HT TP: //qpa Pe R.W But .Ac .In: Satellite Communication

Name :
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Roll No. : ..
Invigilators Signature : ..
CS/M.TECH (ECE)/SEM-2/MCE-205A/2013
2013
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Time Allotted : 3 Hours
Full Marks : 70
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
pap
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words

as far as practicable.
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er.
GROUP A
( Multiple Choice Type Questions )

1.
Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following :
i)
10
1 = 10
In a circular geostationary orbit in the equatorial plane

the apogee equals the perigee
b)
the apogee is twice the perigee
c)
the perigee is twice the apogee
d)
none of these.
30715 (M.Tech)
in
a c.
ut .
a)
[ Turn over
ii)
For an eccentric elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( e )
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and semi-major axis ( a ), the perigee point distance

from the centre of earth having radius ( R ) is given by
rp = a ( 1 e ) / R
b)
rp = a ( 1 e )
c)
rp = a ( 1 + e )
d)
r p = aR / ( 1 e ) .
pap
iii)
a)
Satellite may reuse the same frequency in the same

area by
having many small antennas
b)
overlapping radiation zones
c)
TDMA
d)
FDMA.
wb
er.
The conversion efficiency of solar cell is about

a)
12% to 15%
b)
15% to 20%
c)
12% to 25%
d)
none of these.
30715 (M.Tech)
in
a c.
ut .
iv)
a)
v)
For the earth station antennas to be 6 feet in diameter,
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the satellite frequency bands much be in
b)
12/14 GHz range
c)
20/30 GHz range
d)
Both (a) and (b)
Earth station figure of merit is defined as

a)
10 log ( G/T )
b)
10 log ( GT )
c)
20 log ( G/T )
d)
None of these.
wb
er.
vii)
4/6 GHz range
pap
vi)
a)
A satellite earth station antenna has a gain of 10 6 and

a noise temperature of 100K. The earth station ( G/T )
in dB/K is
a)
40 dB/K
c)
Indeterminate
b)
80 dB/K
d)
Zero.
in
a c.
ut .
viii) A 10 GHz signal was beamed up at a satellite at a

distance of about 40,000 km from the earths surface.
The signal undergoes a free space loss of
a)
10 db
b)
50 dB
c)
200 dB
d)
385 dB.
30715 (M.Tech)
[ Turn over
ix)
The code division multiple access technique is not
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usually used because

a)
it requires very large bandwidth
b)
the circuity required is very complex
c)
the system becomes too expensive
d)
its technology has not been completely developed

as yet.
pap
x)
The multiple access technique in which full bandwidth

is used for full time by all users is
FDMA
b)
CDMA
c)
TDMA
d)
none of these.
wb
er.
xi)
a)
The time duration between the transmissions of traffic
a)
125 sec
b)
120 sec
c)
64 sec
d)
250 sec.
30715 (M.Tech)
in
a c.
ut .
bursts in TDMA is
xii)
The drop size distribution is given by ( the notations
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have their usual significance )

D
Dm
a)
N ( D ) = N 0 exp
b)
N ( D ) = N 0 exp
D
Dm
c)
N ( D ) = N 0 exp
d)
N ( D ) = N 0 exp
Dm
D
Dm
pap
xiii) Generally the VSAT network is operated in

FDMA mode
b)
TDMA mode
c)
CDMA mode
d)
None of these.
wb
er.
a)
xiv) The type of configuration used in VSAT system is

Hybrid
b)
Data
c)
Mesh
d)
Star.
30715 (M.Tech)
in
a c.
ut .
a)
[ Turn over
GROUP B
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( Short Answer Type Questions )

Answer any three of the following.
2.
a)
5 = 15
What do you mean by apogee and perigee heights ?

