
2,000
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.9
3.0
4.8
7.7
12.2
1,000
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
1.0
1.5
2.4
3.8
6.1
900
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.4
2.2
3.5
5.5
800
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.9
3.1
4.9
700
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.7
2.7
4.3
600
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.4
2.3
3.7
500
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.9
3.0
400
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.0
1.5
2.4
300
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.2
1.8
200
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
100
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
Page 4-27
Page 4-28
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
5.1 General
Work zone traffic control is a major aspect of any roadway project. It must
be designed from the motorists point of view to provide the motorists with
the necessary information to proceed in a safe and orderly manner through a
construction or maintenance work zone which may have unexpected roadway
conditions, changes in alignment, and temporary roadside obstacles relating
to the work activity. The sudden transition to tighter geometrics and the
closer proximity of traffic control must be incorporated into the work area
inamanner that will minimize driver uncertainty. Effective work zone traffic
control is the result of strategy planning, plan development and preparation,
and field applications. The goal of any work zone traffic control plan is to
allow no reduction in the level of service for traffic.
TCP (Traffic Control Plans) must be included in the PS&E to provide for the
orderly movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic through construction
andmaintenance areas.
No single standard sequence of signs or other traffic control devices can
be used as an inflexible arrangement for all situations due to the variety
ofroadway and traffic conditions that may be present in a roadway project.
ATCP that adequately address the variables motorists will encounter on each
specific project are generally preferred
5.2 Principles
Guidelines for TCPs are found in Section VI of the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Section VI details the fundamental
principles of temporary traffic control, including the design and erection of
signing, traffic control layout, pavement markings, delineation, lighting, and
flagging standards. This chapter sets forth specific principles for designing
trafficcontrol.
A. Traffic Control Features
1. Lane Geometry. The approach lane width should be equaled or
exceeded throughout the connection. The minimum allowable lane
width is 10feet. Design the lane and the lane width reductions prior
toany lane shifts within the transition area.
Page 5-1
Chapter 5
change. Design for the highest design speed allowed with respect
to curve radii. Curve radii and lane width should not be reduced
simultaneously.
The objective is to use lane geometrics that will be clear to the driver
and keep the vehicle in the intended lane. Lane lines and construction
joints must be treated to provide a smooth flow through the transition
area. It may also be necessary to modify or remove other existing
traffic control devices.
Water-filled Barriers
Short-term projects (zero to three days) for a minimum 100-foot
length.
Do not use in lane transitions until further testing has been done
or unless the situation meets with manufacturers specifications.
Inthe case of an open construction work area, use in conjunction
with TMAs.
Evaluate risk and site conditions and if used, follow manufacturers
guidelines and specifications. Provide chart for Washington State
Department of Transportation (WSDOT) designers to use which
shows deflection based on speed of vehicle.
Moveable Barriers
High volume traffic conditions with very short-term lane closures.
Continuous operation over extended period of time, where there is
a need to get the lane back in operation at some point in the day.
(Could be used in lieu of reduced lane widths or lane reduction,
i.e., HOV lane additions; wall next to roadway.)
Page 5-2
Chapter 5
Where drums, cones, etc., are used, consistent patterns of the devices
are important to help alleviate driver confusion. Random mixing of
these devices at any given location is undesirable.
Page 5-3
Chapter 5
Page 5-4
Chapter 5
Page 5-5
Chapter 5
Page 5-6
Chapter 5
Page 5-7
Chapter 5
When the work zone encroaches upon a bicycle path, an alternate route
should be considered and provided for cyclists where feasible. Bicycles
should not normally be directed into the same path used by pedestrians.
See Part IX of the MUTCD for details on bicycle traffic control.
Page 5-8
The advance warning signs used for moving operations can be mounted
on the shoulder or on a shadow vehicle, or both. Shadow vehicles
should carry a sign which describes the work ahead and warning
lights. If the shadow vehicle must encroach on the traveled lane, a
flashing arrow board should be used. Whether the advance warning
signs are ground mounted on the roadside shoulder or mounted on
shadow vehicles, the signs should be moved ahead as required in
order to maintain an appropriate distance between the signs and the
work activity. The maximum advisable distance between the advance
warning signs and the continually moving work activity is 1mile.
Chapter 5
Page 5-9
Chapter 5
From this strategy the Work Zone Traffic Control Plan is developed to identify
the type and location of devices (signs, pavement markings, delineation, and
flaggers) required to adequately inform the motorists of the situation.
The keys to strategy planning for traffic control on any public roadway,
whether rural roads, urban streets, or freeways are the traffic, with
considerations for both volume and types of vehicles, and the roadway
characteristics. Careful consideration should be given to the effect the traffic
control will have on the traffic flow in the work area and on the adjacent
roadways. Traffic volumes, along with the speed and classification of vehicles,
express the character of the traffic to be encountered. Hourly volumes show
the periods of heavy traffic which should be avoided or that will require
special treatment. Any restrictions, such as lane closures, and the hours for
those restrictions can then be established by the District Traffic Engineer.
Special attention should be directed to bicycles and over-sized vehicles
and the detouring of those vehicles which may be necessary. Figure 5-1 is
a generalized checklist intended to assist in strategic planning and does not
necessarily contain all the elements for consideration.
Page 5-10
Chapter 5
Roadway plan sheets for the project should be used in preparing the traffic
control plan. This provides the scale drawing of the roadway section
needed toestablish proper placement for the signs and devices. Signs and
devices can then be placed on the plan sheet in their proper locations by
using the CADD. An on-site review of the area is recommended, since
many characteristics cannot be determined from a drawing. Give special
attention to existing signs which are to be maintained during the work
activity that could conflict with or obstruct the view of the traffic control
signs. All features and characteristics which will have an effect on the
movement of traffic within and adjacent to the traffic control zone should
be included in the plan.
The traffic control devices shown on traffic control plans should clearly
and concisely give the motorists information needed to adjust their speed
and travel direction through the work area. The prepared plans should
Page 5-11
Chapter 5
include any special signs for situations in which standard signs do not give
accurate information and should be supplied as an item in thecontract.
The use of special signs should be kept to a minimum and used only where
necessary. The Headquarters Traffic Office should be consulted regarding
the use of special signs. Signing should be as specific as possible and
always relate to the immediate situation to be encountered.
1. Work Area. Although the work area is not the first area of a traffic
control zone encountered by a motorist, it is the area that must be
considered first when developing traffic control plans. Traffic control
requirements for all the other traffic control zone areas are determined
by the location of the work area and typeof activity taking place
within that area. The other areas of traffic control will then be designed
to complement the activities and channelization requirements within
the work area.
2. Buffer Area. The buffer area is a safety areabut it can have other
uses. Vehicles hauling material can be parked in the buffer area for
short periods of time during the work day. This area should never
be used as a material or equipment storage area unless the traffic is
protected by a temporary barrier. The buffer area allows the driver to
become accustomed to the channelization and to recognize the path
ofchannelization they will follow through the workarea.
Page 5-12
Chapter 5
After locations for the work site traffic control have been established,
project signing such as Road Construction Ahead, Road
Construction Next XX Miles (if required by the length of the project),
and End Construction may be added to the plan.
The time of day when most drivers will encounter the traffic control
should be considered while preparing the plans. If traffic control will
be in effect during nighttime hours, the signs and devices might need
to be supplemented with lights to increase perception and credibility.
During a nighttime field review, give consideration to the areas
background lighting from adjacent facilities and advertising signs
which are competing for the drivers recognition.
Page 5-13
Chapter 5
Page 5-14
Chapter 5
are in place as shown on the plan, but also to determine if the devices are
adequate or if the plan should be revised in light ofexperience. Each field
office should have a procedure for analyzing accidents which take place with
the limits of the project. Formal communications with the Washington State
Patrol must be established at the pre-construction stage and arrangements
made to receive copies of accident reports in a timely manner. Occasional
contact with WSP for their perception of the traffic flow through the
construction area can be beneficial.
If any assistance is desired at any stage of traffic control plan development,
consult the District Traffic Engineers office. Each district traffic engineers
office should have a traffic control specialist to review and provide guidance
in the preparation of the traffic control plans for the PS&E, to review traffic
control in the field, and to have the authority to approve revisions to the traffic
control plans.
The following is a list of things to consider when designing construction
traffic control and writing traffic control specifications.
Effective traffic control is integrated into the project early in the design and
planning process. Traffic control will often determine the staging of a project
and will always effect the project cost.
Step 1 To Close Or Not To Close
Closing the roadway or ramp is the most desirable option. This usually lowers
construction costs, decreases contract time and increases worker safety.
Roadway closure can be considered if an alternate route is available. The
alternate route must carry the additional traffic volumes and any weight or
height restrictions must be considered.
For the traveling public, closing the road for a short time may be less
inconvenient than having the road under construction for a long time.
Consider the following while determining if a road should be closed.
1. Is there an available detour route?
2. Can the proposed detour carry the additional traffic?
3. Will businesses or residences be isolated if the road is closed? If so, is
there an alternate access point.
If a complete closure is possible, do the following:
Get the approval of the governing agency to use the proposed detour route.
Meet with the community and businesses to discuss the roadway closure.
Find resolutions to the communitys concerns. This may mean leaving the
roadway open during construction.
Page 5-15
Chapter 5
4. Determine the hours of restriction the hours that lanes and shoulders
must be open and clear fortraffic.
For a quick analysis, assume the following volumes of vehicles per hour in
urban construction areas:
Page 5-16
Chapter 5
7. Incorporate into the project design ways of lessening the traffic impact.
Some examples are:
a. Use precast concrete or steel girders instead of cast-in-place concrete
for structures over main traffic lanes.
b. Specify materials that have faster cure times than conventional
materials.
c. Building detours and improving alternate routes in order to carry the
increased traffic volumes.
8. Study the project and determine if traffic control or lane closures are
needed on adjoining roads. Adjoining roads include frontage roads,
intersections, overcrossings, and undercrossings. Some examples are:
Low clearance because of bridge falsework.
Long-term lane closures for bridge falsework and substructure
excavation.
Short- and long-term lane closures on frontage roads because of
retaining wall construction.
Placement of Road Construction Ahead signs and other warning signs.
Short-term access closures for paving intersections.
If traffic control is needed on facilities that are not state highways, get
permission to use the facility from the governing agency.
9. Determine if there are any areas that construction vehicles cannot safely
leave or enter the highway because of limited sight distance. Labelthese
areas on the traffic control plans.
Page 5-17
Chapter 5
10. Work zone sites exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics
should be reviewed for possible enhanced enforcement needs:
Sites where excessive speeding is observed or could be
anticipated within the construction zone. Based on a study
conducted by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans),
speeding and speed-related measures were identified as the primary
factor affecting work zone safety. While sufficient warning of desirable
travel speeds through the work zone may be placed in compliance
with the MUTCD, driver acceptance and compliance with the advisory
speeds is, in many cases, poor. The use of increased enforcement
to command adherence to the speed limit has been shown to be
effective in maintaining these speeds, as evidenced by the findings in
the literature review and interviews with the Caltrans and California
Highway Patrol (CHP) personnel.
Sites where a reduced speed limit is recommended. The purpose of
a reduced regulatory speed limit within a construction zone is based on
a perceived need, such as reducing travel speeds prior to diverting or
detouring traffic, reducing speeds adjacent to unprotected construction
workers. For a complete discussion, refer to D55-20. Based on the
findings from the study sources, adherence to reduced speed limits is,
in many cases, poor. To ensure adherence to the speed limit, enhanced
enforcement may be necessary.
Sites having a complex traffic plan or multiple phases to the plan.
Sites with traffic control plans having a number of traffic diversions,
lane closures, or traffic restrictions requiring a number of decisions
by motorists, particularly in a short distance, are highly susceptible
to increased accident activity. Much of this activity may be attributed
to motorists indecision through the area, to differentials in travel
speeds through the site, and to the lack of adherence to speed controls
in the area. Past efforts have shown that enhanced enforcement,
through manual control/flagging or a visible presence, have resulted
insmoother, more efficient traffic flow through the work zone.
Typically, a lower level of accident activity hasresulted.
In addition, construction projects requiring multiple traffic control
phases are shown to exhibit greater accident activity than those
containing a single phase. Much of this may be attributed to the driver
indecision associated with learning a new traffic pattern each time a
new traffic control phase occurs. As the requirements for the motorists
decision-making increases between subsequent phases, accident
activity is also likely to increase. The use of enhanced enforcement
to supplement the existing traffic controls has an alerting effect,
helping motorists recognize field changes and the need for increased
safety through the area.Use of enhanced enforcement for a specific
time period following traffic control phase changes has been found to
be effective.
Page 5-18
Chapter 5
Page 5-19
Chapter 5
Page 5-20
Chapter 5
11. Determine traffic control concerns that shouldbe addressed in the special
provisions. Examples are:
Abrupt lane edges
Installation of sign bridges
Rolling slow-down operations for short time complete closures of
ahighway.
