Lab Manual: Ee 2305 Electrical Machines Lab Ii
Lab Manual: Ee 2305 Electrical Machines Lab Ii
Lab Manual: Ee 2305 Electrical Machines Lab Ii
com
LABT MANUAL
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TYPE
RANGE QUANTITY
N-m.
Where R is the radius of the brake drum in metre. The mechanical output of the motor is
given by
Pm = 2 * 3.14 * N * T Watt
60
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Where N is the speed of the motor in, RPM. The power input to the motor
Pi = VLIL watt
The efficiency of the motor is given by
Efficiency = Pm / Pi
FORMULA :
Torque,
T = (S1 S2) * 9.81 * r (Nm)
Input power
(Pi) = (W1 + W2) (Watt)
Output power
(Po) = 2 NT / 60 (Watt)
Efficiency
= Po X 100
Pi
Cos = W/(31/2 VLIL)
Slip = (Ns N) / Ns *100
PRECAUTION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR:
Fuse
T
P
S
T
ROT
--
( 0 600)V,MI
OR
415V,50Hz,
3
SUPPLY
M
C
STATOR
L
V
BRAKE
DRUM
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OBSERVATION TABLE :
S.N
O
V (volt)
I (A)
Speed
(rpm)
Spring Balance
Torque
=((S1 S2) *
9.81 * R)
N-m
S1(Kg)
I/P
O/P
2
(V*IL) NT
watt
60
(watt)
S2(Kg)
RESULT :
VIVA QUESTIONS :
induction motor?
1.Explain what is meant by a 3-phase
2.Write the classification of 3-phase induction motor?
3.State the steps to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor?
4.State the condition for maximum torque of 3-phase induction motor?
5.Give the different methods of speed control of I.M.
6.How do you calculate slip speed?
7.State the condition when induction, motor acts as induction generator?
8.Give the other name for induction generator?
Efficiency =
Output Power
Input Power
100
%
%
slip
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APPARATUS
RANGE
TYPE
QUANTITY
FORMLULAE
Cos o=Wo / 3 VoIo
Cos r=Wbr / 3 VbrIbr
Ibm = Ibr (Vo/Vbr)
Wbm = Wbr (Vo/Vbr)2
Stator copper loss = 3 Ibr2Rs
PRECAUTION
1. The 3 autotransformer should be kept at initial position.
2. Initially the machine should be under no load condition.
PROCEDURE
NO LOAD TEST
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. 3 AC supply is increased gradually using 3 autotransformer till rated voltage
is applied.
3. Readings of voltmeter and wattmeter are noted.
2
0
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Fuse
ROTOR
R
T
P
S
T
M
C
-OR
415V,50Hz,
3
SUPPLY
ROT
R
( 0 600)V,MI
STATOR
L
V
BRAKE
DRUM
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NO LOAD TEST
S.No
Vo (V)
Io (A)
Wo (W)
W1 W2
Wo=(W1+W2)
W
Wo (W)
W1 W2
Wo=(W1+W2)
W
Vo (V)
Io (A)
RESULT:
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
Rs = (Vx1.5) /2I
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
NO-LOAD TEST :
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FORMULA :
NO-LOAD TEST :
Wo = VoIo Cos 0
Where, Cos 0 = Wo / VoIo
Iw = Io *Cos 0
I = Io *Sin 0
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST :
Z01 = Vsc / Isc
R01 = Wsc / Isc2
X01 = [Z022 - R022]1/2
Xm = [Zm2 - Rm2]1/2 ;
Xs = [Zs2 - Rs2]1/2 ;
R2 = R01 Rm || Rs
X2 = X01 [Xm || (Xs-Xc)]
NO-LOAD TEST :
PRECAUTION :
DPST switch should be at open position.
2. Auto transformer should be at minimum position.
PROCEDURE :
The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
Get the power supply from the control panel.
Close the DPST switch.
Adjust the auto-transformer to the rated voltage of 1-phase induction motor.
Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.
Bring auto-transformer to minimum voltage position. Switch of the supply.
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Voltage
(volt)
Io
(Amp)
Wo (Watt)
Voltage
(volt)
Io
(Amp)
Wo (Watt)
RESULT :
VIVA QUESTIONS :
What is a 1-phase induction motor?
Write the classification of 1-phase induction motor?
Why do we draw the equivalent circuit of 1-phase induction motor?
What is double-field revolving theory?
