Designation: A 314 97 (Reapproved 2002)

Standard Specification for

Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 314; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

3.1.10 Exceptions to the specification or special requirements.

3.2 If possible, the intended use of the item should be given
on the purchase order especially when the item is ordered for
a specific end use or uses.

1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars
intended only for forging.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets and Forgings2
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products3
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4
2.2 Other Document:
SAE J1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals
and Alloys5

NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb, Type

420, annealed, round-cornered square billets, ASTM A 314 dated
for valve parts.

4. Manufacture
4.1 Annealing
4.1.1 Blooms and billets of the 400 series of stainless steel
types which are highly hardenable, such as Types 414, 420,
431, 440A, 440B, and 440C, are commonly annealed prior to
shipment and so specified in order to avoid the possibility of
thermal cracking. Those grades are not normally furnished in
the as-rolled or as-forged condition. Other hardenable grades,
such as Types 403, 410, 416, and 416 Se, which may also
require annealing, depending on their composition and size, are
furnished suitable for cold cutting when so specified on the
purchase order.
4.2 Conditioning
4.2.1 Material may be conditioned by chipping or grinding
to remove injurious surface defects provided the depth of
conditioning does not exceed that which will affect the surface
condition or dimensions of the article to be forged from the bar
or billet.

3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements may include but are not
limited to the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.2 Name of material: type or UNS designation (Table 1),
3.1.3 Condition,
3.1.4 Cross section (round, round-cornered square, etc.),
3.1.5 Form: bar or forging billet,
3.1.6 Applicable dimensions, including size, thickness,
width, and length,
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue,
3.1.8 Preparation for delivery (see Specification A 484/
A 484M),
3.1.9 Marking (see Specification A 484/A 484M), and

5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical composition
prescribed in Table 1 for the respective grades.
5.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat Stainless Steel Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published September 1998. Originally
published as A 314 47 T. Last previous edition A 314 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096.

6. Dimensions
6.1 Billets and bars shall conform to the shape and dimensions specified by the purchaser within a permissible variation
of 65 %.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

A 314 97 (2002)
7. General Requirements
7.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
requirements of the current edition of Specification A 484/
A 484M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
requirements of Specification A 484/A 484M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.

8. Keywords
8.1 austenitic stainless steel; austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel; ferritic stainless steel; martensitic stainless steel;
stainless steel bars; stainless steel billets

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

Chemical Composition, %B

UNS
DesignationA

Type
Number

Carbon

Manganese,

Phosphorus,

Sulfur,

S20161
S20200
S20910

...
202
XM-19

0.15
0.15
0.06

4.006.00
7.5010.00
4.006.00

0.040
0.060
0.040

0.040
0.030
0.030

S21800
S21900
S21904
S24000
S24100
S28200
S30200
S30215
S30300
S30323
S30400
S30403
S30500
S30800
S30900
S30908
S30940
S31000
S31008
S31400
S31600
S31603
S31635

...
XM-10
XM-11
XM-29
XM-28
...
302
302B
303
303Se
304
304L
305
308
309
309S
309Cb
310
310S
314
316
316L
316Ti

0.10
0.08
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.08
0.030
0.12
0.08
0.20
0.08
0.08
0.25
0.08
0.25
0.08
0.030
0.08

7.009.00
8.0010.00
8.0010.00
11.5014.50
11.0014.00
17.0019.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00

0.060
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.20
0.20
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045

S31640

316Cb

0.08

2.00

S31700
S32100
S33228

317
321
...

0.08
0.08
0.040.08

S34700

347

S34800

Chromium

Nickel

Molybdenum

3.004.00
1.00
1.00

15.0018.00
17.0019.00
20.5023.50

4.006.00
4.006.00
11.5013.50

...
...
1.503.00

0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030

3.504.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.003.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
1.503.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

16.0018.00
19.0021.50
19.0021.50
17.0019.00
16.5019.00
17.0019.00
17.0019.00
17.0019.00
17.0019.00
17.0019.00
18.0020.00
18.0020.00
17.0019.00
19.0021.00
22.0024.00
22.0024.00
22.0024.00
24.0026.00
24.0026.00
23.0026.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00

8.009.00
5.507.50
5.507.50
2.253.75
0.502.25
...
8.0010.00
8.0010.00
8.0010.00
8.0010.00
8.0010.50
8.0012.00
10.5013.00
10.0012.00
12.0015.00
12.0015. . .
12.0016.00
19.0022.00
19.0022.00
19.0022.00
10.0014.00
10.0014.00
10.0014.00

...
...
...
...
...
0.751.25
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2.003.00
2.003.00
2.003.00

0.045

0.030

1.00

16.0018.00

10.0014.00

2.003.00

2.00
2.00
1.00

0.045
0.045
0.020

0.030
0.030
0.015

1.00
1.00
0.030

18.0020.00
17.0019.00
26.0028.00

11.0015.00
9.0012.00
31.0033.00

3.004.00
...
...