Page 5-21
Chapter 5
Todays Date:
SR
Date
Milepost
From
Title
AM
PM
Time
To
Project Engineer
AM
PM
Attended By
Duties
Assistance in traffic control setup and takedown (blue lights)
Passive presence (yellow lights)
Proactive patrol in work zone (blue lights)
Ramp closures (yellow lights)
Lane closure (yellow lights)
Road closure (yellow lights)
Detours (yellow lights)
Other duties as outlined in Strategy Session (above)
Yes
No
Form 421-045 EF
Revised 2/97
Page 5-22
Chapter 5
Closure/Exposure Condition
Priority*
Non-Freeway with Speed Limit
Freeway
50
mph
40-45
mph
35
mph
The numerical rank indicates the level of priority assigned to the use of a TMA on an assigned shadow/barrier
vehicle. The use of a TMA under the defined conditions is:
1. Very highly recommended.
2. Highly recommended.
3. Recommended
4. Desirable.
5. May be justified on the basis or special conditions encountered on an individual project.
Page 5-23
Page 5-24
Chapter 5
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-1
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-2
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-3
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-4
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-5
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-6
Appendix 5.A
Once the task number is assigned, the Task Assignment form can be filled
out by the Region Task Agreement Manager and signed by both WSP
and WSDOT. The WSDOT signature is typically a Region Construction
Engineer and the WSP signature is from their Budget and Fiscal manager
(Mailstop 42602). Two originals arerequired, one for WSP and one
forWSDOT.
For use of local agency law enforcement personnel, the Region Local
Programs office develops a project specific agreement between WSDOT
and the agency to establish procedures for use and reimbursement.
Field Monitor and Adjust the Work Zone. The field engineer or project
inspector should meet with the assigned WSP trooper(s) at the beginning
of each shift to determine communication methods and to discuss WSP
tasks for the work operation. The goal is to have steady, balanced traffic
flow through the work area.
Page 5.A-7
Appendix 5.A
The project inspector monitors the traffic control operation and WSP
enforcement or assistance activities. If there is excessive braking, queuing
oftraffic, etc., due to WSP presence, then adjustments may be necessary.
Additional Resources
Secretarys Executive Order E 1060.00
Traffic Manual, Chapter 5, Appendix 5.B
Standard Specifications, Section 1-10
General Special Provisions, Division 1-10
WSDOT/WSP Joint Operating Procedures (JOPs)
Page 5.A-8
Exhibit 1
The Work Zone Safety Task Force has developed this toolbox to provide
guidance on theappropriate use of WSP troopers in work zones. The toolbox
is intended to be used asa quick reference to common procedures and the
appropriate category for use. Use of the WSP checklist (Form421045EF)
isrequired on individual contracts, but is not needed when WSP use
ispartofa region-wide enforcement emphasis. The Task Assignment
(Form130-020 EF) must be approved and funded prior to WSP use.
The following specific assignments for WSP are allowed as listed below.
Recommended
Enforcement Emphasis The most effective overall strategy is active
enforcement in the work zone.
Signalized intersection control in lieu of flaggers, signal off or on
allredflash.
Rolling slowdowns or temporary stopping of traffic.
Full closures of roadways that are high-volume or at high risk for
motoristintrusion.
During installation and removal of traffic control devices. (WSP trooper
on the shoulder in advance of the first traffic control device, not as a
buffervehicle).
To control access points where motorists could follow construction
vehicles into the work zone.
Not Recommended
The following tasks are not recommended as efficient use of WSP assistance
and are generally not allowed. Short term use may be considered, but not an
ongoing strategy.
General or routine use, especially with no significant traffic
impactsexpected.
Passive use (vehicle parked near or inside work zones with blue or yellow
lights flashing). WSP presence is not a substitute for proper traffic control.
Shoulder or HOV closures.
Single-lane closure on a multi-lane highway unless significant traffic
impacts are likely.
Single-lane closure on a two-lane highway.
A ramp closure without other traffic control devices.
WSP vehicles are not buffer vehicles and shall not be the first vehicle
inthe lane when setting up or removing traffic control.
WSDOT Traffic Manual M 51-02.03
October 2009
Page 5.A-9
Exhibit 2
Page 5.A-10
Agreement GC 5080
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-11
Page 5.A-12
Appendix 5.A
Appendix 5.A
Page 5.A-13
Page 5.A-14
Appendix 5.A
Exhibit 3
Task Assignment
NOTE: This form cannot be used for "Y" Agreements
Agreement No.
Task No.
Phone
Org.
Mailstop
Phone
Org.
Mailstop
Mailing Address
Project Information
Project Title
County(s)
Task Schedule
Task Start Date
Task Cost
Work Order No.
Org. Code
Amount
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Prime Consultant
Address
Phone
Fax
Approval Signatures
Consultant
Agreement Manager
DOT Form 130-020 EF
7/08
Page 5.A-15
Appendix 5.A
Agreement No.
Task No.
Provide description of work and reference attachments for prime consultant and all
subconsultants (to include detailed description of work schedule and estimate).
Distribution: Originals:
Consultant
Accountant
Copies:
File
Task Manager
Consultant Services
Other
Page 5.A-16
Exhibit 4
Todays Date:
SR
Milepost
From
Title
Date
AM
PM
Time
To
Project Engineer
AM
PM
Attended By
Duties
Assistance in traffic control setup and takedown (blue lights)
Passive presence (yellow lights)
Proactive patrol in work zone (blue lights)
Ramp closures (yellow lights)
Lane closure (yellow lights)
Road closure (yellow lights)
Detours (yellow lights)
Other duties as outlined in Strategy Session (above)
Yes
No
Form 421-045 EF
Revised 2/97
Page 5.A-17
Exhibit 5
Detachments:
Olympia/Thurston County
222 Tumwater Blvd., Building 16
PO Box 42640
Tumwater, WA 98504-2640
(360) 586-4443
Page 5.A-18
Detachments:
Enumclaw
333 Griffin Avenue
Enumclaw, WA 98022
(360) 825-6154
North Bend
134 Sydney Avenue
PO Box 1127
North Bend, WA 98045
(425) 888-1116
Seattle North
811 E Roanoke
Seattle, WA 98102
(206) 720-3040
Seattle South
15666 International Blvd.
Seattle, WA 98188-6523
(206) 439-3830
Appendix 5.A
Detachments:
Kennewick
143302 East Law Lane|
Kennewick, WA 99337-2011
(509) 734-7029
Sunnyside
173905 West Interstate 82
Grandview, WA 98930
(509) 882-9945
Walla Walla
406 Wellington
Walla Walla, WA 99362
(509) 527-4413
Detachments:
Colfax
840 West Fairview Street
Colfax, WA 99111-9515
(509) 397-3600
Ritzville
1563 East Gun Club Road
Ritzville, WA 99169-9713
(509) 659-1210
Colville
751 South Main
Colville, WA 99114-2704
(509) 684-7431
Detachments:
Chehalis
850 NW Louisiana Avenue
Chehalis, WA 98532
(360) 748-2194
Kelso
1823 Baker Way
Kelso, WA 98626
(360) 578-4147
Goldendale
PO Box 105
Goldendale, WA 98620
(509) 773-3775
Morton
342 Morton Road
Morton, WA 98356
(360) 496-3323
Page 5.A-19
Detachments:
Cle Elum Scale (CVD)
PO Box 550
Cle Elum, WA 98922
(509) 674-9704
Ellensburg
291 Thorp Highway S
Ellensburg, WA 98926
(509) 925-2698
Appendix 5.A
Moses Lake
101 Laguna
Moses Lake, WA 98837-0151
(509) 765-6175
Okanogan
PO Box 486
Okanogan, WA 98840-0486
(509) 826-7400
Detachments:
Bellingham
3860 Airport Way
Bellingham, WA 98226-8040
(360) 676-2007
Oak Harbor
840 SE 8th Avenue #101
Oak Harbor, WA 98227-2996
(360) 675-0710
Burlington
10945 Chuckanut Drive
Burlington, WA 98233
(360) 757-7553
Silverlake
Interstate 5
Silverlake, WA 98204
(425) 514-5444
Monroe
909 West Main Street, Suite 1A
Monroe, WA 98272-2031
(360) 805-1153
Page 5.A-20
Detachments:
Hoquiam
3111 Pacific Avenue
Hoquiam, WA 98550-4222
(360) 533-9332
Port Angeles
62 Old Olympic Highway
Port Angeles, WA 98362-9121
(360) 417-1738
Naselle
797 State Route 4
Naselle, WA 98638
(360) 484-3130
Poulsbo
22065 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, WA 98370-9451
(360) 478-4646
Shelton
629 West Dayton Airport Road
Shelton, WA 98584-8945
(360) 427-2180
Appendix 5.B
I. Introduction
It is the departments policy to design and operate work zones which minimize
the need for and the use of regulatory speed limit reductions (Executive Order
E1060.00).
A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) is developed for each work zone during
the design process. This plan considers strategies and techniques to address
specific work zone conditions and traffic control requirements. Design
applications that reduce work duration, decrease the number of work stages,
and that maintain traffic in long-term work zone configurations can eliminate
the need for a regulatory speed limit reduction. Where work zone design
applications cannot mitigate the condition, a speed advisory or a variable or
continuous speed limit reduction may be considered.
It is important to be consistent in implementing speed limit reductions to
maintain credibility with roadway users throughout the state. This appendix
includes the work zone speed limit policy and provides guidance to determine
the need for a work zone speed limit reduction. Sample speed reduction
worksheet, request, and approval documents are included.
A. Work Zone Speed Limit Reductions. Following are the speed reduction
types and examples of appropriate use:
Advisory Speed Reduction Where drivers encounter work zone
conditions (such as rough road, bump, temporary alignment) that
require aspecific safe speed message, a sign warning of the actual
condition with an appropriate advisory speed is installed.
Variable Regulatory Speed Limit Reduction Effective where a
temporary work zone condition (such as workers on foot close to live
traffic or a short- term lane shift) requires a lower operational speed
and in place only for the duration of the warranting conditionoften
asingle work shift.
Continuous Regulatory Speed Limit Reduction A speed reduction
effective 24 hours a day for the number of days that work zone
conditions warrant, used only where construction elements cannot be
mitigated by design elements.
Page 5.B-1
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-2
Appendix 5.B
II. Guidance
A. Work Zone Assessment. A Transportation Management Plan (TMP)
is developed for each project. It integrates all work zone factors,
including traffic speed and volumes, project design, worker exposure,
constructability, and traffic operations. Before considering a work zone
speed reduction, a work zone impact assessment is conducted which
considers, and implements where possible, design strategies that address
the specific work zone conditions. Any decision to implement a reduced
speed limit must be assessed and justified as part of the TMP.
Page 5.B-3
Appendix 5.B
Worker exposure and driver confusion are common work zone conditions
that may be mitigated through effective safety solutions that do not include
a speed limit reduction. As part of work zone assessment, consider these
and other strategies:
1. Worker Exposure to Traffic Hazards. When workers are exposed
to live traffic, do not assume that a lower speed limit will improve
worker safety. Reduce worker exposure and traffic speeds using these
effective safety strategies:
Use a pilot car for two lane paving operations to effectively control
traffic speed past workers.
Provide positive protection such as barriers and Truck Mounted
Attenuators.
Provide a lateral buffer space between workers and live traffic,
defined by channelization devices, to allow space for minor traffic
intrusions or occasional encroachment by workers. A half to full
lane width is an acceptable lateral buffer for high speed conditions.
Use closely spaced drums or tall channelizing devices to improve
work area separation and motorist guidance.
Additional warning devices such as temporary rumble strips,
portable changeable message signs, or an automated flagger
assistance device may improve flagger protection.
2. Enhanced Traffic Control. Driver confusion can be avoided or
reduced through the use of enhanced guidance and information. Driver
performance is improved by providing concise and accurate messages
and visual cues that show the work zone conditions and travel path.
Electronic driver feedback signs and occasional enforcement may be
used to reinforce the existing speed limit and minimize any traffic
speed differential. Before proposing a reduced speed limit, consider
the following measures:
Remove existing pavement markings that conflict with temporary
alignment.
Add enhanced pavement markings and traffic control devices.
Page 5.B-4
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-5
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-6
Appendix 5.B
Consider the roadway and operational factors for each project, and
understand the human factor that a speed limit reduction may not
automatically reduce actual traffic speeds. If factors cannot be mitigated
through application of work zone standards, design strategies and features,
or other enhancements such as Temporary Concrete Barrier, identify how
a speed reduction will provide safety benefits in the following areas and
identify the expected safety benefits on the Work Zone Speed Reduction
Worksheet.
Traffic Safety What safety benefit would be provided beyond that
realized through standard or enhanced work zone safety and traffic
control methods?
Worker Safety What safety benefit would be provided beyond
worker protective equipment or other designed features?
ADA, Pedestrian, and Bike Safety What safety benefits would be
provided for these roadway user groups that cannot be provided in
thework zone design and operation?
B. Request for Approval Process. The following are the steps to request a
speed limit reduction.
1. The project manager submits a Speed Reduction Request to
the Regional Administrator, through the Region Traffic Engineer
(Figure5.B-3). The request includes:
A completed Work Zone Speed Reduction Worksheet. Specific
safety benefits must be identified to warrant approval.
The Traffic Control Plan(s) showing all speed limit reduction
related details. Example TCPs are shown in Figures 5.B-4a,
5.B4b, and 5.B-4c.
Other supporting documents including the TMP and law
enforcement assistance agreements.
2. The Region Traffic Engineer (RTE) reviews the speed limit reduction
request to determine if it is warranted.
The RTE has the authority to approve advisory speed reductions
without further approval by the Regional Administrator.
Page 5.B-7
Appendix 5.B
IV. Summary
WSDOT policy, set by Executive Order 1060.00, is to design work zones that
can safely maintain the existing speed limit wherever possible. Work zone
conditions that can be mitigated through design or other work zone strategies
do not warrant a speed limit reduction.
