An inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained system that can operate without signals from external sources like radionavigation equipment or ground installations. It operates by measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and integrating it twice to determine position. The position error of a stand alone INS increases over time due to the drift of the gyroscopes, which is the main error source.
An inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained system that can operate without signals from external sources like radionavigation equipment or ground installations. It operates by measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and integrating it twice to determine position. The position error of a stand alone INS increases over time due to the drift of the gyroscopes, which is the main error source.
An inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained system that can operate without signals from external sources like radionavigation equipment or ground installations. It operates by measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and integrating it twice to determine position. The position error of a stand alone INS increases over time due to the drift of the gyroscopes, which is the main error source.
An inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained system that can operate without signals from external sources like radionavigation equipment or ground installations. It operates by measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and integrating it twice to determine position. The position error of a stand alone INS increases over time due to the drift of the gyroscopes, which is the main error source.
can only operate when interfacing with the radionavigation equipments.
b)
can only operate when communicating with ground installations.
c)
can operate as stand alone equipment without any interface with other navigation equipments.
d)
can only operate when interfacing with the GPS equipment.
Answer ; c) 025.
An inertial Navigation System ( INS ) is ;
Answer ; b) 101.
a)
a radio navigation system.
b)
a self contained system which operates without signals from the ground.
c)
a system which operates on the Doppler principle.
d)
a hyperbolic navigation system.
a self contained system which operates without signals from the ground.
An inertial reference and navigation system is a strapdown system when ;
a)
gyros and accelerometers are mounted on a stabilised platform in the aircraft.
b)
gyros and accelerometers need satellite information input to obtain a vertical reference.
c)
the gyroscopes and accelerometers are part of the units fixture to the aircraft structure.
d)
only the gyros , and not the accelerometers , are part of the units fixture to the aircraft structure.
Answer ; c) 104.
can operate as stand alone equipment without any interface with other navigation equipments.
the gyroscopes and accelerometers are part of the units fixture to the aircraft structure.
As a result of the failure of the central air data computer ( CADC ) , the inertial navigation system (INS) will no longer provide information about ;
Answer ; c)
a)
the ground speed.
b)
the time ( TIME ) at the next waypoint ( WPT ).
c)
the wind direction and speed.
d)
the drift.
the wind direction and speed.
028.
Comparing the radio navigation system and the inertial navigation system ; 1.
the radio position is accurate when in DME range.
2.
the radio position may be obtained whatever the position on the earth.
3.
the inertial position may be obtained whatever the position on the earth.
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; c) 069.
2.
b)
3.
c)
1 , 3.
d)
1 , 2.
1 , 3.
In an inertial navigation system , integrating once the speed in gives ;
Answer ; c) 070.
a)
a)
a position.
b)
an instantaneous acceleration.
c)
a distance travelled.
d)
an average acceleration.
a distance travelled.
In an inertial navigation system , the integration process ;
1.
amounts to making a time division.
2.
amounts to making a time multiplication.
3.
enable to get accelerations from position.
4.
enable to get position from accelerations.
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b)
a)
1 , 4.
b)
2 , 4.
c)
1 , 3.
d)
2 , 3.
2 , 4.
071.
In an inertial navigation system , the integration process makes a ;
Answer ; a) 072.
a)
time multiplication.
b)
time division.
c)
distance multiplication.
d)
distance division.
time multiplication.
In an inertial navigation system , the principle used to obtain position is ;
1.
single integration of acceleration according to time.
2.
double integration of acceleration according to time.
3.
single integration of speed according to time.
4.
double integration of speed according to time.
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b) 073.
1.
b)
2 or 3.
c)
3.
d)
1 or 4.
2 or 3.
In an inertial navigation system , the principle used to obtain the change in speed is ;
Answer ; c) 074.
a)
a)
double integration of acceleration according to time.
b)
double integration of position according to time.
c)
single integration of acceleration according to time.
d)
single integration of position according to time.
single integration of acceleration according to time.
In an inertial navigation system , to know the distance travelled ;
a)
it is necessary to integrate once the speed in time , and to know the inital speed and the initial position.
b)
it is necessary to integrate once the speed in time , and to know the inital speed only.
c)
it is necessary to integrate once the speed in time , and to know the inital position only.
d)
integrating once the speed in time is suficient.
Answer ; d)
integrating once the speed in time is suficient.
075.
