First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

5. First Law Applied to Flow Process

Some Important Notes
S.F.E.E. per unit mass basis

V 12
V 22
dQ
dW
h1 +
+ gZ1 +
= h2 +
+ gZ2 +
2
dm
2
dm
[h, W, Q should be in J/kg and C in m/s and g in m/s2]

V12
dQ
V22
dW
gZ1
gZ 2
h1 +
+
+
= h2 +
+
+
2000 1000 dm
2000 1000 dm
[h, W, Q should be in kJ/kg and C in m/s and g in m/s2]

S.F.E.E. per unit time basis

dQ
V2
w1 h1 + 1 + Z1 g +
2

dWx
V2
= w2 h2 + 2 + Z2 g +
2
d

Where, w = mass flow rate (kg/s)

Steady Flow Process Involving Two Fluid Streams at the Inlet

and Exit of the Control Volume
Mass balance

w
A 1V
v1

A 2V
v2

+ w
2

= w
A 3V
v3

+ w
+

Where, v = specific volume (m3/kg)

Page 41 of 265

A 4V
v4

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

Energy balance

dQ
V2
V2
w1 h1 + 1 + Z1 g + w2 h2 + 2 + Z2 g +
2
2

dWx
V32
V42
= w3 h3 +
+ Z3 g + w4 h4 +
+ Z4 g +
d
2
2

Questions with Solution P. K. Nag

Q5.1

A blower handles 1 kg/s of air at 20C and consumes a power of 15 kW.

The inlet and outlet velocities of air are 100 m/s and 150 m/s respectively.
Find the exit air temperature, assuming adiabatic conditions. Take cp of
air is 1.005 kJ/kg-K.
(Ans. 28.38C)

Solution:

1
t1 = 20C
V1 = 100 m/s

V2 = 150 m/s
t2 = ?

dW
= 15 kN
dt

From S.F.E.E.

V2
gZ1 dQ
V2
gZ2 dW
= w2 h 2 + 2 +
w1 h1 + 1 +
+
+
2000 1000 dt
2000 1000 dt

dQ
= 0.
Here w1 = w2 = 1 kg / s ; Z1 = Z2 ;
dt
1002
1502

+ 0 = h2 +
15
h1 +
2000
2000

1002 1502

h2 h1 = 15 +

2000 2000

or
or

Q5.2

Cp ( t2 t1 ) = 8.75
t2 = 20 +

8.75
= 28.7C
1.005

A turbine operates under steady flow conditions, receiving steam at the

following state: Pressure 1.2 MPa, temperature 188C, enthalpy 2785
kJ/kg, velocity 33.3 m/s and elevation 3 m. The steam leaves the turbine
at the following state: Pressure 20 kPa, enthalpy 2512 kJ/kg, velocity 100
m/s, and elevation 0 m. Heat is lost to the surroundings at the rate of 0.29
kJ/s. If the rate of steam flow through the turbine is 0.42 kg/s, what is the
power output of the turbine in kW?
(Ans. 112.51 kW)

Page 42 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal
Solution:

Chapter 5

w1 = w2 = 0.42 kg / s

1
p1 = 1.2 MPa
t1 = 188C
h1 = 2785 kJ/kg
V1 = 33.3 m/s
1
Z1 = 3 m

dQ
dt = 0.29 kJ/s
dW
=?
dt

3m
2

By S.F.E.E.

2
p2 = 20 kPa
h2 = 2512 kJ/kg
V2 = 100 m/s
Z2 = 0

V2
g Z1 dQ
V2
g Z2 dW
w1 h1 + 1 +
= w2 h 2 + 2 +
+
+
2000 1000 dt
2000 1000 dt

dW
33.32 9.81 3
1002
or
0.42 2785 +
+
+ 0 +
0.29 = 0.42 2512 +
2000
1000
2000

dt

Q5.3

Solution:

or

1169.655 = 1057.14 +

or

dW
= 112.515 kW
dt

dW
dt

A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing

stream. At the inlet to a certain nozzle, the enthalpy of the fluid passing
is 3000 kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/s. At the discharge end, the
enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is negligible
heat loss from it.
(a) Find the velocity at exists from the nozzle.
(b) If the inlet area is 0.1 m2 and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187
m3/kg, find the mass flow rate.
(c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498 m3/kg, find the exit
area of the nozzle.
(Ans. (a) 692.5 m/s, (b) 32.08 kg/s (c) 0.023 m2)
Find V2 i.e. Velocity at exit from S.F.E.E.
(a )
h1 +

