Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna by Varying Slot Size For UMTS Application

2014 Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies
Performance analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna by

varying slot size for UMTS Application
1
Janabeg Loni, 2Shahanaz Ayub, 3Vinod Kumar Singh

1
M.Tech Scholar, UPTU Lucknow

2
B.I.E.T. Jhansi, U.P. India

S.R.Group of Institution, Jhansi, India
jloni100774@gmail.com, singhvinod34@gmail.com
3
as the thickness and dielectric constant (r) of the substrate

used to separate the patch and the ground plane of the patch,
is determined on the basis of operating frequency of the
patch antenna. If the operating frequency is lowered then the
area of the patch is increased (whenever the substrate is not
changed). The design of Microstrip antenna is vital study for
todays Wireless communication system to achieve higher
radiation pattern, highly directional beam and larger
bandwidth [10]- [17].
In this study, the design and analysis of slotted microstrip
patch antenna is introduced. It is designed on glass epoxy
substrate which is best suitable for UMTS applications.
Abstract- The main focus of this paper is to study the

enhancement in bandwidth by varying the slot size in
microstrip patch antenna. A wide band coaxial probe feed dual
triangle slotted microstrip patch antenna has been simulated
on IE3D software to give a wide bandwidth of 31.34% and
maximum antenna efficiency of about 98%.The characteristics
of proposed microstrip antenna such as efficiency, gain and
directivity has simulated and studied in this paper and the
antenna is designed to operate in the frequency range of 1.8242.502 GHz. Here five different slot sizes are taken and it is
concluded that as we increase the slot size the bandwidth
increases.
Keywords: Coaxial probe, Slotted patch, UMTS, Wideband
MSA.
I.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN

In this paper the basic structure is as shown in fig1 is a
rectangular patch of dimension 27.16 mm x 35.2 mm and
ground plane length and width is 36.76 mm x 44.8 mm and
the rectangular slot of length and width size is 25mm x
3.2mm.The dual triangle slotted microstrip patch antenna is
designed. The operating frequency considered here is 2.6
GHz. The characteristics of proposed antenna such as return
loss (RL), VSWR, and bandwidth (BW) of the proposed
antenna have been investigated. The numerical study has
been done by using Zeland IE3D electromagnetic simulator.
INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antenna is a type of microwave antenna and

attracted widespread interest due to their small section plane,
light weight and low profile. They are simple to manufacture
and are easily integrated with circuits [1]-[2]. It is used for
GPS/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN and WiMax Applications. It
consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric
Substrate and a ground plane on the other side. Radiation
from MSA can occur from the fringing fields between the
periphery of the patch and the ground plane. By increasing
the width W of the patch, substrate thickness and decreasing
the r the fringing fields from the patch can be enhanced
which accounts for radiation.
Therefore unlike the
microwave integrated circuits (MIC) applications MSA uses
microstrip patches with longer width and substrate with
lower r [3]-[4]. The conducting patch and the ground plane
are separated by a low loss dielectric material called a
substrate. The shape of the patch can be arbitrary. It may be
square, rectangular, dipole, circular, elliptical, triangular,
disc sector, circular ring; ring sector. The most popular
shapes however, are the rectangle and circle. A coaxial line
or strip line can be used to carry electromagnetic energy to
the patch. Regardless of which feed line is used, the energy
is first carried to the region under the patch. This region acts
like a resonant cavity with open circuits on all sides. At this
point the energy is either reflected back along the same feed
line or it leaks out and radiates into free space resulting in an
antenna [5]-[8]. The dimensions such as size, shape, as well
978-1-4799-3070-8/14 $31.00 2014 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/CSNT.2014.9
TABLE 1
ANTENNA DESIGN PARAMETERS
Parameter
Value
1.6mm
4.4
Wg
44.8mm
Lg
36.76mm
35.2mm
27.16mm
W1
3.2mm
L1
25.0mm
Fig.3. Efficiency Vs Frequency of proposed microstrip antenna for

optimum bandwidth
Fig.1. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna for optimum bandwidth
The calculations are based on transmission line model. The