Why 1-phase induction, motor is not self starting?
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APPARATUS
RANGE
TYPE
QUANTITY
PRECAUTIONS
1. Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. Alternator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
PROCEDURE
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given by closing the DPST switch.
3. DC motor is started and brought to rated speed by adjusting rheostat.
4. Keeping the TPST open, alternator field rheostat is energized.
5. By varying alternator field rheostat, the field (If) current is varied in steps, and E
(internal emf ) is noted.
6. Above procedure is noted till 125% of rated voltage.
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ZPF
TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR:
3 point
(0 10) A,
starter
A
R
MI
LF A
Fus
e
M
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
D
P
S
T
700
1.5 A
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
A1
N
F1`
F1
D
P
S
T
Neutral
link
STATO
RR
A2
Fus
e
F2
Neutral
link
300V,10A,U
PF
B
F2
F1
L
O
A
D
1000 ,1.5 A
A
(02)A,
MC
V (0
300)V,MI
I
N
D
U
C
T
I
V
E
ROTO
R
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Fuse
LFA
220 V
DC
F1`
SUPPL
Y
700
1.5 A
D
P
S
T
STATO
R
A1
F1
A2
N
B
F2
F1
F2
Y
Neutral
link
Fus
e
220 V
DC
SUPPL
Y
1000 ,1.5 A
( 0 2 ) A , MC
A
ROTO
R
D
P
S
T
Neutral link
FUSE RATING CALCULATION:
125% of the full load current rating.
( 0 10) A,MI
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RESULT
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AIM
To predetermine the regulation of a given 3 alternator at full load condition and
different power by ASA method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.No
APPARATUS
RANGE
TYPE
QUANTITY
PRECAUTIONS
3. Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
4. Alternator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
PROCEDURE
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
7. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
8. Supply is given by closing the DPST switch.
9. DC motor is started and brought to rated speed by adjusting rheostat.
10. Keeping the TPST open, alternator field rheostat is energized.
11. By varying alternator field rheostat, the field (If) current is varied in steps, and E
(internal emf) is noted.
12. Above procedure is noted till 125% of rated voltage.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
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Fus
e
M
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
D
P
S
T
700
1.5 A
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
A1
D
P
S
T
STATO
RR
N
F1`
F1
A2
Fus
e
B
F2
F1
1000 ,1.5 A
A
(02)A,
MC
V (0
300)V,MI
I
N
D
U
C
T
I
V
E
L
O
A
D
ROTO
R
F2
Neutral
link
300V,10A,U
PF
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Fuse
LFA
220 V
DC
F1`
SUPPL
Y
700
1.5 A
D
P
S
T
STATO
R
A1
F1
A2
N
B
F2
F1
F2
Y
Neutral
link
Fus
e
220 V
DC
SUPPL
Y
1000 ,1.5 A
( 0 2 ) A , MC
A
ROTO
R
D
P
S
T
Neutral link
TABULAR COLOUMN
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
S.No
( 0 10) A,MI
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ZPF TEST
S.No Voltage Field Current
(V)
If (A)
Armature
Current (A)
RESULT
APPARATUS
RANGE
TYPE
QUANTITY
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FORMULA USED
1. Synchronous speed (Ns)=120f/p (rpm)
Where f=frequency in Hz
P=no. of poles, calculated by assuming 5% slip
2. % slip =
( Ns Nr) *100
Ns
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RESULT
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RANGE
TYPE
QUANTITY
FORMULA USED
Magnetic Loss = Wo.-mechanical losses-3Io2Rs
Where Wo = wattmeter reading
Io = current at rated voltage
Rs = stator resistance
Mechanical losses are obtained from the graph
PRECATIONS
1. The motor should be at the no load condition while starting.
2. The 3 auto-transformer (variac) should be kept at initial zero position.
PROCEDURE
SEPERATION OF LOSSES
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The 3 A.C supply is given by closing the TPST switch.
3. The induction motor is started gradually by applying voltage through the 3 autotransformer.
4. At rated voltage, power input Wo is measured by using wattmeter and no load
current Io and voltage Vo are noted.
5. Voltage is gradually reduced till the motor continues to run.
6. For each voltage, readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are noted.
MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE (Rs)
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The D.C supply is given through a DPST switch.