V12
g Z1
V2
gZ2
dQ
dW
+
+
= h2 + 2 +
+
2000 1000 dm
2000 1000 dm
Data for a
1
h1 = 3000 kJ/kg
V1 = 60 m/s

2
h2 = 2762 kJ/kg
For data for c
3
2 v2 = 0.498 m /kg

Data for b
A1 = 0.1 m2 1
v1 = 0.187 m3/kg

Page 43 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

or

dQ
dW
= 0 and
=0
dm
dm
V2
V2
h1 + 1 = h2 + 2
2000
2000
2
2
V2 V1
= ( h1 h2 )
2000
V22 = V12 + 2000 ( h1 h2 )

or

V2 =

Here Z1 = Z2 and

or

602 + 2000 ( 3000 2762 )m / s

( b)

V12 + 2000 ( h1 h 2 )

= 692.532 m / s
AV
Mass flow rate ( w ) = 1 1
v1
0.1 60
kg / s = 32.1kg / s
0.187
Mass flow rate is same so
=

(c )

A 2 692.532
0.498
A 2 = 8.023073 m2

32.0855613 =
or

Q5.4

In oil cooler, oil flows steadily through a bundle of metal tubes

submerged in a steady stream of cooling water. Under steady flow
conditions, the oil enters at 90C and leaves at 30C, while the water
enters at 25C and leaves at 70C. The enthalpy of oil at tC is given by
h = 1.68 t + 10.5 10-4 t2 kJ/kg

Solution:

What is the cooling water flow required for cooling 2.78 kg/s of oil?
(Ans. 1.47 kg/s)
wo (h oi + 0 + 0) + wH2 O (h H2 Oi + 0 + 0) + 0 wo (h o,o + 0 + 0) + wH2 O (h H2 Oo + 0 + 0) + 0

Oil

1
90C

Water

25C
1
wo (h oi h o,o ) = wH2 0 (h H2 Oo h H2 Oi )

2
30C
70C
2

hoi = 1.68 90 + 10.5 104 902 kJ/kg = 159.705 kJ/kg

ho,o = 1.68 30 + 10.5 104 362 kJ/kg = 51.395 kJ/kg

Q5.5

2.78 108.36
kg/s
4.187 (70 25)
= 1.598815 kg/s  1.6 kg/s

WH2o

A thermoelectric generator consists of a series of semiconductor

elements (Figure) heated on one side and cooled on the other. Electric
current flow is produced as a result of energy transfer as heat. In a
Page 44 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

particular experiment the current was measured to be 0.5 amp and the
electrostatic potential at
(1) Was 0.8 volt above that at
(2) Energy transfer as heat to the hot side of the generator was taking
place at a rate of 5.5 watts. Determine the rate of energy transfer as
heat from the cold side and the energy conversion efficiency.

(Ans. Q2 = 5.1 watts, = 0.073)

Q1 = E + Q2

Solution:

Q5.6

or

5.5 = 0.5 0.8 + Q2

or

Q2 = 5.1 watt
5.5 5.1
=
100% = 7.273%
5.5

A turbo compressor delivers 2.33 m3/s at 0.276 MPa, 43C which is heated
at this pressure to 430C and finally expanded in a turbine which
delivers 1860 kW. During the expansion, there is a heat transfer of 0.09
MJ/s to the surroundings. Calculate the turbine exhaust temperature if
changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligible.
(Ans. 157C)

Solution:

t = 93C

C.C.

