Circular Plate Ribbed 1

Proceedings in Manufacturing Systems, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2013
ISSN 2067-9238
STRESS STATES IN PLANE AND RIBBED CIRCULAR PLATES

Carmen T. POPA1,*, Radu I. IATAN2, Ciprian I. MANESCU3
1)
Lecturer, PhD, eng., Department of Food Engineering, University Valahia, Targoviste, Romania
2)
Prof., PhD, eng., eng., University Politehnica, Bucharest, Romania
3)
Assist., PhD, eng., Inventiv SRL, Ploiesti, Romania
Abstract: Circular or annular plates and mostly ribbed structures have multiple utilizations in numerous
engineering domains: processing equipments, naval, metallurgy, civil constructions industries. The engineering ability, implemented in practice, introduced to reduce the consuming of materials, but also the
energy consuming, alternative solutions: materials for replacement or rigidifying using ribs. The topic of
this paper takes into discussion the particular case of the structures with constructive orthotropy.
In this paper is presented the analysis of stresses states for a plane and for a ribbed plate, to observe the
advantage of the rigidifying. The presence of the ribs leads to reduce the consuming of metallic material.
The plates, of the same dimensions, are solicited at 0.3 MPa pressure. For comparison, we used the analytical, finite elements and experimental methods for the plane plate and for the ribbed plate, we used the
finite elements and experimental methods. In the technical literature, for the ribbed plate there is an analytical method for calculating of the deformation and stresses states, only some approximations for particular cases. Finally, as we infer from the comparison of the results, we observe the advantage of the rigidity of the plate. In this case the value of the stresses lower about three times. Closed values are obtained using the variants of calculus: analytical, finite elements and experimental. However, we note that
at the embedded plates the maximum of stresses is located on the contour.
Key words: plane circular plate, circular plate with ribs, stresses states, numerical method, experimental
method, analytical method.
1. INTRODUCTION
The engineering ability, implemented in practice, introduced to reduce the consuming of materials, but also
the energy consuming, alternative solutions: materials for
replacement or rigidifying using ribs. The topic of this
paper takes into discussion the particular case of the
structures with constructive orthotropy.
Circular or annular plates [1], of constant or variable
thickness, connected with rigidity elements-by casting,
bonding or welding, are met in numerous engineering
domains [2 and 3]. Radial and/or annular ribs can be
disposed symmetrical or not, toward the middle surface
of the proper plate.
The searches had been done to establish the displacements and stresses states at plates rigidified with
ribs can be grouped in:
a) Approximate calculus methods of the stresses and
displacements states;
b) Methods which abase the study at behaviour of the
compound elements: plates and ribs, that are considered with different leaning ways;
c) Calculus methods that abase the structural orthotropic
at material orthotropic;
*
Corresponding author: University Valahia from Targoviste,

Tel.: 0744310647;
Fax: 035109907;
E-mail addresses: carmenpopa2001l@yahoo.com (C. Popa),
r_iatan@ yahoo.com (R. Iatan), cpmanescu@yahoo.com (C.
Manescu)
d) Numerical methods [49];

e) Experimental methods [10].
In this paper the following aspects are realized:
the determination of the stresses states for a plane
plate, using the methods: analytical, finite elements
and experimental;
determination of the stresses states for a plane plate,
using the methods: analytical, finite elements and experimental; the determination of the stresses states for
a ribbed plate, using the methods: finite elements and
experimental. The analytical method for the ribbed
plate was analyzed in the scientific publication only
for some particular cases;
comparison of the obtained values.
2. PLANE PLATE ANALYZE
2.1. Elements finite method
We analyze the plane plate, having 32 holes, and
geometrical characteristics from Fig. 1, using finite element method. We consider that the plate is fixed on circumference of the holes for the screws, which clamp this
plate by the experimental recipient [13]. Using the program, the plate was divided in mesh-type tetrahedron
elements. The plane plate with 32 holes were divided in a
total of 16 696 elements and 5 561 nodes. We present the
calculus variant with finite elements, the plate stresses
distribution at 0.3 MPa being presented in Fig. 2.
Stresses from Fig. 3 are obtained at pressure of 0.3 MPa,
C. Popa, R. Iatan and C. Mnescu / Proceedings in Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 8, Iss. 1, 2013 / 5358
54
Fig. 2. Stresses of the fixed plane plate, at pressure 0.3 MPa.
( IV ) =
2r + 2 r .
(3)
Fig. 1. Geometrical characteristics of the circular plane plate.
The radial and circumferential stresses at a certain radius are established with the relations:
using a plan which passes through the centres of two