In an inertial navigation system , to know the distance travelled , it is necessary to ;
1.
integrate once the speed in time
2.
to know the initial position
3.
to know the initial speed
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b) 037.
a)
1 , 2 , 3.
b)
1.
c)
1 , 2.
d)
1,3
1.
Considering a stabilised platform inertial system ;
1.
the rate gyros and the accelerometers are mounted on the same platform
2.
the rate gyros and the accelerometers are mounted on two separated platforms
3.
the principle of operation requires at least 2 rate gyros
4.
the principle of operation requires at least 2 accelerometers
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; a)
a)
1 , 4.
b)
2 , 4.
c)
1 , 3.
d)
2 , 3.
1 , 4.
038.
Considering a stabilised platform inertial system , this platform ;
1.
can be servo-controlled in azimuth
2.
is kept levelled during alignment phase only
3.
is always kept levelled
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; d) 056.
b)
1 , 2.
c)
3.
d)
1 , 3.
1 , 3.
a)
attitude and heading.
b)
attitude and ground speed.
c)
attitude , TAS and heading.
d)
ground speed and heading.
attitude and heading.
If the navigation function of an INS is inoperative and the control rotary switch is set to ATT , the output data of the INS is (are) ;
Answer ; c) 058.
2.
If the navigation function of an INS is inoperative and the control rotary switch is set to ATT , the output data of the INS are ;
Answer ; a) 057.
a)
a)
position and attitude.
b)
attitude and ground speed.
c)
attitude and heading.
d)
position only.
attitude and heading.
If the navigation function of an INS is inoperative , the back up mode if existing , used to operate the INS is ;
Answer ; a)
a)
the ATT mode which supplies attitude and heading data.
b)
the ATT mode which allows to maintain pitch attitude only.
c)
the GS mode which supplies ground speed and heading data.
d)
the OFF mode which turns off the navigation mode but recovers the heading mode.
the ATT mode which supplies attitude and heading data.
062.
In a stabilised platform inertial system , the accelerations are measured in a trihedron which is ; ( NB : aircraft trihedron = pitch , roll and yaw axis )
Answer ; c) 082.
b)
merged with the aircrafts triehedron.
c)
free from the aircraft trihedron.
d)
merged with only two axis of the aircraft trihedron ; the roll axis and the pitch axis.
free from the aircraft trihedron.
a)
ATT is the normal system setting.
b)
NAV is the normal system setting , the OFF position is the back up position in case of failure of the navigation function.
c)
ATT is the normal system setting , the NAV position inhibits the attitude data.
d)
NAV is the normal system setting , the ATT position is the back up position in case of failure of the navigation function. NAV is the normal system setting , the ATT position is the back up position in case of failure of the navigation function.
The alignment of a gyro stabilized inertial platform consists in positionning the platform relative to ;
Answer ; a) 093.
fixed in absolute space.
On the INS control panel , the rotary knob can be selected to OFF , NAV or ATT positions. The correct statement is ;
Answer ; d)
091.
a)
a)
the vertical axis and true north.
b)
the pitch and roll axis.
c)
the pitch axis only.
d)
the roll axis only.
the vertical axis and true north.
The alignment of an inertial system can be sucessfully performed ;
Answer ; d)
a)
in all phases of flight outside areas of turbulence.
b)
when the aircraft is taxiing.
c)
in all phases of flight.
d)
when the aircraft is stationary.
when the aircraft is stationary.
094.
The alignment phase of a gyro stabilized platform consists in ;
Answer ; a) 129.
b)
aligning the platform axis with the aircraft pitch axis only.
c)
aligning the platform axis with the aircraft axis ( pitch , roll , yaw ).
d)
aligning the platform axis with the aircraft roll axis only.
levelling the platform and determining its orientation.
a)
is not an error source.
b)
induces a bounded position error.
c)
induces a position error that decreases along the flight.
d)
is the main error source.
is the main error source.
The navigation precision of a stand alone inertial system decreases along the flight, due to ;
Answer ; c) 177.
levelling the platform and determining its orientation.
The drift of the gyroscopes of a stand alone inertial system ;
Answer ; d) 173.
a)
a)
the accelerations of the aircraft.
b)
the motion of the aircraft.
c)
the drift of the gyroscopes.
d)
the meteorological conditions.
the drift of the gyroscopes.
The operating principle of an inertial system consists in ;
a)
measuring the position of the aircraft and performing integrations to elaborate the ground speed and acceleration.
b)
measuring the earth rotation and performing integrations to elaborate the aircraft ground speed and position.
c)
measuring the acceleration , speed and position of the aircraft.
d)
measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and performing integrations to elaborate the ground speed and the position.
