AIM R16 WS02 Rear Spoiler
AIM R16 WS02 Rear Spoiler
AIM R16 WS02 Rear Spoiler
This tutorial demonstrates how to perform a fluid analysis using ANSYS AIM.
In this tutorial you will learn how to
Launch ANSYS AIM.
Import the geometry.
Create a computational mesh.
Set up the simulation which includes setting the material properties and boundary conditions.
Calculate a solution.
Examine the results.
2.1. Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you have limited experience with ANSYS AIM so each step will be explicitly
described.
2.3.1. Preparation
1.
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2.
Note
Clean up the geometry before using it.
From the Windows Start menu, select Start > All Programs > ANSYS 16.0 > ANSYS AIM 16.0 to start a
new ANSYS AIM session.
The ANSYS AIM application window will appear. The various Simulation Process Templates are
displayed in the Study panel at the left. The Help window is displayed on the right-hand side. It
contains links to instructional videos and the Help menu. The Workflow tab is displayed at the
bottom.
2.
3.
4.
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You can see in the Tree Outline that one of the Body Transformation operation, Rotate is
parameterized.
b.
Close DesignModeler.
You can see in the Project Schematic that a Parameter Set has been added.
5.
You will use this geometry as an input for AIM. Drag the Geometry cell (2) to the Study cell (2). A connection is formed.
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2.3.3. Geometry
1.
Right-click on the Import cell in the Workflow tab, and select Update. The fluid volume from DesignModeler is imported in ANSYS AIM and displayed in the graphics area.
2.
2.3.4. Mesh
1.
Now you need to mesh the geometry. You can do this by either:
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Clicking on Add > Meshing in the Geometry panel under Connected Tasks.
RMB in the graphics window and clicking on Add Next Task > Meshing.
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2.
3.
4.
Move the slider bar for Mesh resolution towards High as shown in Figure 2.1: Mesh Panel (p. 6).
This will result in a better mesh.
Figure 2.1: Mesh Panel
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Under Common Inflation Settings select Layer compression from the list of Collision avoidance.
Note
Stair stepping which was selected by default will create some pyramid elements and
you would like to prevent pyramid elements.
6.
Click on Add next to Mesh Controls under Objects. Select Inflation from the drop-down list.
Note
Inflation is to get a resolution of the boundary layer. In fluid dynamics you need to resolve
the boundary layer.
a.
Right-click in the graphics window, and click on Select All. This will select all the faces of the fluid
volume and geometry. Now deselect the faces of the cuboid volume by holding down the control
(Ctrl) key.
Note
Inflation will be on the mounting foot of the support plate. This is done to prevent
stair stepping.
b.
c.
Select Last aspect ratio from the Inflation option drop-down list.
d.
e.
7.
Return to Mesh in the navigation bar. You can see that it is Out-of-date now since the sizing is changed.
8.
Generate the mesh by clicking on the Generate Mesh button (with a lightning bolt) in the panel (top and
next to Output), or Workflow tab or you can right-click and select Generate Mesh from the context
menu.
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Figure 2.2: Mesh
As you see the mesh has inflation layers and is reasonably good.
9.
Click on Statistics under Output. You can see that the Number of nodes is about 2.05 E+05 and the
Number of elements is about 8.58E+05. A mesh of this size is appropriate for a tutorial to give good
results. You might want to have a finer resolution mesh in reality.
2.3.5. Physics
Add a Physics task. You can do this by either:
Clicking on Mesh > Add Next > Physics Solution in the Workflow tab.
Clicking on Add >Physics Solution in the Mesh panel under Connected Tasks.
RMB in the graphics window and selecting Add Next Task > Physics Solution.
In the Physics panel you will start by defining the Physics Region.
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1.
2.
b.
c.
Click Apply.
Return to Physics panel. Click on Add button next to Material Assignments under Objects, and click
on New using from the list.
