Indonesia

Tax Profile
Produced in conjunction with the
KPMG Asia Pacific Tax Centre

Updated: November 2013

Contents
1

Corporate Income Tax

International Treaties for the Avoidance of Double Taxation

Indirect Tax (e.g. VAT/GST)

Personal taxation

Other Taxes

10

Free Trade Agreements

11

Tax Authority

12

2013 KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG
International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm vis--vis
third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved

Corporate Income Tax

Corporate Income Tax

Income tax

Tax Rate

The corporate tax rate is 25 percent.

Listed companies which meet certain conditions are eligible for a five percent reduction in the corporate tax rate.
A company with gross turnover of less than IDR 50 billion (approximately USD 5.5 million) is eligible for a 50 percent
reduction in the corporate tax rate on the proportion of taxable income which results when IDR 4.8 billion is divided by
the gross annual turnover. Where gross turnover is below IDR 4.8 billion, the reduction applies on all taxable income.

Residence

A company will be resident in Indonesia if it is incorporated in Indonesia.

Non-resident companies are those which are incorporated overseas, but receive or accrue income from Indonesia. Nonresidents are obliged to register for tax purposes if they have a permanent establishment (PE) in Indonesia.
Representative Offices of foreign companies are also required to register as taxpayers, even though they may not be a PE. This is
necessary as the Representative Office will have to withhold tax on payments to employees and third parties and lodge relevant tax
returns.

Compliance requirements

Companies are required to self-assess and lodge annual corporate income tax returns. The annual corporate tax returns
must be lodged with the relevant Tax Office within four months after the end of the calendar year or tax year, and this
deadline may be extended for two months by notifying the Director General of Taxation.

International Withholding Tax

Rates

Withholding tax is imposed at 20 percent on various amounts payable to non-residents (e.g. dividends, interest and
royalties), unless the non-resident has a permanent establishment in Indonesia, whereby the rates applicable to
payments to residents apply.
The withholding tax rate may be reduced where the foreign resident is exempt or eligible for a reduced rate by virtue of a
tax treaty. In order to qualify for any relief under a relevant tax treaty, non-residents must provide a certificate from the
tax authority in their country of residence (Form DGT1 for most taxpayers). In most cases, the withholding liability arises
when the expense is incurred, not when the payment is made.
Permanent Establishments of foreign enterprises are also subject to an additional 20 percent Branch Profits tax on their
after-tax income, unless eligible for a reduced rate by virtue of a tax treaty.

Holding rules

Dividends paid from an Indonesian resident subsidiary to a non-resident parent will be subject to 20 percent withholding
tax or a reduced rate if the non-resident parent resides in a tax treaty country and can meet the requirements to utilize
the tax treaty provisions.
Capital gains, regardless of the reason for the disposal of the asset, are taxable.
Certain tax treaties provide exemption on capital gains on sale of unlisted shares by the non-resident shareholders,
provided that Form DGT-1 is available. In the case that no exemption is available, the sale of unlisted shares is subject to
five percent withholding tax on the total transaction value (gross proceeds) and in this case, an independent appraisal
report is required to demonstrate that the transaction value is an arms-length price.

Tax Losses

Losses can be carried forward for a period of five years. However, in certain circumstances this may be extended to 10
years under special facilities available for certain regions and/or industries.
Changes in shareholders do not affect the validity of the carried forward losses. Capital losses are treated the same as
operating losses provided that the losses are reasonable based on sound market practice. No foreign losses can be
included in the tax computation.
There are no loss carry back provisions in Indonesian tax law.

Tax Consolidation / Group

relief

No provision exists for grouping or consolidation under Indonesian law.

Transfer of listed shares

Transfers of shares listed on the Indonesian stock exchange are subject to a final transfer tax of 0.1 percent. Founder
shares are subject to an additional final tax of 0.5 percent on listing.

Transfer of assets

On the transfer of title of land and buildings, five percent income tax (final) and five percent title transfer tax will apply.

CFC rules

Indonesia has a CFC regime.

A CFC is defined as a foreign unlisted corporation in which Indonesian resident individual or corporate shareholders,
either individually or as a group, hold 50 percent or more of the total paid in capital. Listed corporations are not CFCs. The
Indonesian shareholders shall be deemed to receive dividends within four months after filing the tax return; or seven
months after the end of the fiscal year where there is no obligation to file an annual tax return, or there is no specific
deadline of filing in the country of residence of the CFC.

Transfer Pricing

Indonesia has transfer pricing provisions.

