Air heaters B1L/D1L

Technical Description
Installation instructions
Operating Instructions

J. Eberspacher
Eberspacharstr. 24
D-7300 Essllngen
Telefon (zentral)
(0711) 31 09-0
Telefax
(0711) 3109-500

B1L
Basic heater
with standard equipment

Cat. no.
12V 20 1590 05 00 00

Universal installation kit

20 1575 80 00 00

D1L
Basic heater
with standard equipment

Cat. no.
12 V 25 1384 05 00 00 24V 25
1385 05 00 00
12V 25 1637 05 00004)
24 V 25 1638 05 00004)

Air heaters independent of engine

B1L for petrol
D 1 L for diesel
Specifications
Heating medium
Air
Hot air throughput1)
100 kg/h 10
(without counter-pressure)
Heating capacity1)

1800 W 10 11/0

Fuel
(see also page 10)

B1L: Gasoline,
(Commercial grade)
D1L: Diesel fuel,
(Commercial grade)

Fuel consumption1)

B1L: 0.24 I/h 5%

D1L: 0.21 1/h 5

Rated voltage

12 V or 24 V

Operating range:

Universal installation kit

Control elements (to be ordered separately, see page 2). See

Additional Equipment Catalog for other accessories.
Ventilation

Possible with suitable circuits

Degree of radio interference suppression

Remote; additional
interference suppression
measures possible

Weight approx.. 3 kg
1)

Lower voltage limits

Upper voltage limit3)

10 V or 20 V
14 V or 28 V

Electrical power
consumption1)

B1L
at start 200W10%
operating 40 W 10
D1L
at start 12 V = 260 W 10
24V=500W10%
operating 40 VV 10%

at rate voltage

2)

an undervoltage safety device built into the control unit

switches off the heaters when at approx.. 10.5 V and 21 V
respectively.

3)

an overvoltage safety device built into the control

unit switches off the heaters when at approx. 15 V and 30 V
respectively.

4)
2)

20 1575 80 00 00

with glow plug current regulator

Contents

Page

Scope of delivery/Cat. No
Official regulations
Installation instructions
Typical installations/installation location
Installing the heater
Principal dimensions
Permissible installation positions/Fastening methods
Running the heating air/determination of rating
Running the combustion air
Running the exhaust
Fuel supply
Fuel at low temperatures
Electrics/Wiring diagrams
Description of operation
Malfunctions

2,3
4
4
4, 5
5
5
6
7
8
8
9, 10
10
11-16
17, 18
18

Control elements, optional

Item
B1L

Qty.

Design/Cat. No

1-4

Basic heater with standard equipment

12 V 20 1590 05 00 00
(Optional control elements)

Standard equipment comprises:

1
1
Basic heater 20 1593 01 (12 V)
(not available alone)
2
1
Control unit
3
1
Fuel metering pump
with built-in fuel filter
4
3
T-piece6x6,8x6,12x6

Cat. No.
12V 25 1482 89 25 00
24V 251483891000
Fasteners
(only required for installation
with screen)
Cat. No.
2514827001 00

Timer with fasteners

12V
24V

Scope of delivery:

D1L
1-4

Timer

Basic heater with standard equipment

12 V 25 1384 05 00 00
24 V 25 1385 05 00 00
12 V 25 1637 05 00 00
24 V 25 1638 05 00 00

Cat. No.
25 1482 89 19 00
25 1483 89 02 00

Universal switch
Cat. No.
25 1 380 89 04 00
Bulb
12V 207 00 005
24V 207 00 006

Room thermostat
Standard equipment comprises:
1
1
Basic heater
25 1384 01 (12V), 25 1385 01 (24V)
25 163701 (12V), 25 1638 01 (24V)
(not available alone)
2
1
Control unit
3
1
Fuel metering pump
with built-in fuel filter
4
3
T-piece 6 x 6, 8 x 6, 1 2 x 6
and additionally to be ordered for 1131 L and D 1 L
5
-

1
1

Set of connectors
Universal install kit

25 1 380 89 05 00
20 1 575 80 00 00

black
brown

Cat. No.
25 1 557 8001 00
25 1 557 8007 00

Approval, official regulations, general

1. For vehicles registered in West Germany (subject to the road traffic
regulations StVZO), the heaters are approved by the Federal Motor
Vehicle Office and receive an official test symbol (131 L ~ S 133, D1
L A V S 146) indicated on the name plate).
The year of first operation is a requirement of German approval not
representing a model number.