Answer ; d)
measuring the acceleration of the aircraft and performing integrations to elaborate the ground speed and the position.
188.
The position error of a stand alone inertial system ;
Answer ; b) 189.
b)
increases along the time.
c)
remains constant.
d)
is sinusoial.
increases along the time.
a)
constant along the flight with an accuracy depending on the accuracy of the accelerometers.
b)
large a few minutes after initialisation and reduces along the flight.
c)
small a few minutes after initialisation and increases along the flight.
d)
small and constant along the flight.
small a few minutes after initialisation and increases along the flight.
The position error of a stand alone inertial system , is approximately ;
Answer ; d) 209.
increases up to 2 NM due to the drift error of the gyroscopes , then stabilizes.
The position error of a stand alone inertial system is ;
Answer ; c) 190.
a)
a)
8 to 10 NM per hour.
b)
6 to 8 NM per hour.
c)
0.01 to 0.2 NM per hour.
d)
0.5 to 2 NM per hour.
0.5 to 2 NM per hour.
To obtain the instantaneous position from the accelerations ;
a)
it is necessary to integrate twice the acceleration in time , and to know the initial position only.
b)
integrating twice acceleration in time is sufficient.
c)
it is necessary to integrate twice the acceleration in time , and to know the initial position and the initial speed.
d)
it is necessary to integrate twice the acceleration in time , and to know the initial speed only.
Answer ; c)
it is necessary to integrate twice the acceleration in time , and to know the initial position and the initial speed.
210.
To obtain the instantaneous position from the accelerations , it is necessary to ;
1.
integrate twice the acceleration in time
2.
know the initial position
3.
know the initial speed
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; c) 211.
1 , 2.
b)
1 , 3.
c)
1 , 2 , 3.
d)
1.
1 , 2 , 3.
To obtain the instantaneous speed from the accelerations ;
a)
integrating the acceleration once in time is sufficient.
b)
it is necessary to integrate the acceleration once in time , and to know the initial speed and the initial position.
c)
it is necessary to integrate the acceleration once in time , and to know the initial speed only.
d)
it is necessary to integrate the acceleration once in time , and to know the initial position only.
Answer ; c) 212.
a)
it is necessary to integrate the acceleration once in time , and to know the initial speed only
To obtain the instantaneous speed from the accelerations , it is necessary to ;
1.
integrate once the acceleration in time
2.
know the initial position
3.
know the initial speed
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; d)
a)
1 , 2 , 3.
b)
1.
c)
1 , 2.
d)
1 , 3.
1 , 3.
224.
When the rotary knob on the INS control panel is set to NAV mode , it is ;
Answer ; c) 675.
a)
the navigation mode allowing use of all the functions of the system except attitude.
b)
the alignment function in flight.
c)
the normal operating mode allowing use of all the functions of the system.
d)
the navigation mode allowing use of all the functions of the system except heading.
the normal operating mode allowing use of all the functions of the system.
While inertial platform system is operating on board an aircraft , it is necessary to use a device with the following characteristics , in order to keep the vertical line with a pendulous system ;
Answer ; a)
a)
with damping and a period of about 84 minutes.
b)
with damping and a period of 84 seconds.
c)
without damping and a period of about 84 seconds.
d)
without damping and a period of about 84 minutes.
with damping and a period of about 84 minutes.
IRS 286. In an inertial reference system ( IRS ) , should the platform be displaced from the horizontal , it would oscillate with a period , called Schuler period , of about ;
Answer ; d) 287.
a)
84 seconds.
b)
24 minutes.
c)
64 seconds.
d)
84 minutes.
84 minutes.
In an inertial reference system ( IRS ) , the alignment sequence consists in ;
1.
search and alignment on the local vertical
2.
search for the true North
3.
definition of the latitude
4.
definition of the longitude
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; a) 292.
a)
1 , 2 , 3.
b)
1 , 2 , 4.
c)
1 , 2 , 3 , 4.
d)
3 , 4.
1 , 2 , 3.
In order to align an inertial reference system ( IRS ) , it is required to insert the local geographical coordinates. This enables the IRS to ;
Answer ; d)
a)
compare the longitude it finds with that entered by the operator.
b)
find true north.
c)
initialise the FMS flight plan.
d)
compare the latitude it finds with that entered by the operator.
compare the latitude it finds with that entered by the operator.