3. The loading rheostat is varied, the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are noted.
4. Armature resistance in ohms is calculated as Rs/ph = (V*1.5)/2I
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
FORMULA USED:
EMF Method :
Re = 1.6 * Rs
Where,
Rs - DC resistance and
Re - Equivalent AC resistance
E1/I1 Where
E1 = OC voltage
I1 = SC voltage
Zs = E1(open cicuit voltage) / I1(short circuit current)
Xs = (Zs2 Re2)1/2
Eo = [(Vcos + Ire)2 + (Vsin (+ or -) IXs)2]1/2
Where,
+
sign for lagging Power Factor
- sign for leading Power Factor
% Regulation (up) = [(Eo V)/V] * 100
MMF Method :
If = [ If12 + If22 -2 If1 If2 Cos ( 90 (+ or -) ) + for lagging power factor,
- for leading power factor.
Where,
If1 - Field current corresponding to V1.
If2 - Field current corresponding to Isc
V1 = V+I*Re*Cos
% Regulation (up) = [(Eo V)/V] * 100
Eo - Voltage corresponding to If.
PRECAUTION
1.DC shunt motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position to get
minimum speed at the time of starting.
2.Alternator field rheostat should be in minimum position.
3.DPST and TPST switches should be in open position.
PROCEDURE
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OC Test:
1.Connections are made as per the circuit diagram is obtained.
2.The supply is obtained from control panel.
3.Observing the precautions, DPST switch on motor side is closed.
4.Using 3-point starter, the DC motor is started.
5.Varying the field rheostat of DC shunt motor, it is set to run at rated speed as per name
plate detail.
6.DPST switch in alternator field circuit is closed.
7.Keeping the TPST switch of alternator side open, the field current is varied using the
alternator potential divider. For various values of alternator field current (If), the
generated AC line voltage (EOL) is noted down and the readings are tabulated.
(This should be done upto125% of rated voltage).
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST :
Note:
1.TPST switch, on alternator side is closed.
2.By slowly increasing potential divider from minimum potential position, the values of If
and corresponding Isc values are noted till rated current flows through the alternator.
3.The readings are tabulated.
4.Potential divider is adjusted to original position. [minimum potential position] and
field rheostat on motor side is s\adjusted to minimum resistance position.
5.DPST and TPST switches are opened.
6.The supply is switched off.
OBSERVATION TABLE
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:
If
(A)
V
(volt)
Vph
(volt)
V
(volt)
TABULATION :
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SI.NO
No-load
Voltage (volt)
E0
Terminal
Voltage (volt)
%Regulation=
[(Eo-V)/V]*100
MODEL CALCULATION
EMF Method :
Re = 1.6 * ______ Ohm
Where,
Rs - DC resistance and
Re - Equivalent AC resistance
Zs = __(open cicuit voltage) / __(short circuit current)
Xs = (__2 __2)1/2
Eo = [(___*_____*____+ ___)2 + (____*____ (+ or -) ____)2]1/2
Where,
+ sign for lagging Power Factor
- sign for leading Power Factor
% Regulation (up) =[ (__ __)/]*100
=-
MMF Method :
If = [ ___2 + ___2 - 2 *___* ___* Cos ( 90 (+ or -) ___ ) + for lagging power factor, - for
leading power factor.
Where,
If1 - Field current corresponding to V1.
If2 - Field current corresponding to Isc
V1 - V+IRecos
% Regulation (up) = [(__ __)/__] *100
Eo - Voltage corresponding to If.
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RESULT :
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EX.NO.10. LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM :
To determine the performance characteristics of 3-phase squirrel cage induction
motor by direct loading.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SI NO APPARATUS REQUIRED
TYPE
RANGE QUANTITY
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OBSERVATION TABLE :
S.N
O
V (volt)
I (A)
Speed
(rpm)
Spring Balance
S1(Kg)
S2(Kg)
Torque
=((S1 S2) *
9.81 * R)
I/P
O/P
2
(V*IL) NT
N-m
watt
60
(watt)
Efficiency =
Output Power
Input Power
100
%
%
slip
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RESULT :
Thus the load test on three phase Induction Motor is verified experimentally.
VIVA QUESTIONS :
1.Explain what is meant by a 3-phase induction motor?
2.Write the classification of 3-phase induction motor?
3.State the steps to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor?
4.State the condition for maximum torque of 3-phase induction motor?
5.Give the different methods of speed control of I.M.
6.How do you calculate slip speed?
7.State the condition when induction motor acts as induction generator?
8.Give the other name for induction generator?