Note
Material is important because some of the default settings will depend on the material
selection. If it is compressible or incompressible or structural or fluid or solid.
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3.
a.
b.
Return to Physics panel. Now you will add boundary conditions. To add boundary condition click on Add
next to Boundary Conditions and select Inlet from the list.
a.
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b.
Right-click in the graphics window. Select Add > Boundary Conditions > Inlet from the context
menu.
c.
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4.
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d.
Enter 80 m s^1 for Magnitude. This is the speed of the air at the inlet.
e.
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a.
Right-click in the graphics window. Select Add > Boundary Conditions > Outlet from the context
menu.
b.
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5.
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c.
Enter 0 Pa for Gauge static pressure. (The gauge pressure is set to 1 atmosphere).
d.
Select the three remaining faces of the cuboid except the symmetry plane as shown in Figure 2.5: Faces
Selected for Opening Boundary Condition (p. 15).
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a.
Right-click in the graphics window. Select Add > Boundary Conditions > Opening from the context
menu.
Here the air is allowed to flow in and out.
6.
b.
c.
Enter 0 Pa for Gauge entrainment pressure. (The gauge pressure is set to 1 atmosphere).
d.
Now select the face which includes the spoiler face as shown in Figure 2.6: Symmetry Faces Selection (p. 16).
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Figure 2.6: Symmetry Faces Selection
7.
Right-click in the graphics window. Select Add > Boundary Conditions > Symmetry from the context
menu.
Now you need to set the base of the spoiler as a wall. Select the face on the base as shown in Figure 2.7: Mounting Face of the Spoiler (p. 16).
This is the mounting foot of the spoiler unit.
Figure 2.7: Mounting Face of the Spoiler
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Right-click in the graphics window. Select Add > Boundary Conditions > Wall from the context
menu.
b.
8.
9.
Click on Add next to Boundary Conditions and select Wall from the list that appears. Now all the
remaining elements the geometry which are not defined, will be defined as wall.
b.
Retain the default selection of No slip from the Option drop-down list under Flow Specification.
Return to Physics panel. Retain the default options under Solver Options.
Now you are ready to solve.
10. The Physics task is now ready to be updated. You can update it by either clicking blue lightning bolt next
to the Out-of-date message near the top of the Physics panel, the blue lightning bolt next to the Output
tab near the bottom of the Physics panel, by selecting Update under the Workflow tab, or by RMB
within the graphics window and selecting Solve Physics from the context menu.
You can see the status in the progress bar. In the Workflow tab you can also review the progress
using the Transcript tab.
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In the transcript you can see:
Number of CPU used for solving
A list of all the boundary conditions
Partitioning factors
Initialization values set by default
Iterations solved and the residuals of continuity, momentum equations, turbulent kinetic energy,
and turbulent frequency.
You can also check the Solution Quality tab which shows the convergence plot.
11. When solving is finished the Physics panel shows the Up-to-date status.
12. Periodically save the project.
Home(
2.3.6. Results
Add a Results task. You can do this by either:
Clicking on Physics cell > Add Next > Results Evaluation in the Workflow tab.
Clicking on Add >Results Evaluation in the Physics panel under Connected Tasks.
RMB in the graphics window and selecting Add Next Task > Results Evaluation.
1.
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In the Results panel click Add next to Results and select Contour from the drop-down list.
a.
b.
c.
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You can hide the other faces to get a better view. To hide a face first ensure that Face Selection
(
) is enabled. Then select the face, RMB and select Hide Face from the context menu. To
see the influence of the support unit, define a plane parallel to the symmetry plane which
goes midway through the spoiler. This will give an undisturbed pressure contour at the wings.
d.
2.
Click on the Y-Axis of the coordinate system to align the view towards this coordinate system.
Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Construction Geometry and select Plane from the list.
a.
In the Plane panel retain the selection of Origin and orientation for Construction method.
b.
