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    Review Propagating Error

    Uploaded by

    Ng Swee Loong Steven
    1. The document discusses rules for propagating error in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and combinations. It provides examples of calculating absolute and relative uncertainties and combining relative uncertainties. 2. It includes practice problems calculating densities, concentrations, speeds, distances, quantities of heat, and numbers of moles given measurements with associated uncertainties. 3. The problems cover addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and combinations of operations with uncertainties in lengths, masses, volumes, temperatures, times and other variables. Solutions show propagating uncertainties through calculations to the final answer.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Review Propagating Error

    Uploaded by

    Ng Swee Loong Steven
    186 views8 pages
    1. The document discusses rules for propagating error in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and combinations. It provides examples of calculating absolute and relative uncertainties and combining relative uncertainties. 2. It includes practice problems calculating densities, concentrations, speeds, distances, quantities of heat, and numbers of moles given measurements with associated uncertainties. 3. The problems cover addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and combinations of operations with uncertainties in lengths, masses, volumes, temperatures, times and other variables. Solutions show propagating uncertainties through calculations to the final answer.

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    Uncertainty

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    1. The document discusses rules for propagating error in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and combinations. It provides examples of calculating absolute and relative uncertainties and combining relative uncertainties. 2. It includes practice problems calculating densities, concentrations, speeds, distances, quantities of heat, and numbers of moles given measurements with associated uncertainties. 3. The problems cover addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and combinations of operations with uncertainties in lengths, masses, volumes, temperatures, times and other variables. Solutions show propagating uncertainties through calculations to the final answer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    186 views8 pages

    Review Propagating Error

    Uploaded by

    Ng Swee Loong Steven
    1. The document discusses rules for propagating error in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and combinations. It provides examples of calculating absolute and relative uncertainties and combining relative uncertainties. 2. It includes practice problems calculating densities, concentrations, speeds, distances, quantities of heat, and numbers of moles given measurements with associated uncertainties. 3. The problems cover addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and combinations of operations with uncertainties in lengths, masses, volumes, temperatures, times and other variables. Solutions show propagating uncertainties through calculations to the final answer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Review:

    Significant Figures, Error and Uncertainty

    Propagating Error: Rules

    

    1.Addition and Subtraction: Add absolute Uncertainties

    2. Multiplication and Division


    For example
    Then

    a) First find the relative uncertainty of each factor, or the percentage relative
    uncertainty, %:

    Or it may be expressed as a percentage

    b) Add the relative Uncertainties to give the relative uncertainty of C

    c) Convert the Relative Uncertainty of C back to absolute uncertainty (by


    multiplying by C)

    3.Multiplying or Dividing by a Pure Number


    Multiply or divide the uncertainty by that number.
    E.g.

    Note: ONLY report uncertainties to 1 significant digit. Very important!


    Examples: Right: 153.0 0.8
    Right: 150. 4
    Also (1.50 0.04) x 102

    Wrong: 220 0.1


    Wrong: 220 2.5

    Wrong: 147 10
    Wrong: 556.8540.01

    Practice Exercises
    1.
    Change the following absolute uncertainties to relative (%) uncertainties.
    a) 36.02 0.02 m

    

    b) 4.1 0.1 cm

    c) 17.83 0.01g

    d) 2.45 0.01 kg

    e) 123.95 0.05 L

    2.

    Convert the following percentage error to absolute error.

    a) 43.00 0.2%

    b) 8.32 3%

    c) 1.098 0.1%

    d) 15.5 5

    Significant Figures, Error and Uncertainty


    1.