Where the tax authority considers that transactions have not been conducted at arms length due to the existence of a
special relationship between the parties, the consideration paid may be adjusted. The tax authoritys power extends to
all domestic and cross border transactions.
The limited regulations/guidelines which have been issued with regard to transfer pricing are now largely in line with the
2010 OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines, although guidance to auditors and the rules prior to November 2011 suggest that
a hierarchical approach should be taken to the selection of methodology, and the limited nature of the OECD Guidelines
allows for broad interpretations.
The Indonesian Tax Office (ITO) may enter into Advance Pricing Agreements (APA) on prices with companies and other
tax jurisdictions. The ITO has issued a regulation covering the policies and procedures to be followed in establishing such
APAs.
Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) applications can be processed simultaneously with a taxpayers submission of an
objection, appeal, or application for the reduction or cancellation of a tax assessment notice.

Thin Capitalisation

Where a special relationship exists between parties, interest may be disallowed as a deduction where such charges
are considered excessive, such as interest rates in excess of commercial rates. Interest-free loans from shareholders
may, in certain cases, create a risk of deemed interest being imposed, giving rise to withholding tax obligations for the
borrower.
The law allows the tax authority to issue a decree defining the maximum ratio of debt to equity in determining deductible
interest. However, such a decree has not yet been finalised (the draft proposal was for a 5:1 ratio). Special rules on tax
deductibility of interest apply in the mining, and oil and gas sectors.

General Anti-avoidance

No general anti-avoidance rules apply.

Anti-treaty shopping

For utilizing the tax treaty provisions, the non-resident must confirm in Form DGT-1 that the transaction has economic
substance and is not solely designed to take advantage of tax treaty benefits.

Other specific anti-avoidance

rules

No other specific anti-avoidance regimes rules apply.

Rulings

Indonesia has a ruling system in place. However, tax rulings are not generally published, and are only applicable to the
relevant tax payer that requested such ruling.

Intellectual Property
Incentives

None

R&D Incentives

Research and development undertaken in Indonesia is deductible expenditure.

Other incentives

Other tax incentives are available for certain entities in specific industries, including:
Tax holidays
Tax exemptions for certain transactions, e.g. merger and spin-off, and newly established foreign owned company
Income tax relief on investment in certain business and/or certain regions in the form of additional deductions, accelerated
tax depreciation, and extended loss carry forward periods.

Hybrid Instruments

The treatment of hybrid instruments for tax purposes will generally follow the accounting treatment, and the related tax
obligations will be determined based on such accounting treatment.

Hybrid entities

There are no specific rules that apply to hybrid entities in Indonesia.

Special tax regimes for

specific industries or sectors

Income tax relief is available for investments in 25 selected sectors (52 sub-sectors) and/or 15 selected locations (77 sublocations). The selected business sectors are economic sectors that have high priority on a national scale, particularly in
respect of boosting exports. The selected regions are remote regions, which are economically potentially worthy of
development, but whose economic infrastructure is generally inadequate, and where access by public transport is
difficult. This includes maritime waters with a depth of over 50 meters where the seabed has mineral reserves, including
natural gas.

2
In Force

International Treaties for the Avoidance of Double Taxation

Algeria

India

Philippines

Thailand

Australia

Iran

Poland

Tunisia

Austria

Italy

Portugal

Turkey

Bangladesh

Japan

Qatar

Ukraine

Belgium

Jordan

Romania

United Arab Emirates

Brunei

Korea (Democratic Peoples Republic)

Russia

United Kingdom

Bulgaria

Korea (Republic of)

Seychelles

United States

Canada

Kuwait

Singapore

Uzbekistan

China

Luxembourg

Slovak Republic

Venezuela

Czech Republic

Malaysia

South Africa

Vietnam

Denmark

Mexico

Spain

Egypt

Mongolia

Sri Lanka

Finland

Morocco

Sudan

France

Netherlands

Sweden

Germany

New Zealand

Switzerland

Hong Kong

Norway

Syria

Hungary

Pakistan

Taiwan

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Pajak

Indirect Tax (e.g. VAT/GST)

Indirect Tax

Value Added Tax (VAT)

Standard Rate

The standard rate of VAT in Indonesia is 10 percent and applies to goods, services and imports in Indonesia.
Exports of goods are subject to zero percent VAT, however only certain exports of services are entitled to zero percent
VAT.