V1 = 2.33 m3/s ; p1 = 0.276 M Pa ; t = 930C

1

1
dW
= 1860 kW
dt
2

dQ
= 0.09 1000 kJ/s = 90 kW
dt
dQ
dW
= w2 h 2 +
dt
dt
dW dQ
w1 (h1 h2) =

dt
dt
= 1860 (90) = 1950 kW
Page 45 of 265
w1 h1 +

or

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal
p1 V1 =

Or

or

Q5.7

Chapter 5

m1R T1

p1V1
276 kPa 2.33 m3 / s
= 7.091 kg/s
=
RT1
0.287 kJ/ kg 316K
h1 h2 = 275
Cp (t1 t2) = 275
275
t1 t2 =
273.60
1.005
t2 = 430 273.60
= 156.36 C

m1 =

A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3/min at 0.11 MPa, 20C

which it delivers at 1.5 MPa, 111C to an aftercooler where the air is
cooled at constant pressure to 25C. The power absorbed by the
compressor is 4.15 kW. Determine the heat transfer in
(a) The compressor
(b) The cooler
State your assumptions.

(Ans. 0.17 kJ/s, 3.76 kJ/s)

Solution:
(a)

dQ
dW
= w1 h 2 +
dt
dt
dQ
0.0436 (111.555 20.1) 4.15 =

dt
w1 (h1 + 0 + 0) +

dQ
= 0.1622 kW
dt

V1 = 2 m3 /min
p1 = 0.11 MPa
t1 = 20C

i.e. 1622 kW loss by compressor

dW
= 4.15 kW
dt

2
t2 = 111C
p2 = 1.5M Pa
2

3
Cooles
3

n
n
(p2 V2 - p1 V1 ) =
(mRT2 mRT1 )
n -1
n 1
1.4
=
0.0436 0.287(111 20) kW
0.4
= 3.9854 kW

Compressor work =

dQ
= 3.9854 4.15 = 0.165 kW
dt
dQ
For cooler
dt

(b)

Page 46 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

= m cP (t 2 t1 )
= 0.0436 1.005 (111 25) kJ/s
= 3.768348 kW to surroundings

Q5.8

Solution:

In water cooling tower air enters at a height of 1 m above the ground

level and leaves at a height of 7 m. The inlet and outlet velocities are 20
m/s and 30 m/s respectively. Water enters at a height of 8 m and leaves at
a height of 0.8 m. The velocity of water at entry and exit are 3 m/s and 1
m/s respectively. Water temperatures are 80C and 50C at the entry and
exit respectively. Air temperatures are 30C and 70C at the entry and
exit respectively. The cooling tower is well insulated and a fan of 2.25 kW
drives the air through the cooler. Find the amount of air per second
required for 1 kg/s of water flow. The values of cp of air and water are
1.005 and 4.187 kJ/kg K respectively.
(Ans. 3.16 kg/s)
a
Let air required is w1 kg/s
w

Va2
g Z1a
V1w
g Z1w dQ
w
w
+
+
+
w1a h1a + 1 +
h
+

1 1
2000 1000
2000 1000 dt

2
w
V2a 2
g Z2a
V2w
g Z2w dW
a a
w
+
+
= w2 h2 +
+
+ w2 h2 +
2000 1000
2000 1000
dt

dQ
= 0 w1w = w2w = 1 kg/s
w1a = w2a = w (say) and
dt
2

V2 = 30 m/s
t2a = 70C

7m

8m

V1 = 20 m/s
t1a = 30C
1m
cap = 1.005 kJ/kg K

V2 = 1 m/s, t2 = 50C
w
w = w2w = 1 kg/s
0.8 m w 1
cp = 4.187 kJ/kg K
dW
= 2.25 kW
dt