The need for a speed limit reduction is determined through a work zone
assessment, which considers the project roadway and operational factors
together with motorist behavior (human factors). Specific safety benefits
must be identified to warrant approval of a speed reduction. A work zone
assessment may determine that no speed limit reduction is needed, and that
implementing design and operational strategies that address the actual work
zone conditions is the most effective safety plan.
Speed limit reductions are approved and implemented through a defined
process after a work zone assessment determines that a reduction is warranted.
Approval authority is based on the type of speed reduction, as noted in the
Secretarys Executive Order 1060.00.
Page 5.B-8
Appendix 5.B
Resources
WSDOT Traffic Manual M 51-02
Revised Code of Washington RCW 47.48
WSDOT Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines M 54-44.01
WSDOT Design Manual M 22-01
WSDOT Maintenance Manual M 51-01
WSDOT Construction Manual M 41-01
Federal Regulations 23 CFR Part 630 Subpart J
Part VI of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
FHWA
Contacts
Region Traffic Office
Region Work Zone Specialist
HQ Traffic Office, Work Zone Team
Page 5.B-9
Appendix 5.B
Date:
SR:
Project Name:
Existing Conditions
Posted Speed Limit:
ADT:
Number of lanes:
Lane Width:
Shoulder Width:
Advisory
WSP Enforcement
Disapproval:
Figure 5.B-1.doc
If additional space is necessary for responses, attach a supplemental sheet
Page 5.B-10
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-11
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-12
Appendix 5.B
Date
EXAMPLE
Regional Administrator
TO:
THRU:
FROM:
Title/Project manager
SUBJECT:
Per Secretarys Executive Order E 1060.00, we are requesting that the posted regulatory speed
limit within the above referenced location be reduced to XX MPH.
This temporary work zone speed limit change is being requested for the following reasons: (list
applicable conditions and justification from the Work Zone Speed Limit Reduction Worksheet)
This posted speed reduction will be in effect from Date to Date, between Milepost XX to Milepost
XX. The posted speed reductions will be in effect (During Actual Work Hours or Continuously).
The dates and the locations may vary based on where the work activities that involve the safety
issues listed above are present. (#ask Frank if this sentence is correct?)
Approved:
______________________________
Regional Administrator
cc:
____________
Date
Attachment:
Supporting Documents
Page 5.B-13
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-14
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-15
Appendix 5.B
Page 5.B-16
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
6.1 General
Traffic regulations enhance safety and operating efficiency on state highways,
county roads, or city streets by placing enforceable operating restrictions
on the use of the public roadway. A traffic regulation is either established in
state law (RCW 46.61, Rules of the Road) or is warranted based on data from
an engineering and traffic investigation of traffic conditions at the proposed
location. The guidelines in this chapter explain specific regulations and
identify the information needed to establish or modify a traffic regulation.
The Rules of the Road (RCW 46.61) regulate basic traffic movements on
public roads including:
maximum speeds
lane use
vehicle restrictions
stop control
turning movement restrictions
assignment of right of way
parking
A traffic regulation other than the Rules of the Road may be implemented
only after an official action by the appropriate jurisdictional authority.
For state highways, a proposed traffic regulation (or modification) is
submitted for action to either the Regional Administrator or the State Traffic
Engineer, depending on the delegation of authority, and is reviewed as a
Calendar Agenda item on the Regional Administrator or State Traffic
Engineersschedule.
Where city streets are part of managed access state highways, a city or
town ordinance establishes speed limits, parking restrictions, stop control,
and turn prohibitions. The department must approve any regulation that is
not identical to state law before it becomes effective (RCW 46.61.415 and
RCW47.24.020(11).
A. Regional Traffic Regulations Approved by Regional Administrator
Traffic signal installation permits on state highway system.
Reduced speed limits in construction or maintenance zones.
Regulatory speeds in rest areas, weigh stations, and ferry terminals.
Stop control on state highways.
Page 6-1
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
6.2 Documentation
Permanent traffic regulation records are maintained in the office of the
designated approving authority.
Each traffic regulation or modification is submitted by the Regional Traffic
Engineer to either the Regional Administrator or the State Traffic Engineer
on a Calendar Agenda Form (Figures 6-1 and 6-2). The regulations approval
or denial is recorded on the form, which provides the necessary official
documentation of the regulatory action.
Additionally, as outlined in this chapter, retain a summary of the engineering
and traffic investigation and other data to support and document the
regulation.
Informational copies of completed calendar agenda actions are exchanged
between the state and region Traffic Offices. Copies are also provided to the
Washington State Patrol (WSP) and appropriate local agency.
Inventories of traffic regulations are maintained in the office of the designated
approving authority.
Page 6-2
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Signal permits are required for the following signal types, prior to
installation:
conventional traffic signals
emergency vehicle signals
hazard identification beacons, when installed overhead at
anintersection
intersection control beacons
lane control signals
movable bridge signals
ramp meter signals
pedestrian signals
temporary signals
school crossing signals
Page 6-3
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-4
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
geometric elements
congestion
operational conflicts
The Rules of the Road (RCW 46.61.415) state that speed limits on local
roadways cannot be posted at lower than 20 mph. Additionally, school
zones are posted at 20 mph, recognizing the high volume of juvenile
pedestrian traffic and inherent congestion and conflicts. This suggests that
20 mph is a good starting point when considering an appropriate speed
limit. Lower or higher speeds may be determined basedon the engineering
and traffic investigation.
Page 6-5
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-6
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-7
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-8
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-9
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-10
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Regions may initiate speed limit revision requests for many reasons
including roadway realignment, urban growth, strip development, or
otherchanges in roadway environment. Requests to change a speed
limitmay also come from a city, a tribal government, law enforcement,
orcitizens group.
Page 6-11
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
When the engineering and traffic investigation does not support a speed
limit revision, implement other potential corrective measures such
as traffic calming revisions, warning signs, and public information
campaigns. Observe and document the results of these measures before
submitting a speed zone proposal. In most cases, the State Traffic
Engineer will consider speed limit revisions that are within 5 mph of the
85thpercentile speed, and that comply with MUTCD, Section 2B.13.
Page 6-12
The 20 mph speed zone shall extend a full 300 feet in either direction
from the marked school or playground crosswalk, unless there is less
than 300 feet to the terminus of the roadway. School or playground
speed zones established under this law do not require a traffic
regulation.
Chapter 6
The 20 mph speed zone may extend more than 300 feet from the
crosswalk; however, the distance beyond 300 feet requires a traffic
regulation based on an engineering and traffic investigation. Where
school crosswalks serve an elementary school, the engineering and
traffic investigation should consider the schools Walk Route Plan.
The Superintendent of Public Instruction limits the number of school
crossings and allows only one entrance-exit from each block to and
from the school.
The regions may also receive requests for reduced speed limits at
intersections without a marked crosswalk. Conduct an engineering
and traffic investigation for the speed zone request. If study results
warrant establishing the speed zone, submit a request to the State
Traffic Engineer as required for regulatory speed limit changes. If the
engineering and traffic investigation results do not support the request,
consider other solutions such as adult crossing guards, focused law
enforcement, playground fencing, and warning signs. Establishment
ofa crosswalk may also be considered.
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-13
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-14
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Shoulder Width
Double On/Off
Ramps
Interchange
Spacing
Tunnels/Bridges
Page 6-15
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-16
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-17
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Page 6-18
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-19
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Investigate and document the need for the restriction and submit it to
theState Traffic Engineer. Include:
A narrative describing the road or bridge condition leading to
therestriction.
The appropriate maximum weight limit for a restricted section of
roadway, as determined by the departments Materials Laboratory.
A determination of the appropriate bridge weight limit, as set by
thedepartments Bridge Condition office.
Citizen or local agency correspondence.
A copy of WSP concurrence.
Weight restrictions are signed with the appropriate R12 series signs
illustrated in the Sign Fabrication Manual M55-05.
Page 6-20
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-21
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
ITEM:
Attached is (are) the above-reference item(s) for inclusion on your calendar for approval
and/or execution at calendar meeting to be held (place calendar agenda date here).
A. Traffic Signal Permits:
1.
SR 404
Milepost 16.50
Permit Number 3,013
B. Turn Prohibitions:
C. Pedestrian Prohibitions:
Page 6-22
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
ITEM:
Attached is (are) the above-reference item(s) for inclusion on your calendar for approval
and/or execution at calendar meeting to be held (place calendar agenda date here).
A. Speed Limits:
1.
SR 404
Milepost 16.50 to Milepost 27.00
Posted 45 mph
Proposed 35 mph
35 mph for all vehicles in both directions from MP 16.50 to MP 27.00, for a total
distance of 10.50 miles.
B. Angle Parking:
C. Bicycle Prohibitions:
Page 6-23
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Date: ________________________________
Submitted By: ________________________
Permit No.: ___________________________
Location: SR No. _____________ MP _____________ Minor Rd. _____________
Vicinity Map: Include a general vicinity map of area showing intersecting roads, and any other
features such as nearby signals and interconnected systems that may be of importance for
analysis ofapplication.
ADTS: Include all ADTS for all approaches entering the intersection.
ADT: Mainline _______ N___ S___ E___ W___ Mainline _______ N___ S___ E___ W___
ADT: Minor St. _______ N___ S___ E___ W___ Minor St. _______ N___ S___ E___ W___
No. of Lanes: Mainline Thru __________
85th % _______________
Page 6-24
Chapter 6
Traffic Regulations
Page 6-25
Traffic Regulations
Chapter 6
Date: ________________________________
Location: SR No. _______________ MP _______________ to MP _______________
Submitted By: ________________________________
Vicinity Map: Include a general vicinity map of area showing intersecting roads, and any other
featuresof importance for analysis of the speed zone request.
Strip Map: Include a strip map showing 85th percentile speeds within the proposed area to
beconsidered, noting the appropriate mileposts, curve warning signs with advisory speeds,
andpedestriancrossings.
Speed Limits:
Existing
Proposed
Page 6-26
Chapter 7
7.1 Introduction
State highways function as multi-modal travel routes for commuters,
commercial vehicles, and recreational traffic. In addition, there may be both
short-term and long-term specialized uses of the roadways. Short-term special
uses of the highways include parades, running or bicycle events, filming,
and festivals. Long-term special uses such as designated shoulder-driving
segments for slower vehicles, or school bus stops or pedestrian crossings on
limited access highways, can also be authorized on specific roadway sections.
Requests are also received for permanent specialized highway uses such as
transit vehicle stops and placement of interpretive signing.
This chapter provides guidelines to assist in responding to special highway
use requests.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU #C010355GSC) between the
department and Washington State Patrol (WSP) governs the operation of
special events (parades, running or bicycle events, filming, and festivals) on
statehighways. The MOU establishes guidelines and defines responsibilities
for event operations. It also includes examples of event administration
documents (Appendix 7-1).
Special events on the state highway system are administered through the
regional Traffic Office for events taking place in a single region, or through
the State Traffic Engineers office for multi-region events. A Letter of
Agreement or a Letter of Acknowledgement between WSDOT and the
specialevent organizer defines the operation. There is no fee to event
organizers for special event administration and coordination.
Continuing or long-term specialized uses are also addressed in the Traffic
office, and may include coordination with other department offices or
agencies. The State Traffic Engineers office is available as a resource for
questions about events or other specialized highway uses not specifically
addressed in this chapter.
Page 7-1
Chapter 7
Page 7-2
Chapter 7
Page 7-3
Chapter 7
Page 7-4
Chapter 7
Page 7-5
Chapter 7
Provide advance public notice about events that may impact traffic
operations as a courtesy to the affected communities. Advance notice can
influence regular highway users to choose other routes on event day, thus
reducing event impacts. Include any requirements for giving such notice
inthe Letter of Agreement. Notice can include:
Placement of pre-event signs along the affected route.
Press releases by the organizer and the department.
Other public information efforts commensurate with the event scale.
There are eight common types of bicycle races: Time Trial, Criterium,
Road Race, Stage Races, Cyclocross, Mountain Bike, Duathlon, Triathlon,
or Multi-sport Event, and Relay/Cross Country. Each type of bicycle race
has the potential to utilize a state highway, and each type has specific
traffic control needs. Details are covered in the Bicycle Racing Guidelines.
Page 7-6
Chapter 7
Page 7-7
Chapter 7
Page 7-8
Chapter 7
Page 7-9
Chapter 7
Page 7-10
Chapter 7
3. Signs may be in place only for the duration of the special event.
4. Messages should consist of Name of Event or other simple message
and a directional arrow. No commercial advertising is allowed.
D. Pre-event Signing. Advance notice signing is sometimes installed to
advise regular highway users of an upcoming event that will affect normal
traffic operations. It is a courtesy to any communities or highway users
affected by a special event to alert them about potential traffic impacts
anddelays.
1. Pre-event signs, if required, are addressed in the Letter of Agreement.
2. Sign size, material, message, and locations are noted in the Letter of
Agreement. Sign color shall be black letters on an orange background.
3. Sign message is limited to name and date of event and a traffic
control message such as Use Alternate Route or Expect Delays or
more specific directional information as applicable. No commercial
advertising is allowed.
4. Signs and supports must be of crashworthy materials. Types include
roll-up signs on approved portable bases, signs mounted on approved
posts, and Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMS). Allowance is
made for crashworthy sign materials such as corrugated plastic.
