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    Result and Discussion of Bernoulli Theorem Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Alimah Azeli
    The document summarizes an experiment to determine fluid velocity using Bernoulli's theorem and the continuity equation. Flow rates of 10L/0.7665min, 10L/0.6107min, and 10L/0.4628min were used. Velocities calculated from Bernoulli's equation were higher than from the continuity equation, supporting the hypothesis. Possible errors include air bubbles and parallax errors during manometer readings. Results are displayed in tables of manometer readings versus velocities for each flow rate, showing higher readings correlated with higher velocities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Result and Discussion of Bernoulli Theorem Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Alimah Azeli
    1K views10 pages
    The document summarizes an experiment to determine fluid velocity using Bernoulli's theorem and the continuity equation. Flow rates of 10L/0.7665min, 10L/0.6107min, and 10L/0.4628min were used. Velocities calculated from Bernoulli's equation were higher than from the continuity equation, supporting the hypothesis. Possible errors include air bubbles and parallax errors during manometer readings. Results are displayed in tables of manometer readings versus velocities for each flow rate, showing higher readings correlated with higher velocities.

    Original Description:

    fluid mechanics

    Original Title

    Result and Discussion of Bernoulli Theorem fluid mechanics

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    The document summarizes an experiment to determine fluid velocity using Bernoulli's theorem and the continuity equation. Flow rates of 10L/0.7665min, 10L/0.6107min, and 10L/0.4628min were used. Velocities calculated from Bernoulli's equation were higher than from the continuity equation, supporting the hypothesis. Possible errors include air bubbles and parallax errors during manometer readings. Results are displayed in tables of manometer readings versus velocities for each flow rate, showing higher readings correlated with higher velocities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views10 pages

    Result and Discussion of Bernoulli Theorem Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Alimah Azeli
    The document summarizes an experiment to determine fluid velocity using Bernoulli's theorem and the continuity equation. Flow rates of 10L/0.7665min, 10L/0.6107min, and 10L/0.4628min were used. Velocities calculated from Bernoulli's equation were higher than from the continuity equation, supporting the hypothesis. Possible errors include air bubbles and parallax errors during manometer readings. Results are displayed in tables of manometer readings versus velocities for each flow rate, showing higher readings correlated with higher velocities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 10

    Results

    Flowrate (Q) = 10L / 0.7665min = 2.175 x 104m/s


    Cross
    section
    I

    Using Bernoulli equation


    h* = h8

    hi

    Vib =
    2 x g x (h hi)

    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F

    mm
    217.0
    215.0
    213.0
    210.0
    208.0
    206.0

    mm
    209.0
    195.0
    142.0
    178.0
    183.0
    190.0

    m/s
    0.396
    0.626
    1.180
    0.792
    0.700
    0.560

    Using continuity
    equation
    Ai =
    Vic=
    Di/4
    Q/Ai
    mm2
    530.93
    366.44
    201.06
    314.16
    380.13
    530.93

    m/s
    0.409
    0.594
    1.081
    0.692
    0.572
    0.409

    Difference
    (Vib - Vic)/
    Vic
    %
    -0.032
    0.052
    0.093
    0.145
    0.224
    0.369

    Flowrate (Q) = 10L / 0.6107min = 2.729 x 10 4m/s


    Cross
    section
    I

    Using Bernoulli equation


    h* = h8

    hi

    Vib =
    2 x g x (h hi)

    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F

    mm
    246.0
    242.0
    240.0
    233.0
    232.0
    230.0

    mm
    230.0
    209.0
    119.0
    181.0
    191.0
    201.0

    m/s
    0.560
    0.805
    1.541
    1.010
    0.897
    0.754

    Using continuity
    equation
    Ai =
    Vic=
    Di/4
    Q/Ai
    mm2
    530.93
    366.44
    201.06
    314.16
    380.13
    530.93

    m/s
    0.514
    0.745
    1.357
    0.869
    0.718
    0.514

    Difference
    (Vib - Vic)/
    Vic
    %
    0.089
    0.081
    0.133
    0.162
    0.249
    0.467

    Flow rate (Q) = 10L/0.4628min = 3.601 x 10 4m/s


    Cross
    section
    I

    Using Bernoulli equation


    h* = h8

    hi

    Vib =
    2 x g x (h hi)

    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F

    Mm
    285.0
    284.0
    279.0
    278.0
    278.0
    268.0

    mm
    260.0
    229.0
    85.0
    184.0
    203.0
    222.0

    m/s
    0.700
    1.039
    1.950
    1.358
    1.213
    0.950

    Using continuity
    equation
    Ai =
    Vic=
    Di/4
    Q/Ai
    mm2
    530.93
    366.44
    201.06
    314.16
    380.13
    530.93

    m/s
    0.678
    0.983
    1.791
    1.146
    0.947
    0.678

    Where:
    Cross section

    Distance (mm)