exactly contrary holes, which are situated between two
neighbour holes. Stresses values are given in Table 1.
6
6
M r ; = 2 M .
2
The expressions of the bending moments are:

p
M r = (1, 3 r c2 r 3 , 3 r 2 ) ;
16
r=
2.2. Analytical method

In this case the plane plate is considered fixed on the
line of the centres of the holes, at rcr= 285 mm.
We use the relations (1, 2, and 3) for the evaluation of
stresses on the circumference of leaning [11]:
r = 0 , 225
= 0 , 75
pr
2
cr
2
pr
(1)
stresses at median surface of the plate; p uniform

2
cr
distributed pressure on the surface of the plate; rcr radius of the embedded circumference of the plate;
(2)
Table 1
Stresses [N/mm2], at 0.3 MPa pressure, for the fixed plane plate
r [mm]
[N/mm2]
(5)
p
(6)
(1, 3 r c2 r 1, 9 r 2 ) .
16
where: r , , e are radial, circumferential, equivalent
M
(4)
21
36
50
66
80
95
110
124
138
152
167
129.8
129.7
128.3
125.4
120.9
113.5
108.1
99.88
91.58
81.19
72.56
62.68
59.79
178
194
211
225
239
251
262
273
285
57.99
62.67
76.43
95.4
113.2
127.3
159.3
244.4
44.31
Fig. 3. Stresses of the fixed plane plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.
Table 2
Stresses [N/mm2], at 0.3 MPa pressure, for the fixed
plane plate, using finite elements and analytical methods
23
Finite elements
method
95.4
225
Analytical method
75
11 9
thickness of the plate; M r , M radial bending

moment (acting in a diametral plane of the plane circular
plate), respectively annular bending moment; r current
radius.
The value of equivalent stress on the leaning contour
of the plate is m a x 2 = 162 . 4 N/mm2, for the pressure of
0.3 MPa. The equivalent stress at radius r = 225 mm

(because at radius rcr = 285 mm in MEF large increases
of the stress are recorded) is
= 75 N/mm2.
As seen from Table 2, where the maximum values of

stresses established by the two methods for calculating
are processed, the values of stresses fond by finite element method are relatively close to those found by analytical method. In the case of finite element analysis, the
plate had been fixed on the internal contour of the holes,
and in the case of analytical method, the plate had been
fixed in the continuous outline generated of the centre
holes.
If it is supposed at a value of the pressure of 0.3 MPa,
we obtain the maximal value of stress on the fixed line,
like in Table 2.
2.3. Experimental method
In the experimental case, we take into account the
measuring of specific linear deformations of the external
points of the plate and calculus of the radial, circumferential and equivalent stresses, in the same conditions,
using the strain gauges [5].
The components of the experimental stall are presented in Fig. 4, where: 1 vessel with the plates for
testing; 2 manometer; 3 branch; 4 tap (open during
the filling with water of the tap and closed during pressing); 5 bend; 6 pump group; 7 funnel for the filling
of the installation.
4 3
24
22
21
20
19
[N/mm ]
r[mm]
55
12 10 8
26
25
4
3
6
5
100
13
15
17
14
150
16
18
200
Fig. 5. The position of the strain gauges on the plane plate.
To assess the stresses developed both on the upper