V a V2a
g
(h1 h2a ) + 1
+
( Z1a Z2a )
2000
1000

2
2
w
w

dW
V V1
g
( Z1w Z2w ) +
= (h 2w h1w ) + 2
+
2000
1000

dt
2
2

20 30
9.81
Or w 1.005 (30 70) +
+
(1 7)
2000
1000

Page 47 of 265
2

V1 = 3 m/s, t1 = 80C

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

= 4.187 (50 80) +

12 32 9.81
+
(0.8 8) 2.25
2000 1000

or w 40.509 = 127.9346
127.9346

= 3.1582 kg/s 3.16 kg/s

w=
40.509
Q5.9

Air at 101.325 kPa, 20C is taken into a gas turbine power plant at a
velocity of 140 m/s through an opening of 0.15 m2 cross-sectional area.
The air is compressed heated, expanded through a turbine, and
exhausted at 0.18 MPa, 150C through an opening of 0.10 m2 crosssectional area. The power output is 375 kW. Calculate the net amount of
heat added to the air in kJ/kg. Assume that air obeys the law
pv = 0.287 (t + 273)
Where p is the pressure in kPa, v is the specific volume in m3/kg, and t is
the temperature in C. Take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K.
(Ans. 150.23 kJ/kg)

Solution:

Volume flow rate at inlet (V)1 = V1A1 m3/s = 21 m3/s

p V1
101.325 21
= 25.304 kg/s
Inlet mass flow rate ( w1 ) = 1
=
R T1
0.287 293

Volume flow rate at outlet = (V 2 ) =

w2 RT2
p2

25.304 0.287 423

= 17 m3/s
180

dW
= 375 kW
dt

CC
2

p1 = 101.325 kPa
1
t1 = 20C
V1 = 140 m/s
A1 = 0.15 m2

2 p = 0.18 MPa = 180 kPa

2
t2 = 150C
A2 = 0.1 m2
V2 = 171 m/s

V
17
Velocity at outlet = 2 =
= 170.66 m/s
A2
0.1

Using S.F.E.E.

dQ

dW
V2
V22
w1 h1 + 1 + 0 +
= w2 h 2 +
+ 0 +
2000
2000

dt

dt
w1 = w 2 = w = 25.304 kg/s

V 2 V12 dW
dQ
= w (h 2 h1 ) + 2
+
dt
2000 dt

V 2 V12 dW
= w C p (t2 t1 ) + 2
+
2000 dt

Page 48 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

1712 1402
= 25.304 1.005 (150 20) +
+ 375 kW
2000

= 3802.76 kW

dQ
dQ d t
=
w
dm

3802.76
= 150.28 kJ
kg
25.304

Q5.10

A gas flows steadily through a rotary compressor. The gas enters the
compressor at a temperature of 16C, a pressure of 100 kPa, and an
enthalpy of 391.2 kJ/kg. The gas leaves the compressor at a temperature
of 245C, a pressure of 0.6 MPa, and an enthalpy of 534.5 kJ/kg. There is
no heat transfer to or from the gas as it flows through the compressor.
(a) Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas assuming the
gas velocities at entry and exit to be negligible.
(b) Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas when the gas
velocity at entry is 80 m/s and that at exit is 160 m/s.
(Ans. 143.3 kJ/kg, 152.9 kJ/kg)

Solution:

(a)

V12
g Z1
V22
g Z2
dQ
dW
+
+
= h2 +
+
+
2000 1000 dm
2000 1000 dm
For V1 and V2 negligible and Z1 = Z 2 so
h1 +

dW
= h1 h2 = (391.2 5345) kJ/kg
dm
= 143.3 kJ/kg i.e. work have to give

1
t1 = 16C
p1 = 100 kPa
h1 = 391.2 kJ/kg
1

(b)

Q5.11

2
2
dQ

=0
dt

t2 = 245C
p2 = 0.6 mPa = 600 kPa
h2 = 534.5 kJ/kg

V1 = 80 m/s; V2 = 160 m/s

V 2 V22
dW
So
= (h1 h 2 ) + 1
dm
2000
2
80 1602
= 143.3 +
kJ/kg = (143.3 9.6) kJ/kg
2000
= 152.9 kJ/kg i.e. work have to give

The steam supply to an engine comprises two streams which mix before
entering the engine. One stream is supplied at the rate of 0.01 kg/s with
an enthalpy of 2952 kJ/kg and a velocity of 20 m/s. The other stream is
supplied at the rate of 0.1 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2569 kJ/kg and a
velocity of 120 m/s. At the exit from the engine the fluid leaves as two
Page 49 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Solution:

