Carbon Steel Girder Rails of Plain, Grooved, and Guard Types

An American National Standard
Designation: A 2 02
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Girder Rails of Plain, Grooved, and Guard Types1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 2; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, %
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel girder rails2 of
three classes based on type or type and weight, and chemistry
defined as follows and in Table 1:
1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, girderguard rails shall be Class A.
1.1.2 Plain and grooved-girder rails under 135 lb/yd (67.1
kg/m) in weight shall be specified by the purchaser as either
Class A or Class B.
1.1.3 Plain and grooved-girder rails of 135 lb/yd in weight
and heavier shall be Class C, unless otherwise specified.
1.2 The values states in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus, max
Silicon
Class A
Class B
Class C
0.600.75
0.600.90
0.04
0.100.40
0.700.85
0.600.90
0.04
0.100.40
0.750.90
0.600.90
0.04
0.100.40
4.1.2 Quantity (tons or pieces as appropriate),

4.1.3 Complete identification of section with dimensional
drawing if required,
4.1.4 Arrangement of bolt holes, bond holes, and tie rod
holes with dimensional drawings, if required,
4.1.5 Class (in accordance with 1.1 and Table 1), and
4.1.6 Certification and Test Report (see 12.1).
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipments 3
E 10 Test Method for Brinell hardness of Metallic Materials4
5. Manufacture
5.1 Melting PracticeThe steel shall be made by any of the
following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electricfurnace.
5.1.1 The steel may be cast by a continuous process, or in
ingots.
5.2 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made to secure
freedom from injurious segregation and piping.
3. Classification of Rails
3.1 No. 1 RailsRails that are free of injurious imperfections and flaws of all kinds.
3.2 No. 2 RailsRails that contain surface imperfections in
such number or of such character that shall not, in the judgment
of the inspector, render them unfit for recognized uses.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisAn analysis for each heat or
cast of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the
percentage of the elements specified in Table 1. The analysis
shall be made from a test sample representing the heat or cast
and shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
6.2 Upon request by the purchaser, similar samples shall be
provided to verify the heat or cast analysis as determined in
6.1.
6.3 Product AnalysisWhen ladle tests are not available,
finished material representing the heat may be product tested.
The product analysis allowance beyond the limits of the
specified ladle analysis shall be within the limits for product
analyses specified in Table 2.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for girder rails under this specification shall
include the following information as appropriate:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.01 on Steel Rails and Accessories.
Current edition approved November 10, 2002. Published December 2002.
Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 1990 as A 31 90
(1997).
2
Design details for carbon steel girder rails are indicated in the girder rail
catalogs of individual manufacturers.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
7. Hardness Properties
7.1 Test Specimens:
7.1.1 Three representative sections of rail from each heat
shall be selected as test specimens.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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A 2 02
TABLE 2 Product AnalysisAllowance Beyond Limits of
Specified Chemical Analysis
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Silicon
A
Allowance Under Minumum

Limit, %
Allowance Over Maximum

Limit, %
0.04
0.06
...
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.008
0.02A
8.3.3 Standard 39-ft lengths with up to 11 % of the entire

order in lengths shorter than standard, varying by 1 ft (0.3 m)
from 38 to 24 ft (11.6 to 7.3 m) may be specified; or
8.3.4 Length variations other than those described in 8.3.3
may be established by agreement between the purchaser and
manufacturer.
8.3.5 A variation of 716 in. (11 mm) from the specified
length of individual rails will be permitted.
8.4 End Finish:
8.4.1 Rails shall be milled, abrasive wheel cut, or ground to
length, with a variation in end squareness of not more than 132
in. (0.8 mm) allowed.
8.4.2 Harmful burrs on the ends shall be removed.
8.5 Drilling:
8.5.1 Circular holes for joint bar bolts, bonds, and tie rods
shall be drilled to conform to the drawings and dimensions
furnished by the purchaser and within the following permissible variations:
8.5.2 The diameter of bolt holes shall not vary more than 116
in. (1.6 mm) over and 0 in. under that specified. The diameter
of bond holes shall not be over the size specified, but may be
132in. (0.8 mm) under. The diameter of the tie rod holes shall
not be less than that specified but may be 116in. (1.6 mm) over.
8.5.3 The location of bolt and bond holes shall not vary
more than 116 in. (1.6 mm), either longitudinally or vertically
from that specified. The location of the tie rod holes shall not
vary more than 14in. (6.35 mm) vertically and not more than 12
in. (12.7 mm) longitudinally from that specified.
8.5.4 Bond holes shall be truly cylindrical and not conical.
8.5.5 Harmful fins and burrs at the edges of holes shall be
removed.
8.6 PunchingUnless otherwise specified by the purchaser,
the tie rod holes in Class A rails may be punched, and, when so
made, they shall be free of burrs, fins, etc. Punched tie rod
holes shall not be less in diameter than specified, but may be
not more than 18 in. (3.2 mm) over size.
Continuously cast allowances shall be 0.05 % over maximum for silicon.
7.1.2 Excess scale and decarburization shall be removed

from the test area of the head or web of the selected specimens.
7.2 Procedure:
7.2.1 1 The test shall be conducted in accordance with Test
Method E 10.
7.3 Requirements:
7.3.1 Class A rail shall have a Brinell hardness of 248 to
293, and Classes B and C shall have hardnesses of 269 to 321.
7.4 RetestsIf the average depth of the impressions obtained on the head of the three specimens from any heat fails
to conform to the requirements specified in 7.3, the manufacturer may at his option retest the specimens, or each rail from
that heat. Rails represented by retests which conform to the
requirements of 7.3 shall be accepted.
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8. Permissible Variations of Dimension, Weight, and