Illustrate Look angles.
b)
A satellite is in an elliptical orbit with apogee and

perigee
heights
being
4000
km
and
500
km
pap
respectively. Determine the eccentricity, semi major

and semi minor axes. Find also the orbital period of the
satellite. Take radius of each as 6370 km.
4.
wb
er.
3.
Illustrate the following :

a)
Altitude Control System ( ACS )
b)
Orbit Control System ( OCS ).
Elucidate Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring
in
a c.
ut .
( TTC&M ) in the context of operation of a communication

satellite.
5.
Name different antenna systems which are sued in satellite

communication. State and explain the factors on which the
selection of antenna depends.
30715 (M.Tech)
1+4
6.
In a satellite communication, the output power of a satellite
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transponder is 20 W with output back off 10 dB. The gain

of the satellite antenna and earth station antennas are
300 dB and 592 dB respectively. Given, free loss at 4 GHz
is 1950 dB, beam loss is 20 dB, atmosphere loss is 02 dB
and other losses are 04 dB. Calculate the power received at
earth station.
pap
7.
State the purpose of a transponder ? With the help of a

diagram, describe the working of a typical single conversion
transponder for 6/4 GHz links.
1+4
wb
er.
GROUP C
( Long Answer Type Questions )
Answer any three of the following.

8.
a)
15 = 45
Develop Friis transmission equation regarding power

received by antenna. Also, deduce the relation between
b)
2+3
in
a c.
ut .
C/N and G/T ratio.
An antenna is matched into a receiver. The noise
temperature of the antenna and the receiver are 40 K

and 100 K respectively. If the receiver band width is
36 MHz, determine its noise power.
( k = 138
30715 (M.Tech)
10 23 J/K
).
[ Turn over
c)
Determine the value of overall carrier to noise ratio in a
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htt
satellite link where a signal is transmitted to a satellite

transponder with a carrier to noise ratio of 15 dB and
transponder transmits it with the said ratio of 20 dB. 5
d)
What do you understand by multiple accesses in the

context of satellite communication ? What are the
various techniques used for this purpose ?
9.
a)
Distinguish
between
pre-assigned
and
2+1
demand-
pap
assigned techniques, stating the relative advantages

and disadvantages.
b)
Briefly
describe
the
operational
principles
of
wb
er.
frequency division multiple access ( FDMA ) system.

What is the significance of guard band ?
c)
5+2
Develop the expression for the required carrier to noise

ratio in FDMA system in both SCPC and MCPC types. 5
10. a)
Illustrate the functional principle of a time division

multiple access ( TDMA ) system. How one can
in
a c.
ut .
distinguish between time division multiplexing ( TDM )
and TDMA ? Why TDMA is used with digital signals

only ?
b)
3+1+1
Define TDMA frame. What are the constituents of a
TDMA frame structure ? Briefly describe the purpose of

each constituent part of a TDMA frame.
30715 (M.Tech)
1+1+3
c)
A TDMA network of five earth stations shares a single
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transponder equally. The frame duration is 20 ms, the

preamble time per station is 20 s and guard bands of
5 s are used between bursts. Transmission bursts are
QPSK at 30 Mbaud. Calculate the number of 64 Kbps
voice channels that each TDMA earth station can
transmit. Taking bits are being sent as 500 bursts/s,
find how guard time per burst is affected when the
fractional channel is ignored.
11. a)
3+2
Illustrate, (i) Spade system, (ii) Code Divison Multiple
pap
Access ( CDMA ) and (iii)
Space Domain Multiple
Access ( SDMA ).
b)
Three identical large earth stations shared a single

36 MHz band width transponder using FDMA with the
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er.
three earth stations transmitting signals of band width

15 MHz, 10 MHz and 5 MHz respectively. The three
earth station accesses are changed to TDMA with a
frame length of 10 ms, a preamble time of 10 s and a
guard time of 2 s. There is no reference burst in
TDMA frame. The signals are transmitted using QPSK.
Find out the burst symbol rate on the link. Find also
c)
4+1
in
a c.
ut .
the burst duration for each earth station.
Write down the general expression for attenuation

involving rain rate and path length in air. Find the
specific attenuation at 10 GHz, if the rain fall rate is
40 mm/hour and linear vertical polarization is used.
( Given, a v = 000887, b v = 1264 at 10 GHz )
1+2
30715 (M.Tech)
[ Turn over
d)
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A 12 GHz direct broadcast satellite link was found to