6. The proposed installations in the installation instructions are only

examples. Other installation locations are also permissible, provided
they comply with the general installation requirements: the
manufacturer should be consulted if necessary- In all other respects,
differences from the installation instructions, particularly with regard
to wiring (wiring diagrams), fuel supply, combustion air and exhaust
ducts, and use of operating and control elements not supplied by the
manufacturer, are only permissible with the written approval of the
manufacturer. Failing that, the manufacturer's warranty is null and
void for the entire heater system, as is the general operating permit.
7. Every combustion process generates exhaust gas, which has toxic
constituents. Because of this and the high temperatures generated,
the exhaust duct must comply without fail with the installation
instructions. Failure to comply with the instructions or operation of
the heater in closed rooms (garages) harbours the risk of poisoning.
8. When the heater or the heating system is damaged, an authorized
workshop must be called in to repair the damage in an expert
manner and using genuine spare parts.
Makeshift repairs (on one's own initiative) or the use of non-genuine
spare parts are dangerous, and therefore not permitted. When
carried out in cars, they invalidate the general design approval of the
heater and consequently the general permit of the vehicle.
9. The warranty conditions are set forth in the heater booklet given to
you by the after-sales service workshop when the heater is installed.
Only our warranty conditions shall apply.

2.If the heater is installed in special-purpose vehicles (e. g. vehicles

transporting dangerous cargoes), the regulations applicable to such
vehicles must be observed.
3. The heater must not be operated in closed rooms, e.g. garages.
The heater must always be switched off when the petrol tank is to
be filled.
4. The heaters must be installed by a workshop approved by the
manufacturer and in compliance with the installation instructions.
5. The heaters may only be used for the purpose specified by the
manufacturer and in compliance with the operating instructions
supplied with every heater.
Operating the heater is not permitted where inflammable vapours or
dust can build up (e.g. near fuel, coal or sawdust stores, grain silos
etc.).
Spray cans and gas cartridges in the vehicle must be kept out of the
heating air current.

Installation Instructions
The suggestions put forward in these installation instructions are only examples. Possibilities other than those illustrated (e. g.
with regard to the choice of installation location, means of running air) are also permissible, provided they meet the requirements
of the West German road traffic regulations (StVZO), and if necessary after consultation with the manufacturer.

Typical installations/installation location

In excavator:
D1L
in the cab

In truck:

D1L
1. on the rear wall of the cab
2, under the seat of the driver

B 1 L/D 1 L
in vehicle interior

1.Heater under rear seat, inside or outside

2. Heater in front of passenger seat.
3. Heater on center console

Installing the heater

The B 3 L and D 3 L heaters are suitable and approved for
installation in vehicle areas used by passengers.
In the case of installation in passenger areas, the exhaust,
combustion air and fuel lines in these areas must not have
any detachable connections and must be splash-water-tight
at the penetrations to the outside.
For this reason, the heater must be mounted by its base on
an outside panel of the vehicle or on its floor, using the seal
seated on the base.

The factory plate must be clearly visible even when

installed.
If necessary a second factory plate (duplicate) may be
affixed, with the same information as the original, to a place
on the heater clearly visible after installation, or to a cover
placed in front of the heater. A second plate is not if the
original is visible after removal of a cover without the
necessary, aid of tools.

In general the heater should be installed in standard position,

as shown.
If this is not feasible, please consult the manufacturer.
During starting an thermostatic operation a heater installed in
the standard position may deviate, due to the inclination of the
vehicle during motion, from this standard position up to 150 in
both axes.
Continuous heating operation after starting is even possible at a
deviation from standard position of up to 300.
With deviations exceeding 300 a reliable continuous heating
operation is no longer possible. However, this does not lead to
damage of the heater if the deviation occurs only for a short
interval.
Important: The plug connection piece must always face
upwards.