    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F

    60.0
    83.0
    105.0
    148.6
    166.4
    215.0

    Diameter of cross
    section (mm)
    26.0
    21.6
    16.0
    20.0
    22.0
    26.0

    *The distance is from the beginning tip to the respective tapings

    Difference
    (Vib - Vic)/
    Vic
    %
    0.032
    0.056
    0.089
    0.185
    0.280
    0.401

    Discussion
    Based on the experiment, the results achieve the objective. The objective of doing this
    experiment is to determine the fluid velocity using the Bernoullis theorem and the continuity
    equations. When the inlet flow control valve open from the small and repeated from step 1-12 for
    another two different flowrate and it obtain the flowrate of the first trial is 10L / 0.7665min,
    second trial 10L / 0.6107min and the last trial is 10L / 0.4628min.it was calculated below
    Calculation for flowrate (Q)
    Convert:

    = 45.99sec 1min / 60sec

    Flowrate

    = 10L / 0.7665min

    This experiment was repeated about three times to get accurate results. After get the
    flowrate, the Bernoullis equation and Continuitys equation was used as a method to fine the
    velocity that can give two different readings. As a results the velocity that shows the highest
    velocity is the faster flowrate 10L / 0.7665min that velocity for Bernoulli equation are A=0.396,
    B=0.626, C=1.180, D=0.792, E=0.700, F=0.560 and for continuity equation the velocity are
    A=0.409, B=0.594, C=1.081, D=0.692, E=0.572 F= 0.409 while the slowest flowrate 10L /
    0.4628min give the lowest velocity which for Bernoulli equation are A=0.700, B=1.039,
    C=1.950, D=1.358, E=1.213, F=0.950 and for Continuity equation the velocity are A=0.678,
    B=0.983, C=1.791, D=1.146, E=0.947 F= 0.678 . It calculated by below
    Bernoullis equation:
    ViB = 2 x g x (h hi)
    Where:
    Gravity, g = 9.81 m/s2
    hi = the total head
    h = pressure head
    ViB = 2 x 9.81m/s2 x (21 20cm)
    =0.396

    Continuitys equation:
    Vic= Q/Ai
    Where:
    Q = flow rate average
    Ai = area of cross section
    Vic= Q/Ai
    = 2.175 10-4 m3 /s
    (530.93 10-3)-2
    = 2.175 10-4 m3 /s
    (530.93 10-6)
    = 0.409 m/s
    Difference
    (Vib-Vic)/ Viv
    Where:
    Vic = continuitys equation
    Vib = Bernoullis equation
    = (0.396 0.409) / 0.409
    = -0.032
    From the result of experiment, we know that we can calculate velocity by using
    Bernoullis equation and continuity equation. We can see the velocity is relaying on the flowrate.
    That mean, high flowrate can give high velocity. After we calculate the velocity using Bernoullis
    equation and continuity equation there have a big difference of readings. So, the hypothesis was
    correct proven that using Bernoullis equation is better than continuity equation because the
    result given by Bernoullis equation is smaller than continuity equation.
    There are several possibilities why the result does not perfect that must be avoided during
    the experiment. Firstly, the air bubbles still in the manometers. It can disturb the result obtained,
    as the result is inaccurate. Besides, the parallax error is the one of the fact why the result is
    inaccurate. It happens when process of manometer reading that the reading was taken incorrect
    way, when the meniscus of fluid was not stabilized yet or still moving.

    Table 1: Manometer Reading Vs Velocity

    MANOMETER READING
    (H)
    217
    215
    213
    210
    208
    206

    VELOCITY
    (M/S)
    0.36
    0.626
    1.18
    0.792
    0.7
    0.56

    Manometer reading (H) vs Velocity (m/s)


    290
    285
    280
    275
    Manometer Reading (H) (mm)

    Manometer Reading (H)


    270
    265
    260
    255
    0.70000000000000018
    Velocity (m/s)

    Table 2: Manometer Reading Vs Velocity

    MANOMETER READING
    (H)
    246
    242
    240
    233
    232
    230

    VELOCITY
    (M/S)
    0.56
    0.85
    1.541
    1.01
    0.897
    0.754

    MANOMETER READING (H) vs VELOCITY (M/S)


    290
    285
    280
    275
    Manometer Reading (H) (mm)

    MANOMETER READING (H)


    270
    265
    260

    255
    0.70000000000000018
    Velocity (m/s)

    Table 3: Manometer Reading vs Velocity


    MANOMETER READING
    (H)
    285
    284
    279
    278
    278
    268

    VELOCITY
    (M/S)
    0.7
    1.039
    1.95
    1.299
    1.213
    0.95

    MANOMETER READING (H)vs VELOCITY (M/S)


    290

    285

    280

    275
    MANOMETER READING (H)

    Manometer Reading (H) (mm)


    270

    265

    260

    255
    0.70000000000000018
    Velocity (m/s)

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