    Propagate the error in the following calculations:


    a)

    

    b)

    c)

    d)

    e)

    f)

    Problems:
    1) Calculate the density given the following:
    Mass = 1.23 0.01g V = 0.56 0.05 cm3

    

    Answer: 2.2 0.2 g/cm3

    2) Calculate the density with the following dimensions:


    L= 3.42 0.05 cm, W = 1.2 0.2 cm, H = 54.85 0.02 cm, mass =153 2 g

    Answer: 0.7 0.1 g/cm3

    3) Calculate the concentration in g/L of a sodium chloride solution using the


    following data:
    mass of beaker + NaCl = 241.85 0.01 g,
    mass of empty beaker = 159.23 0.01 g,
    volume of water = 250. 1 mL

    Answer: 330. 1g/L

    More practice problems, very exciting!


    1. a) Determine the volume:
    L = 3.50 0.01cm,

    H = 3.53 0.01cm,

    W = 3.55 0.01cm

    

    Answer: 43.9 0.9%

    b) If the mass of the cube in 1(a) above is 125.52 0.01g, what is the density?

    Answer: 2.860.03g/cm^3

    2. Calculate the density of an object which has the following measurements:


    Mass = 20.28 0.02 g, volume = 24.01 0.01 mL

    Answer: 0.845 0.001 g/mL

    3. Calculate the speed of an object if the distance travelled is 200.000.01m in


    21.99 0.01 s. (Recall: distance = speed x time)

    Answer: 9.10 0.05 m/s

    4. A car travels at a speed of 100. 5 km/hr for 3.2 0.1hours. What is the distance
    travelled?

    Answer: 320 30km

    5.

    Calculate the quantity of heat absorbed, , by


    of water, having an
    initial temperature of
    and a final temperature of

    Use specific heat capacity of water,

    

    Use

    mass

    specific heat capacity

    6.

    (Answer:

    Calculate the number of moles,


    following data:
    Mass of paper

    of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, given the

    mass of sodium hydroxide

    Mass of paper
    Molar mass of NaOH
    Use:

    (Answer:

    Division Problems: (Very Exciting!)


    1. Complete the following, determining the appropriate uncertainty:
    a) (12.02 0.08 cm) (16 s 8 %)

    

    b) (3.5 cm 10 %) (2.70 0.05 cm) (16 s 8 %)

    c) (12.02 0.08 cm) 2 (3.5 cm 10 %)

    d) (12.02 0.08 cm) 2 + (3.5 cm 10 %) (2.70 0.05 cm)

    e) [(3.5 cm 10%) + (2.70 0.05 cm)] / (16 s 8%)

    f) 4p2/ (0.034 0.004 cm/s2 )

    2. Determine the perimeter and area of a rectangle of length 9.2 0.05 cm and width
    4.33 0.01 cm.

    3. A block of wood measures (12.0 0.5 cm) by (25.1 0.1 cm) by (62 1 cm). If it has
    a mass of (9.60 kg 5%), what is its density?

    

    Answers
    1. a) 0.75 cm/s 9% = 0.75 0.07 cm/s
    b) 0.59 cm2/s 20% = 0.59 0.12 cm2/s = 0.6 0.1 cm2/s
    c) 41 cm2 10% = 41 4 cm2
    d) 154 3 cm2
    e) either 0.39 cm/s 15% or 0.39 cm/s 20%, and if you convert to absolute, youll get
    either 0.39 0.06 cm/s or 0.39 0.08 cm/s, depending on when you did your rounding.
    f) 1161.13 cm/s2 10 % = 1200 100 cm/s2
    2. P = 27.1 0.1 cm
    A = 39.8 cm2 0.8 % = 39.8 0.3 cm2 (use precision of uncertainty to decide on
    precision of answer)
    3. m = 9.60 kg 5%
    w = 12.00.5 cm = 0.120 m 4.2%
    l = 25.10.1 cm = 0.251 m 0.40%
    h = 621 cm = 0.62 m 1.6%
    V = lwh
    D = m/v = m/lwh
    D = (9.60 kg 5%)/(0.251 m 0.40%)(0.120 m 4.2%)(0.62 m 1.6%)
    D = 514 kg/m3 11.2%
    D = 514 57.5 kg/m3
    D = 510 60 kg/m3

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