5. Post mounted signs shall be installed and removed per MUTCD
installation standards. Signs shall not be installed on existing
regulatory or warning sign posts. Signs may be installed on existing
guide or informational sign posts.
6. Pre-event signing shall be installed between seven and ten days before
the event and removed within three days after the event.
Additionally, when a roadway is to be closed for an event, pre-event Road
tobe Closed signs must be posted a minimum of three days in advance
(RCW47.48.020). The signs will give the date(s) and time(s) of closure.
7.7 Banners
The department receives requests from public agencies, civic organizations,
and event sponsors, to install banners for a variety of informational purposes
on state highway right of way.
Most installation requests are for horizontal suspension over the roadway,
using span wire, and are the focus of this section. The occasional requests
forvertically mounted banners, such as on luminaire poles, are processed
case-by-case.
Some installations may require a wind load analysis prior to approval
(seeSection D).
Page 7-11
Chapter 7
On city streets that are also part of the state highway system under
RCW47.24, the cities are responsible for approving banner installations
that are more than 20 feet above the roadway surface. The department
only has the authority to prohibit banners up to a vertical height of 20feet
above the roadway surface (RCW47.24.020(3)).
Thus, requests for banners on city streets that are also part of the state
highway system are referred to the city for approval.
On state highways in unincorporated areas, the department has the
authority to regulate banners.
The department maintains authority on limited access roadways,
inboth incorporated and unincorporated areas.
Page 7-12
The region Traffic Office also coordinates any required wind load review
or analysis with the headquarters Bridge and Structures Office.
Chapter 7
Page 7-13
Chapter 7
Page 7-14
Chapter 7
Page 7-15
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
3. School children are not allowed to cross any roadway having three
or more marked traffic lanes, or any highway divided into separate
roadways, as described in RCW 46.61.150.
C. Coordination With School Districts and Approval Process. The
department works cooperatively with the OSPI to implement a school bus
stop approval and inventory process based on the WAC rules. The region
works with the individual school districts to assure that school bus stops
on limited access facilities meet those requirements. Figure 7-2 provides
a sample Proposed School Bus Stop Worksheet that the regions and the
school districts may use cooperatively to assess and approve potential bus
stops on partial or modified access controlled routes. The worksheet also
provides the basic information the State Traffic Engineers office needs to
maintain the required bus stop inventory. Figure 7-3 illustrates the school
bus stop approval and inventory process.
D. School Bus Stop Inventory. WAC 468-58-030 instructs the department to
maintain an inventory of all school bus stops on limited access highways.
The regions update the Limited Access school bus stop inventory on a
regular basis, often after the start of each school year. The information is
provided to the State Traffic Engineer. Regions also update school bus stop
information when new stops are established and when existing stops are
relocated or removed.
Page 7-17
Chapter 7
Page 7-18
Chapter 7
Page 7-19
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
Date
RE: Placement on SR _______.
Name
Street Address
City, State, and Zip Code
Dear
This letter is in response to your request to place a banner across SR ____________, at or
near milepost ____.___ for your __________________________________________ event.
PERMIT TO PLACE BANNER
The Washington State Department of Transportation conditionally approves your request to
place a banner, only under the conditions following:
1.
The banner message is limited to name, date, and event sponsor. Commercial
advertising is not allowed (RCW 47.42.020 and WAC 468-95-148). Non-commercial
informational messages not associated with an event are allowed.
2.
A vertical clearance of at least 20 feet must be maintained between the roadway surface
and the bottom of the banner (RCW 47.36.030 and WAC 468-95-148).
3.
The banner may not be installed more than 30 days before the event and shall be
removed not more than three days after the event (WAC 468-95-148). (Note: the
duration for informational banners is determined and stated here case by case.)
4.
The banner may not interfere with or obstruct the view of any traffic control device,
or impair the operation of transportation management systems or illumination
(RCW47.36.030 and WAC 468-95-148).
5.
The banner may not be directly illuminated in any manner (RCW 47.36.180).
Incidental illumination from existing street lights is allowed.
6.
7.
Write in the company names of the manufacturer and/or supplier for newly
manufactured banners and the installer. (You may omit the names of the manufacturer
and/or supplier if the banner has been used in previous years, and you note that on the
firstline.)
Manufacturer/Supplier: __________________________________________________
Installer: _____________________________________________________________
Page 7-20
Chapter 7
By signing below, (event sponsor) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the State of
Washington and the Washington State Department of Transportation, its officers and
employees from any and all claims, actions, or damages of any type or nature which may
accrue to be or be suffered by any person, persons, or property, by reason of the action or
omissions of the event sponsor, its agents, employees, contractors, or any person whomever,
arising out of or in connection with any acts or activities authorized by the Permit for
injuries, bodily injury, death, or property damage, including all costs of defense and
attorneys fees. This obligation shall not include such claims, costs, damages, or expenses
which may be caused by the sole negligence of the State or its officers or employees.
If (event sponsor) agrees to these terms, please have the duly authorized representative of
(event sponsor) or (name of city or town) sign this permit and return it to the Washington
State Department of Transportation at (mailing address or fax number).
Sincerely,
(Regional Signing Authority)
(Title)
__________________________________
Signature and Title of Authorized Official
__________________________________
Phone Number and E-mail Address
__________________________________
Place
__________________________________
Date
By my signature, I affirm under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of Washington
that I am authorized to bind the (event sponsor) to the terms and conditions of this Permit.
XX:yy
cc: File
Headquarters
Maintenance Area
Page 7-21
Chapter 7
WAC 468-58
School Bus Stop Inventory
Partial and Modified Limited Access Controlled Highways
Inventory Items School District Information
Date: ________________________________________
DOT Region: ________________________________________
School District: ________________________________________
School District Contact Person (Phone #, Mailing and E-mail Addresses)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
State Route Number: ________________________________________
Milepost (and approximate distance and direction to nearest intersection)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Direction of Travel: ________________________________________
Stop on/off Roadway: ________________________________________
Bus Stop Times: a.m./p.m.: ________________________________________
Page 7-22
Chapter 7
WAC 468-58
School Bus Stop Inventory
Partial and Modified Limited Access Controlled Highways
OSPI Distributes
Maps & WSDOT Contact
Review
School Ped
X-ing per WAC
Regional
Maintenance
Statewide
Database
State
Traffic Engineer
Page 7-23
Page 7-24
Chapter 7
Appendix 7-1
Memorandum of Understanding
Prepared by:
Field Operations Support Service Center
Traffic Operations
December 2000
Page 7-25
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
AND THE
WASHINGTON STATE PATROL
JOINT POLICY GUIDELINES FOR EVENTS ON STATE HIGHWAYS
It is the intent of the Secretary of the Washington State Department of Transportation
(WSDOT) and the Chief of the Washington State Patrol (WSP) to enter into a Memorandum
of Understanding to establish guidelines and define responsibilities for special events
operations on state highways. These guidelines provide reasonable and consistent criteria
for agreements that sanction the following events on state highway rights of way: filming,
bicycle and pedestrian events, parades, and any other event that may disrupt the normal flow
of traffic, or increase risk to the traveling public. These provisions apply to state highways
where both WSDOT and WSP have jurisdiction.
Certain events may impact normal traffic operations to the extent that special traffic control
efforts will be required, while other events may have a minimal impact. WSDOT and WSP
shall follow these general guidelines with regard to the event operations on state highways.
1.
Event coordinators proposing use of a state highway for event operations shall notify
the appropriate WSDOT Regional Office and provide pertinent information about the
operational requirements of the event. Initial contact may be made by phone, with
a written letter of request required within 48 hours of initial contact. Additionally,
application may now be made via the Internet. The form is found on WSDOTs web
site. Notification information shall include: state highway number, state highway
milepost limits, or nearest intersections with state highway, dates and times of event,
number of participants expected, and a description of the purpose and scope of the
event, including any proposed closure of any portion of a state highway.
2.
Based on the event description provided in the request for approval, WSDOT will
determine the potential for impact on normal traffic operations. WSDOT may consult
with the WSP to determine impacts on traffic law enforcement. Considerations include,
but are not limited to characteristics of the state highway, scope of the event, and any
scheduled construction or maintenance work that may conflict with event operations.
On an event basis, WSDOT and WSP may prohibit the use of particular roadways or
prohibit specific aspects of an event. Approval will not be granted for the use of state
highways at high volume locations or during days/times when events will adversely
affect vehicular traffic.
Memorandum of Understanding
Page 1 of 3
Page 7-26
Chapter 7
3.
Events that can be lawfully conducted within the Rules of the Road, RCW46.61,
receive concurrence as to the acceptability of the event by way of a Letter of
Acknowledgment. This letter recognizes the location and time of the event and may
include information about operational restrictions on specific sections of a state
highway or route revisions that may be required due to conflicts with construction
ormaintenanceoperations.
4.
5.
Memorandum of Understanding
Page 2 of 3
Page 7-27
6.
Chapter 7
WSDOT regulations and policies do not allow running or walking events on fully
controlled limited access highways.
The foregoing does not preclude the WSP and WSDOT from developing additional
guidelines and operational procedures to address specific issues of mutual concern related to
the use of state highway rights of way for event operations.
________________________________________
ANNETTE M. SANDBERG
Chief, Washington State Patrol
____________________
Date
________________________________________
JOHN CONRAD
Assistant Secretary for Field Operations Support
Washington State Department of Transportation
____________________
Date
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
________________________________________
ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL
FOR THE WASHINGTON STATE PATROL
____________________
Date
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
________________________________________
ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL
FOR THE WASHINGTON STATE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
____________________
Date
Memorandum of Understanding
Page 3 of 3
Page 7-28
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
(Date)
(Name and address of event coordinator)
Dear:
Thank you for your recent inquiry regarding your proposed (event type/name)
at (event location) scheduled for (event dates).
Because the (event type/name) appears to have only minimal potential for traffic impact on
state highways, we do not anticipate that special traffic control efforts are necessary.
(Note any special conditions here such as route or procedural restrictions).
(Give information specific to event type, as appropriate. Examples shown below)
(Pedestrians/runners are prohibited on the interstate system but may lawfully use other
roadway shoulders by facing traffic as prescribed in the Rules of the Road (RCW 46.61),
acopy of which are enclosed.) or (As a reminder, bike riders assume the risk for their own
safety when traveling on the states highways. Roadway conditions, traffic volumes, and
weather changes require review of the route for suitability. Each rider should have adequate
bicycling skills and know the Rules of the Road.)
I suggest that you provide a (event name) itinerary to all local authorities having jurisdiction
where the (event name) traverses county roads or city streets. For these areas, the local
authorities determine if special traffic control and permits will be required.
Best wishes for a successful (event name).
Sincerely,
______________________________
State or Region Traffic Engineer
(As applicable)
Page 7-29
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
Page 7-30
Chapter 7
You are responsible for any and all agreed costs incurred by WSDOT and WSP
enumerated here in Exhibit D. WSDOT and WSP shall submit separate billings to you
to recover individual agency costs and shall be paid by you within 30 days from receipt
of the billing. If the EVENT operations require substantial use of WSDOT and/or WSP
labor, equipment, or materials, then the EVENT organizers are required to enter into
a cost reimbursement agreement with WSDOT and/or WSP. The cost reimbursement
agreement guarantees reimbursement of all EVENT related costs to WSDOT and WSP
and shows costs associated with the event that must be paid by the EVENT organizers.
(See Exhibit D). WSDOT and WSP costs for labor, equipment, and/or materials will be
based on contracted amounts as determined by statute, and requirements for highway
operations. Typical WSDOT and WSP activities may include, but are not limited to;
labor costs, equipment related costs, indirect costs for service, such as; traffic control,
maintenance operations and work zone safety or other highway operation activities.
4. You are responsible for cleaning up immediately after EVENT operations and returning
any and all state highway facilities to the state or condition that existed prior to the
EVENT.
5. Any base of operations, or storage or staging area for the EVENT shall be located
outside the states right of way. Prior authorization from WSDOT shall be required for
any base of operations, storage or staging areas to be located within the right of way.
Page 7-31
Chapter 7
6. For events having participant registration forms, you are encouraged to include
WSDOT and WSP in a statement of waiver or release of damages against the state of
Washington, for signature by event participants or parents or guardians of participant
minors. A sample release for such forms is as follows:
7.
I, (
name of participant
), do hereby release, discharge, and hold
harmless the Washington State Transportation Commission, the Washington State
Department of Transportation, the Washington State Patrol, and their officers,
agents, and employees from all claims, demands, and causes of actions of every
kind whatsoever for any damage, loss, or injuries which may result from my
participation in the ( name of event
), involving state highways, known or
unknown, foreseen or unforeseen.
1. EVENT COORDINATOR, at solely his or her expense, shall obtain and keep in force
during the term of the EVENT, general liability insurance coverage in an amount no
less that $1 million per occurrence (combined single limit of liability) and $2 million in
the aggregate providing bodily injury, property damage, and personal injury coverage
for the state of Washington for any liabilities, including all costs of defense, arising
out of the use of state highways for the EVENT. Said general liability coverage shall
be written on an occurrence basis, not a claims made basis, and shall provide
coverage no less than the coverage provided by a Commercial General Liability
Coverage Form (CG 00 01 07 98 ISO or later). Said policy shall not be subject to any
self-insured retained limit of liability, or endorsements that would limit the coverage
provided by the original policy form, except to the extent that coverage is limited to
claims arising from the EVENT. EVENT COORDINATOR, at his or her expense,
shall obtain and keep in force during the term of the EVENT commercial automobile
liability coverage in an amount no less than $1 million per occurrence (combined
single limit of liability) providing bodily injury and property damage coverage for
the State of Washington as an additional insured under said policy. Said liability
coverage shall provide coverage no less than the coverage provided by a Commercial
Automobile Liability Form (CA 00 01 07 97 ISO or later). Said policy shall not be
subject to any self-insured retained limit of liability, or any endorsement that would
limit the coverage provided by the original policy form, except to the extent that
coverage is limited to claims arising from the EVENT. An affidavit verifying proof of
insurance reflecting the required coverage is required and must be in the possession of
WSDOT and WSP prior to commencement of the event. (See EXHIBIT C - Parades,
to determine if insurance will be required for parades on city streets that are also
statehighways.)