Click on the > button next to Origin and Orientation Definition. In the list that opens up click on
Axis 1 > Direction> Vector> Cartesian
c.
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3.
20
d.
Click on the > button next to Transformation. In the list that opens up click on Offset.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Now you will add a velocity magnitude contour on the plane you just created. Return to Results panel.
In the Results panel click Add next to Results and select Contour from the drop-down list.
a.
b.
c.
Click Evaluate. See Figure 2.9: Velocity Magnitude Contours on Plane (p. 21).
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4.
Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Isosurface from the list.
a.
Select Q Criterion from the Velocity drop-down list in the Isosurface panel.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Click Evaluate. See Figure 2.10: Q Criterion Iso Surface (p. 22).
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Figure 2.10: Q Criterion Iso Surface
5.
22
Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Streamline from the list.
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6.
a.
Select Wall 2 from the Seed location drop-down list in the Streamline 1 panel.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Click Evaluate.
Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Contour from the list. You can use the
streamline created to color the streamlines by velocity.
a.
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b.
c.
Click Evaluate. See Figure 2.11: Streamlines Colored by Velocity (p. 24).
Figure 2.11: Streamlines Colored by Velocity
7.
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Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Calculated Value from the list.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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f.
Click Evaluate.
g.
Click on the triangular button next to the resultant Value and click on Create named expression /
value (
8.
) button.
h.
i.
Click Create.
j.
Click on the triangular button next to the resultant Value and click on Parametrize button.
Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Calculated Value from the list.
a.
b.
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c.
d.
e.
f.
Click Evaluate.
g.
Click on the triangular button next to the resultant Value and click on Create named expression /
value (
9.
26
) button.
h.
i.
Click Create.
j.
Click on the triangular button next to the resultant Value and click on Parametrize button.
Now you will be creating a named expression for the pressure coefficient. Click on the > button next to
Study in the navigation bar and select Named Expressions / Values from the drop-down list.
a.
In the Named Expressions / Values panel click on Named Expression from the drop-down list of
Add Named Expression.
b.
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Note
Definition of Pressure is (Absolute Pressure Reference Pressure). Pressure coefficient is this pressure value divided by half of density times the reference velocity
squared.
10. Return to Results panel. Click Add next to Results and select Contour from the list.
a.
b.
c.
Click Evaluate. See Figure 2.12: Pressure Coefficient under the Wings (p. 28).
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Figure 2.12: Pressure Coefficient under the Wings
11. Now you will be creating a named expression for the ratio of down force and drag force. Click on the >
button next to Study in the navigation bar and select Named Expressions / Values from the drop-down
list.
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a.
In the Named Expressions / Values panel click on Named Expression from the drop-down list of
Add Named Expression.
b.
c.
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Note
Since down force is a negative value you have added a minus sign to the expression.
13. Now return to the Workbench Project Schematic by clicking on the Project tab. You can see that the
Parameter Set is now in a closed loop. Double click on the Parameter Set to access Parameter Manager.
a.
In the Outline of Parameters panel, you can now see one Input Parameter and two Output Parameters (DownForce and DragForce), are defined.
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b.
In the Table of Design Points you can see all these in a row. Right click on row DP 0 (Current) and
select Duplicate Design Point from the context menu. Do this one more time.
c.
Note
0.017 radian is approximately equal to 1 degree. So you will be checking how a
change in one degree of the angle of the rear wing on either side affects the drag
and down force. You can add design points of your choice to check the results.
d.
2.4. Summary
With ANSYS AIM interface you can perform a static structural analysis. You learned how to:
1. Set-up a structural analysis in AIM using a template,
2. Import CAD geometry with parameters,
3. Create and modify a mesh,
4. Assign materials from existing libraries,
5. Create and assign new materials,
6. Apply boundary conditions,
7. Solve the analysis,
8. Post-process results, and
9. Assess design changes using design points in the Workbench Parameter Manager.
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.