width and length of the microstrip patch have been
calculated by using following equations (1)-(4).
c
(1)
W
2 f ( r 1) / 2
The effective length (Leff) of the patch can be calculated with
the help of equations (3) and (4).
eff
r 1 r 1
2
h
1 10 W
1
2
(2)
Fig.4. Directivity Vs Frequency of proposed microstrip antenna for
optimum bandwidth
eff 0 .300 W 0 . 262

l
h
0 . 412
h
eff 0 . 258 W 0 . 813 (3)
h
By using above equations we can find the value of actual

length of the patch as,
L
c
2 f eff
2l
(4)
Fig.5. Gain Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna for optimum

bandwidth
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The proposed antenna has been simulated and optimized by
IE3D software and results are presented. As shown in the
figure 2, the maximum achievable bandwidth is 31.34%
which is better compare to design reported in [5]. Figure 3
shows the simulated total efficiency of the patch antenna.
Fig2. Simulated Return loss Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna

for optimum bandwidth
The figure indicates high antenna efficiency over the

operational frequency and it is around an average of 98%,
which is best suitable for UMTS (1.92 GHz-2.17 GHz)
application. Figure4 and Figure5 shows Directivity & Gain
Vs Frequency plot of proposed microstrip antenna.
IV. BANDWIDTH STUDY OF DESIGNED ANTENNA
FOR DIFFERENT SLOT LENGTHS
Fig 7 shows the design of microstrip patch antenna of
slot length L1 =15.0 mm having return Loss bandwidth of
about 22.10% which is shown in Fig 8. Fig 9 shows the
design of microstrip patch antenna of slot length L1 =18.5
mm having return Loss bandwidth of about 24.16% which is
shown in Fig 10. Fig 11 shows the design of microstrip
patch antenna of slot length L1 =22.0 mm having return Loss
bandwidth of about 25.34% which is shown in Fig 12. Fig
13 shows the design of microstrip patch antenna of slot
length L1 =24.0 mm having return Loss bandwidth of about
28.04% which is shown in Fig 14. Fig 15 shows the design
of microstrip patch antenna of slot length L1 =25.0 mm
having return Loss bandwidth of about 31.34% which is
shown in Fig 16.
Fig.8. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 15.0 mm
TABLE 2
DIFFERENT SLOT LENGTH & ITS BANDWIDTH
Slot
Length(L1)
F1
(GHz)
F2
(GHz)
Bandwidth
%
15.0
1.827
2.281
18.5
1.808
2.305
24.16
22.0
1.823
2.352
25.34
24.0
1.824
2.419
28.04
25.0
1.824
2.502
31.34
22.10
Fig.9. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 18.5 mm
Fig10. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 18.5 mm
Fig.14. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot lengthL1= 24.0 mm
Fig.12. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot lengthL1= 22.0 mm
Fig.16. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 25.0 mm
[13] S. Hong, W. Kim, H. Park, S. Kahng and J. Choi, Design

of an internal multiresonant monopole antenna for
GSM900/DCS1800/USPCS/ S-DMB operation, IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propag. vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 14371443, May 2008.
[14] Vinod Kumar Singh , Zakir Ali, Shahanaz Ayub, Ashutosh
Kumar Singh, A wide band Compact Microstrip Antenna for
GPS/DCS/PCS/WLAN Applications, a book chapter in the
book entitled
Intelligent Computing, Networking, and
Informatics, (Book ISBN: 978-81-322-1664-3) Chapter 113,
pp: 183204 in Springer.
[15] Avisankar Roy and Sunandan Bhunia, Compact Broad Band
Dual Frequency Slot Loaded Microslot Patch antenna with
Defecting Ground Plane for WI-MAX and WLAN, IJSCE,
ISSN: 2231-2307, Vol.1, Issue-6, January -2012.
[16] Saurabh Jain, Vinod Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub, Bandwidth
and Gain Optimization of a Wide Band Gap Coupled Patch
Antenna, IJESRT, ISSN: 2277-9655, March 2013.
[17] Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, A. K. Singh, Shahanaz Ayub
Dual band triangular slotted stacked microstrip antenna for
wireless applications Central European Journal of Engineering
(CEJE), Springer ISSN: 1896 1541Volume 3, Issue 2, pp 221225 June, 2013.
IV. CONCLUSION
With the detailed study of microstrip patch antenna with
varying slot size shows that though the complexity increases
in designing it offers enhancement in bandwidth with
increasing slot size (as shown in table2).This can be further
analyse with neural network studies which is in progress. A
wide band coaxial probe feed microstrip antenna has
simulated
and
designed
on
substrate
of
glass epoxy (dielectric constant 4.4) to give a optimum wide
bandwidth 31.34% and maximum antenna efficiency of
about 98% and the antenna is design to operate in the
frequency range of 1.824-2.502 GHz Which is best suitable
for UMTS application.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip antennas

