Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 192 views

    Buckling in Columns

    Uploaded by

    nirga
    This document discusses buckling of columns. Buckling occurs when a compressive load causes a large deformation in a structural element in a direction perpendicular to the load. Long columns typically fail through elastic buckling below their ultimate strength due to shape instability. Short columns generally fail through yielding close to their material yield stress. The classification of columns as short or long depends on the slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration. End conditions and cross-sectional shape also influence a column's resistance to buckling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Buckling in Columns

    Uploaded by

    nirga
    192 views8 pages
    This document discusses buckling of columns. Buckling occurs when a compressive load causes a large deformation in a structural element in a direction perpendicular to the load. Long columns typically fail through elastic buckling below their ultimate strength due to shape instability. Short columns generally fail through yielding close to their material yield stress. The classification of columns as short or long depends on the slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration. End conditions and cross-sectional shape also influence a column's resistance to buckling.

    Original Description:

    Buckling in columns

    Original Title

    Buckling in columns

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses buckling of columns. Buckling occurs when a compressive load causes a large deformation in a structural element in a direction perpendicular to the load. Long columns typically fail through elastic buckling below their ultimate strength due to shape instability. Short columns generally fail through yielding close to their material yield stress. The classification of columns as short or long depends on the slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration. End conditions and cross-sectional shape also influence a column's resistance to buckling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    192 views8 pages

    Buckling in Columns

    Uploaded by

    nirga
    This document discusses buckling of columns. Buckling occurs when a compressive load causes a large deformation in a structural element in a direction perpendicular to the load. Long columns typically fail through elastic buckling below their ultimate strength due to shape instability. Short columns generally fail through yielding close to their material yield stress. The classification of columns as short or long depends on the slenderness ratio, which is the effective length divided by the radius of gyration. End conditions and cross-sectional shape also influence a column's resistance to buckling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    2E4: SOLIDS & STRUCTURES

    Lecture 15
    Dr. Bidisha Ghosh
    Notes:
    http://www.tcd.ie/civileng/Staff/Bidisha.Ghosh/Solid
    s & Structures

    Buckling of Columns
    What is buckling?
    Buckling is a large deformation produced under compressive load in a
    direction or plane normal to the direction of application of the load.
    Buckling is a form of instability, it occurs suddenly with large changes

    in deformation but little change in loading. For this reason it is a


    dangerous phenomenon that must be avoided in structural design.
    Buckling is not failure through yielding. Due to the shape of a

    structural element it can buckle under a load below the ultimate


    strength.

    Whether a column will buckle or not depends on the


    length of the column.

    Long Columns

    Long columns usually fail by elastic buckling.

    The failure load is below ultimate strength of the


    material.

    The Euler formula is used to calculate failure strength in


    long columns.

    Short Columns

    Short columns generally dont fail by elastic buckling.

    The failure stress is close to yield stress of the material.

    The true short-columns do not have much practical


    application.

    How do we know which is a short/long column?

    = Le r

    r=

    I
    A

    Classification of Columns

    CD is Euler curve showing behaviour of long columns


    Euler formula should not be used for slenderness ratio <120
    For slenderness ratio less than 30, columns are called short columns.
    They fail by yielding or crushing, generally not buckling.

    End Conditions

    What was the pinned-pinned condition mentioned in connection


    with Slenderness ratio?

    Euler derived all formulae related to column buckling for pinnedpinned condition and later for other end support conditions, those
    formula were altered by using a constant, C
    Instead of the actual length of the columns a new length termed as the
    effective length was used.

    Effective length, L2e =

    L2
    C

    Different EndEnd-Conditions

    Check the load required to buckle!

    Failure Stress

    Pcr =

    2 EI
    Le 2

    cr =

    Pcr 2 E
    = 2
    A

    CrossCross-sectional Shape & Buckling


    The radius of gyration provides a measure of the resistance provided
    by a cross-section to lateral buckling.
    The radius of gyration is not a physical entity in itself. It is a
    relationship derived to make prediction of column behaviour easy. The
    radius of gyration is related to the size and shape of the cross-section.

    Columns will buckle in the direction of least cross-sectional


    stiffness (minimum value of I ).
    Buckling Direction

    Cross-section
    y

    P
    y

    A
    h

    x
    b
    Iy>Iz

    A rectangular column will buckle in the direction of the smaller


    dimension in cross-section. A square column cross-section will be
    equally prone to buckling in both x and y directions. This is because the
    cross section will offer equal resistance to buckling in the direction x
    and y.

    Example
    Determine the thickness of a round steel tubular strut,
    375mm external diameter and 2.5m long, pin-jointed at
    the ends, to withstand an axial load of 39000kN.
    E=200GPa.

    Moment curvature equation


    A quick touch on bending before learning buckling!
    1.Moment at any section

    2.Moment-curvature equation:

    M = EI

    d2y
    dx 2

    3.Buckling is an effect of combined compression & bending

    Compression on A Slender Column

    From knowledge of bending,


    d2y
    M = EI 2 = Py
    dx
    d2y
    EI 2 + Py = 0
    dx
    Solve this equation..
    1. d 2 y
    P
    + 2 y = 0;
    where 2 =
    2
    dx
    EI
    2. So, y = A sin x + B cos x;
    From boundary conditions, B=0 & A sin L = 0

    Compression on A Slender Column


    A sin L = 0
    means, either A = 0 or , sin L = 0
    For any buckling to happen the second condition has to be true and
    that means,

    L = 0, , 2 ,3 .....
    P
    = n (n = 1, 2,...)
    EI
    n 2 2 EI
    P =
    L2
    and , L =

    You might also like