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Literature Review

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Being successful and get good grades in all subjects have always been a concern
to many students. Generally, people believe that students, who excel in high
school, will also excel in college or universities. However, how true is this to all.
According to Enns et al.(2001), high school students who were once thought to
be the best among the best based on high school academic result, were found
to be average or at risk students at the university. Every semester, there are few
of them who show a drop in academic performance and obtain a grade point
average of less than 2.00, being placed under probation or terminated by the
university due to academic difficulties. Aluja & Blanch (2004) suggested that
students who obtained low academic result do not mean that they are not smart
enough or have low academic ability. Students who are having difficulties in
academic may face problems due to factors such as time management and the
ability to cope at the university. At university, most of the time, students are
supposed to be very independent. Unlike high school time where almost
everything are prepared by either teachers or parents. In college or universities,
most students are having culture shock and not able to handle and manage the
time properly. There are many factors that lead students to failure in time
management:
Procrastination
In college, it is most likely that everything is the students responsibility. Having
so much distractions like social media, internet, video games, friends around and
many more have led students to procrastinate many important things especially
studying and completing their assignment on time. Procrastination means to put
off doing something, especially out of habitual laziness, is a result of a cultivated
habit, and it impacts everyone (Faisal Z. Miqdadi, et al., 2014). Most students
who stay in dorms will be distracted with all sorts of entertainment and peer
pressure that will eventually lead them to delay their assignments. To make it
worst, those who rent a house with friends will be more relaxed since they will
have plenty of time outside of the college area. They can do whatever they want
without being controlled by anyone else.
Moreover, many students said that they like to finish their assignments on the
last minute because the time pressure will help them to develop ideas better.
The question is, does it work for everyone? A lot of students will take plenty of
time thinking about the topic of their assignments. Thus, if they decided to do
the assignment on the last minute, they will be facing trouble in completing it
properly. Plus, weaker students might need extra time to do some extra research.
Furthermore, when he keeps delaying his work, stress will rise up and more
pressure will be on the student, which will lead him to late submission and his
grades will decrease (Faisal Z. Miqdadi, et al., 2014).

Poor time management

Poor time management behaviors such as improper allocation of time or last


minute preparation for examinations, have been frequently been discussed as
one of the prime source of poor academic performance (Gall, 1988; Longman &
Atkinson, 1988). It is quite a common practice that students become overcome
with feelings that there is not sufficient time to perform their all tasks
adequately. It is mostly because of inefficiency in time management.

Lack of external motivation

Aluja, A.& Blanch, A. (2004). Socialized personality, scholastic aptitudes, study habits, and academic
achievements: Exploring the link. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 20(X): 1-9.
Enns, M.W. et al. (2001). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in medical students: A longitudinal
investigation. Medical Education., 35: 1034-1042.

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