Fastening to the vehicle wall/floor

Make penetrations in accordance with the template pattern.

Templet pattern
The holes for the 8 mm dia. vent lines and for the 10.5
mm-dia. metering pump/control unit cable are not
included in the template pattern, and must be drilled to
suit the installation arrangement.
The mating surface for the heater base must be smooth.
To drill the penetrations and if necessary to smooth the
mating surface, a special tool is available from the

*This must be kept free. Check for free running of fan wheel
If the mating surface sheet is too thin (criterion: less than 1.5
mm), a reinforcing plate - Cat. No. 20 1577 89 00 03 - can be
installed additionally on the outside.

Special tool

Item

Designation

Component

Cat. No rating

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-

Protective grid
Connection piece, 50 mm dia.
Hose clip, 50 - 70 mm dia
Flex. pipe, 50 mm dia. lin. m.
Protective grid, 50 mm dia. 0.1
Hood
0
Air outlet, rotatable, 50 mm dia.
90 bend of flex pipe, 50 mm dia.

0.4
0.4
1.0 per m

20 1465 89 05 00
20 1575 80 08 01
2064 05 00 70
10 2114 29 00 00
20 1575 89 20 00
20 1465 89 00 01
20 1575 80 08 00

1.25
0.4

Do not connect too many components. The sum of the component ratings may not exceed the heater rating. See Additional
Equipment Catalog for further parts.

Item

Designation

Component

Cat. No rating

1
2
3
4
5
6

Protective grid
Connection piece, 50 mm dia.
0.3 flexible pipe, 50 mm dia.
1.0 m flexible pipe, 50 mm dia.
Reduction hood, 50 mm dia.straight
2 x 90 bends of flexible pipe
(0.4 rating for each)
Exhauster, rotatable

0.4
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.8

20 1465 89 05 00
20 1575 80 08 01
20 2114 29 00 00
20 2114 29 00 00
20 1465 89 00 01

1.25

20 1575 80 08 00

Sum of component ratings

4.15
Heating air intake openings shall be arranged in such a
manner that exhaust from the vehicle's engine and from the
heater cannot be expected to be sucked in under normal
operating conditions, and the heating air cannot be
contaminated.
When operating as a recirculating heater, locate the inlet for
the heating air in such a way that the outflowing hot air cannot
be sucked directly in again.

The sum of the component ratings does not exceed the heater
rating of 10, installation is therefor permissible.
When checking an installation, the average outlet temperature
should not at the outlet point significantly exceed 110C with
an intake temperature of 20C. This will ensure that the safety
thermal cutout switch will not respond under normal
operating conditions.

Running the combustion air/Running the exhaust

Permissible diameters, lengths, bends of combustion air and exhaust lines.

Measurements in millimeters
Permissible blend

Exhaust lines

Exhaust line:

max. 1800

B 1 L max. 500 mm long

Combustion air line:

max. 1800

D 1 L max. 1000 mm long

must not be exceeded.

Exhaust lines must not project beyond the sides of the vehicle.
They must be laid either with a slight slope or with 5 mm dia.
holes at the lowest points for draining off condensate.

The scope of delivery includes an exhaust pipe, 270 mm long,

with 900 bend, and a combustion air tube, 500 mm long, with
90 bend.
These can be shortened as required. Longer pipes are available as given in the Additional Equipment Catalog.

Arrange the exhaust outlet and the combustion air opening

such that the exhaust cannot be sucked back in directly.

Additional noise suppression is possible by installing an exhaust silencer (see chapter "Exhaust Parts" in the Additional
Equipment Catalog). The permissible length of the exhaust line
is reduced here by the length of the exhaust silencer.