experience 4 dB rain attenuation at an elevation angle
of 45 for 001% of the time in an average year. What
will be the rain attenuation measured at the same time
percentage for the same site if the elevation angle were
10 ?
2
Write down the key equation in the link power budget,
stating the meanings of all notations used. Describe
briefly how attenuation and depolarization are
quantified.
1+4
b)
Satellite A radiates an EIRP of 35 dB W on the

downlink to an earth station whose antenna gain is
50 dB. Transmission from another satellite B located in
the vicinity of the first satellite produces interference in
the desired downlink. If the EIRP of the interfering
satellite is 30 dB W, determine carrier to interference
ratio ( C/I ), assuming that the path loss on the
downlink channel for both the satellites are the same
and angular separation of both the satellites from the
earth station is 4.
2
c)
In case of uplink, EIRP values of earth stations A and B

are 80 dB W and 75 dB W respectively. The transmit
antenna gains in the two cases are 50 dB each. If the
gain of the receiving antenna of the satellite is 20 dB in
the direction of earth station A and 15 dB in the
direction of earth station B, calculate carrier to
interference ratio at the satellite due to interference
caused by earth station B. Assume, viewing angle of the
satellite from the two earth stations is 4.
3
d)
Illustrate
wb
er.
pap
12. a)
Satellite
( MSAT ).
30715 (M.Tech)
in
a c.
ut .
Mobile
Communication
System
10
13. a)
Explain the important features of VSAT system.
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b)
Using the following data in relation to communication

between VSAT and satellite, calculate ( C/N ) uplink and
( C/N ) downlink and hence ( C/N ) overall .
Transmit power of VSAT = 2 W
ii)
Uplink frequency = 14 GHz
iii)
Diameter of transmit antenna = 2 m
iv)
Efficiency of transmit antenna = 68%
v)
Altitude of satellite = 20,000 km
vi)
Other losses = 5 dB
vii)
Temperature = 500 K
wb
er.
pap
i)
viii) Satellite transmit power = 1 W/channel

ix)
Downlink frequency = 12 GHz
x)
Satellite antenna gain = 28 dB
xi)
Other losses = 2 dB.
11
in
a c.
ut .
30715 (M.Tech)
10
[ Turn over

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Name :

Time Allotted : 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words

( Multiple Choice Type Questions )

Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following :

In a circular geostationary orbit in the equatorial plane

the apogee is twice the perigee

the perigee is twice the apogee

For an eccentric elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( e )

and semi-major axis ( a ), the perigee point distance

Satellite may reuse the same frequency in the same

having many small antennas

overlapping radiation zones

The conversion efficiency of solar cell is about

For the earth station antennas to be 6 feet in diameter,

the satellite frequency bands much be in

12/14 GHz range

20/30 GHz range

Both (a) and (b)

Earth station figure of merit is defined as

4/6 GHz range

A satellite earth station antenna has a gain of 10 6 and

viii) A 10 GHz signal was beamed up at a satellite at a

The code division multiple access technique is not

usually used because

it requires very large bandwidth

the circuity required is very complex

the system becomes too expensive

its technology has not been completely developed

The multiple access technique in which full bandwidth

The time duration between the transmissions of traffic

The drop size distribution is given by ( the notations

have their usual significance )

xiii) Generally the VSAT network is operated in

xiv) The type of configuration used in VSAT system is

( Short Answer Type Questions )

What do you mean by apogee and perigee heights ?

A satellite is in an elliptical orbit with apogee and

respectively. Determine the eccentricity, semi major

Illustrate the following :

Altitude Control System ( ACS )

Orbit Control System ( OCS ).

Elucidate Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring

( TTC&M ) in the context of operation of a communication

Name different antenna systems which are sued in satellite

In a satellite communication, the output power of a satellite

transponder is 20 W with output back off 10 dB. The gain

State the purpose of a transponder ? With the help of a

( Long Answer Type Questions )

Answer any three of the following.

Develop Friis transmission equation regarding power

C/N and G/T ratio.

An antenna is matched into a receiver. The noise

temperature of the antenna and the receiver are 40 K

Determine the value of overall carrier to noise ratio in a

satellite link where a signal is transmitted to a satellite

What do you understand by multiple accesses in the