Chapter 5

streams, one of water at the rate of 0.001 kg/s with an enthalpy of 420
kJ/kg and the other of steam; the fluid velocities at the exit are
negligible. The engine develops a shaft power of 25 kW. The heat
transfer is negligible. Evaluate the enthalpy of the second exit stream.
(Ans. 2402 kJ/kg)
dQ

=0
dt
By mass balance

dW
= 25 kW
dt

w11 = 0.01 kg/s

h11 = 2952 kJ/kg
V11 = 20 m/s

h22 = ?
w22 = ?
V22 = 0

w12 = 0.1 kg/s

h12 = 2569 kJ/kg
V12 = 120 m/s

w21 = 0.001 kg/s

h21 = 420 kJ/kg
V21 = 0

W11 + W12 = W21 + W22

W22 = 0.01 + 0.1 0.001 kg/s = 0.109 kg/s

V2
V 2 dQ
W11 h11 + 11 + W12 h12 + 12 +

2000
2000 dt

dW
= W21 (h 21 ) + W22 h 22 +
dt
2
2

20
120

0.01 2952 +
+ 0.1 2569 +
+0
2000
2000

= 0.001 420 + 0.109 h22 + 25

or
29.522 + 257.62 = 0.42 + 0.109 h22 + 25
or
286.722 = 0.109 h22 + 25
or
h22 = 2401.2 kJ/kg
Q5.12

Solution:

The stream of air and gasoline vapour, in the ratio of 14: 1 by mass,
enters a gasoline engine at a temperature of 30C and leaves as
combustion products at a temperature of 790C. The engine has a
specific fuel consumption of 0.3 kg/kWh. The net heat transfer rate from
the fuel-air stream to the jacket cooling water and to the surroundings is
35 kW. The shaft power delivered by the engine is 26 kW. Compute the
increase in the specific enthalpy of the fuel air stream, assuming the
changes in kinetic energy and in elevation to be negligible.
(Ans. 1877 kJ/kg mixture)
In 1 hr. this m/c will produce 26 kWh for that we need fuel
= 0.3 26 = 7.8 kg fuel/hr.

Mass flow rate of fuel vapor and air mixture

Page 50 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5
dW
= 26 kW
dt

wg=x kg/s
w1=15 x kg/s
o
t2=790 C

t1=30oC
wa=14 x kg/s
dQ
= 35 kW
dt

w1 =

15 7.8
kg/s = 0.0325 kg/s
3600

Applying S.F.E.E.
dQ
dW
w1 h1 +
= w1 h 2 +
dt
dt
dQ dW
or
w1 (h2 h1) =

dt
dt
dQ dW

dt

h 2 h1 = dt
w1
35 26
= 1877 kJ/kg of mixture.
=
0.0325
An air turbine forms part of an aircraft refrigerating plant. Air at a
pressure of 295 kPa and a temperature of 58C flows steadily into the
turbine with a velocity of 45 m/s. The air leaves the turbine at a pressure
of 115 kPa, a temperature of 2C, and a velocity of 150 m/s. The shaft
work delivered by the turbine is 54 kJ/kg of air. Neglecting changes in
elevation, determine the magnitude and sign of the heat transfer per
unit mass of air flowing. For air, take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K and the enthalpy
h = cp t.
(Ans. + 7.96 kJ/kg)

Q5.13

Solution:

V12
V22
dW
dQ
+
+
+
h
= 2
2000 dm
2000 dm
2
2
dQ (h h ) + V2 V1 + dW
or
=
2
1
2000
dm
dm

dW
= 54 kJ/kg
dm

h1 +

150 45
+ 54 kJ/kg
2000
= 56.28 + 10.2375 + 54 kJ/kg
= 7.9575 kJ/kg (have to give to the
system)
= (2.01 58.29) +

Q5.14

p1 = 295 kPa
t1 = 58C
V1 = 45 m/s

h1 = CPt
1
= 1.005 58
= 58.29 kJ/kg

2 p2 = 115 kPa
t2 = 2C
z 1 = z2
V2 = 150 m/s
2 h2 = 2.01 kJ/kg

In a turbo machine handling an incompressible fluid with a density of

1000 kg/m3 the conditions of the fluid at the rotor entry and exit are as
given below:
Inlet
Exit
Pressure
1.15 MPa
0.05 MPa
Velocity
30 m/s
Page 51 of 265 15.5 m/s