surface of plane plate and on the plate with radial ribs,
under the action of the pressure created inside the experimental vessel, two perpendicular directions were
accepted to be provided in the cross transducers, numbered with odd numbers (those in the direction radial)
and with even numbers (transducers oriented in circumferential direction).
The zones where the strain gauges are fixed on the
plate are presented in Fig. 5. The used strain gauges are
KM120, with R = 120 resistance and K = 2.04 2 %
elastic constant.
We measured the radial and circumferential deformations values, both at the increase and decrease of the
pressure, obtaining the values: 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2;
0.
25; 0.3 MPa. We had been realized the processing of the
experimental data using mathematical program, accepting a linear variation, which depends on parameter pressure. We obtained the equivalent stresses values, which
are represented in the Table 3, using the fourth resistance
criterion. On their basis, the diagram in Fig. 6 was obtained.
Used to calculate the radial, annular and equivalent
stresses are the relations:
Fig. 4. Schema of the experimental stall.
Fig. 6. The variation of the equivalent stresses which are calculated on the basis of the fourth resistance theory.
56
r =
1
E
( r + p ) ;
p
2
p
p [MPa]
( + p r ) ;
1 2p
( IV ) =
Table 3
The values of the equivalent stresses at 0.3 MPa
(7)
e [ N mm 2 ]
r [mm]
MA
MEF
ME
118v8
130.1
121.3
125
76.1
83.8
77.2
175
51.0
66.7
58.2
225
75.0
74.4
70.7
(8)
r2 + 2 r .
(9)
0.3
Obs.
e ( IV)
e ( IV)
e ( IV)
e ( IV)
Fig. 7. Geometrical characteristics of the circular ribbed plate.
Fig. 8. Stresses of the fixed ribbed plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.

Table 4
Stresses [N/mm2], at 0.3 MPa pressure, for the fixed plate with ribs
r [mm]
p=
0.3MPa
0
36.92
7
36.44
21
35.6
36
32.89
50
28.14
66
23.85
80
41.5
95
40.38
110
31.28
124
30.11
138
31.05
178
194
211
225
239
251
262
273
285
25.71
17.73
13.75
29.82
45.91
62.24
94.75
129.6
40.71
152
30.66
167
27.72
57
Fig. 9. Stresses of the fixed ribbed plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.
3. RIBBED PLATE ANALYZE
ME
3.1. Elements finite method

We analyze the ribbed plate, having 32 holes, and
geometrical characteristics from Fig. 7, using finite element method. We consider that the plate is fixed on circumference of the holes for the screws, like in the case of
the plane plate [13]. Also, we present the calculus variant
with finite elements. The plate stresses distribution, at 0.3
MPa pressure is presented in Fig. 8.
Stresses from Fig. 9 are obtained at pressure 0.3 MPa,
using a plan, which passes through the centres of two
exactly contrary holes, which are situated between two
neighbour holes. Stresses values are given in Table 4.
3.2. Experimental method
In the experimental case, we take into account the
measuring of specific linear deformations of the external
points of the plate and calculus of the radial, circumferential and equivalent stresses, in the same conditions,
like in the case of the plane plate, using the strain gauges
[13].
The zones where the strain gauges are fixed on the
plate are presented in Fig. 10. We also used the strain
gauges.
MEF
Fig. 11. The variation of the equivalent stresses which are
calculated on the basis of the fourth resistance theory.
Table 5
The values of the equivalent stresses, which are
theoretical and experimental calculated (MA), (MEF) and
(ME), at 0.3 MPa pressure, for the ribbed plate
p
[MPa]
24
22 23
20 21
0.3
r
[m
m]
e [ N mm 2 ]
MA
MEF
ME
36.92
39.20
125
31.9
3,4
175
25.9
27.60
225
58.1
57,7
19
11 9 7
12 10
26
25
5
100
13
14 15
16
17
18
e ( IV )
e ( IV )
e ( IV )
e ( IV )
4
3
Obs.
150
We obtained the equivalent stresses values, which are

represented in the Table 5, using the fourth resistance
criterion. Figure 11 derived from these results.
4. CONCLUSIONS
200
Fig. 10. The position of the strain gauges on the ribbed plate.
We take into account the deformations, respectively