Page 7-32
Chapter 7
2. EVENT COORDINATOR shall indemnify and hold the state of Washington harmless
against any and all claims or actions of any type of nature by third parties for
injuries or property damage, including all costs of defense, caused by or arising out
oftheEVENT.
Venue
1. In the event that any party deems it necessary to institute legal action or proceedings to
enforce any right or obligation under this Agreement, the parties hereto agree that any
such action or proceeding shall be brought in a court of competent jurisdiction situated
in Thurston County, Washington, and EVENT COORDINATOR herein submits
tojurisdiction thereunder.
Traffic Control
1. WSDOT has determined that a traffic control plan is necessary for this EVENT.
Operational details specific to the EVENT are contained in EXHIBIT __, attached
hereto. All components of the traffic control plan shall conform to the standards of the
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Such plans must be approved
by the WSDOT Regional traffic engineer(s) and are coordinated by the State Traffic
Engineer for inter-regional events. In addition, traffic control plans shall meet the
following requirements and restrictions:
EVENT COORDINATOR is responsible for acquiring all traffic control devices,
and shall have all traffic control devices installed per approved plan prior to
commencement of the EVENT.
Traffic control operations shall be performed by certified flaggers, or off duty law
enforcement officers.
Any rolling traffic break (intentional slowing of traffic through a moving
roadblock, provided by WSP) shall operate at a speed greater than 35mph on full
access control, freeway type highways. In no event shall any vehicle exceed the
regulatory speed limits.
Traffic control plans may include proposals to close shoulders, lanes, or entire
sections of state highways. Information about the proposed closures including
dimensions such as overall distance, lane or shoulder widths, times and dates, and
detour plans shall be included in the approved traffic control plans. Closures on
interstate and other access controlled, freeway type highways will not be allowed.
Road closures will be considered only where no other traffic control strategies
appear satisfactory, and where an adequate detour route is available. The EVENT
COORDINATOR is required to provide notification of the closure, at least
72 hours in advance, to all fire and law enforcement departments, ambulance
companies, and transit agencies that would be affected by the closure. The
EVENT COODINATOR is required to comply with RCW 47.48.020, a copy of
which is hereto attached. (The copy of RCW 47.48.020 has been provided as a
courtesy. It may or may not have current amendments. EVENT COORDINATOR
is responsible for reading and complying with any subsequent amendments to
the statute that are not attached). Notice of closure signs posted under purview
of this statute shall read, at a minimum, SR__TO BE CLOSED day, date, time
AT location. The signs shall have 6-inch minimum size capital black letters on a
white background with a black border and shall be fabricated so the sign will be
retroreflective and not be affected by weather conditions.
Page 7-33
2.
Chapter 7
If an element of the traffic control plan such as road or lane closures, or rolling traffic
breaks impact traffic operations, a pre-event meeting, scheduled by the EVENT
COODINATOR may be required. The EVENT COODINATOR, WSDOT, WSP should
attend this meeting, along with a representative of any local agency impacted by
the EVENT. The purpose of the meeting is to ensure that the traffic control plan and
related operational procedures are finalized and participants understand their roles and
responsibilities prior to commencement of the EVENT. Minor events (as determined
by WSDOT or WSP) may not require this operational meeting.
WSDOT Signature
__________________________________
SIGNATURE
__________________________________
SIGNATURE
__________________________________
PRINTED NAME
__________________________________
WSDOT OFFICE TITLE
__________________________________
TITLE AS OFFICE WITH (event name)
__________________________________
DATE
__________________________________
DATE
__________________________________
ADDRESS
__________________________________
FAX #
Page 7-34
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
EXHIBIT A
FILMING EVENT AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT #_____________
This Exhibit, in combination with the Letter of Agreement comprises a complete
understanding between the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the
Washington State Patrol (WSP), and the filming event coordinator.
1. The film production company shall be in direct contact with the Washington State Film
Office (WSFO) regarding location filming on state highways. The WSFO may initially
direct a filming event coordinator to the appropriate WSDOT regions filming liaison.
A production company with previous experience filming on state highways under the
sanction of WSDOT and WSFO may contact the appropriate WSDOT regional office
directly. A courtesy copy of any correspondence and/or written agreement between
WSDOT, WSP and the film production company shall be provided to WSFO. Contact
WSFO at www.filmwashington.com.
2.
The film production companys base of operations, including staging or storage areas,
shall be located outside the states operating right of way. Prior authorization shall be
required for any base of operations located within right of way. e.g., Your request to
locate (material, equipment, trailer, etc) within the state right of way, at (milepost,
offset left or right) has been approved for this filming event. Written approval is
attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
3.
4.
An affidavit verifying that the film production company has obtained the liability
insurance policies covering the state of Washington in accordance with paragraph 1 of
the Liability section of this Agreement shall be in the possession of WSDOT and WSP
prior to event participants entering upon state right of way.
5.
Special traffic control is required for this event. A traffic control plan has been
approved by WSDOT for this event, a copy of which is attached hereto and
incorporated herein by this reference. Traffic control shall operate as follows; insert
information including traffic control plan(s), location(s), duration of intermittent traffic
closures, rolling traffic break details, detour route, personnel requirements etc. At no
time shall the traffic be allowed to back up beyond temporary warning signs. All lanes
shall be allowed to clear traffic between intermittent traffic closures.
Page 7-35
Chapter 7
6.
7.
Prior to any filming operations requiring a road or lane closure or the use of a rolling
traffic break, an operational meeting may be required with WSDOT, WSP and
the film company. When appropriate, other local authorities and law enforcement
agencies may attend this meeting. The purpose of this meeting is to ensure that all
traffic control plans and related operational procedures are finalized and participants
are aware of their individual responsibilities prior to the commencement of filming.
Minor filming operations (as determined by WSDOT and WSP) may not require this
operationalmeeting.
8.
A rolling traffic break (the intentional slowing of vehicular traffic by way of a moving
road block provided by the WSP) shall be greater than 35MPH on full access
control highways and in no event shall any vehicle be permitted to exceed regulatory
speedlimits.
9.
Any filming involving the use of any aircraft shall be done in accordance with
FAAregulations.
Page 7-36
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
EXHIBIT B
BICYCLING / PEDESTRIAN EVENT AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT #________________
This Exhibit, in combination with the Agreement comprises a complete understanding
between the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the Washington
State Patrol (WSP), and the coordinator for the (name of event).
Unless specifically required to participate in the development or deployment of any traffic
control plan, WSDOT and WSP will have only incidental involvement with the event.
1.
Special traffic control is required for this event. A traffic control plan has been
approved for this event, a copy of which is attached hereto and incorporated herein by
this reference. Traffic control shall operate as follows; insert information including but
not limited to: traffic control plan, detour routes, proof of notification of closure.
2.
Special conditions, such as relay starts, reflectorized participant clothing, legal bicycle
lighting, transport and aid vehicles may also be imposed as part of the event approval.
The Event Coordinator shall be responsible for scheduling any required meetings.
3.
For competitive bicycle racing events, refer to Washington State Bicycle Racing
Guidelines. This publication provides detailed information about traffic control and
racing protocol for bicycle races, and contains a separate approval and permitting
process. The guidelines are available from WSDOTs website at: www.wsdot.wa.gov/
NR/rdonlyres/45CCAE77-0247-4BFB-995D-FB99E068A2FE/0/RacingGuide.pdf.
4.
Page 7-37
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
EXHIBIT C
PARADES EVENT AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT #______________
This Exhibit C, in combination with the Agreement comprises a complete understanding
between the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), the Washington
State Patrol (WSP), and the parade event coordinator.
Unless specifically required to participate in the development or deployment of any traffic
control plan, WSDOT and WSP will have only incidental involvement with the event.
1.
For cities and towns having a population in excess of 25,000, only a traffic control plan
is required prior to conducting a parade on a city street that is also a state highway.
There are no other terms or conditions.
2.
The parade sponsor agrees to hold the State of Washington harmless from any and
all claims for any type or nature arising from the EVENT that is the subject of
thisagreement.
3.
Parade events sponsored by cities or towns, and covered by existing insurance policies
do not need to comply with the liability insurance articles contained in paragraph 1 of
the Liability section of the Agreement.
4.
Page 7-38
Chapter 7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
EXHIBIT E
RCW 47.48.020
(This copy of RCW 47.48.020 has been provided as a courtesy. It may or may not have
current amendments. EVENT COORDINATOR is responsible for reading and complying
with any subsequent amendments to the statute that are not attached).
RCW 47.48.020
Notice of closure or restriction -- Emergency closure.
Before any state highway, county road, or city street is closed to, or the maximum speed
limit thereon reduced for, all vehicles or any class of vehicles, a notice thereof including the
effective date shall be published in one issue of a newspaper of general circulation in the
county or city or town in which such state highway, county road, or city street or any portion
thereof to be closed is located; and a like notice shall be posted on or prior to the date of
publication of such notice in a conspicuous place at each end of the state highway, county
road, or city street or portion thereof to be closed or restricted: PROVIDED, That no such
state highway, county road, or city street or portion thereof may be closed sooner than three
days after the publication and the posting of the notice herein provided for: PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, That in cases of emergency or conditions in which the maximum time the
closure will be in effect is twelve hours or less the proper officers may, without publication
or delay, close state highways, county roads, and city streets temporarily by posting notices
at each end of the closed portion thereof and at all intersecting state highways if the closing
be of a portion of a state highway, at all intersecting state highways and county roads if the
closing be a portion of a county road, and at all intersecting city streets if the closing be of a
city street. In all emergency cases or conditions in which the maximum time the closure will
be in effect is twelve hours or less, as herein provided, the orders of the proper authorities
shall be immediately effective.
Exhibit E
Page 1 of 1
Page 7-39
Appendix 7-2
________________________
Page 7-40
Chapter 7
III.
Introduction
Overview
A.
General
B.
Components
C.
Definitions
Guidelines
A.
Request for approval (figure 1)
B.
General Condition Criteria
C.
Regional Traffic Office Review
1.
Engineering and Traffic Considerations
a)
General
b)
Review checklist (figure 2)
c)
Stopping sight distance
(1)
Operational speed
(2)
Measure sight distance
(3)
Determine stopping sight distance
d)
Accident Review
e)
Pedestrian Access Review
f)
Pedestrian Sight Distance - Crosswalks
2.
Site Considerations at Proposed Locations
3.
Placement of stops at intersections
a)
Near-side
b)
Far-side
c)
Mid-block
4.
Transit Vehicle Stop Pullout Considerations
5.
Transit Vehicle Stop In-lane Considerations
D.
Transit Vehicle Stop Zone Delineation and Signing
1.
Delineation (Figures 3, 4)
2.
Signing (Figure 5)
E.
Comment from other agencies and public agencies
F.
Approval
1.
Delegation of Authority to Approve
2.
Determination of approval
3.
Variance
4.
Notification
5.
Application for General Permit
1
2
2
2
3
5
6, 7, 8
9
9
9
10
11
12
12
13
13
14
15
16
16
17, 18, 19
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
II
Page 7-41
Chapter 7
V.
Agreement
A.
General
B.
Transit stops within incorporated cities and towns
C.
Goals
1.
Promote transit ridership
2.
Identify and develop funding sources
3.
Maintenance and Operations Plan
4.
Joint Performance Review
Transit Stop Inventory and Review
A.
Inventory
B.
Submitting TRIPS data
C.
Review
1.
Existing approved
2.
Existing non-approved
3.
Flag Stops
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
III
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Chapter 7
IV
Page 7-43
Chapter 7
I. Introduction
These guidelines provide a standard process for managing approval requests for Transit Vehicle Stop
Zones on State Highways outside incorporated areas. The guidelines also promote department wide
uniformity by facilitating regional compliance with the requirements of WAC Chapter 468-46, as it
applies to Transit Vehicle Stop Zones. In addition, the guidelines blend the operational needs of the
department and the public transit authorities with public safety and risk management. The guidelines
are a compilation of information from several sources and are intended for use by Regional Traffic
Operations personnel involved with non-project, low cost enhancement programs and development
review processes. See the WSDOT design manual for information on incorporating transit vehicle stop
zones into design projects.
As the department works in partnership with transit agencies to meet the challenges of operating a
multi-modal transportation system, providing continued safe and efficient mobility for existing
customers is a major priority. These guidelines offer provisions to sanction, by variance, existing stops
that do not meet minimum criteria, providing the location is operating safely, as determined by an
engineering and traffic investigation. This process allows opportunities to plan funding for upgrades
and improvements to these existing stops in normal budgetary programming cycles.