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5

Height above datum

10 m
2m
If the volume flow rate of the fluid is 40 m3/s, estimate the net energy
transfer from the fluid as work.
(Ans. 60.3 MW)
Solution:
By S.F.E.E.
p
dQ
p
dW
V2
V2
w 1 + 1 + g Z1 +
= w 2 + 2 + g Z2 +
2
2
dt

dt

1
p1 = 1.15 M Pa
= 1150 kPa
V1 = 30 m/s
z1 = 10 m

1
p2 = 0.05MPa
= 50 kPa
V2 = 15.5 m/s
z2 = 2 m

2
datum

Flow rate = 40 m3/s 40 1000 kg/s = w (say)

Or

1150
302
9.81 10
40000
+
+
+0
1000
1000 2000
p p2 V12 V22

dW
= 40000 1
+
+ g( Z1 Z2 )
2
dt

2
2
1150 50 30 15.5
9.81 (10 2)
+
+
= 40000
kW
2000
1000
1000

= 60.3342 MW

Q5.15

Solution:

A room for four persons has two fans, each consuming 0.18 kW power,
and three 100 W lamps. Ventilation air at the rate of 80 kg/h enters with
an enthalpy of 84 kJ/kg and leaves with an enthalpy of 59 kJ/kg. If each
person puts out heat at the rate of 630 kJ/h determine the rate at which
heat is to be removed by a room cooler, so that a steady state is
maintained in the room.
(Ans. 1.92 kW)
dQperson
4 630
kJ/s = 0.7 kW
= +
dt
3600
dQelectic
3 100
kW = 0.66 kW
= + 0.18 2 +
dt
1000
dQ
= 1.36 kW

dt

Page 52 of 265

First Law Applied to Flow Process

By: S K Mondal

Chapter 5
Electric

Man

w1 = 80 kg/hr

1
kg/s
45
h1 = 84 kJ/kg

w 2 = 1 kg/s

45
h2 = 59 kJ/kg

For steady state

dQ
dW
w1 h1 +
= w2 h 2 +
dt
dt
dW
dQ
1
(84 59) + 1.36 kW
= w1 h1 w2 h 2 +
=

dt
45
dt
= 1.9156 kW
Q5.16

Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.4 kg/s through an air compressor,
entering at 6 m/s with a pressure of 1 bar and a specific volume of 0.85
m3/kg, and leaving at 4.5 m/s with a pressure of 6.9 bar and a specific
volume of 0.16 m3/kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 88 kJ/kg
greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in a jacket
surrounding the cylinder absorbs heat from the air at the rate of 59 W.
Calculate the power required to drive the compressor and the inlet and
outlet cross-sectional areas.
(Ans. 45.4 kW, 0.057 m2, 0.0142 m2)

Solution:

By S.F.E.E.

dQ

dW
V2
V22
= w2 u2 + p2 v 2 +
+ 0 +
w1 u1 + p1 v1 + 1 + 0 +
2000
2000

dt

dt
2
2

V V2 dQ
dW
Or
= (u1 u2 ) + (p1 v1 - p2 v 2 ) + 1
+
dt
2000 dt

= 0.4 [ 88 + 85 110.4 + 0.0076] 0.059

= 45.357 0.059
= 45.416 kW [have to give to compressor]

dQ
= 59 W
dt
w1 = 0.4 kg/s
V1 = 6 m/s
p1 = 1 bar = 100 kPa
v1 = 0.85 m3/kg
u1 = ?

w1 =
w2 =

A 2 V2
v2

A1 V1
v1
A2 =

A1 =

w2 = 0.4 kg/s = W1
V2 = 4.5 m/s
p2 = 6.9 bar = 690 kPa
v2 = 0.16 m3/kg
u2 = u1 + 88 kJ/kg

w1 v1
0.4 0.85
= 0.0567 m2
=
6
V1

w2 v 2
0.4 0.16
= 0.01422 m2
=
4.5
V2
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Page 54 of 265