The exhaust outlet must be on the outside. Exhaust lines must

be laid in such a way that neither the penetration of exhaust
into the vehicle interior nor the intake of exhaust through the
vehicle or heater blowers need be expected'), and that the
operation of essential vehicle parts is not affected (ensure
adequate clearance). Place the outlet opening of the exhaust
line in such a way that it cannot be clogged by dirt and snow
and that any water which does enter can run off. Do not install
facing the slipstream.
1) This requirement can be considered met if the outlet
opening of the exhaust line is located at the usual places in
motor vehicles, e.g. in engine compartment, in wheel case, on
the vehicle underside, or on the rear of the cab.

The combustion air must be sucked in from the outside, not

from the passenger compartment or trunk.
Do not install the intake opening facing the slipstream, but run
it in such a manner that dirt and snow cannot enter and that
any water which does enter can flow out.

Fuel supply
The instructions given here should not be disregarded as deviations may cause malfunctions. 1. Fuel intake from fuel
line to engine (usually in passenger cars):
Precondition: the fuel line from the fuel tank to the engine must be tight, so that the flow of fuel is not interrupted when the engine
is not running.

Dimension a =

Dimension b =
Dimension c =
Dimension d =

max.
max.

2000 mm for gasoline

5000 mm for diesel oil

max.
max.
max.

50 mm
300 mm
4 m for gasoline
6 m for diesel oil

1 Tank
2 Fuel branch
3 Fuel tube, internal dia. 5 mm
4 Fuel pre-filter (vertical, up to 30o downward if fuelline
is tapped)
Cat. No. 25 1226 89 00 37, only necessary if fuel is
contaminated
5 Fuel metering pump (150 to vertical, inclined upward)
6 Fuel tube, internal dia. 3.5 mm
7 Fuel pipe, plastic, internal dia. 1.5 mm
8 Tank connection, internal dia. 2 mm
9 Tube or plastic pipe (max. internal dia. 5 mm)
10 Fuel pipe, plastic, internal dia. 2 mm

At all joints, fuel pipe (7) and connection pieces must touch.
2. Fuel intake separately from fuel tank or separate tank
(usually in trucks, construction machinery, agricultural machinery)
A = intake from above
B = lateral intake at tank
C = lateral intake or beneath it; metering pump below lowest fuel level

With connection types A and B, the intake line - A

includes tank connection (8) - including all connection
points must have an internal dia. of 2 mm; for this
reason, fuel pipe (10) and connections must touch
each other at every joint.

Dimension a =

max. 2000 mm with gasoline

max.5000 mm with diesel oil

Dimension f =

max. 500 mm with gasoline

max. 1000 mm with diesel oil

Dimension d =

max.
max.

4 m with gasoline
6 m with diesel oil

3. Permissible suction and pressure heads for installation per 1. and 2.;
permissible positioning of metering pump
Supply pressure from tank to metering pump:
e = max. 3000 mm suction head: tank at zero pressure
f=

max. 500 mm with gasoline

max. 1000 mm with diesel oil

Check whether tank ventilation works properly

intake from tank when underpressure occurs during operation
(valve 0.03 bar in tank cap)
f=

max. 150 mm with gasoline

max. 400 mm with diesel oil
Pressure head metering pump to heater:
g = max. 2000 mm
Fuel line metering pump to heater should not have a slope if at all
possible.

4. Important
Protect fuel lines, filter and metering pump from overheating; do
not install near silencers and exhaust pipes. Temperatures above
30 C lead to gas bubbles and problems with gasoline.

Fuel pipes connected by means of a fuel tube.

Fuel pipe sections must abut.

When installing the fuel line, fuel filter and fuel metering pump
near the rear axle, be sure to take the spring deflection of the
rear axle into consideration.
Cut fuel tubes and pipes to length only with a sharp knife. Cuts
may not be indented and must be burr-free.
For connection of the fuel branches, always use rubber tubing,
never plastic pipe.