References include:
WSDOT Design Manual, Division 6, Division10
AASHTO A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, Chapter 3
Transportation Research Board TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Report 19 Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Bus Stops
WAC and RCW
Chapter 46846 WAC
Transit Vehicle Stop Zones
46846010 - The WAC directs the department, upon receipt of a request for approval of a transit stop
on a state highway, outside an incorporated area, to conduct an engineering and traffic investigation
in an attempt to find a suitable location at which transit vehicles may stop wholly off the roadway.
46846020 - The WAC allows the department to approve a temporary in-lane stop if a suitable
location, wholly off the roadway, cannot be found within a reasonable and practical distance
from the proposed location, and there is, based on engineering judgment, stopping sight distance as a
minimum.
46846030 - The WAC requires a transit vehicle stop (bus stop) sign installation at all approved
locations. This sign is installed by the public transit authority.
46846040 - The WAC requires an advance transit vehicle stop sign installation, consistent with the
MUTCD specifications, at all locations where the transit vehicle stop is not visible for a distance of
500 in advance of the stop. This sign is installed by the department.
46846060 - The WAC requires that a continuous effort be made to eliminate temporary transit
vehicle stops upon the roadway. This effort is subject to the availability of funds.
RCW
Chapter 46.04.500 RCW
Roadway. The RCW defines roadway as that portion of the highway improved, designed, or
ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the sidewalk or shoulder.
Chapter 46.61.560 RCW
Page 7-44
Chapter 7
II. Overview
A. General
General considerations for locating transit vehicle stops include:
promote safe pedestrian access
encourage safe pedestrian crossings
maximize transit efficiency
offer proximity to activity centers
minimize disruptions to traffic
satisfy general spacing requirements
provide convenient connections to other transportation modes
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires equal access for riders with disabilities. It is
critical that as many transit stops as possible be fully accessible. Historically, transit vehicle stop zone
studies consisted of a general field review to determine if the roadway geometrics would accommodate
a safe stopping area for the transit vehicle. Pedestrian amenities such as sidewalks, roadway crossing
opportunities, security lighting, and shelters were not considered in the review process. With the civil
guarantee of ADA functionality, and a commitment to making transit stop locations more viable and
user friendly, the review process should consider the needs of the pedestrian both before and after using
the transit service.
B. Components
When combined, the following components will create a foundation for an ongoing transit vehicle stop
zone program.
The process of receiving, reviewing, and approving/denying requests for transit vehicle
stop zones
Agreements, as funding, maintenance, and operational tools, and as opportunities to
partner with public transit authorities in an effort to realize the departments strategic plan
An ongoing transit vehicle stop zone inventory and review program to be integrated into
the departments corporate database
Commitment to public safety and risk management
C. Definitions
A transit vehicle stop zone is the portion of the roadway that is designated for use by transit vehicles as
a temporary stop when loading or unloading passengers. Also referred to as bus stop or transit
stop, two configurations are defined in these guidelines:
2
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Chapter 7
III. GUIDELINES
A. Request for Approval
Prior to installing a transit vehicle stop on a state highway outside an incorporated area, a public transit
authority shall submit a written request for approval to the department. The Regional Traffic Office is
responsible for designating a transit liaison specialist to receive requests and follow through with the
review process and necessary documentation.
Time required to process requests for approval
Process the requests for approval as quickly as possible. A joint review including regional traffic
personnel and transit authority representatives may eliminate any incomplete or inconsistent
information. This may also save time by allowing review of several locations, or all locations within a
corridor during one visit. A turn around time of 15 working days from the date of receipt of the request
is recommended as the goal of the regional traffic operations personnel. Resource limitations within the
regions may increase the time required to process requests. Add an additional 5 working days to the
turn around time if a special speed study or sight distance determination is required. This does not
include the time required for processing an application for general permit.
Include the following information on the request for approval:
Name of requesting agency
Date of request
Name, address, Tel #, and e-mail address of person submitting request
State Route, milepost
Distance/Direction to or from the nearest intersection
Direction of travel of proposed stop
Estimated number of transit stop users
ETAs of stops at location
3
Page 7-46
Chapter 7
Bus route (note any weaving or multiple lane changes required in the course of the route
within one quarter mile of the proposed stop)
Major traffic generator ( school, business, health care facility)
Transit users requiring special pedestrian focus (children, elderly)
Type of stop, in-lane or pullout
Is a parking restriction required?
Vehicle type, length, gvw, turning radius
Photo or video of proposed location
Plan view vicinity drawing showing:
North arrow
State Highway #, existing lanes of travel, nearest intersections
In rural areas, show intersections or roadway features within one quarter mile
of the proposed stop
In urban or suburban areas show adjacent intersections
Location of proposed stop, width of pullout lane, length and rates of tapers
Passenger Amenities
ADA pad
Lighting
Shelter
Furniture
Pedestrian Access
walkway
roadway crossing opportunities
Request Form
Use a standardized request form to promote a consistent response procedure within the Department.
See figure 1.
Page 7-47
Chapter 7
WSDOT
Request to Approve Transit Vehicle Stop Zone
Agency submitting request __________________________________ Date _________
Contact Person ______________________________ Tel __________ Fax__________
Mailing address_________________________________________ e-mail____________________
Proposed Location Information
State Route _____________ Milepost ______________
Distance/Direction to/from nearest intersection _________________________________
Proposed Stop - Direction of travel ____ Estimated Transit Stop User Volume, Day__ Peak Hour__
List the etas of scheduled stops at the proposed site ______________________________________
Does the Bus Route require changing multiple lanes or weaving at or near the proposed stop? ______
Is the stop at a major pedestrian generator ( school, business, health care facility) ________________
Are there transit users requiring special pedestrian focus (children, elderly) _____________________
Type of stop: in-lane or pullout____________________
Type of pullout: near side _____ far side _____ mid block ____other _______________
Proposed vehicle type (give length, gvw, turn radius) L______ W______ radius ______
Submit a plan view of the proposed site
Include the following features if applicable:
North Arrow
ADA Pad
Pedestrian Crossing
Walkway
Proposed Stop
Width
Tapers
Amenities
Shelter
Lighting
Furniture
Other: __________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1.
Page 7-48
Chapter 7
These General Condition Tables offer guidance in determining the appropriate type of transit stop
(pullout or in-lane). In addition they give direction in planning the Regional Traffic Office Review by
calling out other important considerations. Chapter 468-46 WAC requires transit vehicle stops to be
wholly off the roadway, wherever reasonable or practical. RCW 46.61.560 allows in-lane stops at
locations that are approved by WSDOT.
The WSDOT Design Manual chapter 1060 and the TCRP Report 19 guidelines offer concurring
recommendations for pullouts at locations where one or more of the following factors are present:
Curb lane traffic volume exceeds 250 vehicles during the peak hour
Traffic speed is greater than 45 mph (WSDOT Design Manual), 40 mph (TCRP Report 19)
Passenger volume at the stop exceeds 20 boardings per hour
History of accidents at the proposed location
Page 7-49
Chapter 7
GENERAL CONDITION
Rural Suburban
Two Lane, High Speed, Moderate High Traffic Volume
Criteria for Approval of New Stops
Review request for approval
Pullout recommended if one or more of the following factors is present:
If curb lane peak hour volume is greater than 250 vehicles
If 10 or more buses stop at this location during peak hour
If 20 or more transit users board the bus per hour
If operational speed is greater than 45 mph
If accident history indicates risk
Review roadway geometrics and accident history
Transit vehicle stop sign required
ADA pad required if transit vehicle is equipped with accessibility function
ADA sign required if stop is ADA functional
Advance transit vehicle stop sign required if sight distance is less than 500
Page 7-50
Chapter 7
GENERAL CONDITION
Urban Not incorporated
Multilane, Low Speed , Moderate High Traffic Volume
Criteria for Approval of New Stops
Review request for approval
Pullout recommended if one or more of the following factors is present:
If curb lane peak hour volume is greater than 250 vehicles
If 10 or more buses stop at this location during peak hour
If 20 or more transit users board the bus per hour
If accident history indicates risk
Review roadway geometrics and accident history
Transit vehicle stop sign required
ADA pad required if transit vehicle is equipped with accessibility function
ADA sign required if stop is ADA functional
Advance transit vehicle stop sign required if sight distance is less than 500
Security Lighting recommended
Passenger Shelter recommended
Page 7-51
Chapter 7
Conduct reviews using the geometric section (Sections 610-650) and the transit benefit facility section
(Section 1060) of the WSDOT Design Manual, the AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets, and the TCRP Report 19, Guidelines for the Location and Design of Bus Stops.
1. Engineering and Traffic considerations:
a) General
The horizontal and vertical alignment, design speed, and design stopping sight distance data for
existing state highways can be accessed on remote terminals through the TRIPS mainframe. Use
Roadway Reports menunb01. The SRVIEW software can help define area environments. The focus
of an onsite review may include, but not be limited to, a field test to determine stopping sight
distance, a speed study to determine 85th percentile speed, and a review of pedestrian access,
pedestrian crossing opportunities, and pedestrian sight distance. Consider the location of proposed
bus shelter and ensure clear sight distance at intersections and driveways. In addition, review
existing highway features for potential conflicts, including but not limited to:
Existing utilities, above and below ground
Existing drainage or sewer installations
Existing guardrail or barrier
Existing signs
Existing vegetation
b) Review Checklist
Use a standardized review checklist to promote a consistent procedure within the Department. See
figure 2.
Page 7-52
Chapter 7
WSDOT
Transit Vehicle Stop Zone Review Checklist
Region______________
Roadway Geometry
Existing Shoulder:
Width ______ft. Surface material / depth ______ / ____ Condition ___________
Review by regional materials lab _______________________________________
Existing Sidewalk:
Width ______ft. Material _____________ Condition ______________
ADA Landing Pad - Yes No
Size (5x8minimum size) _______ft. X ______ft.
Existing street lighting - Yes
No Condition of existing vegetation _________________________
Speed
Pullout Considerations
2) _____________ft. Ave)____________ft.
Advance Transit Stop Sign required - Yes
No
Inlane Considerations
If a pullout is not recommended in the General Condition Criteria, is an in-lane stop appropriate at this
location? Yes
No
Comments_____________________________________________________________________
Pedestrian Considerations
________________________________________________________________
Should Transit Stop Be Approved? - Yes
No
Page 7-53
Chapter 7
11
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Chapter 7
Page 7-55
Chapter 7
Rural Applications - It is not practical to assume that a public transit authority would configure a rural
stop with few passengers to contain all of these elements. However if the passengers are exercising
their only mobility option, a need is demonstrated for all of the basic amenities listed above.
f) Pedestrian Sight Distance Crosswalks
Pedestrians must have a clear line of sight to all traffic that may impact pedestrian movements at
proposed transit stops. A field review should reveal any potential sight obstructions and allow the
reviewer to assume the perspective of the pedestrian. Consider the position of the stopped transit
vehicle at a proposed location, as it may be a potential sight obstruction to pedestrians crossing in
front of, or behind the vehicle.
Marked crosswalks are generally installed only at controlled intersections. Marked crosswalks may
be considered on multilane highways at uncontrolled intersections or mid-block locations if there is
sufficient pedestrian volume and median refuge areas have been provided. The department, or
appropriate city is responsible for installing and maintaining crosswalks.
2. Site Considerations at Proposed Locations
The proposed location should not block intersections or driveways - RCW 46.61.570
The area of passenger boarding and exiting should not conflict with pedestrian flow through the
area
The proposed location should not conflict with other user groups such as bike lanes, ferry holding
lanes, emergency vehicle approaches, rail crossings
The proposed location should be in a well drained area, and should not require installation of
drainage features
Spacing of transit stops can impact overall traffic performance. Spacing should be based on
prevailing land use and passenger volumes, with consideration given to maximizing traffic flow on
the roadway.
Typical Transit Stop Spacing
Environment
Typical Spacing
Central Core Area of CBD
Urban Areas
Suburban Areas
Rural Areas
600 feet
750 feet
1250 feet
locate @ activity nodes
or 2500 feet
13
Page 7-56
Chapter 7
Farside
Advantages
Near
side
Mid
block
14
Page 7-57
Chapter 7
A 5-foot (measured parallel to the face of curb) by 8-foot (measured normal to the face of curb) atgrade or raised landing pad is required to meet current ADA requirements at proposed or newly relocated transit locations. This is the minimum allowable size. The pad shall be constructed of a
stable, firm, slip-resistant surface. The pad shall be sloped to drain but not create an unstable
situation for a wheelchair. Consider the possibility of service by a transit vehicle equipped with
either a front or rear door wheelchair lift. Although not a requirement, a 10-foot by 10-foot pad
increases efficiency of operation.
When funding is available, provide an ADA accessible, 5ft wide at-grade walkway or raised
sidewalk for the length of the pullout, extending to the intersection radius return.
15
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17
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18
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19
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Figure 5
36 x 48
6 C Letters
20
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Page 7-64
Chapter 7
IV.
Agreement
A. General
With the foundation of any successful relationship being mutual understanding and cooperation, a
spirit of partnership should guide these agreements, as they cover operational, maintenance, and
funding issues pertaining to transit vehicle stop zones. Because the transit authorities serve customers
on the state highways, and the department sanctions the approval, installation and maintenance of the
transit features required to provide this service, these agreements present a distinct opportunity to
demonstrate a commitment to the operation and promotion of a safe and coordinated transportation
system, as prescribed in the WSDOT Strategic Plan Mission Statement.