293.
In order to align an IRS , it is required to insert the local geographical coordinates.This enables the IRS to; 1.
compare the computed latitude with the one entered by the pilot
2.
compare the computed longitude with the one entered by the pilot
3.
know the longitude
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b) 085.
b)
1 , 3.
c)
1 , 2.
d)
2 , 3.
1 , 3.
a)
the local meridian and parallel.
b)
the geographical directions.
c)
the aircraft axes.
d)
the local vertical and the local meridian.
the aircraft axes.
The accuracy of the altitude computed by a stand alone inertial system ;
Answer ; c) 401.
1 , 2 , 3.
The accelerometers of a strap-down Inertial Reference System are in line with ;
Answer ; c) 086.
a)
a)
is bounded.
b)
decreases proportionally with flight time.
c)
decreases exponentially with flight time.
d)
is poor at the beginning of the flight.
decreases exponentially with flight time.
The data that needs to be inserted into an Inertial Reference System in order to enable the system to make a succesful alignment for navigation is ;
Answer ; a)
a)
aircraft position in latitude and longitude or airport ICAO identifier.
b)
aircraft heading.
c)
the position of an in-range DME.
d)
the navigation database reference.
aircraft position in latitude and longitude or airport ICAO identifier.
128.
Compared with a stabilised platform inertial system , a strapdown inertial system ;
1.
can aligne while the aircraft is moving
2.
has a quicker alignment phase
3.
is more reliable in time
The combination that regroups all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; a) 026.
a)
2 , 3.
b)
1 , 2.
c)
1 , 2 , 3.
d)
3.
2 , 3.
Compared with a stabilised platform inertial system , a strapdown inertial system ;
1.
has a longer alignment phase in time
2.
has a shorter alignment phase in time.
3.
is more reliable in time.
4.
is less reliable in time.
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b) 0047.
a)
1 , 3.
b)
2 , 3.
c)
1 , 4.
d)
2 , 4.
2 , 3.
A strapdown inertial system consists in ;
a)
a platform free of the aircraft chassis which includes gyroscopes and accelerometers.
b)
accelerometers attached to the aircraft chassis and gyroscopes which are not.
c)
gyroscopes attached to the aircraft chassis and accelerometers which are not.
d)
a platform attached to the aircraft chassis and which includes gyroscopes and accelerometers.
Answer ; d)
a platform attached to the aircraft chassis and which includes gyroscopes and accelerometers.
039.
Considering a strapdown inertial system , the IRU ( Inertial Reference Unit ) measures ;
Answer ; a) 040.
b)
linear accelerations only.
c)
angular accelerations only.
d)
angular rates only.
accelerations and angular rates.
a)
2 laser gyros and 2 accelerometers.
b)
2 laser gyros and 3 accelerometers.
c)
3 laser gyros and 2 accelerometers.
d)
3 laser gyros and 3 accelerometers.
3 laser gyros and 3 accelerometers.
If the position data ( lat , long ) is no longer computed an IRS , the affected system(s) is (are) ;
Answer ; c) 063.
accelerations and angular rates.
Considering a strapdown inertial system , the operating principle requires the use of at least ;
Answer ; d) 059.
a)
a)
the TCAS.
b)
the ADC and the TCAS.
c)
the FMS.
d)
the FMS and the TCAS.
the FMS.
In a strapdown inertial system , the accelerations are measured in a trihedron which is fixed regarding to the;
Answer ; a)
a)
aircrafts trihedron ( pitch , roll and yaw axis ).
b)
absolute space.
c)
earths trihedron ( X , Y , Z ).
d)
earths trihedron ( longitude , latitude ).
aircrafts trihedron ( pitch , roll and yaw axis ).
335.
One of the errors inherent in a ring laser gyroscope occurs at low input rotation rates tending towards zero when a phenomenon known as lock-in is experienced. What is the name of the technique , effected by means of a piezo-electric motor , that is used ;
Answer ; a) 092.
dither.
b)
zero drop.
c)
beam lock.
d)
cavity rotation.
dither.
The alignment of a strapdown inertial system consists in ;
Answer ; a) 356.
a)
a)
measuring the earth rotation and local gravitation to position the reference trihedron.
b)
positioning the accelerometers.
c)
positioning the gyroscopes and accelerometers relative to the fuselage axis.
d)
positioning the platform relative to the local vertical and true north.
measuring the earth rotation and local gravitation to position the reference trihedron.