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.00

17.0019.00

9.0013.00

...

348

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.00

17.0019.00

9.0013.00

...

S38031
S38926

...
...

0.015
0.020

2.0
2.00

0.020
0.03

0.010
0.01

0.3
0.5

26.028.0
19.0021.00

30.032.0
24.0026.00

6.07.0
6.07.0

S32760C

...

0.030

1.00

0.030

0.010

S32950

...

0.03

2.00

0.035

0.010

Silicon,

Nitrogen

Other
Elements

Austenitic Grades
0.080.20
...
0.25
...
0.200.40 Cb 0.100.30
V 0.100.30
0.080.18
...
0.150.40
...
0.150.40
...
0.200.40
...
0.200.45
...
0.400.60
...
0.10
...
...
...
...
...
...
Se 0.15 min
0.10
...
0.10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Cb + Ta 10 3 C
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.10
...
0.10
...
...
Ti 5 3 (C+N)
min; 0.70
...
Cb + Ta 10 3
C min; 1.10
0.10
...
Ti 5 3 C min
...
Cb 0.61.0
Ce 0.050.10
Al 0.025
...
Cb + Ta 10 3 C
min
...
Cb + Ta 10 3 C
min; Ta 0.10
0.150.25 Cu 1.01.5
0.150.25 Cu 0.51.5

Austenitic-Ferritic Grades
1.00

24.0026.00

6.008.00 3.004.00

0.200.30

0.60

26.0029.00

3.505.20 1.002.50

0.150.35

Cu 0.501.00
W 0.501.00
...

Ferritic Grades
S42900
S43000
S43020
S43023
S44600
S44625

429
430
430F
430F Se
446
XM-27E

0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.20
0.010

1.00
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.50
0.40

0.040
0.040
0.06
0.06
0.040
0.020

0.030
0.030
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
0.020

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.40

14.0016.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00
23.0027.00
25.0027.50

...
...
...
...
...
0.50

...
...
0.60D
...
...
0.751.50

...
...
...
...
0.25
0.015

...
...
...
Se 0.15 min
...
...

A 314 97 (2002)
TABLE 1 Continued
Chemical Composition, %B

UNS
DesignationA

Type
Number

Carbon

Manganese,

Phosphorus,

Sulfur,

S40300
S41000
S41400
S41425
S41600
S41623
S42000
S42010
S43100
S44002
S44003
S44004
S50100
S50200

403
410
414
...
416
416Se
420
...
431
440A
440B
440C
501
502

0.15
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.15
0.15
0.15 min
0.150.30
0.20
0.600.75
0.750.95
0.951.20
0.10 min
0.10

1.00
1.00
1.00
0.501.00
1.25
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

0.040
0.040
0.040
0.020
0.06
0.06
0.040
0.04
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040

0.030
0.030
0.030
0.005
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
0.03
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030

Silicon,

Chromium

Nickel

Molybdenum

Other
Elements

Nitrogen

Martensitic Grades
0.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

11.5013.00
11.5013.50
11.5013.50
12.015.0
12.0014.00
12.0014.00
12.0014.00
13.5015.00
15.0017.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00
16.0018.00
4.006.00
4.006.00

...
...
1.252.50
4.07.0
...
...
...
0.350.85
1.252.50
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
1.502.00
0.60D
...
...
0.400.85
...
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.400.65
0.400.65

...
...
...
0.060.12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
Cu 0.30
...
Se 0.15 min
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086.
Maximum unless otherwise indicated.
C
% Cr + 3.3 3 % Mo + 16 3 % N $ 40.
D
At the option of the manufacturer.
E
Nickel plus copper combined; 0.50 max. Product analysis tolerance over the maximum limit for carbon and nitrogen to be 0.002 %.
B

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).