B. Transit stops within incorporated cities and towns
Requests for approval of transit vehicle stops on state highways located within incorporated cities and
towns should be submitted to the appropriate local agency, with a courtesy copy to the Regional transit
liaison. The department may be requested to partner with the local agencies and transit authorities
regarding the approval process, and the maintenance and operations agreements. No state regulations
exist pertaining to WSDOT sanctioning of transit vehicle stop zones within incorporated areas. The
department is authorized by statute to issue permits for construction (RCW 47.32.160) and mandated to
maintain the roadway surface (RCW 47.24.020) within these areas.
C. Goals of the agreement
Components of and agreement may include, but are not limited to:
1. Promote transit ridership
The Department and the transit agency should combine efforts to develop and encourage transit
ridership in all general condition areas of the regions. The department should endeavor to create
and operate an easy to use system for processing requests for approval. The focus should be on the
development of user oriented, efficient transit stops that appeal to new and existing customers. To
create effective communication, a definitive list of contact persons for both the department and the
public transit agencies should be developed and shared between the partners.
2. Identify and develop funding sources
The Department and the transit agency should combine efforts to create avenues for funding
improvements of existing stops as well as the design and construction of new sites. Some potential
sources include:
TIB funding (Public Transportation Systems Account)
Funding available through the WSDOT Public Transportation Office
49 USC Section 5311- can be used for the purchase and installation of passenger
shelters and signing in rural areas
Rural Mobility Grant Program - can be used for construction of pullouts and
shelters
STP transfer funds
State Infrastructure Bank
49 USC Section5307 for urban areas
Low cost enhancement funds administrated by the regional Traffic Operations Office
Funding for improvements to state highways
22
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Page 7-66
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Page 7-67
Appendix 7-3
Page 7-68
Chapter 7
Page 7-69
Page 7-70
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
Page 7-71
Page 7-72
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
8.1 General
The department is directed by state law to regulate advertising signs
that arevisible to Interstate, Primary, and Scenic state highway systems.
Advertising messages may be displayed by one of several methods:
Billboards and other highway advertising signs may display business
logos and advertising print along selected areas of state highways, outside
state-owned right of ways. See Highway Advertising Control M22-95.
Advertising venues exist at a number of rest areas along Interstate
highways, and at several Ferry Division locations.
Motorist information signs display logos for specific types of motorist
services on regulated signs within the right of way. See M 55-94.
Page 8-1
Chapter 8
Page 8-2
Chapter 8
Page 8-3
Chapter 8
Page 8-4
The NHS system did not automatically include all FAP routes;
there are former FAP route segments that are not part of the NHS
system. When reviewing a non-Interstate highway segment that is
excluded from the Scenic System consider the following:
Chapter 8
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Chapter 8
A major focus of the 1965 federal HBA was to buy out nonconforming signs. The Act created a June 1, 1971 date for removing
existing signs that did not comply with the new laws (non-conforming
signs). A three-year extension was later established, creating a May 10,
1974 deadline.
To remove these signs, the law also required that just compensation
be paid to the sign owner, with federal funds contributing 75 percent
of the compensation. Federal funding was not adequate to buy out
all non-conforming signs on the states highway systems by May 10,
1974. Under RCW 47.42.105, no sign can be required to be removed
if the federal share of just compensation to be paid upon removal of
the sign is not available. Due to the lack of federal funds, existing
nonconforming signs that had not been compensated and removed by
May 10, 1974, were allowed to remain and be maintained. These signs
created the framework for todays non-conforming sign inventory.
Page 8-12
See Section (5)(h) that follows for discussion about the nonconforming sign inventory.
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Page 8-13
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Page 8-18
Chapter 8
Passive
Traffic Control System
Figure 8-1
Train
Speed
20
30
40
50
60
10
146
69
106
135
99
220
100
324
105
447
111
589
20
293
69
212
135
198
220
200
324
209
447
222
589
30
439
69
318
135
297
220
300
324
314
447
333
589
40
585
69
424
135
396
220
401
324
419
447
444
589
50
732
69
530
135
494
220
501
324
524
447
555
589
60
878
69
636
135
593
220
601
324
628
447
666
589
70
1024
69
742
135
692
220
701
324
733
447
777
589
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Chapter 8
Train
Speed
Car
Single
UnitTruck
Bus
WB-50
Semi-Truck
65-foot
Double
Truck
Pedestrian **
10
105
185
200
225
240
180
20
205
365
400
450
485
355
25
255
455
500
560
605
440
30
310
550
600
675
725
530
40
410
730
795
895
965
705
50
515
910
995
1,120
1,205
880
60
615
1,095
1,195
1,345
1,445
1,060
70
715
1,275
1,395
1,570
1,680
1,235
80
820
1,460
1,590
1,790
1,925
1,410
90
920
1,640
1,790
2,015
2,165
1,585
Page 8-21
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Page 8-22
Chapter 8
The Headquarters Traffic Office maintains an inventory of offpremise highway advertising signs (Types 4 and 5) visible to
local NHS roadways. Although the control of such signs is the
responsibility of the local jurisdiction or agency, the department is
committed to providing technical assistance to a local agency when
requested. Periodically the region HAC personnel conduct a review
of local NHS routes to assure that the departments inventory is up
to date.
Headquarters will integrate the data into the HAC files, place
the signs under permit if the route was not regulated prior to the
Scenic designation, and update the permit database. Headquarters
correspondence with the sign and property owners will discuss
information pertinent to the individual sign including:
Highway Advertising Control Act requirements concerning
permits.
Permit renewals.
Legal sign status (located in an area exempt from Scenic
classification).
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The sign owner or property owner must comply with the provisions
of the abatement notice within 15 days after receiving the regions
certified letter. If compliance is not attained, the region Traffic
Engineer requests abatement assistance from the State Traffic
Engineer. Submit a completed Transmittal Checklist, Request for
AG Assistance to Remove Illegal Signs (Appendix 8-11) and an
abatement assistance request letter with the following information:
A copy of all correspondence between the department and the sign
owner and/or property owner including phone call logs and a brief
summary discussion of any other conversations.
Cite all applicable RCWs and WACs, and explain how they
areviolated.
Include color photos of the sign and any other features that display
the nature of the violation. Dated photos are most desirable.
Include photos that demonstrate that the sign was not removed by
the date certain established by the 15-day letter. Dated photos are
most desirable.
Include sketches, measurements, and other pertinent data that
provide confirming evidence of the violation.
Page 8-26
Chapter 8
The State Traffic Engineer and the Assistant Attorney General (AAG)
assigned to highway advertising control work together to secure sign
removal. The AAG will prepare an ORDER TO REMOVE (OTR)
letter authorized under RCW 47.42.080(2), for signature by the State
Traffic Engineer. The order requires the property owner to remove the
illegal sign within 15 days, and states that any review of the order must
be filed in Thurston County Superior Court within 30 days after the
order is served.
Page 8-27
Chapter 8
All information, such as the name of the sign owner and the
property owner, and a summary of all contact with the owner(s),
whether by phone or letter, must be included on the form.
Twodigital images can be stored for each record.
Page 8-28
Chapter 8
Page 8-29
Chapter 8
8. Other Guidelines
a. Billboards on Indian Trust Lands. The states have no regulatory
authority over billboards on Indian Trust land. A March 7, 1986
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) memorandum contained
information about advertising signs on Indian lands. It cited a
United States Supreme Court ruling that upheld a California
Supreme Court decision. The California court decision found
thefollowing:
The California Department of Transportation could not use the
states highway advertising control act to regulate billboards
erected on reservation land held in trust by the United States
for the beneficial use of the Morongo Indian Band.
The Federal Highway Beautification Act (HBA) preempts the
states regulatory authority in the area of highway advertising
control on Indian reservations.
The Federal Department of the Interior (Bureau of Indian
Affairs) is the appropriate agency to enforce the HBA
provisions on Indian land.
Page 8-30
Chapter 8
Page 8-31
Chapter 8
Page 8-32
Chapter 8
Storeyco, Inc.
PO Box 357
East Olympia, WA 98540
360-412-0066 or 800-558-7867
www.storeyco.com
www.certifiedfolder.com
(800) 799-7373
Page 8-33
Page 8-34
Chapter 8
Appendix 8-1
500'
500'
MAX.
500'
(2)
660' MAX.
R/W
R/W
660' MAX.
Page 8-35
Appendix 8-2
The sign faces are not substantially larger or at a substantially higher elevation above the ground line than other
signs along the same unregulated intersecting roadways Y N
The angles of sign faces are generally oriented toward unregulated intersecting roadways rather than interstate
or other regulated state highways Y N
The length of time that the informative contents of signs can be viewed is substantially greater for the travelers
on unregulated intersecting roadways than from interstate or other regulated state highways Y N
The signs are visible to a motorist traveling at the posted speed on the interstate or other regulated state
highway, for a period of time that is less than that required to read the entire sign message Y N
The signs are only incidentally visible from interstate or other regulated state highways Y N
The signs advertise activities accessible from unregulated intersecting roadways along which the signs are
located Y N
Determination
Sign Visible Sign not Visible
Date _________________________________
Reviewer _____________________________
Page 8-36
Appendix 8-3
50 (typical)
Combined
Business
Facility
Figure 8-3.1
(Plan View)
Business Complex
On-Premise Sign
No Size Limit
Individual Business Sign
150 sq ft max
Individual Business Sign
150 sq ft max
Figure 8-3.2
Page 8-37
Appendix 8-4
0 - 2 Miles in Advance
ofOff-Ramp Taper
2 - 5 Miles
R/W
R/W
2 - 5 Miles
More than
5 Miles
1000' Following
On-Ramp Taper
1000 ft
From On-Ramp
Taper
0 Signs
Number and spacing
ofsigns
0 Signs
Maximum of 6 signs
Maximum
of 62signs
Not
more than
signs within any
one mile
from any
Not more
thandistance
2 signs within
any point
onemile distance from any point
1000 Minimum spacing between signs
1000' Minimum spacing between signs
Average - 1 sign per mile
Average
- 1 sign
per mile
1000' Minimum
spacing
between
signs
1000 Minimum
spacing between signs
0 Signs
0 Signs
Note:
Sign spacing includes all sign faces visible
Note:
to traffic approaching from any one direction.
INTERSTATE
INTERSTATE
(Type 4 & 5)
(TYPE 4, 5, or 6)
WAC
REF
468-66-050(5)(d)
WAC. REF.
468-66-080
Page 8-38
Figure 8-4
Appendix 8-5a
1000
MIN
1000 1000
MIN
MIN
R/W
R/W
1000
MIN
- Billboard Sign
NHS NON-INTERSTATE CONTROLLED ACCESS
(Type 4 & 5)
WAC 468-66-050(5)(e)(i)
Page 8-39
Appendix 8-5b
500 MIN
EACH SIDE
OF HIGHWAY
500
MIN.
660
MIN.
100
MIN.
100 100
MIN. MIN.
- BILLBOARD SIGN
R/W
R/W
NHS Non-interstate Noncontrolled Access 3. In areas where one side of a highway is within
corporate limits and the other side of the highway
(Type 4 & 5)
is outside corporate limits, the appropriate sign
WAC. REF. 468-66-050(5)(e) (ii) & (iii)
spacing shown above applies
Page 8-40
Appendix 8-6
Name
Log Number
Address
Date Received
City
State
Phone
Date
Region
Zip Code
Permit Number
Year
10/17/2007
Location of Sign
Inventory Number
SR Milepost
Side of Highway
Sign Facing
Nonconforming
ft.
Direction
Sign Description
Size
ft.
ft.
Rectangular
Square
Octagonal
Round
Total Area
sq. ft.
TriVision
Shape
Other
Limited Access
Application Fee:
$300.00 Per Sign Structure
Make checks or remittance payable to:
Department of Transportation
Mail with proper fee to:
Washington State
Department of Transportation
Outdoor Advertising Control
PO Box 47344
Olympia, WA 98504-7344
I, the undersigned applicant, declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of Washington that the information provided herein,
concerning the location of sign, sign description, and property owner/lessee, is accurate and true. I also acknowledge that any discrepancy in such
information discovered hereafter is cause for the Department of Transportation to revoke this sign permit; and, further declare that, after permit
revocation, I shall remove without compensation any sign erected under such permit.
Place
City
State
Zip Code
I, the undersigned, have consented to the erection and maintenance of the above described outdoor advertising sign on property which
(I own) (I Lease) in conformance with the Washington Outdoor Advertising Control Act of 1961 as amended by the Scenic Vistas Act of
1971 (RCW 47.42) and the Department of Transportation rules and regulations for outdoor advertising control along interstate, primary, and
scenic routes.
Signature
Property Owner
This permit shall not be considered to allow a sign to be erected or maintained that is otherwise prohibited by Statute or by the Resolution or
Ordinance of any county, city or town of the State of Washington. By issuance of this permit the Department of Transportation does not
warrant that this sign is not prohibited by such Statute, Resolution, or ordinance.
Signature of Department of Transportation representative
validates this permit and acknowledges receipt of fee paid.
DOT Form 224-018 EF
Revised 3/04
By
Page 8-41
Appendix 8-7
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
DATE: Date
FROM: HQ Traffic Office
PHONE: 360-705-7296
TO:
Approved: Y N
Reason for disapproval:
Page 8-42
Appendix 8-8a
Interstate Sign
Permit Review Checklist
Checklist for Outdoor Advertising Permits
New Sign on Interstate System
SR
Milepost
Direction of Travel
Sign Type
Date
Proposed Location
Nature of Sign Site:
Scenic Area Y N
Size:
Sign Length (20 max)
Commercial/Industrial Area Y N
Sign Height (20 max)
Spacing:
Distance Between
Interchanges
Number/Spacing of Signs
0-2 miles
No Signs Allowed
Y N
2-5 miles
Max of 6 signs.