stresses values, which are produced in different points of
the plate. As we infer from the comparison of the results,
we observe the advantage of the rigidity of the plate. In
58
this case the value of the stresses lower about three times.
Closed values are obtained using the variants of calculus:
analytical, finite elements and experimental. However,
we note that at the embedded plates the maximum of
stresses is located on the contour.
REFERENCES
[1] R.T. Iatan, C. Popa, Thermal stress in monolayer plane
and circular plates variable temperature in the direction
of radius, Revista de Chimie, Vol. 60, Iss. 5, 2009, pp.
513517.
[2] V.V. Jinescu, Utilaj tehnologic pentru industrii de proces
(Technological equipment for process industries), Edit.
Tehnic, Bucharest, 1983, pp. 14.
[3] A.l. Pavel, Elemente de inginerie mecanic (Mechanical
engineering elements), Edit. Didactic i Pedagogic, Bucharest, 1981.
[4] M.H. Kargarnovin, S.A. Faghidian, Y. Farjami, G.H.
Farrahi, Application of homotopy-Pad technique in limit
analysis of circular plates under arbitrary rotational
symmetric loading using von-Mises yield criterion, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Vol.15, Iss. 4, 2010, pp. 10801091.
[5] E. Melerski, Circular plate analysis by finite differences.
Energy approach, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 115
(6), 1989, pp. 12051224.
[6] M. Kadkhodayan, An investigation to the orthotropic

plates by using irregular rectilinear mesh, Proceedings of
the IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification, and Control, MIC, 2007, pp. 259264.
[7] M. Marek, M. Krzysztof, Optimal design of sandwich
ribbed flat baffle plates of a circular cylindrical tank,
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol.
82, Iss. 3, March 2005, pp. 227233.
[8] N.J.H. Holroyd, J. Carrigan, W. Hepples, Y. Gao, Design
optimization of flat-bottomed high pressure gas cylinders,
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on pressure vessel technology, Sydney, 2000, pp. 841.
[9] O. Zienkiewicz, The finite element method, Vol. 12, Mc
Graw-Hill, London, 1991.
[10] C. Popa, Cercetri privind solicitrile plcilor plane
circulare rididizate cu nervuri radiale cu geometrie variabil (Researches regarding circular plane plate loading
reinforced by radial ribs with variable geometry), PhD thesis, Bucharest, 2006.
[11] G. Buzdugan, Rezistena materialelor (Strength of materials), Edit. Tehnic, Bucharest, 1980.
[12] M. Cheung, L. Wenchang, Finite strip method combined
with other numerical methods for the analysis of plates,
Computers and structures, Vol. 45, No. I, 1992, pp. 7985.
[13] W.A. Henry, Elements of experimental stress analysis,
Pergamon Press, London, 1977.
[14] S.P. Theocaris, Experimental stress analysis, Technical
Press, Bucharest, 1977.

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Proceedings in Manufacturing Systems, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2013

STRESS STATES IN PLANE AND RIBBED CIRCULAR PLATES

Corresponding author: University Valahia from Targoviste,

d) Numerical methods [49];

Fig. 2. Stresses of the fixed plane plate, at pressure 0.3 MPa.

Fig. 1. Geometrical characteristics of the circular plane plate.

using a plan which passes through the centres of two

The expressions of the bending moments are:

2.2. Analytical method

stresses at median surface of the plate; p uniform

Fig. 3. Stresses of the fixed plane plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.

thickness of the plate; M r , M radial bending

0.3 MPa. The equivalent stress at radius r = 225 mm

As seen from Table 2, where the maximum values of

Fig. 5. The position of the strain gauges on the plane plate.

To assess the stresses developed both on the upper

Fig. 4. Schema of the experimental stall.

Fig. 7. Geometrical characteristics of the circular ribbed plate.

Fig. 8. Stresses of the fixed ribbed plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.

Fig. 9. Stresses of the fixed ribbed plate, at 0.3 MPa pressure.

3. RIBBED PLATE ANALYZE

3.1. Elements finite method

We obtained the equivalent stresses values, which are

We take into account the deformations, respectively

[6] M. Kadkhodayan, An investigation to the orthotropic

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