IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.

www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP

PATCH ANTENNA FOR C-BAND APPLICATIONS
STUDENT, SUKHMANDEEP SINGH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
PUNJAB, INDIA

Abstract achieved. Broadband devices are mainly operated in our

This paper represents a compact sized rectangular daily lives such like mobile phone, radio, laptop with
microstrip patch antenna for C (4.2-6GHz) band wireless connection and MSP antennas play a significant
applications. This is a dual band patch antenna which task of these devices. The most important drawbacks of
operates at uplink frequency (6GHz) and downlink MSP antennas in basic form are constricted bandwidth and
frequency (4.2 GHz) of C-Band. The antenna design low gain. Then many techniques are used to boost
consists of a rectangular patch having U-slot. The Patch bandwidth and gain of MSP antennas. By using thick
antenna has overall size of 17mm× 23mm. This antenna is substrate with low dielectic constant and compact slotted
designed on low cost FR-4 substrate (Dielectric constant = patch can augment the bandwidth and gain of antennas.
4.3) of thickness h = 1.5 mm.Microstrip patch antenna is The MSP antenna have some excellent features such as
excited using line feed technique. The proposed structures low cost, low profile, light weight, high efficiency, simply
were simulated by using the CST microwave simulation manufacture and easy to implement with circuits .The
software. This proposed antenna is appropriate for the design formation components of antenna become
applications of satellite communication systems. miniature in size and have low dispensation cost.[9]-[12]

Keywords: Microstrip Patch antenna, U-shaped Slot, C- 2. FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS TO

Band, CST Software, FR-4 Substrate DESIGN AN MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA
1. INTRODUCTION The three essential parameters for the design of a
In present era, the implication in the structure and rectangular microstrip patch antenna are:
escalating the compressed, cheap antennas are stimulated
by fast inventions of diverse communication services and i. Frequency of operation ( ): The resonant
other wireless services. [2]Hence, condensed microstrip frequency of the antenna must be selected
slot antennas have found improved convention in wireless appropriately. The resonant frequency selected for
applications specifically in C band wireless frequency design is at C band that is at 4 GHz and 6 GHz.
range. Several researchers have focused on improving a
variety of antenna considerations such as impedance ii. Dielectric constant of the substrate ( ): The
improvement and size reduction of microstrip antennas. dielectric material selected for the design is FR4-
To design procedures that have been deliberated for planar epoxy which has a dielectric constant of 4.3. A
antennas embrace the use of a thick substrates, parasitic substrate with a high dielectric constant reduces the
patches, E-slot patch, H-shaped patch, U-shaped slot dimensions of the antenna.
patch, T-shaped parasitic strip and several methods for
reducing the size (compact) of the microstrip antenna have iii. Height of dielectric substrate (h): For the microstrip
already been studied . [3]-[8] It is known that, the resonant patch antenna it is essential that the antenna is not
frequency of a patch antenna is inversely proportional to bulky. Hence, the height of the dielectric substrate is
dielectric constant. It is also possible to reduce the selected as 1.574mm.[1]
resonant frequency by using a substrate with high
dielectric constant .The rectangular U-slot patch antenna 3. GEOMETRICAL DESIGN OF ANTENNA
with a line feed had been studied practically. By cutting a
square slot at the centre of a rectangular microstrip patch, The conservative rectangular microstrip patch antenna
both compactness and dual frequency operation can be (RMPA) is contrived using a commercially available low

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968
cost glass epoxy substrate material of thickness h = 0.15
cm with relative permittivity ԑr =4.3. This antenna is
designed by user friendly and the most efficient CST
Microwave Studio 2010 software. First, by using some
mathematical equations and three essential parameters,
length and width of the patch, substrate and ground were
calculated. Table I shows the geometrical dimensions of
the designed rectangular patch antenna at C-band
(4.2GHz-6GHz).Figure1shows the side view geometry of
RMPA.The RMPA geometry includes the U shaped
radiating element. This antenna is powered through a
simple 50 Ohms microstrip line feed. Impedance
matching is done by doing optimization of line feed.

Table I: Geometrical Dimensions for Antenna Design

Sr. Antenna Dimensions Values

No.

1. Substrate Length (Ls) 26.4mm

Fig 2: Geometrical Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch
2. Substrate Width(Ws) 32.44mm Antenna
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3. Substrate Thickness 1.5 mm Figure 3 and 4 show the simulated results of the proposed
antenna. The antenna has been simulated using CST
4. Patch Length (L) 16.6mm Microwave Studio 2010 software. Graph between Return
losses and frequency is obtained. As shown in below
5. Patch Width(W) 22.64mm
figures propose antenna operates at two operating
6. Dielectric Constant 4.3 frequencies which is the range of C-band. One is at 4.2
GHz which is the downlink frequency of C-band and
7. 4.2 Ghz,6Ghz another one is 6 GHz that is defined for the uplink
,
frequency of C-band.
8. Slot Length 8.3mm

9. Slot Width 5mm

Fig 1: Side View of Patch Antenna

Fig 3: Return Loss for Downlink Frequency

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968

Fig 6:Directivity/Gain Plot for Downlink Frequency

.
Fig 4: Return Loss for uplink frequency
Figure 5 and 6 show the radiation pattern with gain values
of the proposed antenna at uplink and downlink
frequencies.In this case,bandwidth values are obtained
between the points where -10 dB line cuts the curve
between return loss and frequency.Figure 7 and 8 show
the smith chart for 4.2 GHz and 6GHz frequency.These
figures reveal that designed microstrip patch antenna is
perfectly matched at 50 Ohms without using any external
source for impedance matching.Table II shows the
summary of all the resultant values obtained after
following an optimization and simulation process.