Fuel grades/Fuel at low temperatures

Temperature

The heater can take without problem the same fuel you use in
your tank- In the USA diesel fuel no. 1 and no.2. Admixture of
used oil is not permitted

From 0C to -15C**
From -15C to -25C
From -25C to -40C

The refineries automatically adapt their fuels to normal winter

temperatures (Winter Diesel) Therefore difficulties can only
arise at extremely low temperature (as in the engine - see the
vehicle's instruction manual).
If the heater is operated from a separate tank, the following
rules must be observed: at temperatures above 0 C any type
of diesel fuel can be used.
If no special cold-weather diesel fuel is available at low
temperatures, mix kerosine or gasoline according to the
adjacent table.

10

Winter
diesel oil
100%
50%
-

Additive
50 % kerosine
or gasoline
100% Kerosene*

* or special winter diesel oils

** or in accordance with fuel manufacturer's specifications
The fuel line and the fuel pump must be filled with new fuel by
operation for15 minutes.
Fuel for special cases
In special cases, the heaters can also be operated on extra
light fuel oil (above 0C) or kerosine If in doubt consult the
manufacturer.

The following cable cross-sections must be observed between

battery and heater, in order that the maximum permissible
voltage losses in the cables (0.5 at 12 V rated voltage and 1 V
at 24 V) are not exceeded.

Electrics:
Arrange electric cables, switches and control units in the vehicle in such a way that their correct functioning cannot be impaired under normal operating conditions.
Fit the control unit so that it is protected from splash water
(from both its own vehicle and preceding ones). Outside
installation is thus not permissible. The unit is best arranged in
the vehicle interior, with the plugs pointing downward.

L+ + L- < 5 m - cross-section 4 mm2

L+ + L- 5 to 8 m - cross-section 6 mm2
If the positive cable is to be connected to the fuse box (e.g.
terminal 30), the vehicle's cable too from the battery to the fuse
box must be included in the calculation of the total line length,
and if necessary redimensioned in accordance with the above.
Smear plug and earth connections with contact protection
grease outside the vehicle interior.

The pilot light (built into the switch or timer) should be within
the field of vision of the driver, or at least be visible to him
without great effort.
Install the room thermostat where it is sheltered from draughts
and sunlight. Do not fit it to non-insulated outer walls.

Parts list to wiring diagram B 1 L page 12

and wiring diagrams D 1 L page 13-16.
1.1.
1.2.
1.2.1.
1.2.3.
1.4.
1.5.
2.1.
2.2.
2.7.
3.1.1.
3.2.1.
3.3.1.
2.2.1.
3.7.
5.1.

Blower motor
Glow plug
Glow plug drop resistor
Temperature fuse
Temperature switch
Safety thermal cutout switch
Control unit 2.1.1. Motor fuse
Fuel metering pump 2.5.1. Relay for glow plug
Main fuse 16 Amp.
Universal switch
Timer
Optional addition parts
Thermostat
Circulation pump
Glow plug current regulator
Battery

11

rt = red
br = brown
ws= white
sw = black
gn = green
ge = yellow
vi = violet

Wiring Diagram

12

1 Hot-air blower
2 Electric motor
3 Combustion air blower
4 Glow plug
5 Safety thermal cutout switch
6 Combustion chamber
7 Temperature switch
8 Heat exchanger
9 Casing
10 Connection flange
11 Fuel connection
13 Plug area ventilation

14 Combustion air tube

15 Exhaust pipe
16 Fuel metering pomp
17 Fuel strainer
19 Main fuse
20 Control unit
21 Motor current fuse
22 Universal switch
23 Timer
24 Room thermostat
25 Timer 12 Screen for combustion air
17

F = cold air
W = hot air
V = combustion air
A = exhaust
B = fuel

IMPORTANT! Heaters with undervoltage safety device may

only be operated with the appropriate control units (with
replaceable motor current fuse),

Description of operation
Heaters D 1 L and B 1 L are of identical design wherever practicable.
The differing fuel types however make design differences unavoidable.

You can remedy the following malfunctions yourself:

1. The blower cannot be heard after the heater is switched on:
a) Check the 16 A fuse in the cable harness of the heater.
h) Check the motor current fuse in the control unit
(heaters Nos. 25 1531 05 and 25 1532 05 only).