The alignment sequence of an IRS consists of ;
1.
searching for the local vertical
2.
searching for the true north
3.
searching for the latitude
4.
searching for the longitude
5.
comparison between the computed longitude and the one entered by the pilot
6.
comparison between the computed latitude and the one entered by the pilot
The combination that regroups all of the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b)
a)
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.
b)
1 , 2 , 3 , 6.
c)
1 , 2 , 4 , 5.
d)
3 , 4.
1 , 2 , 3 , 6.
095.
The alignment time of a strapdown inertial system takes longer time when the aircraft is ;
Answer ; d) 102.
at a high longitude.
c)
at a location where the magnetic variation is greater than 15 degrees.
d)
at a high latitude.
at a high latitude.
a)
stall warning system.
b)
GPWS.
c)
TCAS.
d)
auto pilot system.
auto pilot system.
a)
earth rotation and gravity.
b)
longitude and gravity.
c)
earth magnetic field and earth rotation.
d)
earth rotation and longitude.
earth rotation and gravity.
The elements which take part in the local vertical alignment of an inertial strap-down unit are ;
Answer ; b) 133.
b)
The characteristics of the earth which are being used during the alignment of an INS platform are ;
Answer ; a) 417.
close to the equator.
The attitude data computed by an IRS can be used by the ;
Answer ; d) 115.
a)
a)
the flow inductors.
b)
the accelerometers.
c)
the gyroscopes.
d)
the accelerometers and gyroscopes.
the accelerometers.
The energy required to operate a strapdown inertial system is supplied by ;
Answer ; d)
a)
the hydraulic system.
b)
the bleed air system.
c)
a dedicated pneumatic system.
d)
the electrical system.
the electrical system.
179.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
angle of attack
2.
altitude
3.
ground speed
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; b) 180.
a)
1 , 3.
b)
3.
c)
1 , 2.
d)
2.
3.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
attitude
2.
altitude
3.
present position ( lat , long )
4.
static air temperature
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; a)
a)
1 , 3.
b)
1 , 2 , 3.
c)
1 , 3 , 4.
d)
1 , 2 , 3 , 4.
1 , 3.
181.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
number of satellites tracked
2.
mach number
3.
ground speed
4.
true track
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; d) 182.
a)
1 , 4.
b)
2 , 3.
c)
1 , 2 , 3 , 4.
d)
3 , 4.
3 , 4.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
present position ( lat , long )
2.
altitude
3.
ground speed
4.
true heading
The combination regouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; d)
a)
1 , 2 , 3 , 4.
b)
1 , 2 , 3.
c)
1 , 4.
d)
1 , 3 , 4.
1 , 3 , 4.
183.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
present position ( lat , long )
2.
TAS
3.
attitude
ground speed
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; c) 184.
a)
1 , 2 , 3.
b)
1 , 2 , 4.
c)
1 , 3 , 4.
d)
2 , 3 , 4.
1 , 3 , 4.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
present position ( lat , long )
2.
total pressure
3.
static air temperature
4.
true heading
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; d) 204.
a)
1 , 3.
b)
1 , 2 , 4.
c)
2 , 3.
d)
1 , 4.
1 , 4.
The time for a normal alignment ( not a quick alignment ) of a strapdown inertial system is ;
Answer ; c)
a)
1 to 2 minutes.
b)
15 to 20 minutes.
c)
3 to 10 minutes.
d)
less than 1 minute.
3 to 10 minutes.
185.
The output data of an IRS include ;
1.
satellites status
2.
altitude
3.
drift angle
4.
present position ( lat , long )
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is ;
Answer ; a) 187.
b)
2 , 4.
c)
1 , 3 , 4.
d)
4.
3 , 4.
a)
ILS receiver.
b)
ADC.
c)
TCAS.
d)
FMS.
FMS.
The principle of a laser gyro is based on ;
a)
two rotating cavities provided with mirrors.
b)
a gyroscope associated with a laser compensating for gimballing errors.
c)
frequency difference between two laser beams rotating in opposite direction.
d)
a gyroscope associated with a laser compensating for apparent wander due to the rotation of the earth.
Answer ; c) 541.
3 , 4.
The position data ( lat , long ) computed by an IRS can be used by the ;
Answer ; d) 537.
a)
frequency difference between two laser beams rotating in opposite direction.
The principle of the Schuler pendulum is used in the design of a ;