Max of 2 within any 1 mile
1000 min between signs
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
Y N
No Signs Allowed
Y N
No Signs Allowed
Y N
Sign Owner/Operator:
Property Owner:
Comments:
Page 8-43
Appendix 8-8b
Milepost
Direction of Travel
Sign Type
Date
Proposed Location
Nature of Sign Site:
Scenic Area Y N
Size:
Sign Length (50 max)
Commercial/Industrial Area Y N
Sign Height (25 max)
Spacing:
A. Inside Corporate Boundaries of City or Town Not Controlled Access
Including this sign, and counting both sides of the roadway, how many sign structures are located
within any platted intersection; or any 660 ft.* section?
(4 max)
Is the proposed sign location at least 100 ft.* from any existing sign? Y N
B. Outside Corporate Boundaries Not Controlled Access
Is the proposed sign location at least 500 ft.* from an existing sign structure? Y N
C. Limited Access Highways
Is the proposed sign location at least 1000 ft.*from any existing sign, or any at grade
intersection? Y N
Is the proposed sign location at least 3000 ft.* from any interchange, safety rest area,
or information center? Y N
Is the sign double-faced? Y N (not allowed on limited access roadways)
Including this sign, and counting both sides of the roadway, how many signs are located within any
1mile* section?
(5 max)
Local Agency Approval Y N
*All distances measured parallel to edge of the highways main traveled way.
Sign Owner/Operator:
Property Owner:
Approve:
Page 8-44
Disapprove:
Comments:
Appendix 8-9
Name
Date Received
Address
Region
City
State
Permit Number
Zip Code
Date
Expiration Date
CS Mile Post
Location of Sign
SR Mile Post
Side of Highway
Sign Facing
Distance
ft.
Sign Description
Size
Shape
ft.
Rectangular
Square
ft.
Octagonal
Round
Total Area
Application Fee:
$50.00 Per Sign Face
Make checks or remittance payable to:
Department of Transportation
See Instructions for correct
mailing address.
sq. ft.
Other
The applicant agrees to remove the sign(s) at the expiration of this temporary permit or cover the sign(s) during the times when no sales occur, and
further agrees to provide and maintain follow-through signing if required by the Department of Transportation. In addition, if the sign(s) remain up in
non-compliance for longer than 10 days after notification to the applicant thereof, the applicant does hereby authorize the Washington State
Department of Transportation and its agents or employees to remove and dispose of such sign(s) and waives all claims for damages against the
Washington State Department of Transportation and its agents or employees for such removal and disposal of each sign(s).
This permission and waiver is granted in order to permit the removal of such sign(s) as required by the Washington Highway Advertising Control Act
of 1961 as amended by the Scenic Vistas Act of 1971 (Chapter 47.42 RCW).
Signature
Sign Owner
Phone
Address
City
State
Zip Code
I, the undersigned, have consented to the erection and maintenance of the above described outdoor advertising sign on property which
(I own) (I Lease) in conformance with the Washington Outdoor Advertising Control Act of 1961 as amended by the Scenic Vistas Act of 1971
(RCW 47.42) and the Department of Transportation rules and regulations for outdoor advertising control along interstate, primary, and scenic
routes.
Signature
Property Owner
This permit shall not be considered to allow a sign to be erected or maintained that is otherwise prohibited by Statute or by the Resolution or
Ordinance of any county, city or town of the State of Washington. By issuance of this permit the Department of Transportation does not warrant that
this sign is not prohibited by such Statute, Resolution, or ordinance.
Signature of Department of Transportation representative
validates this permit and acknowledges receipt of fee paid.
By
Page 8-45
Chapter 8
Instructions: Complete and sign this form and mail with the processing fee to the Department of
Transportation, Send a picture, drawing, or sketch of the temporary sign(s) you desire along with this
application. The Department will have final approval on any design of a temporary sign. Mail this application
to the appropriate Region Administrator. The Region addresses are shown below.
Northwest Region
Region Administrator
15700 Dayton Avenue North
PO Box 330310
Seattle, WA 98133-9710
Olympic Region
Region Administrator
5720 Capitol Blvd. (Tumwater)
PO Box 47440
Olympia, WA 98504-7440
Southwest Region
Region Administrator
11018 NE 51st Circle
PO Box 1709
Vancouver, WA 98682-6682
Eastern Region
Region Administrator
2714 North Mayfair Street
Spokane, WA 99207-2090
Page 8-46
Appendix 8-10a
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
Date
Inside Address
CERTIFIED
Dear Mr. and/or Mrs./Ms.
The Department of Transportation is directed by state law to regulate signs on private
property and visible to certain state highways. The statutes and regulations governing
allowable visible signs are provided in Chapter 47.42 of the Revised Code of Washington
(RCW), the Scenic Vistas Act, and Chapter 468-66 of the Washington Administrative Code
(WAC), respectively.
Accordingly, the department conducts periodic reviews of state highway corridors to fulfill
its statutory obligation. A recent review of SR WX in the vicinity of milepost Y.Z revealed
that an advertising sign, displaying the message type the message here, is maintained on
yourproperty.
Please be advised that the sign is illegal because it cant meet the eligibility requirements for
permittable off-premise signs visible to note highway type, and is thus prohibited by RCW
47.42.030. Insert description of illegal aspects of the sign, e.g., spacing, sign type, sign
size, zoning, etc., and cite all applicable RCWs and WACs. Further, under RCW 47.42.080,
the sign is declared a public nuisance and must be removed within 15 days of the date you
received this letter.
The department desires to provide you with the opportunity to voluntarily remove the sign
without issuing a formal complaint or initiating enforcement action against you. Failure to
remove the sign will cause the department to begin formal abatement procedures through the
Attorney Generals Office.
Please call Mr./ Ms. name of Regional Highway Advertising Control Representative of my
staff, phone (123) 456-7890, should you have any questions or to notify the department that
the sign has been removed.
Sincerely,
Regional Traffic Engineer
cc: Name of Sign Owner
Name of Assistant Attorney General
Name of Headquarters Highway Advertising Control Specialist
Page 8-47
Appendix 8-10b
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
Page 8-48
Appendix 8-11
Page 8-49
Appendix 8-12
Highway Advertising
Control Field Review
Page 8-50
Appendix 8-13
Region
MP
Sign Message
Month/Year Reported
R
L
Reported By
Sign Company
Citizen
DOT Employee
Other (List below)
Name
Address
City/State/Zip
Phone
Name
Address
City/State/Zip
Phone
WA
Response of Action
No Response
Refusal to Remove
Sign Removed
Other (Describe)
Response or Action
No Response
Refusal to Remove
WA
Sign Removed
Other (Describe)
Final Action
No Response
Refusal to Remove
Sign Removed
Other (Describe)
Sign Status
Closed
Date Closed
Open
Referred to AG
Page 8-51
Appendix 8-14
Transportation Building
310 Maple Park Avenue S.E.
P.O. Box 47300
Olympia, WA 98504-7300
360-705-7000
TTY: 1-800-833-6388
www.wsdot.wa.gov
Date
City of
Address
RE: Illegal sign located within the public right of way of SR X within incorporated name of
cityortown.
Dear Mr. or Ms.:
The Washington State Department of Transportation is directed by federal and state law to
regulate signs visible to the state highway system. The Highway Beautification Act, Title 23,
United States Code (USC), Section 131 and the Scenic Vistas Act, RCW 47.42, and WAC
46866 contain these laws. These statutes generally regulate signs placed on private property,
but the Scenic Vistas Act also limits which types of signs may be located within the public right
of way. Only directional or official signs required or sanctioned by law are authorized. Federal
law also specifies that the national standards contained in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control
Devices (MUTCD) apply to all traffic control devices (including signing) on any public street
or highway. Cities and towns are required to follow these standards. All advertising signs are
prohibited in the public right of way.
RCW 47.24, City Streets as Part of State Highways, assigns jurisdiction and control for
city streets that are part of the state highway system. As a highway type, signing along SR X
within city or towns corporate limits and located beyond the curb or main traveled way is the
responsibility of city or town. The department interprets 47.24.020(2) to mean that city or town
is responsible for abating any illegal signs in such locations and is requesting that city or town
remove this illegal sign at its earliest convenience. As an alternative, the department would
be pleased to discuss an inter-local agreement (per RCW 39.34) by which the department can
remove the sign provided that city or town pays the departments costs.
Washington State is subject to a 10 percent reduction in federal highway fund monies if the
department does not pursue the expeditious removal of illegal signs. The sign in question is
clearly in violation of the Highway Beautification Act, the Scenic Vistas Act and the MUTCD
because it is located on the public right of way and is not a type authorized by the MUTCD.
Iam enclosing pictures and maps that identify the sign and its location to assist in sign removal.
Please call WSDOT Contact of my staff at phone/e-mail should you have any questions, or to
notify the department that this sign has been removed.
Thank you for your assistance in this matter.
Sincerely,
Region Traffic Engineer
Enclosures
Page 8-52
Chapter 9
9.1 General
The Safety Management System (SMS) is a systematic process designed
to assist decision makers allocate limited transportation safety resources.
Through SMS, the state defines, prioritizes, and measures the effectiveness
ofsafety efforts.
SMS consists of two key processes. The Collaboration Process provides
statewide organizations with a reference network for sharing various available
safety resources. The Decision-making Process ensures that all needs and
opportunities are given due consideration in all phases of our plans and
programs, and compatibility with the other management systems (Pavement,
Bridge, Congestion, Public Transportation, and Intermodal) is maintained.
Thefive steps of the Decision-making Process are:
Needs Identification
Solution/Resource Development
Investment Prioritization and Implementation
Investment Tracking
Investment Evaluation
As resources allow, within their own existing processes, all jurisdictions
within the state are encouraged to (1)take part in the SMS Collaboration
Process, and (2)implement the SMS Decision-making Process. This occurs
through the appropriate existing partnership and assistance forums for each
jurisdiction. Examples: acity might work with WSDOT TransAid; a county
might work with the County Road Administration Board; or the Department
of Health might work with the Traffic Safety Commission.
There are three main goals of SMS:
1. Prevent and reduce the number and severity of roadway collisions;
2. Ensure that traffic safety will be considered at all phases of roadwayrelated programs;
3. Provide for partnership among citizens, statewide agencies, regional
organizations, and local jurisdictions on traffic safety efforts.
There are also two main coverage elements of the SMS:
1. All public roads within the state.
2. All roadway, traveler, and vehicle safety-related elements.
Page 9-1
Chapter 9
While the SMS covers all public roads, the extent of SMS requirements
(such as data collection, analyses, and standards) vary depending on roadway
functional classification. Also, because each jurisdiction within the state
implements SMS within their own individual processes and programs,
describing each of themwithin this manual is not feasible. As an example,
thefollowing subsections describe WSDOTs implementation ofSMS.
Page 9-2
Chapter 9
Page 9-3
Chapter 9
Page 9-4
Chapter 9
Page 9-5
Chapter 9
9.9 References
Section 1034 (Public Law 102-240) of the 1991 Intermodal Surface
Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) calls for each state to develop six
interrelated transportation management systems and a traffic monitoring
system. By October 1, 1994, the state shall develop a work plan for SMS
which will be fully operational by October1, 1996.
Washington State Law, C 406 L 93, directs that measurable, outcome based
objectives shall be used to track the performance of agencies with traffic
safety responsibilities.
RCW 47.05 requires WSDOT to develop a six year program and financial
plan for highway improvements specifying program objectives. The program
and plan shall be based upon the improvement needs for state highways as
determined by WSDOT.
Under RCW 47.01.250 the State Patrol, Washington Traffic Safety
Commission (WTSC), County Road Administration Board, and the
Department of Licensing shall consult with the Transportation Commission
and WSDOT to ensure that their transportation related responsibilities,
goals, and activities are fully coordinated. Results of this interaction shall be
reported to the Governor and the Legislature.
Among other duties listed in RCW 43.59, the WTSC shall plan and manage
at both the state and local level, safety activities and programs for the
prevention of accidents on roads, streets, and highways. WTSC shall confer
with and advise the political subdivisions and all agencies of Washington
State government whose programs and activities are within the scope of
trafficsafety.
Page 9-6
Chapter 11
11.1 Overview
This chapter describes the guidelines for managing traffic engineering records.
Arecords management system must comply with state and Washington State
Department of Transportation (WSDOT) record-keeping rules, and provide for
record storage in easily accessible locations. Both paper records and electronic
records are equally subject to public record laws and the retention rules
providedby these guidelines.
Public records may not be destroyed until they have been retained for the
minimum time period identified in the retention schedule (seeSection11.4).
Page 11-1
Chapter 11
30 days
6 years
6 years
Project Files1
Public Complaints
3 years
Design Documentation2
Request Legislation and Bill Files
2 years
TRACTS Records
Infinite
Working Files
2 years
1Includes
Critical Accident Location (CAL), Critical Accident Corridor (CAC), and Intersection
Accident Location (IAL) analyses conducted by the Traffic Offices.
2The
After the retention period, the office may choose to consider the records essential
and maintain them in decentralized files rather than archiving.
Page 11-2
Chapter 11
Page 11-3
Chapter 11
Page 11-4
Chapter 11
Page 11-5
Page 11-6
Chapter 11