Further information

Link to KPMGs VAT/GST essentials

Personal taxation

Income Tax

Personal tax

Top Rate

The top marginal personal tax rate is 30 percent and applies to taxable income exceeding IDR 500 million.

Social Security

Social security insurance

Employers contribute to the following social security insurance funds:
Workers old age compensation: 3.7 percent
Workers death compensation: 0.3 percent
Workers health insurance (optional): Three percent for a single or six percent for a couple
Workers accident insurance: 0.24 percent - 1.74 percent
Employers contribution to workers health compensation is payable only where the employer does not provide equivalent
or better health provisions.
Employees are required to contribute to workers old age compensation fund at two percent.

Further information

Link to KPMGs Thinking Beyond Borders

Other Taxes

Customs duty

Customs duties are imposed on items imported into Indonesia, generally on an ad valorem basis.
Duties are payable based on the Harmonized System (HS) classification. Duties are based on the cost, insurance and
freight (CIF) value of the imported item and, in general, are imposed at rates of zero percent to 20 percent for most
goods, 25 percent to 80 percent for cars, and 170 percent for alcoholic drinks. The Indonesian customs procedures are
based upon General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) principles.

Excise duty

Excise duties are levied on specific products whose consumption is restricted or controlled, namely alcoholic beverages
and tobacco products.

Stamp duty

A stamp duty tax of either IDR 3,000 or IDR 6,000 is charged on certain documents such as receipts, agreements,
powers of attorney and other legal documents.

Tax on land and buildings

This is a tax levied on the holding of land or buildings within Indonesia. The tax authority, or in practice - delegated
regional authorities, will initially determine who the taxpayer is and issue a report on the tax object to that property.
Normally, the owner is responsible for paying the tax due.
Tax is currently imposed at 20 percent or 40 percent of the full statutory rate, which is 0.5 percent of the sales value of
the tax object. Thus, the actual tax rate is 0.1 percent or 0.2 percent. The sales value is the actual transaction price or, in
the absence of a transaction, the price of a similar object can be used. The law provides that the sales value is to be fixed
every three years, except for certain areas where it is fixed annually.

Property title transfer tax

A transfer tax is payable on every transfer of title of land, or land and buildings. The taxpayer is the recipient of the rights.
The tax is five percent of the transfer price and there is a non-taxable amount of IDR 60 million. The amount to be taxed
is the acquisition cost. If the deemed sale value determined for land and buildings tax purposes is higher, that amount
will be used as the basis for the transfer tax.
Certain reductions and exemptions apply.

Regional and local taxes

Regional and local taxes include; entertainment tax, advertisement tax, motor vehicle taxes, hotel and restaurant tax,
street lighting tax, and tax on the use of underground and surface water.

6
In force

Free Trade Agreements

The ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)

ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement

ASEAN Korea Free Trade Agreement

Indonesian Japan Free Trade Agreement / Indonesia Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA)

ASEAN India Free Trade Agreement

ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement

Indonesia Pakistan Free Trade Agreement

Tax Authority

Tax Authority

Direktorat Jenderal Pajak

Link to Direktorat Jenderal Pajak

Tax audit activity

The tax authority predominantly adopts a risk based approach to the selection of returns for audit, and can also select
candidates for audit by random selection. Refunds of tax will usually result in a tax audit being opened. Most listed
companies are subject to an annual tax audit.
A typical tax audit commences with a site visit followed by submitting all the required information. The tax auditor will
also ask questions and require additional documents for the taxpayer response, including reconciliations between the tax
returns and the financial statements. Audits into any given return generally last 12 months.
The tax authoritys approach to tax audits is largely a manual approach, including detailed consideration of invoices and
key documents.
Key focus areas for the tax authority in tax audits conducted in recent years have included:

Appeals

Transfer pricing

Deductibility of expenses and taxability of income

Compliance with withholding tax obligation

Compliance with VAT obligation

If there is any dispute with the tax assessments, a taxpayer is allowed to file an objection. A taxpayer can then submit an
appeal to the Tax Court on the disputed tax audit results. Each process will take 12 months to complete, but an appeals
process can be extended further.

Contact us
Abraham Pierre
Partner, Head of Tax
KPMG Indonesia
T +62-21-5704888
E abraham.pierre@kpmg.co.id
www.kpmg.com/tax

This profile was provided by professionals from KPMGs member firm in Indonesia.
The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavour to provide accurate and
timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such
information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation.
2013 KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG
International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm vis--vis third parties, nor does KPMG International
have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.
The KPMG name, logo and cutting through complexity are registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International.