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Making Presentations
Sometimes you must make a presentation to an audience and will probably feel anxious about it.
However be confident. Adrenalin sharpens your abilities. Anxieties are eased with practice as
and you develop your verbal and non-verbal communication skills. If you have done your
preparation - you will know more than your audience.
Planning, preparation and practice are crucial.

Planning a Talk involves

Deciding what you want to talk to the audience about (clear objectives)

Considering what your audience will want to get out of it (the results)

Considering what you will want to get out of it (your results particularly if the
presentation is being assessed)

The points will you want to put over - the main headings and components points and their
sequence

How these points can be put over best?

Preparation includes

scheduling your artwork, slide and /or handout preparation

obtaining/rehearsing with OHP, equip't. Checking screen, room layout etc.

inviting members of audience eg your client.

Sequencing your ideas Use a similar structure as for planning an essay introduction, main body,
conclusion/summary, but remember you need to make contact with your audience to gain and
maintain their interest. Try and involve them, you will enjoy yourself more and so will they.

use prompt cards or the Presentation outline form,

use you OHP slides to structure and sequence your talk

Don't write out the talk. Reading from a script kills your voice and blocks contact with
your audience!

Beginning

Be yourself: enthusiasm and interest are infectious

Involve the audience - look at them. Use your natural presence.

Don't talk to the wall or to your shoes. Nervousness is a feeling - it usually doesn't show.

Take a calm sip of water. Smile.

Remember

Don't be obsequious or fauning (too much thanks and praise of your audience).

Get confidence from your preparation but beware of TOO MUCH preparation.

Get the audience attention - introduce yourself and your topic. Apply the rule

First you tell 'em what you're gonna tell 'em

Then you tell 'em
Then you tell 'em what you've told 'em
Outline the talk - what is it about and what will be the main structure. Note any treats in
store or questions which may raise
Above all make the beginning clear.

Apply the KISS principle (keep it simple - stupid). Don't hurry - start and continue at an
even pace.

Decide on taking questions during or after the talk. Explain this and stick to it politely
and reasonably

The Middle

Remember how people absorb information and get tired.

Change the cadences of your voice.

Involve the audience with your smile.

Use your visual and other media to provide sequence and structure.

Plan your timing - allow enough time. Don't rush when you are over-running SUMMARISE and STOP. Any matters not covered can be the subject of questions.

Use of Media
Visual materials will illustrate the points you are making. Plan to use flip-charts and OHP slides
handouts -before, during or after the talk models experiments discussion - large or small groups
questions
The Overhead Projector (0HP) is useful for this:

AVOID putting too much information on an OHP slide

ensure the "point" size of text can be

your slides should ne clean, no spelling errors etc

DON'T use too many

seen by your audience

Watch how other people use the 0HP and learn from them.

Question/Answer Stage

Change your position, move towards your audience but maintain eye contact with
everyone.

Ask for comments and seek clarification if you do not understand a question.

Bring your audience into the discussion and control the discussion questioning to keep
questions broadly on the subject

If you really don't know the answer to a question - - SAY SO - note the question and
agree that you will bring an answer to the question subsequently.

To close the questioning session ask for one or two final questions

Wind Up
Summarise the outline of the talk. Finish on a high note.

Assessment of Presentations
Ensure you know what assessment criteria are being used and the standard required (e.g.

Novice Semester 1 Level or

Professional Semester 4/6.

Many of the criteria are indicated above - note assessment of the following

content of the presentation - the facts and critical issues raised.

Their sequence, explanation and the logic of the argument. The content reveals the depth
of investigation and familiarity with the subject matter.

Skill of presentation itself.

Your public speaking skills: pace, voice (projection and cadence), your gestures
and irritants

ability to communicate to an audience.

Building of rapport, projection of warmth, confidence

handling of questions.

Use of media aids to deliver your session

Some key points of assessment may emerge from processes you generate in the presentation e.g.
your creativity and sensitivity to the audience. Be aware of who is in the audience and their
critical focus .

Team Presentations
If you are asked to make a team presentation

co-ordinate your activities to ensure that the presentation is a team effort and not a series,
of individual presentations. Appoint an anchor person.

prepare your stage. Ensure all team members have a seat. Rehearse each person's use of
the OHP. Stress that non-active team members should avoid Pffaffing! Agree a 'you're
time is up' signal.

GET EVERYONE THERE!. There will be an expectation that each member's

contribution in preparation and in the presentation itself can be clearly identified and is
sufficient for an assessment to be made.

Peter's Placebo:

An ounce of image is worth of a pound of performance.