Artech House 2003
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997
Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Ashutosh Kumar Singh,
Shahanaz Ayub Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for
UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX
Applications
IEEE
Proc.Communication Systems and Network Technologies
(CSNT-2013), Print ISBN: 978-0-7695-4958-3/13, pp- 47 50,
April-2013, Gwalior, India.
Zakir Ali, Vinod K. Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, and
Shahanaz Ayub Wide Band Inset Feed Microstrip Patch
Antenna for Mobile Communication IEEE Publication, Proc.
Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT2013), Print ISBN: 978-0-7695-4958-3/13, pp- 51 54, April2013, Gwalior, India.
C.R.BYRAREDDY, N.C.EASWAR REDDY, C.S.SRIDHAR,
Compact Triple Band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna For
WLAN/WiMax Applications Journal of Theoretical and
Applied Information Technology, Vol. 32 No.2October 2011
Vinod K. Singh, Zakir Ali, Design and Comparison of a
Rectangular-Slot-Loaded and C-Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch
Antenna, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science
and Network Security, vol.10 No.4, April 2010
Xingu Zhang and Anping Zhao ,Enhanced bandwidth PIFA
antenna with slot on the ground plane PIERS Proceedings,
Beijing, China, March 23-27, 2009
Vinod Kumar Singh, Ratnesh Tiwari, Zakir Ali, Archna Lala,
Dual Band Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for PCS/WLAN
Application International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 3, Issue 8,
pp 493-496 August 2013.

C. Lin and K. L. Wong, Internal hybrid antenna for
multiband operation in the mobile phone, Microw. Opt.
Tech. Letter, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 3842, Jan. 2008.
[10] Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Shahanaz Ayub, Ashutosh
Kumar Singh, Dual Band Microstrip Antenna Design Using
Artificial Neural Networks International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering
(IJARCSSE) pp-74-79 (ISSN: 2277 128X) Volume 3, Issue 1,
January 2013.
[11] J A Ansari, Satya Kesh Dubey and Prabhakar Singh, R. U.
Khan, Babau R. Vishvakarma Analysis of U-slot loaded
patch for dual band operation, International Journal of
Microwave and
Optical Technology ,Vol. 3, No. 2, April
2008.
[12] Stuti Srivastava, Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Ashutosh
Kumar Singh,Duo Triangle Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna
Analysis for WiMAX lower band Application Procedia
Technology Elsevier 10 pp-554 563, 2013
[9]

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2014 Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies

Performance analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna by

Janabeg Loni, 2Shahanaz Ayub, 3Vinod Kumar Singh

M.Tech Scholar, UPTU Lucknow

B.I.E.T. Jhansi, U.P. India

as the thickness and dielectric constant (r) of the substrate

Abstract- The main focus of this paper is to study the

II. ANTENNA DESIGN

Microstrip patch antenna is a type of microwave antenna and

Fig.3. Efficiency Vs Frequency of proposed microstrip antenna for

Fig.1. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna for optimum bandwidth

The calculations are based on transmission line model. The

eff 0 .300 W 0 . 262

By using above equations we can find the value of actual

Fig.5. Gain Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna for optimum

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig2. Simulated Return loss Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna

The figure indicates high antenna efficiency over the

Fig.8. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 15.0 mm

Fig.9. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 18.5 mm

Fig10. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 18.5 mm

Fig.7. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 15.0 mm

Fig.14. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot lengthL1= 24.0 mm

Fig.11. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 22.0 mm

Fig.12. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot lengthL1= 22.0 mm

Fig.15. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 25.0 mm

Fig.16. Bandwidth corresponds to Slot length L1= 25.0 mm

Fig.13. Design corresponds to Slot length L1= 24.0 mm

[13] S. Hong, W. Kim, H. Park, S. Kahng and J. Choi, Design

Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip antennas

pp 493-496 August 2013.

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