Control elements
A choice is possible between:
1.Universal switch (22)
Switch position: Heating or Ventilation
If other switches generally used in motor vehicles are employed, they
must be able to take at least 10 A.

Important! Only the following Eberspacher spare part fuse inserts

(special monitored design) may be used:
for 12 V fuse insert TT 4, blue marking, no 460 26 016 Cat. No., for
two: 25 1531 05 02 00

2. Timer (23125)
Using the timer, the heater can be switched on at once or the switchon
time can be preselected in advance.

for 24 Vfuse insert TT 2, yellow marking, no 460 26 000 Cat. No., for
two: 25 1532 05 02 00

3. Room thermostat (24)

A room thermostat can also be used in conjunction with the universal
switch or timer. It should however be remembered that the load on the
battery is greater and that wear on plugs will be heavier.

The use of other fuse inserts may lead to damage in the control unit in
the event of a fault.
c) Check the glow plug and replace it if necessary.

Mode of operation
The pilot lamp comes on when the heater is switched on. With a timelag of approx.. 5 sets., the hot-air blower starts to convey hot air, the
combustion air blower combustion air and the fuel metering pump fuel,
in exactly metered amounts, into the combustion chamber Fuel and
combustion air here form an inflammable mixture which is ignited at
the glow plug. The combustion gases now pass through the heat
exchanger and activate the temperature switch, which switches off the
glow plug. The hot air is heated at the heat exchanger and passes
through the exhauster into the area to be heated. When the heater is
switched off, the pilot lamp goes off, but the blower motor runs until the
heater has cooled down. Then it is automatically switched off by the
temperature switch.

2. After the heater is switched on, the blower only runs for about 3
minutes, the heater does not ignite and automatically switches off.
Briefly switch the heater off and back on again (not more than twice). If
the heater still does not ignite, have the trouble seen to in a workshop.
3. The heater goes off during operation:
If the fault is due to overheating, switch the heater off, eliminate the
cause of the overheating (e. g. blocked hot-air pipe), press the safety
thermal cutout switch (1) and switch the heater back on.

Controls and safety equipment

The flame is monitored by the temperature switch- This switch acts on
the safety switch in the control unit, which switches off the heater in the
event of a malfunction.
Sequence after switching on:
a) The temperature switch switches off the glow plug when a stable
flame has been obtained. In addition, after the heater has been
switched off, it automatically stops the blower when the heater has
cooled down.
b) If the heater fails to ignite, it switches off automatically not more
than 3 minutes after being switched on.
If a defect in the blower motor has caused the heater to switch off, the
motor current fuse installed in the control unit may have been tripped.
Check it and replace if necessary. The heater can be switched back on
by briefly switching it off and back again. If the motor current fuse
blows repeatedly, have the blower fault remedied. Do not switch the
heater back on more than twice. I f it still does not start, remedy the
malfunction in accordance with the Troubleshooting and Repair
Manual.
c) Should the flame extinguish spontaneously during operation, the
heater will automatically switch off after no more than 4 minutes. It can
be switched back on in accordance with b).
d) The safety thermal cutout switch stops the fuel metering pump if the
maximum permissible temperature for the heating air is exceeded (e.
g. in the event of the heating air ducts becoming blocked). The heater
then switches off automatically. After removal of the cause of
overheating and pressing of the knob on the safety thermal cutout
switch, the heater can he put back into operation by switching it off and
on again.
e) If the glow plug is defective, the temperature fuse on the glow plug
series resistor (D 1 L - 24 V only) has blown, or the electric line to the
fuel metering pump is broken, the heater will not start.
f) If the voltage drops below 10.5 V or 21 V, or rises above 15 V or 30
V, as the case may be, the heater switches off automatically.

Please remember that the heater does not start to work until about
5 seconds after being switched on.
The pilot lamp in the universal switch comes on immediately after the
heater is switched on.
The heater must never be switched on while the tank is being filled.
The heater must not be operated in garages.
When carrying out electric welding work on the vehicle, disconnect the
positive pole from the battery and earth it, in order to protect the
control unit.

Only our warranty conditions are valid for warranty claims.

18