Other Physical Attributes
8.1 Section:
8.1.1 The section of the rail shall conform to the design
specified by the purchaser.
8.1.2 A variation of 164 in. (0.4 mm) less or 132in. (0.8 mm)
greater than the specified height will be permitted.
8.1.3 A variation of 18 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified
overall width of the head and tram will be permitted, but any
variation that would affect the gage line more than 132 in. (0.8
mm) will not be permitted.
8.1.4 The overall width of the base shall not vary under that
specified more than 18 in. (3.2 mm) for widths less than 612in.
(165 mm), 316 in. (4.8 mm) for a width of 612 in., and 14 in.
(6.35 mm) for a width of 7 in. (178 mm).
8.1.5 No variation will be permitted in dimensions affecting
the fit of the joint bars, except that the fishing template
approved by the purchaser may stand out laterally not more
than 332 in. (2.4 mm).
8.1.6 The base of the rail shall be at right angles to the web,
and the convexity shall not exceed 132 in. (0.8 mm).
8.1.7 When necessary, because of the type of track construction, and notice to that effect has been given to the manufacturer, the position of the gage line with respect to the outer edge
of the base shall not vary more than 364 in. (1.2 mm).
8.2 WeightThe weight of the rails per yard as calculated,
shall be maintained as nearly as possible after conforming to
the requirements specified in 8.1.
8.3 Length:
8.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, the standard length of rail
shall be 39 ft (11.9 m) where measured at a temperature of
60F (15C).
8.3.2 All standard 39-ft lengths may be specified; or
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

9.1 Rails shall be straightened cold in a press or roller
machine to remove twists, waves, and kinks.
9.2 Deviations in the vertical and horizontal alignment
throughout the length of the rail shall be uniform. Sharp
deviations in either direction shall not be acceptable.
9.3 Straightness shall be assessed by visual inspection.
10. Inspection
10.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspector
all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the
material is being produced and furnished in accordance with
this specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not
interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. All
tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,
unless otherwise agreed to.
11. Rejection and Rehearing
11.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
this specification may be rejected. Rejections shall be reported
to the manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case
2
14.1.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, the year and

month of manufacture, the weight of the rail, and the section
number, shall be legibly rolled in raised letters and figures on
the web.
14.1.2 The heat number shall be legibly stamped on each
rail where it will not be covered subsequently by the joint bars.
14.2 Paint Marking:
14.2.1 No. 2 rails shall be paint-marked white.
14.2.2 No. 1 rails less than 39 ft (11.9 m) long shall be
paint-marked green.
14.2.3 Paint-marking shall be located on the top of the head
at one end only, at least 3 ft (0.9 m) from the end.
14.3 Bar Coding:
14.3.1 The automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) Bar
Code Standard for Primary Metals for Steel Products may be
considered as a possible auxiliary method of identification. Use
of this method shall be by agreement between purchaser and
supplier.
of dissatisfaction with the test results, the manufacturer or

supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
12. Certification
12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
manufacturers certification shall be furnished to the purchaser
that the material was produced and tested in accordance with
this specification and has been found to meet the requirements.
12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
report of the chemical and mechanical test results shall be
furnished.
12.3 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or
similar document printed from or used in electronic form from
and electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
the certifiers facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
12.4 Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting either a printed document (Material Test
Report, Certificate of Inspection or similar document) or and
EDI transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
15. Loading
15.1 Rails shall be handled carefully to avoid damage.
15.2 Rails shall be placed together according to class in
loading.
15.3 Rails shall be paired as to length before shipment.
13. Acceptance
13.1 In order to be accepted, the rails offered shall fulfill all
the requirements of this specification.
13.2 No. 2 rails to the extent of 10 % of the whole order will
be accepted.
16. U.S. Government Procurement

16.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,
material shall be prepared for shipment and storage in accordance with the requirements of Practices A 700.
17. Keywords
17.1 girder rails; rails; railway applications; steel rails
14. Product Marking

14.1 Branding and Stamping:
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
(4) Added EDI language in Section 12.
(5) Added bar coding language in Section 14.
(6) Deleted reference to military standard deleted in Section
16.
(1) Military standard references deleted in Section 2.

(2) Edited footnotes on page 1.
(3) Changed hardness spec. to an ASTM specification in
Section 7.
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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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3
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A 2 02

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An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Girder Rails of Plain, Grooved, and Guard Types1

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, %

4.1.2 Quantity (tons or pieces as appropriate),

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Allowance Under Minumum

Allowance Over Maximum

8.3.3 Standard 39-ft lengths with up to 11 % of the entire

Continuously cast allowances shall be 0.05 % over maximum for silicon.

7.1.2 Excess scale and decarburization shall be removed

8. Permissible Variations of Dimension, Weight, and

9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

14.1.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, the year and

of dissatisfaction with the test results, the manufacturer or

16. U.S. Government Procurement

14. Product Marking

(1) Military standard references deleted in Section 2.

Copyright ASTM International

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