Select Your Content

audience, not yourself tell them what they need to know, not all you

Analyze Your Audience

Put yourself in the audience's shoes - try to understand your listener's level of understanding, th
reality, and anticipate what they want to know. Once you know what your audience wants, you

know!

how to "sell" the benefits of your topic to them.

Set Your Goal and Keep It Before You

Decide what it is you would like to happen as a result of your presentation. The four main goals
communication are to inform, to request for an action, to
build relationship. Decide which of these goals you are
achieve. Let your listeners know what you want them to do
beginning of your talk and again at the end. Present your basic idea and give them an outline of y
that would lead you and your audience to the desired result.

Do Your Homework

Research your topic speak about something you have earned the right to talk about through e
study. Anticipate questions, and make sure you have the facts to answer them.

"Develop reserve power", advised Dale Carnegie, "assemble a hundred thoughts around your
discard ninety... Always prepare so that you are ready for any emergency such as a change of e
of the previous speaker's remarks or a well-aimed question from the audience in the discussion
following your talk... This will give you reserve power, the power that makes people sit up and
Seize every opportunity to practice no professional in any field performs without practicing.
time in front of a group is your showcase.

How to Keep Your Audience Interested1

on has to be terrific and up-to-date. You have to prepare thoroughly.

on't pay attention to these items, you can lose the interest of your

eye contact.

dy language.

you're happy to be there.

around. Avoid using podiums.

your audience what you tell them.

re using flip charts, use two.

t your information instead of reading your notes.

Plan Your Format and Delivery

How you give your talk can be more important than what you say. Whenever possible speak fr
you have a formal written speech to deliver, use a marking system in the text to guide your del

Making a Powerful First Impression

The audience will make decisions about you from your first appearance, your words and the so
voice. You can't make a first impression twice. Plan your opening sentences and practice them
mirror. Use short sentences. Keep technical information at a minimum. Grab attention with a jo
interesting fact, a short anecdote, a quotation, a positive statement, a provocative question... so
designed to arouse curiosity and get the audience looking and listening to you.

How To Present with Passion

The Power of Passion

No matter what you are, we are all in sales. Selling is a transfer of emotions. When yo
your listeners sense how strongly you believe in what you're saying? If you want peop
their undivided attention and feel compelled to heed your advice, they must hear and
unwavering commitment to your message... More

Manage Expectations
Communication is a two-way street. Before you begin your

sual-aids.

our activities and presentation modes.

presentation, be sure your participants know what to expect. They will arrive with some precon
Your advance communication about your presentation needs to be clear to set the perceptions r
no confusion or disappointment.

Do More than Lecture

e audience involved.

There's nothing wrong with lecturing, as long as you realize the limitations. Lecturing is a way
information verbally and is teacher/trainer focused. The facilitator speaks and the learners liste
become easily bored and inattentive.

ood listener.

rself.

Short lectures or verbal presentations of information need to be enhanced and supported with v
activities directly related to the information being presented. In the classroom, the teacher can
information by assigning extra study or independent practice. In a workshop, activities are mor
small groups, games, buzz sessions, guided practice, role play, brainstorming. The idea is to
learners and stimulate them to participate in their own learning.
Provide for every type of learner visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Provide for everyone with
hear and do. You'll stimulate your learners, whether in the classroom or meeting room. They'll
learn more and retain it longer.1

The 10 Key Project Leader Skills

Creating a Sustainable Culture of Innovation
An 8-Step Process

Selling skills. The ability to promote and sell the project both within and o
organization. Presentation skills... More

How To Make an Effective Venture Presentation

the Garden: Train your workforce in the art and science of

By Terry Collison

skillful presentations... More

The history of venture financing is littered with the carcasses of truly worthy companies that ju
through financing.

Effective Format of Presentation

Venture Financing Process

ational opening. You must make a powerful first impression, inspire

se curiosity. Promise to tell the audience how they can get something
t. Lift your visor. Grab attention with an interesting fact, a provocative
a joke, a short anecdote, or an inspiring quotation.

uction. You must manage expectations. Before you begin your

ion, be sure your participants know what to expect. Set the tone and the
ell them how they will benefit from listening to your presentation...

Thats why Im so dedicated to giving entrepreneurs the keys to a potential investor

You must plan your pitch based on an awareness of how the investor is likely to be th

Then you must communicate to the investor that you intend to present your information in a w
the investor assess whether this opportunity represents a "fit" with the investors interests an
(notice: I didnt phrase that in terms of "whether or not this is a good investment")..

Confidence is the Key...

Plan the Parts of Your Presentation...
Our Brain Cannot Accept a Message When It:

Keep Your Audience's Attention...

Using Videos...

enough or the right kind of information

frame of reference

le to find a familiar hook to connect the new information to the current

mind

onnect the parts of what it's hearing as it has not been provided with an
resentation structure