Fig:7 Smith Chart for Uplink Frequency

Fig 5: Directivity/Gain Plot for Uplink Frequency Fig:8 Smith Chart for Downlink Frequency

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 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 – 7968

SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Substrate”, Microwave and Optical Technology

Letters Volume 56, Issue 7, pages 1540–1543, July 2014
Table II: Optimized Values for C-Band [5] M. T. Islam and M. Samsuzzaman “Miniaturized Dual
Band Multislotted Patch Antenna on
Sr. Band C-4GHz C-6 GHz Polyetrafluroethylene Glass Microfiber Reinforced for
No. C/X Band Applications” jan 2014
1. Resonant 4.2 GHz 6 GHz [6] C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, Senior Member, IEEE, K. F. Lee,
Frequency Fellow, IEEE, and Y. L. Chow “Experimental Study of a
2. Bandwidth 105 MHz 68 MHz Microstrip Patch Antenna with an L-Shaped Probe”,18
march 2014.
3. Bandwidth % 10.5 % 6.8 % [7] Ms. Monika Nandal1, Er. Sagar2 and Dr. Rajesh Goel “A
New Approach to Optimal Design of T-shaped Tri-Band
4. Gain 6.2 dBi 4.8 dBi
Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless System
5. Impedance 50 Ohm 50 Ohm Applications”, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014.
[8] Dheeraj Bhardwaj1, Rakshit Jain2, Vijay Sharma3
6. Return Loss -14 dB -13 dB and Komal Sharma“Broadband Gap-Coupled
Assemblyof Patches Forming Elliptical Microstrip
Patch Antenna for C-Band Applications”Volume
2,Issue 5,May
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
[9] Rida El Messari1, José Carlos Reyes Guerrero2, Otman El
A rectangular patch antenna by is designed and simulated
Mrabet3,Abdellatif Medouri1 and Luis Antonio
using CST software. The designed antenna is incredibly
Mariscal Rico2 “Broadband Circular microstrip patch
effortless in appearance and diminutive in volume
antenna for WiMAX marine application, volume 44,feb
covering the C band(4 Ghz-6Ghz) on a glass epoxy FR-4
2014”.
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3 with thickness 1.5
[10] Arvind Yadav1,Kuldip Pahwa2 International Journal of
mm.This antenna can be used for satellite applications in
Research in Information Technology (IJRIT) CPW – FED
C band. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the antenna
“Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ultra Wideband
has 50 ohms impedance and resonating at both uplink(6
Applications in S Band, C Band and X Band”, Volume 2,
Ghz) and downlink (4.2 Ghz) frequencies with return loss
Issue 4, April 2014.
of -14dB and -13 dB respectively .The antenna
[11] Noel Rozario, Harry F. Lenzing, Fellow, IEEE, Kevin F.
performance considerations such as return loss, VSWR,
Reardon, Michael S. Zarro, and Christopher G. Baran
impedance bandwidth, gain have been calculated.
“Investigation of Telstar 4 Spacecraft Ku-Band and C-
Simulated results illustrate that the proposed antenna
Band Antenna Components for Multipactor
could be a superior candidate for C band applications.
Breakdown,Volume 42 Apr 1994”.
Future work involves the improvement procedures for the
[12] S.1 , Syed Younus2 , A. N. Shivaram3 1, 2 Center for
bandwidth of such antennas. Designs using diverse
Emerging Technologies, Jain University,Bangalore, India
substrate and structure can be taken into deliberation for
3 Scientist, LRDE, DRDO, Bangalore, India “Probe Fed
the future research. Different patches, dimensions and
Patch Antenna Array Using Rohacell Dielectric Material
feeding techniques may also influence the performance of
Suma, Volume 3 Issue 8, August 2014”
the antenna.

REFRENCES
[1] C. A. Balanis, “AntennaTheory” JohnWiley & Sons,
3rd edition, 2005 chp-4 pp.722-784
[2] S.K. Padhi, N.C. Karmakar, Sr. C. L. Law, and S. Aditya,
Sr IEEE “Transaction On Antennas and
Propagation”VOL. 51, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2003.
[3] Puran Gour1 and Ravi Shankar Mishra2 “Bandwidth
Enhancement of a Backfire Microstrip Patch Antenna for
Pervasive Communication, May 2014”.
[4] M. R. Ahsan,1 M. T. Islam,1 M. Habib Ullah,1,2 W. N. L.
Mahadi,2 and T. A. Latef“Compact Double-P Slotted
Inset-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna on High Dielectric

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